[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100638777":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":29,"overallOfficials":44,"centralContacts":48,"locations":34,"responsibleParty":53,"collaborators":34,"id":56,"slug":57,"hasResults":58,"nctId":59,"briefTitle":60,"officialTitle":61,"acronym":62,"eligibilityCriteria":63,"healthyVolunteers":64,"sex":65,"minAge":66,"maxAge":67,"enrollmentInfo":68,"targetDuration":34,"studyType":71,"phases":72,"briefSummary":74,"conditions":75,"keywords":79,"overallStatus":87,"whyStopped":34,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":88,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":89,"startDateStruct":92,"completionDateStruct":94,"leadSponsor":96,"locationsCount":34},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Valencian International University (VIU)","OTHER",[8,14,19,24],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Box Breathing","EXPERIMENTAL","Daily 5-minute box breathing with individualized timing based on a CO2 tolerance test. Participants perform a maximal exhale and record the duration; this determines their personal inhale\u002Fhold\u002Fexhale\u002Fhold intervals (3-4s, 5-6s, or 8-10s). Equal-phase cyclic breathing with exclusive focus on mechanical control and counting.",[13],"Behavioral: Box Breathing",{"label":15,"type":10,"description":16,"interventionNames":17},"Cyclic Sighing","Daily 5-minute cyclic sighing. Participants inhale slowly through the nose, then take a second shorter nasal inhale to maximally fill the lungs, followed by a slow, complete oral exhalation. This double-inhale\u002Flong-exhale pattern is repeated continuously for 5 minutes. No mindfulness or attentional instructions are given.",[18],"Behavioral: Cyclic Sighing",{"label":20,"type":10,"description":21,"interventionNames":22},"Mindfulness AH Exhalation","Daily 5-minute focused-attention mindfulness practice. Participants sit or lie down, close their eyes, and direct attention to the forehead region between the eyes. On each exhale, they softly vocalize the syllable \"AH\" aloud (gentle, unforced audible sound). When distracted, they use the internal label \"thinking-thinking\" and redirect attention to the breath and then to the forehead region. Practice continues for 5 minutes.",[23],"Behavioral: Mindfulness AH Exhalation",{"label":25,"type":10,"description":26,"interventionNames":27},"Mindful Cyclic Sighing","Daily 5-minute hybrid practice combining cyclic sighing mechanics with mindfulness instructions. Participants inhale slowly through the nose, take a second shorter nasal inhale to maximally fill the lungs, then exhale slowly while softly vocalizing the syllable \"AH\" aloud (gentle, unforced). Attention is directed to the breath and the sensation of release during exhalation. When distracted, participants use the internal label \"thinking-thinking\" and redirect attention back to the breath. Practice continues for 5 minutes.",[28],"Behavioral: Mindful Cyclic Sighing",[30,35,38,41],{"type":31,"name":9,"description":32,"armGroupLabels":33,"otherNames":34},"BEHAVIORAL","Individualized box breathing based on CO2 tolerance test. Participants perform a maximal exhale and record the duration (CO2 discard time) to determine their personal cycle interval: 3-4s (0-20s discard), 5-6s (25-45s discard), or 8-10s (50-75s+ discard). Equal-phase cycles of inhale\u002Fhold\u002Fexhale\u002Fhold repeated for 5 minutes daily. Focus on mechanical breath control only.",[9],null,{"type":31,"name":15,"description":36,"armGroupLabels":37,"otherNames":34},"Double nasal inhalation (slow deep inhale + short top-up inhale to maximal lung capacity) followed by slow complete oral exhalation. Repeated continuously for 5 minutes daily. No attentional instructions.",[15],{"type":31,"name":20,"description":39,"armGroupLabels":40,"otherNames":34},"Focused-attention practice with eyes closed. Attention directed to forehead region between the eyes. Each exhalation accompanied by soft audible vocalization of syllable \"AH\". Distractions managed with internal label \"thinking-thinking\" followed by attention redirection. Practiced daily for 5 minutes.",[20],{"type":31,"name":25,"description":42,"armGroupLabels":43,"otherNames":34},"Hybrid practice: double nasal inhalation (cyclic sighing mechanics) combined with slow exhalation vocalized as soft audible \"AH\". Mindfulness instructions include attention to breath sensations and use of \"thinking-thinking\" label upon distraction. Practiced daily for 5 minutes.",[25],[45],{"name":46,"affiliation":5,"role":47},"Isaac Carmona-Rincón, PhD","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",[49],{"name":46,"role":50,"phone":51,"phoneExt":34,"email":52},"CONTACT","+34 618 187 325","isaac.carmona@professor.universidadviu.com",{"type":47,"investigatorFullName":54,"investigatorTitle":55,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":34,"oldOrganization":34},"Isaac Carmona-Rincón","Researcher, PROCESS Lab","100638777","comparative-effects-of-four-brief-breathwork-and-mindfulness-interventions-on-anxiety-and-psychological-flexibility-a-4-arm-rct-100638777",false,"NCT07621042","Comparative Effects of Four Brief Breathwork and Mindfulness Interventions on Anxiety and Psychological Flexibility: A 4-Arm RCT","Effect of Brief Breathwork and Mindfulness Interventions on Anxiety, Psychological Flexibility and Physiological Variables in Spanish-Speaking University Students: a Four-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial","BREATH-4","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 65 years (inclusive)\n* Native Spanish speaker or fluent in Spanish (sufficient to understand audio instructions and complete psychometric questionnaires)\n* Stable internet access and an electronic device (smartphone, tablet, or computer)\n* Ability to provide informed consent and commitment to the 31-day protocol and 2-month follow-up\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active diagnosis of severe or chronic respiratory disease that prevents safe performance of breathing exercises (e.g., advanced COPD, severe uncontrolled asthma, cystic fibrosis)\n* Current diagnosis of severe psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychotic spectrum disorders, acute-phase bipolar disorder, severe major depression with suicidal risk)\n* Any acute medical condition contraindicated for voluntary alteration of breathing patterns",true,"ALL","18 Years","65 Years",{"count":69,"type":70},240,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[73],"NA","This four-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial examines the effects of four brief daily 5-minute practices over 28 days on psychological flexibility and physiological variables in Spanish-speaking adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: Box Breathing, Cyclic Sighing, Mindfulness focused on exhalation with the syllable \"AH\", or Conscious Cyclic Sighing. Outcomes include state and trait anxiety (STAI), positive and negative affect (PANAS), psychological flexibility (MPFI-24, Psy-Flex), and physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, heart rate variability). Assessments are conducted at baseline, daily during the 28-day intervention, at post-intervention (day 31), and at 2-month follow-up.",[76,77,78],"Anxiety","Psychological Flexibility","Stress",[80,81,82,83,84,85,86],"breathworks","mindfulness","box breathing","cyclic sighing","heart rate variability","randomized controlled trial","Spanish-speaking","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-02",{"date":90,"type":91},"2026-06-04","ACTUAL",{"date":93,"type":70},"2027-01",{"date":95,"type":70},"2027-05",{"name":5,"class":6}]