[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100053580":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":24,"overallOfficials":34,"centralContacts":41,"locations":51,"responsibleParty":68,"collaborators":23,"id":72,"slug":73,"hasResults":74,"nctId":75,"briefTitle":76,"officialTitle":77,"acronym":78,"eligibilityCriteria":79,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":81,"minAge":82,"maxAge":83,"enrollmentInfo":84,"targetDuration":23,"studyType":87,"phases":88,"briefSummary":90,"conditions":91,"keywords":23,"overallStatus":95,"whyStopped":23,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":96,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":97,"startDateStruct":100,"completionDateStruct":102,"leadSponsor":104,"locationsCount":105},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Cairo University","OTHER",[8,14,19],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Diaphragmatic Breathing Group","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants will sit comfortably with their hands in their abdomen. They will:\n\n* Inhale through the nose for 4 seconds\n* Exhale through the mouth for 6 seconds\n* Focus on abdominal expansion and relaxation\n* Continue for 15 minutes, 6 sessions\u002Fweek, for 4 weeks",[13],"Behavioral: Diaphramatic Breathing Training",{"label":15,"type":10,"description":16,"interventionNames":17},"Box Breathing Group","Participants will perform a structured breath cycle:\n\n* Inhale for 4 seconds\n* Hold for 4 seconds\n* Exhale for 4 seconds\n* Hold for 4 seconds Sessions will last 15 minutes, 6 sessions\u002Fweek, for 4 weeks",[18],"Behavioral: Box Breathing Training",{"label":20,"type":21,"description":22,"interventionNames":23},"Control Group","NO_INTERVENTION","Participants will continue their normal daily routines and will not receive any breathing intervention during the study period",null,[25,30],{"type":26,"name":27,"description":28,"armGroupLabels":29,"otherNames":23},"BEHAVIORAL","Diaphramatic Breathing Training","Diaphragmatic Breathing Group:\n\nParticipants will sit comfortably with their hands in their abdomen. They will:\n\n* Inhale through the nose for 4 seconds\n* Exhale through the mouth for 6 seconds\n* Focus on abdominal expansion and relaxation\n* Continue for 15 minutes, 6 sessions\u002Fweek, for 4 weeks",[9],{"type":26,"name":31,"description":32,"armGroupLabels":33,"otherNames":23},"Box Breathing Training","Box Breathing Group:\n\nParticipants will perform a structured breath cycle:\n\n* Inhale for 4 seconds\n* Hold for 4 seconds\n* Exhale for 4 seconds\n* Hold for 4 seconds",[15],[35,38],{"name":36,"affiliation":5,"role":37},"Rana H Elbanaa, Assoiate Professor","STUDY_CHAIR",{"name":39,"affiliation":5,"role":40},"Fatma Y Abdelsalam, Lecturer","STUDY_DIRECTOR",[42,47],{"name":43,"role":44,"phone":45,"phoneExt":23,"email":46},"Alaa N Abdelhameed Abdelmohsen, B.Sc. in Physical Therapy","CONTACT","+201061382864","alaa.nasser@deraya.edu.eg",{"name":48,"role":44,"phone":49,"phoneExt":23,"email":50},"Abdelrahman A Mohamed, B.Sc. in Physical Therapy","+201124079292","abdelrahmanayman199810@gmail.com",[52],{"facility":53,"status":23,"city":54,"state":55,"zip":23,"country":56,"countryCode":57,"cosmosGeoPoint":58,"geoPoint":63,"contacts":64},"Faculty of Physical Therapy, Deraya University","Minya","Minya Province","Egypt","EG",{"type":59,"coordinates":60},"Point",[61,62],30.75813,28.09193,{"lat":62,"lon":61},[65],{"name":66,"role":44,"phone":45,"phoneExt":23,"email":67},"Alaa N Abdelhameed Abdelmohsen, BSc in Physical Therapy","alaa.nasser1713@gmail.com",{"type":69,"investigatorFullName":70,"investigatorTitle":71,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":23,"oldOrganization":23},"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","Alaa Naseer Abdelhameed Abdelmohsen","Teaching Assistant","100053580","diaphragmatic-and-box-breathing-on-heart-rate-variability-and-perceived-stress-100053580",false,"NCT07698652","Diaphragmatic and Box Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Stress","Enhancing Physiological and Psychological Resilience: A Comparative Study of Diaphragmatic and Box Breathing in Physical Therapy Students.","HRV DB BB PSS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Academic Status: Currently enrolled, full-time undergraduate Physical Therapy students\n* Age Range: 18-25 years\n* Health Status: Generally healthy individuals with no known chronic respiratory or cardiovascular diseases.\n* Informed Consent: Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent and commit to the 4-week protocol (6 sessions\u002Fweek).\n* Stress Level: A baseline score on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) indicating at least moderate stress.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pre-existing Breathing Expertise: Individuals with professional training in yoga (Pranayama), formal meditation, or advanced breath work that might bias the baseline results.\n* Medical Conditions: Diagnosed respiratory conditions (e.g., Asthma, COPD).\n* Cardiovascular issues (e.g., Arrhythmias, Hypertension).\n* Clinical psychological disorders (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Panic Disorder) that may require medication.\n* Pharmacological Factors: Use of medications that influence the Autonomic Nervous System (e.g., Beta-blockers, antidepressants, or heavy use of stimulants\u002Fsedatives).\n* Substance Use: Smokers\u002FVapers\n* Excessive Caffeine \"Participants consuming more than 400 mg of caffeine per day (equivalent to approximately 4 standard cups of brewed coffee) will be excluded.\n* Recent Acute Illness: Any respiratory tract infection or fever within two weeks prior to the start of the study",true,"ALL","18 Years","25 Years",{"count":85,"type":86},60,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[89],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if diaphragmatic breathing and box breathing work to enhance resilience and manage stress in physical therapy students. It will also learn about their effects on overall physiological and psychological parameters. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDo these breathing techniques improve heart rate variability (HRV)?\n\nHow do these interventions affect participants' perceived stress levels, cognitive performance, and academic achievement?\n\nResearchers will compare diaphragmatic breathing and box breathing to a control group to see if these non-invasive methods work to improve physiological adaptation and manage stress.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nBe randomly assigned to practice diaphragmatic breathing, practice box breathing, or join a control group Have their heart rate variability (HRV) measured as a primary sign of physiological adaptation Complete assessments to evaluate their perceived stress, cognitive performance, and academic achievement",[92,93,94],"Stress","Psychological Resilience","Healthy Students","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-07",{"date":98,"type":99},"2026-07-13","ACTUAL",{"date":101,"type":86},"2026-07-01",{"date":103,"type":86},"2027-03-01",{"name":5,"class":6},1]