[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100638094":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":29,"overallOfficials":39,"centralContacts":43,"locations":28,"responsibleParty":53,"collaborators":57,"id":59,"slug":60,"hasResults":61,"nctId":62,"briefTitle":63,"officialTitle":64,"acronym":65,"eligibilityCriteria":66,"healthyVolunteers":61,"sex":67,"minAge":68,"maxAge":28,"enrollmentInfo":69,"targetDuration":28,"studyType":72,"phases":73,"briefSummary":75,"conditions":76,"keywords":78,"overallStatus":83,"whyStopped":28,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":84,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":85,"startDateStruct":88,"completionDateStruct":90,"leadSponsor":92,"locationsCount":28},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"STIKes Panti Rapih Yogyakarta","OTHER",[8,14,19,24],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Arm Group 1, PLB I:E 1:3","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration)",[13],"Other: Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration)",{"label":15,"type":10,"description":16,"interventionNames":17},"Arm Group 2, PLB I:E 1:4","Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration)",[18],"Other: Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration)",{"label":20,"type":10,"description":21,"interventionNames":22},"Arm Group 3, PLB I:E 1:5","Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration)",[23],"Other: Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration)",{"label":25,"type":26,"description":27,"interventionNames":28},"Arm Group 4, Standard Therapy","NO_INTERVENTION","Participants receive standard care without structured PLB intervention",null,[30,33,36],{"type":6,"name":11,"description":31,"armGroupLabels":32,"otherNames":28},"Participants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group.\n\nIntervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios):\n\nParticipants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows:\n\nGroup 1: I:E ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration)\n\nThe procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.\n\nstru",[9],{"type":6,"name":16,"description":34,"armGroupLabels":35,"otherNames":28},"Participants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group.\n\nIntervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios):\n\nParticipants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows:\n\nGroup 2: I:E ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration)\n\nThe procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.",[15],{"type":6,"name":21,"description":37,"armGroupLabels":38,"otherNames":28},"Participants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group.\n\nIntervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios):\n\nParticipants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows:\n\nGroup 3: I:E ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration)\n\nThe procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.",[20],[40],{"name":41,"affiliation":5,"role":42},"Scholastica FA Puspasari, Master","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",[44,49],{"name":45,"role":46,"phone":47,"phoneExt":28,"email":48},"Scholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari, Master","CONTACT","+62821-3433-1244","scholastica_fina@stikespantirapih.ac.id",{"name":50,"role":46,"phone":51,"phoneExt":28,"email":52},"Bernadeta Eka Noviati, Magister","+62 896-2816-5916","eka_noviati@stikespantirapih.ac.id",{"type":54,"investigatorFullName":55,"investigatorTitle":56,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":28,"oldOrganization":28},"SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR","Scholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari","Ns.,M.Kep",[58],{"name":5,"class":6},"100638094","effect-of-pursed-lip-breathing-with-different-ie-ratios-on-respiratory-outcomes-in-copd-patients-100638094",false,"NCT07573826","Effect of Pursed-Lip Breathing With Different I:E Ratios on Respiratory Outcomes in COPD Patients","Effectiveness of Different Inspiratory-Expiratory Ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) in Pursed-Lip Breathing on Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation, and Dyspnea in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Quasi-Experimental Study","PLB I:E Ratio","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with stable COPD\n* Age ≥ 40 years\n* Able to follow breathing instructions\n* Willing to participate and provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cognitive impairment or decreased consciousness\n* Severe cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension)\n* Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO)\n* Acute respiratory infection (e.g., pneumonia)\n* Neuromuscular disorders affecting respiratory muscles","ALL","40 Years",{"count":70,"type":71},122,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[74],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether different inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratios in the pursed-lip breathing (PLB) technique can improve respiratory outcomes in patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) aged 40 years and older. The primary purpose is to determine whether a specific breathing intervention can improve respiratory function.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes PLB with different I:E ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) reduce respiratory rate in COPD patients? Does PLB with different I:E ratios improve oxygen saturation and reduce dyspnea severity?\n\nResearchers will compare PLB with I:E ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 and a control group receiving standard care to see if different ratios produce different effects on respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and dyspnea levels.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nPerform pursed-lip breathing using assigned I:E ratios (1:3, 1:4, or 1:5) for 10 minutes Be assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (standard care) Have their respiratory rate measured before and after the intervention Have their oxygen saturation measured using a pulse oximeter Report their dyspnea level using the Modified Borg Scale before and after the intervention",[77],"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)",[79,80,81,82],"Pursed-Lip Breathing I:E ratio in COPD","Oxygen saturation","dyspnea scale","respiratory rate","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-04-30",{"date":86,"type":87},"2026-05-07","ACTUAL",{"date":89,"type":71},"2026-05-04",{"date":91,"type":71},"2026-08-14",{"name":55,"class":6}]