[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100638333":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":25,"overallOfficials":24,"centralContacts":24,"locations":34,"responsibleParty":59,"collaborators":63,"id":65,"slug":66,"hasResults":67,"nctId":68,"briefTitle":69,"officialTitle":70,"acronym":24,"eligibilityCriteria":71,"healthyVolunteers":67,"sex":72,"minAge":73,"maxAge":74,"enrollmentInfo":75,"targetDuration":24,"studyType":78,"phases":79,"briefSummary":81,"conditions":82,"keywords":84,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":24,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":90,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":91,"startDateStruct":94,"completionDateStruct":96,"leadSponsor":98,"locationsCount":99},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"University of Health Sciences Lahore","OTHER",[8,14,20],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Graded Motor Imagery Protocol","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants in this arm will be engaged in a 6-week graded motor imagery program, consisting of two supervised sessions per week and daily home practice. The intervention will have three phases: laterality recognition training with images of the pelvis and abdomen, explicit motor imagery of pain-free abdominal and pelvic movements, and mirror therapy\u002Fvisual feedback with a mirror box to produce the illusion of normal and pain-free lower abdominal movement. A trained physiotherapist will deliver online sessions, and participants will complete about 15 minutes of home practice each day, which will be recorded in a diary.",[13],"Behavioral: Graded Motor Imagery (GMI)",{"label":15,"type":16,"description":17,"interventionNames":18},"Sham Graded Motor Imagery","SHAM_COMPARATOR","Participants in the sham group will undergo a program of the same amount of contact time as well as duration over 6 weeks with the same number of sessions. The sham intervention will consist of three phases. Sham laterality discrimination tasks will be performed with distal body parts only (e.g., hands and feet) and without pelvic content. Moreover, the sham general relaxation imagery will have peaceful scenes rather than body movement. Lastly, sham mirror exposure will be done by looking at a mirror showing the contralateral hand but not at the pelvic area.\n\nThe sham protocol aims to control non-specific effects of therapist contact, attention, and imagery engagement, and to remove the pelvic-specific cortical engagement as occurred in the active component of GMI.",[19],"Behavioral: Sham Graded Motor Imagery",{"label":21,"type":22,"description":23,"interventionNames":24},"Wait-List Control","NO_INTERVENTION","Participants in the wait-list group will receive no intervention throughout the 10-week study. They will be given standard written information regarding menstrual health and will be allowed to use analgesics as needed, which will be noted as a covariate.",null,[26,31],{"type":27,"name":28,"description":29,"armGroupLabels":30,"otherNames":24},"BEHAVIORAL","Graded Motor Imagery (GMI)","The intervention will be a structured 6-week graded motor imagery program focused on the modulation of pain processing and sensorimotor representation in women with primary dysmenorrhea. It will consist of three sequential steps. Firstly, laterality recognition training with pelvic and abdominal body images. Secondly, explicit motor imagery with pain-free abdominal and pelvic movements. Finally, mirror therapy\u002Fvisual feedback for normal pain-free movement. The program will be delivered online by a trained physiotherapist with two supervised sessions per week as well as daily home practice. This intervention is different from usual exercise or education because it mainly focuses on the cortical and sensorimotor mechanisms rather than only physical conditioning.",[9],{"type":27,"name":15,"description":32,"armGroupLabels":33,"otherNames":24},"The intervention will be a sham 6-week graded motor imagery program in which the participants will undergo a program of the same amount of contact time as well as duration over 6 weeks with the same number of sessions. The sham intervention will consist of three phases. Sham laterality discrimination tasks will be performed with distal body parts only (e.g., hands and feet) and without pelvic content. Moreover, the sham general relaxation imagery will have peaceful scenes rather than body movement. Lastly, sham mirror exposure will be done by looking at a mirror showing the contralateral hand but not at the pelvic area. The sham protocol aims to control non-specific effects of therapist contact, attention, and imagery engagement, and to remove the pelvic-specific cortical engagement as occurred in the active component of GMI.",[15],[35],{"facility":36,"status":37,"city":38,"state":39,"zip":40,"country":41,"countryCode":42,"cosmosGeoPoint":43,"geoPoint":48,"contacts":49},"Dr. Saqib Rabbani","RECRUITING","Lahore","Punjab Province","54782","Pakistan","PK",{"type":44,"coordinates":45},"Point",[46,47],74.35071,31.558,{"lat":47,"lon":46},[50,54,56],{"name":36,"role":51,"phone":52,"phoneExt":24,"email":53},"CONTACT","+923000425708","beh.sciences@uhs.edu.pk",{"name":24,"role":51,"phone":24,"phoneExt":24,"email":55},"drmehaknaeem@gmail.com",{"name":57,"role":58,"phone":24,"phoneExt":24,"email":24},"Mehak Naeem, DPT","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",{"type":60,"investigatorFullName":61,"investigatorTitle":62,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":24,"oldOrganization":24},"SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR","Dr. Mehak Naeem","Principle Investigator",[64],{"name":5,"class":6},"100638333","graded-motor-imagery-for-primary-dysmenorrhea-100638333",false,"NCT07618832","Graded Motor Imagery for Primary Dysmenorrhea","Effect of Graded Motor Imagery on Pressure Pain Threshold and Pain Intensity in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Female sex (aged 18-30 years)\n2. Diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea confirmed by a physician (painful menstruation for ≥6 consecutive cycles, in the absence of identifiable pelvic pathology on clinical and\u002For ultrasound evaluation)\n3. Pain ≥4\u002F10 NRS experienced during the last period.\n4. Confirmed altered pressure pain threshold: PPT ≥2 standard deviations below published norms for age-matched healthy women, measured at baseline assessment\n5. Regular menstrual cycle (21-35 days)\n6. Capable of engaging in virtual video sessions and taking online tests.\n7. Consent to withhold new analgesic or hormonal treatments during the study period.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Secondary dysmenorrhea (endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts ≥3 cm confirmed on imaging)\n2. Current use of hormonal contraceptives (which alter prostaglandin levels and pain processing)\n3. Pregnancy or lactation\n4. Concurrent chronic pain condition (fibromyalgia, CRPS, chronic low back pain, chronic pelvic pain unrelated to menstruation)\n5. Neurological or psychiatric disorder that would impair motor imagery ability (stroke, schizophrenia, active psychosis)\n6. Cognitive impairment affecting informed consent capacity\n7. Participation in another clinical trial within 4 weeks before enrollment\n8. Previous exposure to graded motor imagery or mirror therapy\n9. Regular use of NSAIDs or opioids for non-menstrual indications","FEMALE","18 Years","30 Years",{"count":76,"type":77},81,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[80],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if graded motor imagery can reduce pain sensitivity and period pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea (painful periods with no medical cause).\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n1. Is there a decrease in pressure pain threshold (increased pain sensitivity) with graded motor imagery?\n2. Is the intensity of menstrual pain reduced by graded motor imagery?\n3. Is GMI helpful to reduce menstrual symptoms and pain catastrophizing (negative thinking about pain)?\n\nResearchers will compare full GMI (active intervention), a sham GMI(inactive intervention), and a wait-list (no intervention) to see if GMI works better than the alternatives.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n1. Take part in a 6-week graded motor imagery program, sham program, or no intervention control.\n2. Do laterality recognition, motor imagery, and mirror therapy exercises in the graded motor imagery group.\n3. Complete pain and symptom assessments before and after the program, and again at follow-up.",[83],"Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD)",[85,86,87,88,89],"Graded Motor Imagery","Primary Dysmenorrhea","Primary dysmenorrhea and pressure pain threshold","Primary dysmenorrhea and altered pain sensitivity","Non-pharmacological intervention for primary dysmenorrhea","2026-05-30",{"date":92,"type":93},"2026-06-02","ACTUAL",{"date":95,"type":93},"2026-04-06",{"date":97,"type":77},"2026-08",{"name":61,"class":6},1]