[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100610908":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":24,"overallOfficials":34,"centralContacts":38,"locations":45,"responsibleParty":59,"collaborators":12,"id":62,"slug":63,"hasResults":64,"nctId":65,"briefTitle":66,"officialTitle":67,"acronym":68,"eligibilityCriteria":69,"healthyVolunteers":70,"sex":71,"minAge":72,"maxAge":73,"enrollmentInfo":74,"targetDuration":12,"studyType":77,"phases":78,"briefSummary":80,"conditions":81,"keywords":85,"overallStatus":92,"whyStopped":12,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":93,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":94,"startDateStruct":97,"completionDateStruct":99,"leadSponsor":101,"locationsCount":102},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi","OTHER",[8,13,19],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Control Group","NO_INTERVENTION","No additional intervention will be applied to the participants in this group; only the standard IM injection protocol will be followed.",null,{"label":14,"type":15,"description":16,"interventionNames":17},"Cold Spray Group","EXPERIMENTAL","Prior to the injection, cold spray was applied to an approximately 10 cm² area at the planned injection site from a distance of 15 cm for a duration of 5 seconds. Following this procedure, the intramuscular (IM) injection was administered within 15 seconds, and the entire process was completed in accordance with the standard protocol",[18],"Procedure: cold spray gruop",{"label":20,"type":15,"description":21,"interventionNames":22},"Stress Ball Group","Participants in this group were informed in advance about how to use the stress ball. After the ventrogluteal (VG) injection site was randomly selected, a medium-firm stress ball was placed in the hand on the non-injection side. Participants were instructed to rhythmically squeeze and release the ball throughout the procedure. The injection was then administered according to the predetermined standard protocol",[23],"Procedure: stress ball gruop",[25,30],{"type":26,"name":27,"description":28,"armGroupLabels":29,"otherNames":12},"PROCEDURE","cold spray gruop","Arm Description: Before skin cleansing; cooling spray will be applied to a 10 cm2 area in the injection area from a distance of 15 cm for 5 seconds and diclofenac sodium injection will be applied within 15 seconds (Çetin and Avşar, 2022; Cevheroğlu and Büyükyılmaz, 2023). • IM injection protocol will be followed.",[14],{"type":26,"name":31,"description":32,"armGroupLabels":33,"otherNames":12},"stress ball gruop","The patients in the group will first be told how to use the ball. After the VG area to be injected is determined, a stress ball will be given to the patient's hand opposite the injection area and they will be asked to squeeze and loosen the ball. They will be told to repeat this until the procedure is completed.",[20],[35],{"name":36,"affiliation":5,"role":37},"Handan AYDIN KAHRAMAN, PHD","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",[39,43],{"name":36,"role":40,"phone":41,"phoneExt":12,"email":42},"CONTACT","+905077469889","haydin@erzincan.edu.tr",{"name":36,"role":40,"phone":44,"phoneExt":12,"email":42},"+90 507 746 9889",[46],{"facility":47,"status":12,"city":48,"state":12,"zip":49,"country":50,"countryCode":12,"cosmosGeoPoint":51,"geoPoint":56,"contacts":57},"Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University","Erzincan","24100","Turkey (Türkiye)",{"type":52,"coordinates":53},"Point",[54,55],39.49015,39.73919,{"lat":55,"lon":54},[58],{"name":36,"role":40,"phone":44,"phoneExt":12,"email":42},{"type":37,"investigatorFullName":60,"investigatorTitle":61,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":12,"oldOrganization":12},"handan aydın kahraman","Asistant Professör","100610908","im-njection-pain-cold-spray-and-stress-ball-100610908",false,"NCT07233694","IM İnjection-PAIN-Cold Spray and Stress Ball","The Effects of Cold Spray and Stress Ball Methods on Perceived Pain, Comfort, and Satisfaction During Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial","CSB-PAIN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAdults aged 18-65 years\n\nReceiving intramuscular injection\n\nVoluntarily agreed to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nSkin disease at the injection site\n\nAllergy to cold spray\n\nCognitive impairment preventing cooperation",true,"ALL","18 Years","65 Years",{"count":75,"type":76},66,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[79],"NA","Brief Summary:\n\nIntramuscular (IM) injection is a widely used method for drug administration, with over 12 billion applications globally each year. Despite its therapeutic advantages, IM injection often causes pain, which can negatively impact patient comfort and lead to injection fear, non-compliance, and avoidance of healthcare services. Effective pain management during IM injection is an ethical and professional responsibility for nurses. This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effectiveness of cold spray and stress ball squeezing methods against standard practice in reducing IM injection-related pain. The study will be conducted in the emergency department of a university hospital in Turkey between March and June 2025, involving 66 patients prescribed IM diclofenac sodium. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: cold spray, stress ball, or control. Pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) within the first minute after injection.",[82,83,84],"Pain, Procedural","Acute Pain","Injection Site",[86,87,88,89,90,91],"muscle intramuscular injection","Nursing","Nursing practice","Pain","stress ball","cold spray","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2025-11-16",{"date":95,"type":96},"2025-11-18","ACTUAL",{"date":98,"type":76},"2025-11-25",{"date":100,"type":76},"2025-12-10",{"name":5,"class":6},1]