[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100630145":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":20,"overallOfficials":32,"centralContacts":33,"locations":32,"responsibleParty":39,"collaborators":32,"id":43,"slug":44,"hasResults":45,"nctId":46,"briefTitle":47,"officialTitle":47,"acronym":48,"eligibilityCriteria":49,"healthyVolunteers":45,"sex":50,"minAge":51,"maxAge":32,"enrollmentInfo":52,"targetDuration":32,"studyType":55,"phases":56,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":61,"overallStatus":63,"whyStopped":32,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":64,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":65,"startDateStruct":68,"completionDateStruct":70,"leadSponsor":72,"locationsCount":32},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","OTHER",[8,14],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Experimental Group","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants in this arm will receive a 10-15 minute immersive virtual reality (VR) education program one day prior to surgery. Utilizing a head-mounted display (HMD), patients will experience a 360-degree simulated walkthrough of the operating room environment, the spinal anesthesia procedure (including positioning and sensations), and post-operative recovery exercises. The program is designed to reduce preoperative anxiety through sensory immersion and procedural familiarity. This intervention is provided in addition to standard institutional nursing care.",[13],"Behavioral: Virtual reality",{"label":15,"type":16,"description":17,"interventionNames":18},"Control Group","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","Participants in this arm will receive standard health education via a 2D video program one day prior to surgery. The video, lasting approximately 10-15 minutes, is delivered through a tablet or television screen. The educational content is identical to the experimental group, including a walkthrough of the operating room environment, spinal anesthesia procedures, and post-operative recovery exercises. This represents the current standard of care for preoperative instruction. All participants also receive standard institutional nursing care.",[19],"Behavioral: Conventional Video",[21,28],{"type":22,"name":23,"description":24,"armGroupLabels":25,"otherNames":26},"BEHAVIORAL","Virtual reality","Intervention Name: Virtual Reality-Based Preoperative Education\n\nIntervention Description:\n\nA 10-15 minute immersive virtual reality (VR) education program administered via a head-mounted display (HMD) one day prior to surgery. The simulation provides a 360-degree interactive walkthrough of the operating room environment and the spinal anesthesia procedure (including patient positioning and sensory expectations). This intervention aims to reduce preoperative anxiety through high-fidelity sensory immersion. It is provided in addition to standard conventional nursing care.",[9],[27],"VR Education",{"type":22,"name":29,"description":30,"armGroupLabels":31,"otherNames":32},"Conventional Video","Intervention Name: Conventional Health Education Video\n\nIntervention Description:\n\nA 10-15 minute standard health education video delivered via a tablet or television screen one day prior to surgery. The video content is identical to the experimental group, covering the surgical environment, spinal anesthesia steps, and post-operative recovery exercises, but presented in a traditional 2D, non-immersive format. This group represents the current standard of care for preoperative education at the clinical site.",[15],null,[34],{"name":35,"role":36,"phone":37,"phoneExt":32,"email":38},"Jia Ling WANG","CONTACT","886+0938562061","g462112026@tmu.edu.tw",{"type":40,"investigatorFullName":41,"investigatorTitle":42,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":32,"oldOrganization":32},"SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR","Jia-Ling Wang","Principal Investigator","100630145","the-effectiveness-of-a-virtual-reality-based-educational-intervention-on-anxiety-symptoms-pain-levels-and-physiological-indicator-outcomes-in-surgical-patients-100630145",false,"NCT07483866","The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-based Educational Intervention on Anxiety Symptoms, Pain Levels, and Physiological Indicator Outcomes in Surgical Patients","VR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Must be 18 years of age or older.\n2. Must be scheduled for orthopedic surgery and be scheduled to undergo spinal anesthesia.\n3. Must have no anxiety disorders, no visual or auditory impairments, be fully conscious, and be able to understand and read Chinese.\n4. Must be classified as a Class I to III by the American College of Anesthesiologists.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Previous head injury.\n2. History of dizziness.\n3. Patient requiring transfer to the intensive care unit due to their condition.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":53,"type":54},200,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[57],"NA","Study Design and Participants This study employed a prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. A total of two study arms were established: an experimental group receiving a virtual reality (VR) education intervention combined with conventional care, and a control group receiving a unit health education film with conventional care.\n\nParticipants were recruited based on the following inclusion criteria: adults aged 18 years or older scheduled for elective hip or knee replacement surgery under spinal anesthesia; an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade of I to III; clear consciousness with the ability to read and understand Chinese; and no prior diagnosis of anxiety disorders or significant visual\u002Fhearing impairments. Patients were excluded if they had a history of head trauma or chronic dizziness, or if they required post-operative transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to medical complications.\n\nRandomization and Intervention Eligible participants were assigned to either the experimental or control group using block randomization to ensure balanced group sizes. The primary intervention for the experimental group consisted of a structured Virtual Reality Education Program, while the control group received standard institutional health education via video.\n\nData Collection and Instrumentation A repeated-measures approach was utilized for data collection across four distinct time points: (1) baseline (one day prior to surgery), (2) pre-operative arrival at the operating room holding area on the day of surgery, (3) one day post-operatively, and (4) three days post-operatively.\n\nThe research instruments used for assessment included:\n\nA demographic profile sheet. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). The Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS-P). A Virtual Reality Education Satisfaction Questionnaire. Standardized physiological indicators.",[60],"Preoperative Anxiety",[62],"Preoperative anxiety","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-03-17",{"date":66,"type":67},"2026-03-19","ACTUAL",{"date":69,"type":54},"2026-03-01",{"date":71,"type":54},"2027-12-31",{"name":41,"class":6}]