[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":250},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,9,0,[8,50,75,102,126,149,170,202,229],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":39,"startDateStruct":42,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100636501","high-energy-laser-in-the-conservative-treatment-of-rhizarthrosis-100636501",false,"NCT07566507","High-Energy Laser in the Conservative Treatment of Rhizarthrosis","High Intensity Laser Therapy (HL) vs Exercise in Thumb Osteoarthritis","HLEX-TO","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* arthrosis of the trapezoid-metacarpal with stage 1 or 2 of the Eaton-Littler radiographic classification and pain (recent radiograph within 6 months previously);\n* clinical picture that has been occurring for at least 6 months;\n* pain scored with VAS scale at least 4\u002F10.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* rheumatoid arthritis or outcomes of trauma in the affected area, contra-indications to treatment with laser therapy (neoplasia, pregnancy, thrombocytopenia, epilepsy, uncompensated heart disease or arrhythmia, pacemaker, local infections),\n* corticosteroid infiltration or physical therapy in the previous 4 weeks.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},42,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that can affect the hands and is particularly debilitating when it involves the trapeziometacarpal joint (rhizarthrosis). It causes pain, deformity, limited movement and strength, joint instability, resulting in significant limitations in daily activities.Many conservative treatments, such as medications, therapeutic exercises, physical therapy, and orthoses, are effective for managing hand OA. For patients who do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical intervention will be necessary.",[27,28,29,30],"Thumb Osteoarthritis","Hand Injuries","Laser","Exercise",[32,33,34,35,36],"hand","rehabilitation","conservative","lasertherapy","exercise","RECRUITING","2026-05-13",{"date":40,"type":41},"2026-05-15","ACTUAL",{"date":43,"type":41},"2025-11-01",{"date":45,"type":21},"2028-12-01",{"name":47,"class":48},"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari","OTHER",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":11,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":56,"eligibilityCriteria":57,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":58,"maxAge":59,"enrollmentInfo":60,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":62,"briefSummary":63,"conditions":64,"keywords":66,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":69,"startDateStruct":70,"completionDateStruct":72,"leadSponsor":74,"locationsCount":49},"100580136","shock-waves-in-knee-arthritis-100580136","NCT06833372","Shock Waves in Knee Arthritis","Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Patients With Knee Arthritis","SWinKA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* persistent knee pain for at least 3 months, measured with a VAS scale of 4 or higher,\n* clinical and radiological diagnosis confirming knee osteoarthritis grade 2 and 3 based on the Kellgren-Lawrence system,\n* no history of physical therapy in the last 3 months,\n* no infections, tumors in the treatment area of the knee,\n* no pathology other than osteoarthritis that could cause knee pain,\n* no pathology of the lumbar spine or hip that could refer knee pain,\n* free from any condition that prevents participation in exercise or physical therapy willing to participate regularly in the treatment programs were included in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* inability to walk,\n* a history of clinically symptomatic spinal stenosis or lumbar radiculopathy,\n* evidence of a neurological disorder based on history or physical examination,\n* generalized pain or fibromyalgia,\n* secondary osteoarthritis (to metabolic or rheumatologic disease),\n* administration of intra-articular injections (anesthetic, hyaluronic acid, cortisone) of the knee in the last 6 months,\n* use of NSAIDs, paracetamol or topical agents in the previous week,\n* a previous history of surgery involving the knee joint,\n* contraindications to physical therapy (PM, epilepsy, neoplasia, coagulopathy, pregnancy).","45 Years","80 Years",{"count":61,"type":21},72,[24],"Pathological arthritis is a degenerative disease affecting the joints, characterized by pain, limitation of movement up to ankylosis and disability. Treatment is aimed at reducing pain and slowing the loss of functionality of the district. Among conservative treatments, pharmacological options (NSAIDs, cortisone, contrasupplements, hyaluronic acid) and non-pharmacological options (therapeutic exercise, physical therapy, orthosis, etc.) are indicated. In cases not responding to conservative treatments, surgical treatment will be necessary with prosthetic replacement of the joint district.",[65],"Arthritis of Knee",[67,68],"shock waves","conservative treatment",{"date":40,"type":41},{"date":71,"type":41},"2025-10-01",{"date":73,"type":21},"2027-09-01",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":76,"slug":77,"hasResults":11,"nctId":78,"briefTitle":79,"officialTitle":80,"acronym":81,"eligibilityCriteria":82,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":83,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":84,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":86,"briefSummary":87,"conditions":88,"keywords":90,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":95,"startDateStruct":97,"completionDateStruct":99,"leadSponsor":101,"locationsCount":49},"100578539","effects-of-high-intensity-laser-therapy-in-muscle-injuries-100578539","NCT06812611","Effects of High Intensity Laser Therapy in Muscle Injuries","Effects of High Intensity Laser Therapy In Lower Limb Muscle Injuries: a Randomized Controlled Study","THEALinMJ","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* presence of a grade III A muscle lesion of the lower limbs, according to the Mueller-Wohlfart classification, confirmed by ultrasound examination and occurred during sporting activity at least 5 days before inclusion in the study;\n* no previous muscle injury in the last 6 months;\n* signing of the written informed consent for participation in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* previous muscle injuries or bone fractures of the lower limbs in the last 6 months;\n* knee instability due to previous rupture of the knee ligaments;\n\n  • instability or previous sprain of the ankle;\n* active neoplastic or infectious diseases;\n* contraindications to biostimulation;\n* congenital anomalies of the lower limbs.","16 Years",{"count":85,"type":21},24,[24],"Muscle injuries are frequent traumatic events in daily life, particularly during sports. In sports, their incidence varies from 10% to 55% of total injuries. According to the Mueller Wohlfart classification, muscle injuries are classified into direct traumatic injuries (contusion-laceration) and indirect traumatic injuries, which are further divided into non-structural injuries (grade I and II) and structural injuries. Structural lesions are further divided into partial muscle lesions (grade III): 3 A, minor partial lesion, i.e. lesion of one or more primary bundles with a secondary bundle; 3 B, moderate partial lesion, i.e. lesion of at least one secondary bundle and with a rupture area \\\u003C 50% of the muscle surface; and (sub)total muscle injury (grade IV).",[89],"Muscle Tear",[91,92,93,94],"laser","high energy","limb","muscle tear",{"date":96,"type":41},"2026-05-14",{"date":98,"type":41},"2025-12-01",{"date":100,"type":21},"2027-04-01",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":103,"slug":104,"hasResults":11,"nctId":105,"briefTitle":106,"officialTitle":106,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":107,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":108,"minAge":109,"maxAge":110,"enrollmentInfo":111,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":113,"briefSummary":114,"conditions":115,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":117,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":118,"startDateStruct":120,"completionDateStruct":122,"leadSponsor":124,"locationsCount":125},"100615179","randomized-clinical-trial-comparing-transurethral-prostate-resection-turp-and-echolaser-soractelite-tpla-transperineal-laser-ablation-in-patients-with-lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-due-to-benign-prostatic-obstruction-100615179","NCT07289243","RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING TRANSURETHRAL PROSTATE RESECTION (TURP) AND ECHOLASER SORACTELITE-TPLA (TRANSPERINEAL LASER ABLATION) IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS DUE TO BENIGN PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* age, Lower urinary tract simptoms (IPSS \\>= 8), uncompliance or no achived drugs treatment for IPB, prostate volume 40ml-80ml , ability to express informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* previous surgical tretment for IPB, bladder catheter, bladder stones, urinary or seminal infections, hypo-\u002Fa-contractilitis of bladder, bladder tuomrs, urethral stricture, neurological bladder, refuse to sign informed consent","MALE","40 Years","85 Years",{"count":112,"type":21},80,[24],"THIS STUDY IS A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING TRANSURETHRAL PROSTATE RESECTION (TURP) AND ECHOLASER SORACTELITE-TPLA (TRANSPERINEAL LASER ABLATION) IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS DUE TO BENIGN PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION. THE PRIMARY GOAL IS TO SHOW THE NON-INFERIORITY OF TPLA VERSUS TURP BY IPSS-SCORE.",[116],"RANDOMIZED","2025-12-04",{"date":119,"type":41},"2025-12-17",{"date":121,"type":41},"2024-07-14",{"date":123,"type":21},"2026-12-25",{"name":47,"class":48},2,{"id":127,"slug":128,"hasResults":11,"nctId":129,"briefTitle":130,"officialTitle":131,"acronym":132,"eligibilityCriteria":133,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":59,"enrollmentInfo":134,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":136,"briefSummary":138,"conditions":139,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":141,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":142,"startDateStruct":144,"completionDateStruct":146,"leadSponsor":148,"locationsCount":49},"100526706","early-phase-1-plantar-fascitiis-comparison-of-eswt-and-collagen-hydrolyzed-peptides-100526706","NCT06138236","Plantar Fascitiis: Comparison of ESWT and Collagen Hydrolyzed Peptides","Comparison of ESWT and Collagen Hydrolyzed Peptides in the Treatment of Plantar Fascitiis","PFESWTCP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPlantar fascitiis Aged between 18 and 80 years old\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Previous surgery of the foot\n* Contraindications to ESWT",{"count":135,"type":21},84,[137],"EARLY_PHASE1","Patients suffering from Plantar Fasciitis were randomized into three groups:\n\nthe first group underwent infiltration of Collagen Hydrolyzed Peptides, the second one underwent the ESWT treatment, the third one underwent a combination of the two treatments.",[140],"Plantar Fascitis","2025-12-02",{"date":143,"type":41},"2025-12-08",{"date":145,"type":41},"2023-07-01",{"date":147,"type":21},"2025-12-31",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":150,"slug":151,"hasResults":11,"nctId":152,"briefTitle":153,"officialTitle":154,"acronym":155,"eligibilityCriteria":156,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":59,"enrollmentInfo":157,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":159,"briefSummary":160,"conditions":161,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":163,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":164,"startDateStruct":166,"completionDateStruct":167,"leadSponsor":169,"locationsCount":49},"100526707","cholecalciferol-and-calcifediol-are-both-useful-to-improve-vitamin-d-serum-levels-100526707","NCT06138249","Cholecalciferol and Calcifediol Are Both Useful to Improve Vitamin D Serum Levels","Different Kinds of Vitamin D Intake and Its Metabolites: Blood Levels and Bone Mineral Density. A Randomized Clinical Trial.","VITD","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Hypovitaminosis D (\\\u003C20ng\u002FmL)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Osteoporosis (T score \\\u003C-2.5SD)\n* Renal or hepatic diseases",{"count":158,"type":21},90,[24],"Patients with hypovitaminosis D are randomized into three arms of treatment:\n\nGroup A: Calcifediol 0,266mg each month Group B: Cholecalciferol 25000UI each 15 days Group C: Calcifediol 4 drops per day. Serum levels of vitamin D are dosed after one month of treatment",[162],"Hypovitaminosis D","2025-11-20",{"date":165,"type":41},"2025-11-25",{"date":145,"type":41},{"date":168,"type":21},"2025-12-30",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":171,"slug":172,"hasResults":11,"nctId":173,"briefTitle":174,"officialTitle":175,"acronym":176,"eligibilityCriteria":177,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":178,"enrollmentInfo":179,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":181,"briefSummary":182,"conditions":183,"keywords":186,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":194,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":195,"startDateStruct":197,"completionDateStruct":199,"leadSponsor":201,"locationsCount":49},"100607207","vey-low-energy-ketogenic-therapy-in-adults-with-type-1-diabetes-and-obesity-on-intensive-insulin-therapy-using-advanded-hybrid-closed-loop-system-100607207","NCT07185555","Vey Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity on Intensive Insulin Therapy Using Advanded Hybrid Closed Loop System","Applying Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet to the Treatment of Obesity in People With Type 1 Diabetes on Intensive Insulin Therapy Using Automated Insulin Delivery System","KET1D","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAge ≥ 18 years\n\nDiagnosis of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune diabetes for ≥ 12 months\n\nBMI ≥ 30 kg\u002Fm²\n\nHbA1c \\\u003C 9%\n\nKnowledge and use of carbohydrate counting\n\nUse of an Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) system for ≥ 3 months and willingness to maintain it during the study\n\nAt least 1 diabetology follow-up visit in the last 12 months (including telemedicine)\n\nWillingness to purchase meal replacements for the entire study duration\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nKetoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia with seizures\u002Fcoma, or severe hyperglycemia requiring hospitalization in the last 6 months\n\nFebrile illness within the last 2 weeks\n\nDietary restrictions or intolerances incompatible with study food supplies\n\nCeliac disease, gastroparesis, food allergies\n\nIntense physical exercise \\>2 hours on \\>3 days per week\n\nHistory or risk of eating disorder, or other psychiatric disorders\n\nRecreational drug use or excessive alcohol consumption\n\nChronic kidney disease (eGFR \\\u003C60 ml\u002Fmin)\n\nGallstones\n\nLiver failure\n\nHeart failure (NYHA III-IV), unstable angina, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, or stroke within the last 12 months\n\nRespiratory failure\n\nSevere or active infections\n\nPlanned elective surgery\n\nRare metabolic diseases (porphyria, CPT2 deficiency, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defect, pyruvate carboxylase defect)\n\nPregnancy (current or actively trying to conceive)\n\nBreastfeeding\n\nCurrent glucocorticoid therapy (except stable low-dose, inhaled, or replacement for adrenal insufficiency)\n\nOther serious medical conditions that might interfere with participation or study completion in the investigator's judgment\n\nParticipant judged unable or unwilling to complete the study","99 Years",{"count":180,"type":21},14,[24],"Overweight and obesity are frequent in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), with prevalence exceeding 50% in recent studies. Excess weight in T1D is associated with higher cardiometabolic risk and therapeutic challenges, while effective and safe weight management strategies are still limited.\n\nThis single-center, single-arm feasibility study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT; 600-800 kcal\u002Fday) in adults with T1D and obesity treated with Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) insulin delivery systems. Participants will follow a structured 4-week program with commercial very-low-carbohydrate, high-protein meal replacements, under close medical supervision.\n\nThe primary endpoint is change in body weight at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes include body composition, muscle strength, glucose metrics, insulin requirements, biochemical parameters, and patient-reported outcomes. Safety will be assessed through hypoglycemia incidence, ketone monitoring, and occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).\n\nThe study will enroll 14 participants. It is expected that VLEKT will achieve \\~5% weight loss within one month while maintaining glycemic safety under AHCL technology.",[184,185],"Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)","Obesity (Disorder)",[187,188,189,190,191,192,193],"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","Obesity","Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Diet","Insulin Therapy","Weight Loss","Continuous Glucose Monitoring","Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop","2025-09-24",{"date":196,"type":41},"2025-09-29",{"date":198,"type":41},"2025-01-16",{"date":200,"type":21},"2026-03-01",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":203,"slug":204,"hasResults":11,"nctId":205,"briefTitle":206,"officialTitle":207,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":208,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":209,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":210,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":212,"phases":4,"briefSummary":213,"conditions":214,"keywords":217,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":221,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":222,"startDateStruct":224,"completionDateStruct":226,"leadSponsor":228,"locationsCount":49},"100509083","relationship-between-glycemic-control-and-irisin-in-type-2-diabetic-patients-with-sarcopenic-or-non-sarcopenic-obesity-100509083","NCT05908812","Relationship Between Glycemic Control and Irisin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Sarcopenic or Non-sarcopenic Obesity","Relationship Between Parameters of Glycemic Control and Irisin Levels in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Sarcopenic Obesity or Non-sarcopenic Obesity","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diabetes mellitus type 2 diagnosed less than 10 years before\n* age \\>60 years\n* BMI (Body Mass Index) \\>30 kg\u002Fm2\n* eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) \\>30 ml\u002Fmin\n* On stable antidiabetic therapy for at least 3 months\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Insulin or insulin secretagogues use\n* Diabetes mellitus type 1, previous diabetic ketoacidosis\n* Neuromuscular diseases\n* Endocrinopathies that may cause myopathies (hypercortisolism, GH \\[growth hormone\\] deficiency, acromegaly, adrenal insufficiency, partial hypopituitarism or panhypopituitarism, male hypogonadism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism)\n* Severe vit. D deficiency (\\\u003C12 ng\u002Fml)\n* Hemoglobinopathies\n* Prolonged immobilization\n* Pathologies with fluid retention (heart failure with NYHA \\[New York Heart Association\\] class III\u002FIV, severe renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency)\n* Active tumors in the past 5 years\n* Severe arthritis of the knee or hip\n* Pacemaker wearer","60 Years",{"count":211,"type":21},120,"OBSERVATIONAL","The goal of this observational study is to compare glycemic control and irisin levels in subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 with sarcopenic obesity vs non-sarcopenic obesity.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nIs glycemic control worse in diabetic patients with sarcopenic obesity? Are irisin levels higher in patients with non-sarcopenic obesity?\n\nParticipants will be asked to:\n\n* Fill in three questionaries on lifestyle\n* Perform two physical performance tests\n\nThe investigators will collect the following data:\n\n* Anthropometric measurements\n* Body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis.\n* Results of routine blood analyses\n* Irisin levels by drawing a vial of blood from the antecubital vein",[215,188,216],"Sarcopenia","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",[218,219,220],"Irisin protein","Hand Strength [E01.370.600.425.500]","Glycated Hemoglobin [D23.946.381.625.500.250]","2024-07-31",{"date":223,"type":41},"2024-08-01",{"date":225,"type":41},"2023-02-01",{"date":227,"type":21},"2025-01-31",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":230,"slug":231,"hasResults":11,"nctId":232,"briefTitle":233,"officialTitle":234,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":235,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":236,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":238,"briefSummary":239,"conditions":240,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":242,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":243,"startDateStruct":245,"completionDateStruct":247,"leadSponsor":249,"locationsCount":49},"100390191","randomized-clinical-trial-on-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-incremental-hemodialysis-real-life-100390191","NCT04360694","RandomizEd ClinicAL triaL on the Efficacy and saFety of Incremental Hemodialysis (REAL-LIFE)","RandomizEd ClinicAL triaL on the Efficacy and saFety of Incremental Hemodialysis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged \\> 18 years\n* Start of maintenance hemodialysis treatment due to advanced CKD stage 5D\n* Patients who are about to start HD or have already started HD within a period of ≤ 2 weeks\n* Glomerular filtration rate \\\u003C= 10 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2, as estimated by means of CKD-EPI formula.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C 18 years\n* Acute kidney injury or acute on chronic kidney injury\n* eGFR higher than 10 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2\n* UO \\\u003C 600 mL\u002Fday\n* Already treated with other replacement therapies (peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplant)\n* Unable or unwilling to give informed consent.\n* Unable to comply with trial procedures, e.g., collection of UO.\n* Likely survival prognosis or planned modality or centre transfer \\\u003C 6 months.\n* Patients who are in the waiting list for a living kidney transplant\n* Associated diseases: active neoplastic disease; refractory congestive heart failure (type IV NYHA, ejection fraction ≤ 30%) requiring high ultrafiltration volumes per session.",{"count":237,"type":21},190,[24],"Background: The thrice-weekly hemodialysis (HD) regimen is widely accepted as a standard prescription. The concept of incremental dialysis has been established as a possible alternative for patients with preserved diuresis and end-stage renal failure in need of HD. The main problems related to prescription of incremental HD are an arbitrary use of infrequent regimens and the lack of clear standards for incorporating residual kidney function (RKF) in the assessment of HD dose. Several models have been proposed for prescription of incremental dialysis. The latest, the variable target model (VTM), gives more clinical weight to the RKF and allows less frequent HD treatments at lower RKF. Despite increasing evidence derived from observational studies to support the use of incremental HD, RCTs are lacking and, therefore, urgently needed.\n\nMethods\u002FDesign:\n\nThe Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy and the EUDIAL Working Group of the European Renal Association - European Dialysis Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) are starting a randomized clinical trial (RCT) in incident HD patients, whose name is \"REAL LIFE\", by using the acronym of its whole definition: RandomizEd clinicAL triaL on the effIcacy and saFety of incremental haEmodialysis. REAL LIFE is a pragmatic, prospective, multicentre, open label RCT, investigator-initiated, comparing the intervention arm (incremental HD) with the control arm (standard 3HD\u002Fwk). The trial, originally conceived by experts at the Division of Nephrology of the Miulli General Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy, consists in starting the HD treatment adopting the new incremental approach guided by the VTM. The primary outcome is the survival of kidney function, with the event defined as urinary output (UO) ≤ 200 mL\u002Fday, confirmed by a further collection after 2 weeks to exclude temporary illness.\n\nDiscussion: REAL LIFE will enable the investigators to know with the highest level of scientific evidence the safety and efficacy of an incremental approach to the start of HD treatment.",[241],"End Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis","2024-06-11",{"date":244,"type":41},"2024-06-12",{"date":246,"type":41},"2021-05-10",{"date":248,"type":21},"2026-12-31",{"name":47,"class":48},""]