[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Bezmialem Vakif University\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":680},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,39,0,25,[9,51,80,113,142,172,192,218,246,277,308,333,360,389,412,431,454,484,512,539,561,585,608,629,654],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":32,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":39,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":40,"startDateStruct":43,"completionDateStruct":45,"leadSponsor":47,"locationsCount":50},"100622747","synchronized-core-pelvic-floor-activation-in-urinary-incontinence-100622747",false,"NCT07387640","Synchronized Core-Pelvic Floor Activation in Urinary Incontinence","Synchronized Activation of Core and Pelvic Floor Muscles: A More Effective Strategy for Urinary Incontinence?","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged between 18 and 65 years\n* Diagnosed with stress, urge, or mixed urinary incontinence\n* Pelvic floor muscle strength grade ≥ 3 according to the Modified Oxford Scale\n* At least one episode of urinary leakage within the last month\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnancy\n* Childbirth within the previous 6 weeks\n* Severe pelvic organ prolapse\n* Active vaginal or urinary tract infection\n* Presence of neurological or psychiatric disorders\n* Malignancy\n* Inability to cooperate with assessments or interventions","FEMALE","18 Years","65 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},50,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","This study aims to investigate whether co-activation of the pelvic floor and core muscles improves treatment outcomes in individuals with urinary incontinence. Participants diagnosed with stress, or mixed urinary incontinence will undergo a 12-week pelvic floor physiotherapy program, with or without additional core muscle co-activation exercises. Changes in urinary incontinence severity, pelvic floor muscle function, core muscle activation, and quality of life will be evaluated.",[28,29,30,31],"Urinary Incontinence,Stress","Stress Urinary Incontinence","Mixed Incontinence Due to Prolapse of Female Genital Organ","Urinary Incontinence",[33,34,35,36,37],"Pelvic floor muscle training","Core stability exercises","Core Muscle Co-activation","Pelvic floor physiotherapy","Surface Electromyography","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-30",{"date":41,"type":42},"2026-07-01","ACTUAL",{"date":44,"type":22},"2026-08-30",{"date":46,"type":22},"2027-08-30",{"name":48,"class":49},"Bezmialem Vakif University","OTHER",1,{"id":52,"slug":53,"hasResults":12,"nctId":54,"briefTitle":55,"officialTitle":56,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":57,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":59,"maxAge":60,"enrollmentInfo":61,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":63,"briefSummary":64,"conditions":65,"keywords":67,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":73,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":74,"startDateStruct":76,"completionDateStruct":77,"leadSponsor":79,"locationsCount":4},"100645286","propofol-sevoflurane-induction-for-pediatric-nasotracheal-intubation-100645286","NCT07680400","Propofol-sevoflurane Induction for Pediatric Nasotracheal Intubation.","Nasotracheal Intubating Conditions With Reduced Pharmacologic Exposure After Propofol-sevoflurane Induction in Pediatric Parients: a Randomized Contolled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* elective dental surgery ASA 1-3 Age 1-10\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* anticipated difficult intubation\n* vocal cord pathology or disease\n* hoarssness","ALL","1 Year","10 Years",{"count":62,"type":22},160,[25],"Pediatric anesthesia differs significantly from adult anesthesia due to physiological differences and increased sensitivity to anesthetic agents. In surgeries requiring nasotracheal intubation, such as dental and maxillofacial procedures, achieving optimal intubation conditions while minimizing pharmacological exposure is of considerable importance. The combination of propofol and sevoflurane is frequently preferred in pediatric anesthesia because it provides rapid induction and stable hemodynamic conditions. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate nasotracheal intubation conditions following propofol-sevoflurane induction with reduced pharmacological exposure in pediatric patients. The study is expected to contribute to clinical practice by enhancing patient safety while reducing anesthetic drug use.",[66],"Intubating Conditions",[68,69,70,71,72],"intubating conditions","dental surgery","pediatric anesthesia","opioid free anesthesia","neuromuscular blocker free anesthesia","2026-06-25",{"date":75,"type":42},"2026-07-02",{"date":41,"type":22},{"date":78,"type":22},"2026-08-01",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":12,"nctId":83,"briefTitle":84,"officialTitle":85,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":86,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":87,"maxAge":88,"enrollmentInfo":89,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":91,"briefSummary":92,"conditions":93,"keywords":101,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":106,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":107,"startDateStruct":108,"completionDateStruct":110,"leadSponsor":112,"locationsCount":4},"100641553","cognitive-based-balance-rehabilitation-in-parkinsons-disease-virtual-reality-vs-dual-task-100641553","NCT07660978","Cognitive-Based Balance Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: Virtual Reality vs. Dual Task","Effects of Cognitive-Based Balance Rehabilitation on Balance, Gait and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Comparison of Virtual Reality and Dual Task","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease by a neurologist.\n* Hoehn \\& Yahr Stage I-III.\n* Aged between 40-80 years.\n* Literate and capable of performing basic mathematical calculations.\n* Montreal Cognitive Assessment≥21\n* Stable pharmacological treatment.\n* Physician's approval for exercise participation.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Currently participating in another exercise or drug trial.\n* Presence of any additional neurological disorders.\n* Significant musculoskeletal disorders, arthritis, or cardiovascular disease.\n* Uncontrolled epilepsy or severe orthostatic hypotension.\n* Engaged in regular moderate-intensity exercise more than once a week in the last 6 months.","40 Years","80 Years",{"count":90,"type":22},34,[25],"This prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of cognitive-based balance rehabilitation delivered via immersive Virtual Reality (VR) versus traditional Dual-Task Training (DTT) on balance, gait, cognitive functions, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Postural instability and cognitive decline are hallmark features of progressive PD that significantly elevate fall risks and compromise daily independence, yet conventional pharmacological therapies offer limited effectiveness in restoring complex postural control. Given that motor and cognitive processes are intrinsically linked, this study addresses a critical gap in neurorehabilitation by investigating two contemporary modalities designed to challenge these systems simultaneously. A total of 34 participants diagnosed with PD (aged 40-80 years, Hoehn and Yahr stages I-III) will be randomly allocated to either the Dual-Task Group (DTG), receiving structured therapeutic exercises integrated with sequential cognitive tasks, or the Virtual Reality Group (VRG), engaging in an immersive balance program utilizing the Oculus Quest 2® headset with the FIT-XR application. Both groups will undergo an identical intervention protocol consisting of 45-minute supervised sessions, conducted twice weekly for 8 consecutive weeks during their pharmacological \"on\" phase. Standardized assessments will be performed by a blinded clinician at baseline and post-intervention (Week 8). The primary outcome measures will be dynamic balance and gait assessed through the Mini-Balance Evaluations Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) alongside global cognitive performance measured via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Secondary outcomes will encompass objective posturographic indices using the Biodex Balance System, motor severity via the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III), freezing of gait, health-related quality of life, global perceived improvement, and potential cyber-sickness symptoms monitored through the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) to comprehensively determine the safety and comparative therapeutic value of these interventions.",[94,95,96,97,98,99,100],"PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder)","Parkinson Disease (PD)","Parkinson s Disease","Postural Instability","Postural Instability Gait Disorders","Gait Disorders","Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive Disorder",[102,97,99,103,104,105],"Parkinson Disease","Cognitive Dysfunction","Dual Task","Virtual Reality","2026-06-23",{"date":73,"type":42},{"date":109,"type":22},"2026-06-20",{"date":111,"type":22},"2027-12-30",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":114,"slug":115,"hasResults":12,"nctId":116,"briefTitle":117,"officialTitle":118,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":119,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":120,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":122,"briefSummary":123,"conditions":124,"keywords":126,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":135,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":136,"startDateStruct":138,"completionDateStruct":139,"leadSponsor":141,"locationsCount":4},"100643119","telerehabilitation-versus-face-to-face-lsvt-big-in-individuals-with-parkinson-disease-100643119","NCT07630792","Telerehabilitation Versus Face-to-Face LSVT BIG in Individuals With Parkinson Disease","The Effects of Telerehabilitation and Face-to-Face LSVT BIG Method on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals With Parkinson Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease\n* Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3\n* Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥ 21\n* Ability to use a smartphone, tablet, or computer\n* Access to internet connection and basic digital literacy\n* Participation in activities outside the home at least 3 days per week\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of a neurological condition other than idiopathic Parkinson's disease\n* Change in antiparkinsonian medication regimen during the study period\n* History of deep brain stimulation\n* Visual or hearing impairment that would prevent participation in treatment or assessments\n* Severe cardiovascular, orthopedic, pulmonary, or systemic comorbidity contraindicating exercise\n* Diagnosis of severe depression, psychotic disorder, or uncontrolled psychiatric illness\n* Participation in another structured physiotherapy or rehabilitation program for\n* Parkinson's disease within the last three months",{"count":121,"type":22},40,[25],"This prospective, randomized controlled trial will enroll 40 individuals with idiopathic PD (Hoehn \\& Yahr stages 1-3, MoCA ≥21). Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a telerehabilitation LSVT BIG group or a face-to-face LSVT BIG group, with randomization stratified by Hoehn \\& Yahr stage using a computer-based block randomization system. Both groups will receive the standard LSVT BIG® protocol consisting of 16 sessions over four weeks (4 days\u002Fweek, 1 hour\u002Fsession). Treatment content will include maximal daily exercises, functional component tasks, \"big\" gait training, and individually tailored hierarchy tasks. The telerehabilitation group will receive all sessions via synchronous video conferencing under physiotherapist supervision, while the face-to-face group will receive sessions in a clinical setting. Both groups will be assigned home exercise programs in accordance with the LSVT BIG® protocol, and treatment adherence will be monitored throughout the study.\n\nOutcomes will be assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. Primary outcomes include postural stability and fall risk assessed with the Biodex Balance System (anterior-posterior stability index, mediolateral stability index, general stability index, fall risk index, limits of stability) and motor and non-motor symptom severity assessed with the MDS-UPDRS (Parts I, II, and III). Secondary outcomes include dynamic balance (Mini-BESTest), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go Test, 10-Meter Walk Test), quality of life (PDQ-39), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), sleep quality (Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale), fatigue (Parkinson Fatigue Scale), cognitive function (MoCA), and treatment satisfaction (Global Rating of Change Scale).",[94,125,102],"Parkinson Disease (PD), Postural Balance",[102,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134],"LSVT BIG","Telerehabilitation","Motor Symptoms","Non-Motor Symptoms","Balance","Neuroplasticity","Randomized Controlled Trial","Physical Therapy","2026-06-09",{"date":137,"type":42},"2026-06-11",{"date":109,"type":22},{"date":140,"type":22},"2028-06-30",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":143,"slug":144,"hasResults":12,"nctId":145,"briefTitle":146,"officialTitle":147,"acronym":148,"eligibilityCriteria":149,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":60,"maxAge":150,"enrollmentInfo":151,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":153,"briefSummary":154,"conditions":155,"keywords":157,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":164,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":165,"startDateStruct":167,"completionDateStruct":169,"leadSponsor":171,"locationsCount":50},"100638953","vr-vs-treadmill-exercise-in-children-with-asthma-100638953","NCT07610447","VR vs Treadmill Exercise in Children With Asthma","Comparison of Treadmill and Virtual Reality-Based Aerobic Exercise Programs in Children With Asthma","VR-ASTHMA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children and adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years\n* Physician-diagnosed asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria\n* Stable medical treatment for asthma\n* Ability to participate in an aerobic exercise program\n* Willingness of the participant and parent\u002Flegal guardian to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular, or systemic conditions limiting participation in exercise\n* Contraindications to virtual reality use (e.g., epilepsy, photosensitivity)\n* Participation in a structured exercise program within the previous month\n* Asthma exacerbation within the previous month\n* Obesity diagnosis","17 Years",{"count":152,"type":22},30,[25],"This study aims to compare the effects of virtual reality-based aerobic exercise and treadmill-based aerobic exercise on functional capacity, pulmonary function, and clinical outcomes in children with asthma. Participants aged 10-17 years with physician-diagnosed asthma will be randomly assigned to either a virtual reality-based exercise group or a treadmill exercise group. Both groups will undergo supervised exercise training sessions twice a week for 8 weeks. Primary outcome will be the 6-Minute Walk Test. Secondary outcomes include pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, asthma control, quality of life, and exercise adherence.",[156],"Asthma (Diagnosis)",[105,158,159,160,161,162],"Asthma","Aerobic Exercise","Pediatric Pulmonology","Exercise Training","Treadmill","RECRUITING","2026-05-22",{"date":166,"type":42},"2026-05-28",{"date":168,"type":22},"2026-05-25",{"date":170,"type":22},"2027-05-10",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":173,"slug":174,"hasResults":12,"nctId":175,"briefTitle":176,"officialTitle":177,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":178,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":179,"enrollmentInfo":180,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":181,"briefSummary":182,"conditions":183,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":185,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":186,"startDateStruct":188,"completionDateStruct":190,"leadSponsor":191,"locationsCount":50},"100635070","clinical-performance-of-bioactive-bulk-fill-in-class-ii-restorations-100635070","NCT07547904","Clinical Performance of Bioactive Bulk-Fill in Class II Restorations","Clinical Performance of a Bioactive Bulk-Fill Composite in Class II Restorations: A Prospective Split-Mouth Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged between 18 and 50 years\n* Patients requiring at least two comparable Class II restorations in posterior teeth\n* Good general and oral health\n* Ability to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with systemic diseases affecting oral health\n* Pregnant or lactating women\n* Poor oral hygiene or high caries risk\n* Teeth with pulp involvement or periapical pathology\n* History of allergy to dental materials used in the study","50 Years",{"count":90,"type":22},[25],"This prospective split-mouth clinical study aims to compare the clinical performance of a bioactive bulk-fill composite with a conventional microhybrid composite in Class II posterior restorations. In each participant, two comparable Class II cavities will be treated using different restorative approaches. In the experimental condition, a bioactive bulk-fill composite (Activa BioACTIVE Bulk Flow) will be placed at the gingival base and covered with a microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250). In the control condition, restorations will be completed entirely with the microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250).\n\nClinical performance will be evaluated according to FDI World Dental Federation criteria at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Primary outcomes include marginal adaptation, retention, and overall clinical success of the restorations. Secondary outcomes include surface properties and marginal staining.\n\nThe split-mouth design allows direct intra-individual comparison, thereby minimizing inter-individual variability and increasing the reliability of the findings. The results of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of bioactive bulk-fill composites in improving the clinical performance of posterior restorations.",[184],"Dental Caries","2026-04-17",{"date":187,"type":42},"2026-04-23",{"date":189,"type":42},"2026-02-05",{"date":46,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":193,"slug":194,"hasResults":12,"nctId":195,"briefTitle":196,"officialTitle":197,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":198,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":199,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":201,"briefSummary":202,"conditions":203,"keywords":206,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":210,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":211,"startDateStruct":213,"completionDateStruct":215,"leadSponsor":217,"locationsCount":50},"100633347","nigella-sativa-oil-for-eczematous-otitis-externa-100633347","NCT07525505","Nigella Sativa Oil for Eczematous Otitis Externa","Efficacy of Nigella Sativa Oil in Eczematous Otitis Externa: A Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients aged 18 years and older\n* Clinical diagnosis of eczematous otitis externa confirmed by otoscopic examination\n* Presence of at least one symptom related to the affected ear (itching, discomfort, otorrhea, or pain)\n* Willingness to participate and ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to Nigella sativa oil or mometasone furoate\n* Use of topical or systemic corticosteroids or other ear medications within a defined period prior to enrollment\n* Presence of acute otitis externa of infectious origin requiring antibiotic treatment\n* History of ear surgery or structural abnormalities of the external auditory canal\n* Severe systemic disease or condition that may interfere with study participation\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding women",{"count":200,"type":22},85,[25],"Eczematous otitis externa is a common inflammatory condition of the external auditory canal characterized by itching, discomfort, discharge, and pain. Topical corticosteroids are widely used for treatment; however, alternative therapies with fewer side effects are of increasing interest.\n\nThis study aims to compare the efficacy of Nigella sativa (black seed) oil and mometasone furoate ear drops in the treatment of eczematous otitis externa. Nigella sativa is a natural product with known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.\n\nIn this randomized, controlled clinical trial, adult patients with eczematous otitis externa will be assigned to receive either Nigella sativa oil or mometasone furoate ear drops for 10 days. Clinical symptoms and inflammatory findings will be evaluated at baseline and after treatment.\n\nThe objective of this study is to determine whether Nigella sativa oil is an effective and safe alternative to topical corticosteroid therapy.",[204,205],"Eczema\u002FAtopic Dermatitis","Otitis Externa",[207,208,209],"Eczematous Otitis Externa","External Ear Dermatitis","Nigella sativa oil","2026-04-16",{"date":212,"type":42},"2026-04-21",{"date":214,"type":42},"2026-01-12",{"date":216,"type":22},"2026-07",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":219,"slug":220,"hasResults":12,"nctId":221,"briefTitle":222,"officialTitle":223,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":224,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":226,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":227,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":230,"conditions":231,"keywords":234,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":238,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":239,"startDateStruct":241,"completionDateStruct":243,"leadSponsor":245,"locationsCount":4},"100621336","pulp-sensibility-and-masseter-inhibitory-reflex-in-diabetic-polyneuropathy-100621336","NCT07369297","PULP SENSIBILITY AND MASSETER INHIBITORY REFLEX IN DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY","EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL PULP SENSORY THRESHOLDS AND MASSETER INHIBITORY REFLEX RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAbility to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent.\n\nFor diabetic polyneuropathy groups:\n\n* Diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy confirmed by a neurologist\n* Neuropathy severity (mild or severe) determined by nerve conduction studies\n\nFor healthy control group:\n\n* No history of diabetes mellitus\n* No history of peripheral neuropathy or neurological disease\n\nPresence of at least one maxillary central incisor suitable for testing, defined as:\n\n* No previous root canal treatment\n* No extensive caries\n* No clinical or radiographic signs of periapical pathology\n* No periodontal disease affecting the selected tooth\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of chemotherapy, head and neck radiotherapy, or systemic conditions known to affect peripheral nerve function (other than diabetic polyneuropathy in the patient groups)\n* Presence of acute or chronic orofacial pain disorders\n* Use of medications within the last 24 hours that may affect sensory perception or nerve conduction (e.g., analgesics, sedatives, neuroactive drugs)\n* History of trauma to the maxillary central incisor or surrounding tissues\n* Extensive restorations, fractures, caries, or periodontal pathology involving the selected tooth\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding\n* Inability to tolerate study procedures or refusal to continue participation at any point",true,"25 Years",{"count":228,"type":22},108,"OBSERVATIONAL","Accurate evaluation of dental pulp health is essential to avoid unnecessary endodontic treatments. In routine dental practice, pulp sensibility is commonly assessed using electric pulp testing and thermal (cold) testing. However, these tests depend on patient perception and may be influenced by various factors such as systemic diseases, nerve damage, anxiety, trauma, or medication use.\n\nDiabetic polyneuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and may alter peripheral nerve function, potentially affecting dental pulp sensibility test responses. This clinical study aims to evaluate how the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy influences dental pulp sensibility responses and masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) parameters. The MIR is an objective neurophysiological reflex that allows quantitative assessment of trigeminal nerve function.\n\nIn this study, individuals with mild diabetic polyneuropathy, severe diabetic polyneuropathy, and healthy controls will be evaluated. All participants will undergo electric pulp testing, cold testing, and MIR measurements using standardized protocols.\n\nThe primary hypothesis of this study is that increasing severity of diabetic polyneuropathy leads to reduced dental pulp sensibility responses and altered MIR parameters compared to healthy individuals. It is further hypothesized that conventional pulp sensibility tests may produce false-negative results in patients with advanced neuropathy.\n\nThe findings of this study are expected to contribute to more accurate endodontic diagnosis and improved understanding of orofacial neurophysiological changes in diabetic patients.",[232,233],"Diabetic Polyneuropathy","Healthy Individuals (Controls)",[232,235,236,237],"Electrical Pulp Test","Cold Test","Masseter Inhibitory Reflex","2026-04-02",{"date":240,"type":42},"2026-04-03",{"date":242,"type":22},"2026-04-15",{"date":244,"type":22},"2027-01-15",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":247,"slug":248,"hasResults":12,"nctId":249,"briefTitle":250,"officialTitle":251,"acronym":252,"eligibilityCriteria":253,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":254,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":256,"briefSummary":257,"conditions":258,"keywords":264,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":269,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":270,"startDateStruct":272,"completionDateStruct":274,"leadSponsor":276,"locationsCount":50},"100631362","traction-pressure-and-rapid-muscle-release-tpr-technique-during-intramuscular-injection-effects-on-pain-and-patient-satisfaction-100631362","NCT07499687","Traction, Pressure, and Rapid Muscle Release (TPR) Technique During Intramuscular Injection: Effects on Pain and Patient Satisfaction","The Effect of the Traction, Pressure, and Rapid Muscle Release (TPR) Technique on Pain and PatientSatisfaction During Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study","TPRTDIMI","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Voluntary participation in the study\n* Ability to speak and understand Turkish\n* Being between 18 and 65 years of age\n* Having a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 30\n* No sensory impairment in the ventrogluteal muscles\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of a scar, burn, redness, hematoma, bruising, tenderness, or induration at the injection site\n* History of intramuscular injection in the ventrogluteal region within the last 15 days\n* Presence of injection-related fear\n* Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus\n* History of neuropathy\n* Presence of any hearing, visual, or speech impairment\n* Presence of a mental disability\n* Use of oral or parenteral analgesic medication before the procedure.",{"count":255,"type":22},102,[25],"This study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of the Traction, Pressure, and Rapid Muscle Release (TPR) technique, an innovative method used during intramuscular vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) injections, on patients' pain and satisfaction levels compared with the conventional injection method.",[259,260,261,262,263],"Injection Techniques","Nursing Interventions","Injection Pain Prevention","Patient Satisfaction","Intramuscular Injection",[265,266,267,268],"intramuscular injection","tpr technique","pain","satisfaction","2026-03-24",{"date":271,"type":42},"2026-03-30",{"date":273,"type":22},"2026-04-06",{"date":275,"type":22},"2026-10",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":278,"slug":279,"hasResults":12,"nctId":280,"briefTitle":281,"officialTitle":282,"acronym":283,"eligibilityCriteria":284,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":285,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":287,"briefSummary":288,"conditions":289,"keywords":295,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":300,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":301,"startDateStruct":303,"completionDateStruct":305,"leadSponsor":307,"locationsCount":50},"100627756","stress-ball-use-during-cataract-surgery-effects-on-pain-fear-and-satisfaction-100627756","NCT07452770","Stress Ball Use During Cataract Surgery: Effects on Pain, Fear and Satisfaction","The Effect of Stress Ball Use on Patients' Pain, Fear and Satisfication\" During Cataract Surgery","SBUDCS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals aged 18 years or older,\n* Without hearing or cognitive impairments,\n* Without any neurological conditions that would prevent squeezing a stress ball,\n* Without any physical limitations in the hands or arms that would prevent squeezing a stress ball,\n* Individuals undergoing cataract surgery for the first time will be included.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Under 18 years of age,\n* Change in anesthesia type during surgery (from topical anesthesia to general anesthesia)\n* Patients scheduled for cataract surgery under general anesthesia,\n* Patients with psychiatric disorders,\n* Patients diagnosed with uncontrolled hypertension,\n* Patients who used any analgesic or anxiolytic prior to surgery will not be included in the study.",{"count":286,"type":22},60,[25],"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stress ball use during cataract surgery on patients' pain, fear, and satisfaction levels.",[290,291,292,293,294],"Pain","Fear","Stress Ball","Nursing","Cataract Surgery",[296,297,298,299,268],"pain management","Surgical fear","nursing","cataract surgery","2026-03-05",{"date":302,"type":42},"2026-03-06",{"date":304,"type":42},"2025-09-01",{"date":306,"type":22},"2026-05-15",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":309,"slug":310,"hasResults":12,"nctId":311,"briefTitle":312,"officialTitle":313,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":314,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":315,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":317,"briefSummary":318,"conditions":319,"keywords":322,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":325,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":326,"startDateStruct":328,"completionDateStruct":330,"leadSponsor":332,"locationsCount":4},"100627013","comparison-of-virtual-reality-based-and-routine-preoperative-education-on-surgical-anxiety-and-salivary-cortisol-100627013","NCT07443111","Comparison of Virtual Reality-Based and Routine Preoperative Education on Surgical Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol","Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Preoperative Education on Surgical Anxiety Using Psychometric Measures and Salivary Cortisol: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAge between 18 and 65 years\n\nHospitalized patients scheduled for elective lumbar disc herniation surgery in the preoperative period\n\nAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III\n\nAble to read and understand Turkish and be literate\n\nSufficient cognitive capacity to understand the informed consent form (no advanced dementia, severe aphasia, impaired consciousness, or neurological\u002Fpsychiatric condition interfering with communication)\n\nWilling to complete the State Anxiety Inventory - State form (STAI-S) for surgical anxiety assessment and to provide a saliva sample using a non-invasive method\n\nNo severe visual impairment that would prevent the use of a virtual reality headset (visual impairments correctable with glasses or contact lenses are acceptable)\n\nProvision of written and verbal informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nPresence of an emergency or urgent neurosurgical indication (e.g., traumatic acute subdural hematoma, acute intracranial hemorrhage with herniation signs)\n\nHistory of diagnosed epilepsy, particularly photosensitive epilepsy\n\nSevere cognitive impairment, severe aphasia, lack of cooperation, or altered level of consciousness\n\nHistory of psychiatric hospitalization within the last 6 months due to severe psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, or severe major depressive disorder\n\nChronic systemic steroid use or endocrine disorders significantly affecting adrenal cortex function (e.g., Cushing syndrome, Addison's disease)\n\nUntreated severe thyroid disease that may affect cortisol metabolism\n\nHistory of severe vertigo or vestibular disorders with prior intolerance to VR-like visual stimuli\n\nSevere visual impairment not correctable with glasses or contact lenses that would prevent adequate perception of VR content\n\nInability to complete the VR session due to nausea, dizziness, or similar symptoms during headset use (in such cases, the intervention will be discontinued and the participant will be withdrawn from the study)\n\nSevere oral lesions, active serious oral infection, or significant salivary gland pathology interfering with saliva sampling\n\nKnown pregnancy or suspected pregnancy\n\nParticipation in another randomized controlled trial or VR-based intervention within the last 3 months\n\nWithdrawal of consent during the study or cancellation\u002Fpostponement of the scheduled surgical procedure",{"count":316,"type":22},56,[25],"This randomized controlled pilot study aims to compare the effects of virtual reality-based preoperative education and routine preoperative education on surgical anxiety in patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery. In addition to evaluating psychological outcomes, the study will also compare psychometric anxiety assessments with a biological stress marker, salivary cortisol, to examine the relationship between subjective and physiological stress responses.\n\nPreoperative anxiety is common among surgical patients and may negatively influence both emotional well-being and physiological stress regulation. Virtual reality-based education may provide a more immersive and engaging learning experience compared to routine education, potentially reducing anxiety levels.\n\nParticipants will be randomly assigned to either a virtual reality-based education group or a routine preoperative education group. Surgical anxiety will be assessed using validated psychometric measurement tools, and physiological stress response will be evaluated through salivary cortisol analysis. The study will further explore the concordance between psychometric findings and biological stress indicators.\n\nThe results may contribute to the development of innovative, evidence-based nursing interventions and provide insight into the relationship between psychological and biological indicators of preoperative anxiety.",[320,321],"Lumbar Disc Herniation","Preoperative Anxiety",[105,320,321,323,133,324],"Salivary Cortisol","Nursing Intervention","2026-02-25",{"date":327,"type":42},"2026-03-02",{"date":329,"type":22},"2026-02-27",{"date":331,"type":22},"2026-05-27",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":334,"slug":335,"hasResults":12,"nctId":336,"briefTitle":337,"officialTitle":338,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":339,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":340,"maxAge":341,"enrollmentInfo":342,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":344,"conditions":345,"keywords":350,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":354,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":355,"startDateStruct":356,"completionDateStruct":358,"leadSponsor":359,"locationsCount":50},"100626281","association-between-child-and-parental-stress-and-bruxism-in-children-aged-8-11-years-100626281","NCT07433595","Association Between Child and Parental Stress and Bruxism in Children Aged 8-11 Years","A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study on the Association Between Child and Parental Stress and Bruxism in Children Aged 8-11 Years","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nChildren aged 8-11 years Mixed or permanent dentition Presentation to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry For bruxism group: clinically diagnosed bruxism For control group: absence of clinical signs of bruxism Written informed consent obtained from parent\u002Flegal guardian\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nAbsence of signed informed consent Presence of chronic or systemic diseases","8 Years","11 Years",{"count":343,"type":22},100,"This prospective observational case-control study aims to evaluate the association between perceived stress levels in children and their parents and the presence of clinically diagnosed bruxism in children aged 8-11 years. Children with bruxism and age-matched controls will be recruited from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Child perceived stress, parental perceived stress, parenting-related stress, and parental awareness of child stress\u002Fanxiety will be assessed using validated questionnaires. Associations between stress-related measures and bruxism status will be analyzed.",[346,347,348,349],"Bruxism","Stress","Parent Stress","Parent and Child Stress",[351,352,346,353],"Child stress","Parenting stress","Parental and child stress","2026-02-20",{"date":325,"type":42},{"date":357,"type":22},"2026-03-01",{"date":242,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":361,"slug":4,"hasResults":12,"nctId":362,"briefTitle":363,"officialTitle":364,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":365,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":366,"maxAge":367,"enrollmentInfo":368,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":370,"briefSummary":371,"conditions":372,"keywords":375,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":381,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":382,"startDateStruct":384,"completionDateStruct":386,"leadSponsor":388,"locationsCount":50},"100624821","NCT07414615","Aerobic Training in Lower Extremity Lymphedema","The Effect of Aerobic Training on Gait, Postural Control, Lower Extremity Muscle Strength and Functionality in Patients With Lower Extremity Lymphedema","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged between 20 and 60 years\n* Diagnosed with bilateral lower extremity lymphedema\n* Completion of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other oncological treatments, with no oncological contraindication to participation\n* Signed written informed consent\n* Willingness to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of uncontrolled cardiac or pulmonary disease\n* Presence of renal insufficiency\n* Presence of musculoskeletal or neurological disorders affecting mobility or balance\n* Presence of systemic or local infection in the lower extremity\n* Impaired independent ambulation or use of assistive walking devices\n* Pregnancy\n* Presence of visual, cognitive, or intellectual impairment that may interfere with participation in assessment or intervention procedures","20 Years","60 Years",{"count":369,"type":22},24,[25],"This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training on gait, postural control, lower extremity muscle strength, and functional status in individuals with bilateral lower extremity lymphedema. A total of 24 participants aged between 20 and 60 years with a diagnosis of bilateral lower extremity lymphedema will be randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group or a control group. The aerobic exercise group will receive aerobic exercise training in addition to Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT), while the control group will receive CDT alone.\n\nLower extremity edema will be assessed using circumferential measurements taken from the ankle to the inguinal region. Gait function will be evaluated through angular and spatiotemporal analysis using Kinovea software, including parameters such as step length, walking speed, and double support time. Postural control will be assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and the Timed Up and Go Test. Lower extremity muscle strength and endurance will be evaluated using Manual Muscle Testing and the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test. Functional status of the lower extremities will be assessed using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).",[373,374],"Lymphedema","Lymphedema Lower Extremity",[373,376,377,378,379,380],"Lower Extremity","Gait","Postural Control","Muscle Strength","Functionality","2026-02-17",{"date":383,"type":42},"2026-02-19",{"date":385,"type":42},"2026-02-16",{"date":387,"type":22},"2026-04-10",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":390,"slug":391,"hasResults":12,"nctId":392,"briefTitle":393,"officialTitle":393,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":394,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":395,"enrollmentInfo":396,"targetDuration":398,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":399,"conditions":400,"keywords":403,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":381,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":407,"startDateStruct":408,"completionDateStruct":410,"leadSponsor":411,"locationsCount":50},"100621272","determinant-factors-in-excessive-gestational-weight-gain-physical-activity-nutritional-status-and-anxiety-100621272","NCT07368465","Determinant Factors in Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Physical Activity, Nutritional Status, and Anxiety","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Being in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy\n* Being between 18 and 45 years old\n* Having the intellectual capacity to understand and respond to what is read.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* High-risk pregnancy\n* Multiple pregnancy\n* Having a chronic disease such as a systemic, neurological, orthopedic, etc.","45 Years",{"count":397,"type":22},150,"1 Day","This study aims to identify which of the following factors-physical activity level, nutritional status, or pregnancy-related anxiety-has the strongest influence on excessive gestational weight gain. Pregnant women in their third trimester who are being followed at Gebze Fatih State Hospital and meet the inclusion criteria will be referred to the Exercise Therapy Laboratory of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakıf University. After being informed about the study and providing written informed consent, participants will undergo a face-to-face assessment. Data will be collected prospectively using a demographic information form, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), a nutritional status assessment form, and a pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire.",[401,402],"Pregnancy","Excessive Gestational Weight Gain",[404,405,406],"physical activity","nutritional status","anxiety",{"date":383,"type":42},{"date":409,"type":42},"2026-01-02",{"date":78,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":413,"slug":4,"hasResults":12,"nctId":414,"briefTitle":415,"officialTitle":415,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":416,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":417,"maxAge":418,"enrollmentInfo":419,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":420,"conditions":421,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":426,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":427,"startDateStruct":428,"completionDateStruct":429,"leadSponsor":430,"locationsCount":4},"100625339","NCT07421349","Comparison of Pulmonary Functions and Respiratory Muscle Strength Between Children With Hearing Impairment and Healthy Peers","Inclusion Criteria For Children With Hearing Loss Group:\n\n* Aged between 7 and 16 years\n* Diagnosed with hearing loss\n* No neurological or orthopedic disorders\n* No syndrome and\u002For disease causing intellectual disability, developmental disorder, or visual impairment\n* No use of medication affecting respiratory function within the last 3 months\n* Written informed consent obtained from parent or legal guardian\n\nFor Healthy Control Group:\n\n* Aged between 7 and 16 years\n* No hearing impairment\n* No neurological or orthopedic disorders\n* No syndrome and\u002For disease causing intellectual disability, developmental disorder, or visual impairment\n* No use of medication affecting respiratory function within the last 3 months\n* Written informed consent obtained from parent or legal guardian\n\nExclusion Criteria (Both Groups)\n\n* Intellectual disability preventing participation in assessment procedures\n* Presence of chronic respiratory disease\n* Inability to perform pulmonary function or respiratory muscle strength tests properly","7 Years","16 Years",{"count":152,"type":22},"This study aims to compare pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength between children with hearing impairment and their healthy peers. Hearing plays a critical role not only in communication but also in cognitive, sensory, and psychomotor development. Children with hearing impairment may experience balance and coordination problems, vestibular dysfunction, and reduced muscle strength, which may negatively affect respiratory function.\n\nAlthough several studies have evaluated pulmonary function in children with hearing impairment, research investigating respiratory muscle strength in this population is limited. To our knowledge, no peer-reviewed study has directly compared respiratory muscle strength between children with hearing impairment and healthy controls.\n\nThis study will compare spirometric parameters and respiratory muscle strength measurements between children with hearing impairment and age-matched healthy controls.",[422,423,424,425],"Hearing Loss, Bilateral Sensorineural","Pulmonary Function","Respiratory Muscle Strength","Children","2026-02-12",{"date":383,"type":42},{"date":354,"type":22},{"date":271,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":432,"slug":433,"hasResults":12,"nctId":434,"briefTitle":435,"officialTitle":436,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":437,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":87,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":438,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":440,"conditions":441,"keywords":443,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":447,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":448,"startDateStruct":449,"completionDateStruct":451,"leadSponsor":453,"locationsCount":50},"100622951","assessment-of-cognitive-function-and-functional-performance-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-100622951","NCT07390292","Assessment of Cognitive Function and Functional Performance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","The Effect of Cognitive Functions on Functional Capacity, Balance, Fear of Falling and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Being between 40 and 65 years of age\n* Having an HbA1c level between 6.5 and 11\n* Having been diagnosed with diabetes for at least 1 year\n* Scoring 24 or higher on the Mini-Mental State Examination\n* Being able to walk independently without assistance\n* Having provided voluntary participation and signed written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Having a diagnosis of any neurological or psychiatric disorder (e.g., hemiplegia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease)\n* Having uncontrolled hypertension and\u002For uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia\n* Having vertigo or other vestibular system disorders\n* Having major musculoskeletal disorders\n* Having undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or having a cardiac pacemaker\n* Being pregnant\n* Being unable to read or write in Turkish",{"count":439,"type":22},80,"Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is becoming a growing public health problem worldwide, affecting people's lives in many ways. It is characterized by impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism associated with insufficient insulin secretion and\u002For reduced sensitivity to the metabolic effects of insulin.Along with diabetes, many complications may develop in affected individuals. Cognitive impairments are now also considered an important and common complication of diabetes.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive function levels on functional capacity, balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes.In this context, participants' cognitive function levels will be assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Stroop Test. Functional capacity will be evaluated using the 6-Minute Walk Test. Balance performance will be assessed using the Biodex Balance System and the Four Square Step Test. Lower extremity muscle strength will be measured using a digital hand-held dynamometer and the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test. Fear of falling will be evaluated using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the Functional Reach Test, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Participants' quality of life will be assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life questionnaire.",[442],"Type 2 Diabetes",[444,445,131,446],"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","Cognitive Function","Functional Capacity","2026-02-02",{"date":189,"type":42},{"date":450,"type":22},"2026-02",{"date":452,"type":22},"2026-05",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":455,"slug":456,"hasResults":12,"nctId":457,"briefTitle":458,"officialTitle":459,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":460,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":461,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":462,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":464,"conditions":465,"keywords":470,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":476,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":477,"startDateStruct":479,"completionDateStruct":481,"leadSponsor":483,"locationsCount":50},"100605456","assesment-of-ethnic-bias-in-an-artificial-intelligence-based-orthodontic-diagnosis-system-100605456","NCT07162753","Assesment of Ethnic Bias in an Artificial Intelligence Based Orthodontic Diagnosis System","Detection of Racial Bias in an Artificial Intelligence Based Orthodontic Diagnosis System","* Patients with lateral profile photographs taken before starting orthodontic treatment\n* Profile photographs with a plain background\n* Patient in natural head position facing forward\n* No beard or mustache that could camouflage the profile\n* Availability of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before treatment together with the profile photograph\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Blurry missing or non standard profile photographs\n* Presence of beard mustache scars cleft lip palate or soft tissue deformities that may significantly affect facial appearance\n* Previous orthodontic treatment history","4 Years",{"count":463,"type":22},5000,"This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in orthodontics, which is the area of dentistry that focuses on correcting jaw and bite problems. AI is a computer technology that can learn from large amounts of data and then make predictions or decisions. It is already being tested in medicine and dentistry to help doctors and dentists diagnose conditions.\n\nFor this study, the AI system was trained using photographs and X-rays from patients in Turkey. The system learned to recognize specific orthodontic skeletal malocclusions. After the training stage, the AI was tested in two groups: one group included Turkish patients whose records were not used in training, and the other group included patients from different ethnic backgrounds who were treated at a clinic in Belgium. This design allows researchers to see if the AI works equally well for people of different backgrounds.\n\nOnly photographs and X-rays taken before orthodontic treatment are used in the study, and all data are anonymized so that no personal information is shared. The images must meet certain quality standards. For example the head must be in natural position, with no beards, scars, or previous orthodontic treatment that might affect the image. Patients who do not meet these criteria are not included.\n\nThe AI program analyzes the profile photographs, prepares them for evaluation by adjusting and standardizing the images, and then tries to decide each patient has which malocclusion. The results from Turkish patients and patients from other ethnic groups are compared to see if the system makes fair and accurate decisions for everyone.\n\nThe purpose of this study is not to test a new treatment, but to understand how well AI can recognize orthodontic problems in different populations. This information is important because AI systems are increasingly being used in healthcare, and they need to be fair and accurate for all patients, not just those from one group.\n\nBy participating, patients help researchers learn whether AI in orthodontics is reliable across diverse communities. This knowledge can guide future improvements in AI technology, ensuring that it supports orthodontists in providing safe, equal, and effective care for everyone.",[466,467,468,469],"Class I Malocclusion","Class II Div 1 Malocclusion","Class II Division 2 Malocclusion","Class III Malocclusion",[471,472,473,474,475],"Artificial Intelligence","Deep Learning","Ethnic Bias","Machine Learning","Orthodontics","2025-11-28",{"date":478,"type":42},"2025-12-05",{"date":480,"type":42},"2025-01-06",{"date":482,"type":22},"2026-08-11",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":485,"slug":486,"hasResults":12,"nctId":487,"briefTitle":488,"officialTitle":489,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":490,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":491,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":493,"briefSummary":494,"conditions":495,"keywords":499,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":505,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":506,"startDateStruct":508,"completionDateStruct":510,"leadSponsor":511,"locationsCount":50},"100603986","the-effect-of-escape-room-method-in-nursing-process-teaching-100603986","NCT07143643","The Effect of Escape Room Method in Nursing Process Teaching","The Effect of Using Escape Room Method on Nursing Studentsˈ Self-Efficacy, Team Collaboration and Anxiety in Nursing Process Teaching","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n•Actively attending face-to-face education during the dates when the study will be conducted\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n•Previous training with or familiarity with the educational escape room method",{"count":492,"type":22},70,[25],"This study will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of education provided through the educational escape room method in nursing process teaching and to examine its effects on 4th-year nursing students' self-efficacy, teamwork, and anxiety.",[496,497,498],"Nursing Education","ESCAPE ROOM","Nursing Students",[500,501,502,503,504],"Escape Room Method","Self-Efficacy","Team Collaboration","Nursing process","Anxiety","2025-11-25",{"date":507,"type":42},"2025-12-02",{"date":509,"type":42},"2025-10-19",{"date":450,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":513,"slug":514,"hasResults":12,"nctId":515,"briefTitle":516,"officialTitle":517,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":518,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":519,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":520,"conditions":521,"keywords":525,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":531,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":532,"startDateStruct":534,"completionDateStruct":536,"leadSponsor":538,"locationsCount":4},"100609154","an-artificial-intelligence-model-for-intensive-care-length-of-stay-neurological-outcome-and-costs-estimation-after-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-a-cohort-study-100609154","NCT07210866","An Artificial Intelligence Model for Intensive Care Length of Stay, Neurological Outcome and Costs Estimation After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: a Cohort Study.","AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL FOR INTENSIVE CARE LENGTH OF STAY, NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME AND COSTS ESTIMATION AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION: A COHORT STUDY","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* age\\>18 years\n* successive cardiopulmonary resuscitation\n* at least 1 hour long admission to ICU after Return Of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* age \\\u003C 18 years\n* \\>80% missing data in patient records\n* patients with no ROSC",{"count":463,"type":22},"The study aims to overview patients registered to Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital Intensive Care Unit after successive cardiac arrest resuscitation from October 2010 to September 2025. The goal is to determine length of stay in reanimation, neurological clinical outcome and costs of these patients at discharge from the department. All these data is intended to be evaluated by artificial intelligence to evaluate a predictive model.",[522,523,524],"Cost Analysis","Length of ICU Stay","Neurological Outcome",[526,527,528,529,530],"machine learning","cardiopulmonary rescucitation","lenght of stay","cost analysis","neurological outcome","2025-09-30",{"date":533,"type":42},"2025-10-07",{"date":535,"type":22},"2025-10-01",{"date":537,"type":22},"2025-12-01",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":540,"slug":541,"hasResults":12,"nctId":542,"briefTitle":543,"officialTitle":544,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":545,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":546,"enrollmentInfo":547,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":549,"briefSummary":550,"conditions":551,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":553,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":554,"startDateStruct":556,"completionDateStruct":558,"leadSponsor":560,"locationsCount":50},"100606608","acute-effects-of-prolonged-walking-on-hallux-valgus-100606608","NCT07177768","Acute Effects of Prolonged Walking on Hallux Valgus","Acute Effects of Prolonged Walking on Pain, Balance and Posture in Individuals With Hallux Valgus Deformity","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nHallux Valgus Group Criteria:\n\n* Individuals aged between 18 and 55 years\n* Being diagnosed with hallux valgus\n\nControl Group Criteria:\n\n* Individuals aged between 18 and 55 years\n* Classified as grade A according to the Manchester Scale\n* Being a volunteer\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of previous foot or ankle surgery\n* Having a systemic diseases\n* Having a neurological disorders\n* Having a vestibular pathologies that may affect balance","55 Years",{"count":548,"type":22},32,[25],"Hallux valgus is a progressive foot deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe and medial displacement of the first metatarsal head. While pain is a common symptom among individuals with HV, alterations in plantar pressure distribution and impaired balance are also frequently observed. These symptoms and biomechanical changes can negatively impact posture and gait mechanics. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of prolonged walking on pain, balance, posture, and gait in individuals with hallux valgus deformity.",[552],"Hallux Valgus","2025-09-10",{"date":555,"type":42},"2025-09-17",{"date":557,"type":22},"2025-10",{"date":559,"type":22},"2026-04",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":562,"slug":563,"hasResults":12,"nctId":564,"briefTitle":565,"officialTitle":565,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":566,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":87,"maxAge":88,"enrollmentInfo":567,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":568,"conditions":569,"keywords":571,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":577,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":578,"startDateStruct":580,"completionDateStruct":582,"leadSponsor":584,"locationsCount":50},"100604375","which-tools-better-predict-fall-risk-in-parkinsons-disease-a-comparative-study-of-objective-self-reported-and-functional-balance-assessment-100604375","NCT07148700","Which Tools Better Predict Fall Risk in Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative Study of Objective, Self-Reported, and Functional Balance Assessment","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 40 and 80 years old\n* Receiving stable dopaminergic treatment\n* No other neurological disorders besides PD\n* A Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \\>24\n* Hoehn and Yahr stage between 1-3\n* Voluntarily agreed to participate in the study after receiving detailed information\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nPresence of visual, hearing impairments, cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases that could affect study outcomes\n\n* Having mental or physical impairments severe enough to hinder communication\n* Clinically unstable condition within the past month\n* Participation in a rehabilitation program within the last six months",{"count":121,"type":22},"Introduction: Falls are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting 30-90% of patients annually, with more than half experiencing recurrent falls. Identifying balance assessment tools that are both practical and predictive of fall risk is therefore essential. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fall frequency and three balance assessment tools: the Biodex Balance System (objective), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) (self-reported), and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) (functional).\n\nMethods: Patients with PD at Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3 will be included in the study. Fall data will be collected using a fall diary, while objective balance will be assessed with the Biodex Balance System, functional performance will be evaluated with the Mini-BESTest, and self-reported balance confidence will be measured with the FES-I.",[94,570,96,102,95],"Parkinson",[572,573,574,575,576],"Balance assessment","Functional test","Parkinson disease","Postural stability","Risk of falls","2025-08-28",{"date":579,"type":42},"2025-08-29",{"date":581,"type":42},"2025-05-01",{"date":583,"type":22},"2025-08-30",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":586,"slug":587,"hasResults":12,"nctId":588,"briefTitle":589,"officialTitle":589,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":590,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":591,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":592,"conditions":593,"keywords":596,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":600,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":601,"startDateStruct":603,"completionDateStruct":605,"leadSponsor":607,"locationsCount":50},"100604668","the-effect-of-body-weight-on-physical-activity-level-functional-capacity-balance-and-quality-of-life-in-individuals-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-100604668","NCT07152509","The Effect of Body Weight on Physical Activity Level, Functional Capacity, Balance, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Having a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for at least 1 year\n* Being between 18 and 65 years of age\n* Having an HbA1c value between 6.5% and 11% at the time of diagnosis\n* No cognitive or mental problems\n* Ability to walk independently\n* Willingness to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of uncontrolled cardiovascular and pulmonary disease\n* Presence of vertigo or various vestibular system disorders\n* Presence of severe neurological or respiratory disease\n* History of stroke or myocardial infarction\n* Presence of a major musculoskeletal problem\n* Presence of chronic renal failure\n* Presence of diabetic ulcer or neuropathy\n* Pregnancy\n* Presence of hemolytic or renal anemia\n* Presence of serious visual, hearing, or speech impairments leading to lack of cooperation",{"count":21,"type":22},"This study aims to investigate the effects of body weight on physical activity level, functional capacity, balance, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 50 volunteer patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited from the Internal Medicine and Nutrition outpatient clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital.\n\nParticipants will be prospectively evaluated through face-to-face interviews. Assessments will include body composition analysis (Omron Body Composition Monitor), waist-to-hip ratio, lower extremity muscle strength (Muscle Hand-Held Dynamometer), grip strength (Hand Grip Dynamometer), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), functional capacity (6-Minute Walk Test), balance (Biodex Balance System), clinical balance (Berg Balance Scale), and quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile).\n\nAll statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. With this study, we aim to comprehensively evaluate multiple parameters in individuals with T2DM and investigate their interrelationships, thereby contributing to the current body of knowledge in the literature.",[594,595,446,131],"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)","Body Mass Index",[597,598,599,404],"quality of life","type 2 diabetes mellitus","body mass index","2025-08-26",{"date":602,"type":42},"2025-09-03",{"date":604,"type":42},"2025-08-15",{"date":606,"type":22},"2025-10-15",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":609,"slug":610,"hasResults":12,"nctId":611,"briefTitle":612,"officialTitle":613,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":614,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":615,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":617,"conditions":618,"keywords":620,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":600,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":624,"startDateStruct":625,"completionDateStruct":627,"leadSponsor":628,"locationsCount":50},"100604256","functional-capacity-sleep-quality-and-cognitive-function-in-obesity-hypoventilation-syndrome-100604256","NCT07147153","Functional Capacity, Sleep Quality, and Cognitive Function in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome","Investigation of the Relationship Between Functional Capacity, Sleep Quality, and Cognitive Functions in Individuals With Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 65 years\n* Diagnosed with OHS by a pulmonologist\n* For individuals with simple obesity: BMI between 30 and 40 kg\u002Fm², Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) \\\u003C 5 on polysomnography, or STOP-Bang score \\\u003C 3\n* Ability to communicate in written and spoken Turkish\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of any additional severe respiratory disease\n* Presence of orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular, or respiratory conditions preventing exercise testing\n* For individuals with simple obesity: presence of OSAS risk factors such as severe snoring or witnessed apnea\n* Presence of any psychological or psychiatric disorder that could affect cognitive functions",{"count":616,"type":22},36,"Introduction:\n\nObesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) is defined as the coexistence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg\u002Fm²), daytime hypercapnia (PaCO₂ \\> 45 mmHg) in the absence of other causes of hypoventilation, and sleep-disordered breathing. OHS represents the most severe form of obesity-related respiratory failure and leads to serious consequences such as increased mortality rates, chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and hospitalisations due to acute or chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure.\n\nAim:\n\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate cognitive functions in individuals with OHS and to investigate the relationship between cognitive functions, sleep quality, and functional capacity. A review of the literature indicates that cognitive functions in OHS have not been sufficiently examined, and existing studies mainly focus on cognitive impairment in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, OHS may also cause cognitive deficits, and therefore, patients should be assessed from this perspective. Cognitive impairment may negatively affect participation in pulmonary rehabilitation programs and reduce the benefits gained from such programs. Moreover, psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety may also influence the success of pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, identifying cognitive impairment and its association with parameters such as functional capacity and sleep quality is of great importance. Early detection of cognitive deficits may provide positive outcomes for both patients and the healthcare system.\n\nMethods:\n\nThe study will include 18 individuals with OHS diagnosed by a pulmonologist through polysomnographic evaluation at the Department of Pulmonology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, along with 18 age- and sex-matched individuals with simple obesity (BMI \\>30 kg\u002Fm²). All participants will be evaluated at the Department of Pulmonology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Body composition will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis with the \"Tanita BC-545N Body Composition Monitor.\" Functional exercise capacity will be evaluated with the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Cognitive functions and attention will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Visual Reaction Time Test. Daytime sleepiness will be measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), while sleep quality will be evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Psychological status will be assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).\n\nStatistical analyses will be conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21.0). Arithmetic mean, standard deviation (SD), and confidence intervals (CI) will be presented in tables and figures. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be applied to assess the normality of data distribution. For comparisons between the OHS and simple obesity groups, the Independent Samples T-Test will be used for normally distributed data, while the Mann-Whitney U test will be used for non-normally distributed data. Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses will be performed to investigate the relationship between functional capacity, sleep quality, and cognitive functions.",[619],"Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)",[621,622,623],"obesity","hypoventilation syndrome","cognitive functions",{"date":577,"type":42},{"date":626,"type":42},"2025-01-01",{"date":606,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":630,"slug":631,"hasResults":12,"nctId":632,"briefTitle":633,"officialTitle":634,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":635,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":58,"minAge":18,"maxAge":636,"enrollmentInfo":637,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":639,"briefSummary":640,"conditions":641,"keywords":643,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":647,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":648,"startDateStruct":650,"completionDateStruct":651,"leadSponsor":653,"locationsCount":4},"100603219","effect-of-digital-physiotherapy-practice-on-pulmonary-function-muscle-strength-quality-of-life-after-thoracic-surgery-100603219","NCT07133672","Effect of Digital Physiotherapy Practice on Pulmonary Function, Muscle Strength, Quality of Life After Thoracic Surgery","The Effect of Digital Physiotherapy Practices on Pulmonary Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Upper Extremity Peripheral Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who underwent open thoracotomy\n* Agreement to participate in the study\n* Being between the ages of 18-75\n* Having an internet connection at home and being able to participate in video-conference sessions via desktop-laptop computers, smartphones, electronic tablets, etc.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pneumonectomy surgeries\n* Having a cardiac, orthopedic, neurological or systemic disease that would prevent exercise\n* Having mental, communication or behavioral disorders that would cause problems in understanding commands and questions or performing exercises.\n* Participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program before surgery\n* Having been hospitalized for any pulmonary disease during the study","75 Years",{"count":638,"type":22},26,[25],"Thoracic surgery is the primary intervention used in the treatment of diseases affecting the lungs, pleura, chest wall, and mediastinum. Postoperative changes occur in both lung functions and clinical symptoms due to the procedure itself and patient-related factors. After thoracic surgery, patients often experience reduced exercise tolerance and impaired respiratory functions, negatively affecting their participation in daily activities, functional levels, and quality of life. In open thoracotomies, the incision site, severed muscles, and the size of the incision can impact upper extremity and trunk functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of physiotherapy applied through digital methods on respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, upper extremity muscle strength, and quality of life in patients who have undergone thoracic surgery.",[642],"Thoracic Surgery",[644,645,646],"Physiotherapy","Thoracic surgery","Exercises","2025-08-13",{"date":649,"type":42},"2025-08-21",{"date":583,"type":22},{"date":652,"type":22},"2025-12-10",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":655,"slug":656,"hasResults":12,"nctId":657,"briefTitle":658,"officialTitle":659,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":660,"healthyVolunteers":225,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":87,"enrollmentInfo":661,"targetDuration":662,"studyType":229,"phases":4,"briefSummary":663,"conditions":664,"keywords":666,"overallStatus":163,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":673,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":674,"startDateStruct":676,"completionDateStruct":678,"leadSponsor":679,"locationsCount":50},"100597106","metabolic-profiling-of-saliva-in-pregnancy-and-periodontal-disease-100597106","NCT07054177","Metabolic Profiling of Saliva in Pregnancy and Periodontal Disease","Salivary Metabolomics of Pregnancy and Periodontal Disease Related Metabolic Pathways","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 40 years\n* No history of systemic disease or chronic infection\n* No use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs in the last 3 months\n* Non-smoker and non-alcohol user\n* Willingness to participate by signing the informed consent form\n\nAdditional Criteria for Pregnant Volunteers:\n\n* Singleton pregnancy (no multiple gestation)\n* Pregnancy progressing without complications (e.g., no diagnosis of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or threatened preterm labor)\n* Gestational age confirmed by ultrasound\n\nAdditional Criteria for Non-Pregnant Control Group:\n\n* No history of pregnancy in the past 6 months\n* Regular menstrual cycles\n* No history of hormonal disorders (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Use of anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial treatments in the past 3 months\n* Smoking or alcohol consumption\n* Body mass index (BMI) \\> 30 kg\u002Fm²\n* Presence of systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus, hyperprolactinemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, thyroid dysfunction, Cushing's syndrome, hypertension, liver or kidney dysfunction\n* Use of medications that may affect metabolic or hormonal parameters, such as oral contraceptives, steroid hormones, antihypertensives, or insulin-sensitizing drugs\n* Periodontal treatment in the past 6 months\n* Use of medications known to affect periodontal status (e.g., phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, warfarin, NSAIDs, aspirin \\> 81 mg)\n* Active infectious diseases such as hepatitis, HIV, or tuberculosis",{"count":152,"type":22},"9 Months","This study aims to better understand how pregnancy affects the health of the gums and tissues that support the teeth. During pregnancy, hormone levels (like estrogen and progesterone) increase significantly. These hormonal changes can cause many changes in the body, including in the mouth. Some pregnant women may notice that their gums become swollen, red, or bleed more easily - this is called pregnancy gingivitis. It happens more often during the second and third trimesters and usually improves after birth. Even if a pregnant person has good oral hygiene, hormonal changes may still make the gums more sensitive to plaque and bacteria. Scientists believe that these changes in gum health are linked to how the body responds to hormones, bacteria in the mouth, and changes in the immune system. To explore this further, saliva samples will be collected from:\n\n* Pregnant women during their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters\n* The same women again 6-8 weeks after giving birth\n* A group of non-pregnant, healthy women as a comparison group The investigators will use a scientific method called untargeted metabolomics to study these saliva samples. This method helps looking at small substances (called metabolites) in saliva to see if there are any patterns related to pregnancy and gum health.\n\nThe goal is to identify biological changes that happen during pregnancy and understand how they might affect the gums. This research will help improve early detection and prevention of gum problems during pregnancy in the future.",[401,665],"Gingivitis and Periodontal Diseases",[667,668,669,670,671,672],"pregnancy","gingivitis","periodontal disease","saliva","metabolomics","LC-MS\u002FMS","2025-07-18",{"date":675,"type":42},"2025-07-23",{"date":677,"type":42},"2025-06-24",{"date":559,"type":22},{"name":48,"class":49},""]