[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Kayseri Education and Research Hospital\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":72},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,2,0,[8,45],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":21,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":23,"conditions":24,"keywords":26,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":33,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":34,"startDateStruct":37,"completionDateStruct":39,"leadSponsor":41,"locationsCount":44},"100640895","pain-comparison-transrectal-vs-transperineal-prostate-biopsy-100640895",false,"NCT07577895","Pain Comparison: Transrectal vs. Transperineal Prostate Biopsy","Comparison of Anticipated and Experienced Pain Levels in Transrectal Versus Transperineal Prostate Biopsy","TRAP-PAIN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male patients aged 18 years and older Patients with clinical indication for prostate biopsy (elevated serum prostate-specific antigen \\[PSA\\] level, abnormal digital rectal examination \\[DRE\\], and\u002For suspicious lesion on multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging \\[mpMRI\\])\n* Patients undergoing prostate biopsy for the first time\n* Patients able to understand and complete the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain assessment\n* Patients who have provided written informed consent to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with a history of previous prostate biopsy\n* Patients with a previously confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer\n* Patients with active urinary tract infection or prostatitis at the time of biopsy\n* Patients with anorectal pathology that may interfere with the transrectal approach (e.g., anal stenosis, active hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissure, prior rectal surgery)\n* Patients with perineal pathology that may interfere with the transperineal approach (e.g., perineal infection, scarring, or prior surgery)\n* Patients with bleeding diathesis or those receiving anticoagulant therapy that cannot be safely discontinued before the procedure\n* Patients with known allergy or hypersensitivity to local anesthetic agents\n* Patients with chronic pain syndromes or those receiving regular analgesic or opioid treatment that may affect pain perception\n* Patients with cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, or language barriers preventing reliable use of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)\n* Patients who refuse to participate or do not provide informed consent","MALE",{"count":19,"type":20},200,"ESTIMATED","1 Day","OBSERVATIONAL","Prostate biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and is most commonly performed using either the transrectal or transperineal approach. Although both techniques offer acceptable diagnostic accuracy, the pain experienced during and after the procedure is an important factor influencing the choice of biopsy approach and overall patient comfort. Pain perception in prostate biopsy is multifactorial, depending on the biopsy route, the number of needle insertions, the local anesthesia protocol, and the innervation of the relevant anatomical structures. The aim of this prospective study is to compare anticipated (pre-procedural expected) and experienced (post-procedural actual) pain levels in patients undergoing transrectal versus transperineal prostate biopsy, using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Findings are expected to contribute to clinical decision-making regarding biopsy approach selection with a focus on patient comfort.",[25],"Prostate Cancer",[27,28,29,30,31],"prostat cancer","pain","outpatient urology","pain perception","prostate biopsy","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-05-05",{"date":35,"type":36},"2026-05-11","ACTUAL",{"date":38,"type":20},"2026-05-10",{"date":40,"type":20},"2026-08-10",{"name":42,"class":43},"Kayseri Education and Research Hospital","OTHER_GOV",1,{"id":46,"slug":47,"hasResults":11,"nctId":48,"briefTitle":49,"officialTitle":50,"acronym":51,"eligibilityCriteria":52,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":53,"minAge":54,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":55,"targetDuration":21,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":57,"conditions":58,"keywords":62,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":64,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":65,"startDateStruct":67,"completionDateStruct":69,"leadSponsor":71,"locationsCount":44},"100621824","the-impact-of-age-and-sex-on-anticipated-and-experienced-pain-in-first-time-outpatient-flexible-cystoscopy-100621824","NCT07375641","The Impact of Age and Sex on Anticipated and Experienced Pain in First-Time Outpatient Flexible Cystoscopy","The Effect of Age and Sex on Pre-procedural Anticipated Pain and Post-procedural Experienced Pain in Patients Undergoing Flexible Cystoscopy for the First Time in an Outpatient Setting","PAINCYST","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥18 years\n* Patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy for the first time under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting\n* Ability to understand the study procedures and provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Use of systemic analgesics, sedatives, or anxiolytics immediately before the procedure\n* Presence of active urinary tract infection at the time of cystoscopy\n* Presence of an indwelling urethral catheter at the time of cystoscopy","ALL","18 Years",{"count":56,"type":20},150,"Cystoscopy is a procedure frequently performed in daily urological practice for the diagnosis of various urological conditions, including bladder tumors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, recurrent cystitis, and urethral strictures. Cystoscopy can be performed either in the operating room under sedation, spinal anesthesia, or general anesthesia, or in the outpatient setting under local anesthesia. Performing cystoscopy under outpatient conditions for patients requiring the procedure for follow-up and treatment indications is important in terms of reducing the workload of operating rooms. Although cystoscopy is generally well tolerated under local anesthesia in the outpatient setting, it may cause pain and anxiety in some patients, even when a flexible cystoscope is used. This may lead to adverse outcomes, particularly in patients with bladder tumors, due to loss to follow-up. Despite the use of analgesic methods such as lidocaine-based lubricants to reduce pain and anxiety before cystoscopy, an optimal solution has not yet been achieved. Moreover, some studies have reported that the level of pain experienced during cystoscopy increases with advancing age.\n\nIn male patients, several studies have demonstrated that the most painful moment during cystoscopy occurs when the tip of the cystoscope passes through the external urinary sphincter. It has been shown that asking patients to take deep breaths or allowing them to watch cystoscopy videos while manually compressing the irrigation fluid bag during the passage of the cystoscope through the bulbar urethra, just distal to the external urinary sphincter, can reduce pain perception. Female patients tend to experience less pain due to the shorter urethral length. Various strategies have been employed to minimize pain and anxiety during the procedure, including listening to music, watching relaxing videos, or allowing patients to view their own cystoscopy recordings during the examination. Given the lack of prior cystoscopy experience, we planned this randomized prospective study to evaluate the effect of age and sex on pain perception during flexible cystoscopy. We believe that the findings of this study may be beneficial in counseling patients during cystoscopic evaluation of urological pathologies",[59,60,61],"Urethral Stricture","Bladder (Urothelial, Transitional Cell) Cancer","Benign Prostate Obstruction (BPO)",[63,29,30],"flexible cystoscopy","2026-01-22",{"date":66,"type":36},"2026-01-29",{"date":68,"type":20},"2026-02-01",{"date":70,"type":20},"2026-05-01",{"name":42,"class":43},""]