[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"PepsiCo Global R&D\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":381},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,14,0,[8,47,77,117,138,162,183,204,230,256,281,309,337,357],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":41,"leadSponsor":43,"locationsCount":46},"100641443","hydration--female-life-stages-100641443",false,"NCT07653620","Hydration & Female Life Stages","Effect of Female Life Stage on Rehydration With Water vs. an Electrolyte Solution After Overnight Fast\u002FFluid Restriction","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Sex assigned female at birth.\n\n  * Recreationally active (engaged in light to moderate-intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 30 min at a time)\n  * Age 18-60 years, within the following life stage ranges specified below:\n  * Premenopausal:\n\n    * 18-35 years\n    * Self-report regular spontaneous menstrual cycle length (21-35 days) for the past 2 menstrual cycles\n    * Menstrual cycle length \\\u003C 7 days variation in consecutive cycles\n  * Perimenopausal:\n\n    * Perimenopause: 35-55 years\n    * If tracking cycles: self reported cycle irregularity (≥7 day difference from usual cycle length) for the past 2 menstrual cycles, not due to known pathology\n    * If not tracking cycles: clinician diagnosis\n  * Postmenopausal:\n\n    * Postmenopause: 45-60 years\n    * If tracking cycles: ≥12 consecutive months of spontaneous amenorrhea not due to pregnancy, lactation, or pathology\n    * If not tracking cycles: clinician diagnosis\n  * Healthy, with no known renal, cardiovascular, metabolic, or endocrine disorders that affect hydration or fluid regulation.\n  * Not currently taking medications known to influence fluid balance (e.g., diuretics, laxatives, weight loss agents, or other relevant medications) or the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (e.g., ovulation induction agents, gonadotropins, IVF stimulation medications, or other relevant medications)\n\n    o See appendix 13.8 for list of medications, drugs, and\u002For medical conditions that may impair cognitive functioning, alter physiological responses relevant to the study outcomes, or increase the risk associated with participation.\n  * Not receive any fertility treatments within the past 6 months\n  * No hormonal contraceptives use within the past 6 months\n  * If using a paraguard copper IUD, it must be inserted for ≥ 3 months (if applicable)\n  * BMI ≤ 30 kg\u002Fm²\n  * Are not participating in a weight loss program\n  * Are not allergic to adhesives, stevia, and strawberry lime flavoring\n  * Willing to avoid strenuous activity and alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to all visits\n  * Willing to fast overnight (\\~12 hours) prior to the medical screening\n  * For visit 2 and 4:\n\n    * Willing to fast overnight (\\~12 hours)\n    * Willing to consume a minimum of 2.7 L of water 24 hours prior to visits 2 and 4, then 500 mL 2 hours before the start of the visits 2 and 4\n  * For visits 3 and 5:\n  * Willing to restrict all fluids (\\~18 hours)\n  * Willing to limit fluid consumption to 1 L the morning\u002Fafternoon prior to the start of the fluid restriction\n  * Willing to restrict food (\\~12 hours) the day prior to each visit Willing to eat a consistent diet the day prior\n  * Fluent in English (able to read, understand, and provide informed consent).\n  * Willing and able to provide informed consent to participate in the study and comply with all study procedures and scheduled visits\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Currently pregnant or breastfeeding\n\n  * \\\u003C 6 months since giving birth (even if experiencing 2 regular menstrual cycles in a row)\n  * Smoking within the last 5 years\n  * History of adverse events (e.g., fainting) with blood draws\n  * Participants with large amount of internal metal (e.g., spinal rod) will be excluded from the DXA scan only (Brandenton)\n  * Participant has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days\n  * Participant has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 3 months\n  * Participant has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his\u002Fher ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk\n  * Participant is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If participant is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.",true,"FEMALE","18 Years","60 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},72,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","Female life stages including premenopausal, perimenopausal, postmenopausal, are characterized by changing concentrations and patterns of hormones. The premenopause stage represents the reproductive years with normal menstrual cycles lasting between 21-35 days. The perimenopause stage is the beginning of the menopause transition and can last up to 10 years. During this transition, menstrual cycles become longer and irregular in length (7 days or longer). After 12 consecutive months with no period, the transition is complete into the postmenopause stage.\n\nHormones that change across the lifespan are known to influence systems that regulate thirst, fluid balance, and sodium balance. Yet, fluid balance across life stages remains poorly understood, with no direct comparisons across all three life stages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of female life stage on rehydration with water and electrolyte solution after overnight fast and fluid restriction",[28,29,30,31,32,33],"Dehydration","Menstruation","Pre-menopause","Peri-menopausal Women","Post-menopausal Women","Hydration","RECRUITING","2026-06-12",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-06-17","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":22},"2026-06",{"date":42,"type":22},"2026-12",{"name":44,"class":45},"PepsiCo Global R&D","INDUSTRY",2,{"id":48,"slug":49,"hasResults":11,"nctId":50,"briefTitle":51,"officialTitle":51,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":52,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":54,"enrollmentInfo":55,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":57,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":61,"overallStatus":67,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":68,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":69,"startDateStruct":71,"completionDateStruct":73,"leadSponsor":75,"locationsCount":76},"100639054","impact-of-crisp-hardness-and-thickness-on-eating-behaviour-100639054","NCT07592949","Impact of Crisp Hardness and Thickness on Eating Behaviour","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18 to 50 years of age\n* Regular crisp consumer (e.g. at least two to three times a month or more)\n* Provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Those who are on a restricted diet due to weight loss or maintenance purposes\n* Have abnormal eating speeds (tested via the carrot test)\n* Smoke or vape\n* Being pregnant or breastfeeding\n* Very high exercise loads that may influence appetite\n* Allergy or intolerance to any of the product ingredients","ALL","50 Years",{"count":56,"type":22},26,[25],"To analyse texturally altered crisp products that exhibit variations in hardness and thickness. The aim is to generate knowledge on how these properties influence eating behaviour (number of chews, rate of consumption, etc.), sensory and liking ratings in a fixed-portion laboratory setting. To assess whether reducing rate of consumption will maintain consumer acceptability,",[60],"Sensory",[62,63,64,65,66],"snack","crisp","chip","potato","chewing","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-05-11",{"date":70,"type":38},"2026-05-18",{"date":72,"type":22},"2026-05-13",{"date":74,"type":22},"2026-08-30",{"name":44,"class":45},1,{"id":78,"slug":79,"hasResults":11,"nctId":80,"briefTitle":81,"officialTitle":81,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":82,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":83,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":85,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":87,"briefSummary":88,"conditions":89,"keywords":93,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":109,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":110,"startDateStruct":112,"completionDateStruct":114,"leadSponsor":116,"locationsCount":76},"100636297","an-open-label-direct-to-consumer-study-assessing-the-impact-of-health-and-wellness-products-on-gi-health-and-related-health-outcomes-100636297","NCT07563855","An Open Label Direct-to-Consumer Study Assessing the Impact of Health and Wellness Products on GI Health and Related Health Outcomes","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults, at least 21-75 years of age at the time of electronic consent, inclusive of all ethnicities, races, and gender identities.\n* Assigned sex at birth will determine sex-specific recruitment and surveys (male vs female) employed, when needed\n* Resides in the United States\n* Has the opportunity for at least 30% improvement in their primary health outcome\n* One of the following:\n* Currently taking a GLP-1 for at least 3 months with no plans to stop or switch current GLP-1\n* Expressing the interest to lose weight, but not currently taking a GLP-1 in the last 6 months and with no plans to start taking a GLP-1\n* Must be willing to complete a biomarker collection (stool and blood) at 2 timepoints during the study (baseline and end of study)\n* Expresses a willingness to take the study product everyday for 4 weeks\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Report being pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or breastfeeding\n* Unable to provide a valid US shipping address and mobile phone number\n* Reports current enrollment in another clinical trial\n* Reports being a heavy drinker (defined as drinking 3 or more alcoholic beverages per day)\n* Unable to read and understand English at a 7th grade level\n* Reports enrollment, current or within in the past 30 days, in another clinical trial\n* Reports a current and\u002For recent (up to 3 months ago) major illness and\u002For surgery that poses a known, significant safety risk.\n* Reports a diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction, liver or kidney disease that presents a known contraindication and\u002For a significant safety risk with any of the study product ingredients.\n* NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, uncontrolled arrhythmias, cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, stage 3b or 4 chronic kidney disease, or kidney failure\n* Reports taking medications that have a well-established moderate or severe interaction, posing a substantial safety risk with any of the study product ingredients.\n* Anticoagulants, antihypertensives, anxiolytics, antidepressants, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, sedative hypnotics, seizure medications, medications that warn against grapefruit consumption, corticosteroids at doses greater than 5 mg per day, Diabetic medications to treat Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes , oral anti-infectives (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals) to treat an acute infection, antipsychotics, MAOIs, or thyroid products\n* Reports current use, or use within the past 30 days, of whey protein and\u002For similar product(s) to the study product that may limit the effects of the study products and\u002For pose a safety risk\n* Reports taking an antibiotic or probiotic in the last 4 weeks\n* Lack of reliable daily access to the internet","21 Years","75 Years",{"count":86,"type":22},133,[25],"The purpose of this study is to:\n\n1. Understand the participant experience using a health and wellness product and effects of the study product on GLP-1 users and those trying to lose weight\n2. Understand how participants may use and accept a health and wellness product\n3. Understand the side effects of a health and wellness product\n4. Evaluate the quality and effects of a health and wellness product on participant health through self-reported measures (electronic surveys) and biomarker collections.",[90,91,92],"Health","Wellness","Quality of Life",[94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108],"product","beverage","protein","fiber","electrolytes","hydration","satiety","digestion","gastrointestinal","constipation","belly pain","GLP-1","weight","attitudes","behaviors","2026-04-29",{"date":111,"type":38},"2026-05-04",{"date":113,"type":22},"2026-04",{"date":115,"type":22},"2026-08",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":118,"slug":119,"hasResults":11,"nctId":120,"briefTitle":121,"officialTitle":121,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":122,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":124,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":126,"briefSummary":127,"conditions":128,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":130,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":131,"startDateStruct":133,"completionDateStruct":135,"leadSponsor":137,"locationsCount":46},"100632950","wearable-photoplethysmography-for-non-invasive-hydration-assessment-100632950","NCT07520344","Wearable Photoplethysmography for Non-invasive Hydration Assessment","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Study subject is 18-45 years of age, inclusive\n* Subject is male or female\n* If female, subject is not pregnant, planning to get pregnant, or currently breast feeding\n* Subject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to visit(s)\n* Able to speak, write, and read English\n* Provision of written consent to participate\n* Subject is not taking medication that may interfere with the study, as indicated on the general health questionnaire (GHQ)\n* Subject has no health conditions that would prevent completion of the trial, as indicated on the GHQ\n* Subject is willing to fast overnight (no food or beverage, only water, \\~8- 10 hours)\n* Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours\n* Subject is willing to eat the exact same food the day prior to each visit to the testing site\n* Subject is willing to undergo fluid restriction to induce dehydration\n* Subject is willing to wear a wrist worn wearable device for the duration of the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject has participated or currently enrolled in a clinical trial within the past 30 days\n* Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within the past 3 months\n* Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his\u002Fher ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk, as indicated on the GHQ\n* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.\n* Subject has a health condition or is taking medication that can be worsened by fluid restriction, as indicated on the GHQ","45 Years",{"count":125,"type":22},30,[25],"Hydration status during exercise is often determined by measuring body mass change, fluid intake and urine output. However, obtaining these measurements can be an invasive, time-consuming process. Hydration status may be detectable by analyzing blood flow patterns of the superficial (just under the skin) blood vessels. Wearable devices are now abundant among the general population, and despite attempts from several groups, a hydration status metric based on noninvasive wearable device metrics has not been developed. With wearables, a light source connected to an optical sensor transmits and reflects light through the body. The light sensor detects absorption of the light based on wavelength measurements of the detected light. Absorption of specific wavelengths of light energy is dependent upon the amount of oxygenated blood in the vessels. When the vessels expand and relax, the amount of blood volume in the observed tissue increases and decreases potentially causing a shift in the photoplethysmography (PPG) wave detected by the wearable. The shift in the shape of the PPG wave may be detected in a way that indicates the relative change in tissue hydration levels. However, to our knowledge, no wrist worn device that utilizes PPG has been successfully able to predict hydration status. Therefore, this study aims to utilize photoplethysmography (PPG) technology in a wearable device to accomplish this approach to hydration monitoring.",[129],"Hydration Status","2026-04-03",{"date":132,"type":38},"2026-04-09",{"date":134,"type":22},"2026-04-01",{"date":136,"type":22},"2026-10",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":139,"slug":140,"hasResults":11,"nctId":141,"briefTitle":142,"officialTitle":142,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":143,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":144,"enrollmentInfo":145,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":147,"briefSummary":148,"conditions":149,"keywords":151,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":154,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":155,"startDateStruct":157,"completionDateStruct":159,"leadSponsor":161,"locationsCount":76},"100615919","the-effect-of-hydration-status-on-substrate-oxidation-at-rest-and-during-light-and-moderate-exercise-100615919","NCT07298863","The Effect of Hydration Status on Substrate Oxidation at Rest and During Light and Moderate Exercise","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject is male or female\n* If female, subject is not pregnant (based on self-report)\n* If female, subject has stopped taking birth control medication or removed long-acting reversible contraceptive \\>6 months at start of the study\n* If female, subject has normal menstrual cycle (21-35 days)\n* If female, subject is willing to track their menstrual cycle\n* If female, subject has a smartphone compatible for application to track menstrual cycle (female only) and\u002For wearable data (females and males)\n* Subject is 18-35 years of age, inclusive\n* Subject body mass index (BMI) is between 18.5-25 kg\u002Fm2\n* Subject is at least recreationally active (engaged in moderate-intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 60 min at a time)\n* Subject is accustomed to cycling for at least 60 min\n* Subject does not smoke (or has quit for at least 6 months)\n* Subject is not taking medication that may interfere with the study (e.g., diuretics, laxatives, or weight loss drugs)\n* Subject has no health conditions that would interfere with the study as indicated on the general health questionnaire (GHQ) e.g. cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases\n* Subject is not actively involved in weight loss intervention (dieting and\u002For anti-obesity medications)\n* Subject is not allergic to adhesives (e.g., medical tape)\n* Subject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to visit(s)\n* Subject is willing to fast overnight (\\~8-12 hours)\n* Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours (light physical activity only)\n* Subject is willing to be shaved at patch or electrode site, if necessary\n* Subject is willing to eat the exact same food the day prior to each visit to the laboratory\n* Able to speak, write, and read English\n* Provision of written consent to participate\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days\n* Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 36 months\n* Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his\u002Fher ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk\n* Subject is allergic to alcohol (alcohol pre pads are used for blood draws\n* If female, subject is taking birth control medication or has long-acting reversible contraceptive\n* If male, subject is undergoing hormone therapy to alter testosterone levels (injections, transdermal patch, pill, etc.)\n* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.","35 Years",{"count":146,"type":22},74,[25],"Metabolic flexibility is the ability to properly switch between fat and carbohydrate stores to use for energy under different conditions (rest, feeding, exercise). Impairments in metabolic flexibility, also known as metabolic inflexibility, have been suggested to be an underlying cause of metabolic disease, like type 2 diabetes. Long-term low fluid intake may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance, a form of metabolic inflexibility. Further, low fluid intake has been shown to impair the ability to switch fuel preference during exercise.\n\nWhile there is some evidence that low fluid intake may lead to impaired metabolic flexibility, more information is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of hydration status on substrate preference at rest and during exercise at varying intensities (light and moderate). Further, we will examine whether biological sex and menstrual cycle phase impact hydration and metabolism under these same conditions.",[129,150],"Substrate Metabolism During Exercise",[99,152,153],"metabolism","fluid retention","2026-02-27",{"date":156,"type":38},"2026-03-03",{"date":158,"type":38},"2025-11-05",{"date":160,"type":22},"2026-04-30",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":163,"slug":164,"hasResults":11,"nctId":165,"briefTitle":166,"officialTitle":166,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":167,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":54,"enrollmentInfo":168,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":169,"briefSummary":170,"conditions":171,"keywords":173,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":175,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":176,"startDateStruct":178,"completionDateStruct":180,"leadSponsor":182,"locationsCount":76},"100609688","effects-of-a-glycerol-electrolyte-beverage-on-fluid-balance-in-healthy-euhydrated-men-and-women-100609688","NCT07217834","Effects of a Glycerol-Electrolyte Beverage on Fluid Balance in Healthy Euhydrated Men and Women","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject is male or female\n* If female, subject is not pregnant\n* Subject is 18-50 years of age, inclusive\n* Subject is at least recreationally active (engaged in light to moderate intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 30 min at a time)\n* Subject does not smoke (or has quit for at least 6 months)\n* Subject is not taking medication that may interfere with the study (e.g., diuretics, laxatives, weight loss drugs)\n* Subject has no health conditions that would interfere with the study (e.g. cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases)\n* Subject is not allergic to fuji apple pear flavoring\n* Subject is not allergic to Stevia\n* Subject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to visits\n* Subject is willing to fast overnight (\\~8-10 hours) prior to visits\n* Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours\n* Subject is willing to eat the exact same food the day prior to each study session.\n* Willing and able to provide signed informed consent to participate in the study and to comply with all study procedures and scheduled visits.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days\n* Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 3 months\n* Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his\u002Fher ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk\n* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.",{"count":125,"type":22},[25],"Glycerol and sodium are osmotically-active ingredients that promote fluid retention via renal water reabsorption. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of a glycerol-electrolyte beverage on fluid balance in healthy euhydrated men and women",[172],"Fluid Balance",[99,98,174,95],"glycerol","2025-10-13",{"date":177,"type":38},"2025-10-20",{"date":179,"type":38},"2025-10-01",{"date":181,"type":22},"2025-12-12",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":184,"slug":185,"hasResults":11,"nctId":186,"briefTitle":187,"officialTitle":187,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":188,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":54,"enrollmentInfo":189,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":191,"briefSummary":192,"conditions":193,"keywords":194,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":195,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":196,"startDateStruct":198,"completionDateStruct":200,"leadSponsor":202,"locationsCount":203},"100581758","effects-of-beverage-volume-glycerol-concentration-and-sodium-concentration-on-fluid-balance-in-healthy-euhydrated-men-and-women-at-rest-100581758","NCT06854471","Effects of Beverage Volume, Glycerol Concentration, and Sodium Concentration on Fluid Balance in Healthy Euhydrated Men and Women at Rest","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject is male or female\n* If female, subject is not pregnant\n* Subject is 18-50 years of age, inclusive\n* Subject is at least recreationally active (engaged in light to moderate-intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 30 min at a time)\n* Subject does not smoke (or has quit for at least 6 months)\n* Subject is not taking medication that may interfere with the study (e.g., diuretics)\n* Subject has no health conditions that would interfere with the study (e.g. cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases)\n* Subject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to visit(s)\n* Subject is willing to fast overnight (\\~8-12 hours)\n* Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours\n* Subject is willing to eat the exact same food the day prior to each visit to the laboratory\n* Provision of written consent to participate\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days\n* Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 6 months\n* Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his\u002Fher ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk\n* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.",{"count":190,"type":22},80,[25],"The presence of certain ingredients such as sodium and glycerol can facilitate retention of the fluid consumed via renal water reabsorption. To maintain overall whole-body fluid balance, it is important that ingested fluid is retained in the body instead of losing it through urination.\n\nThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of sodium and glycerol concentrations at various fluid intake volumes on fluid balance in healthy, euhydrated men and women.",[172],[99,98,174,95],"2025-07-14",{"date":197,"type":38},"2025-07-17",{"date":199,"type":38},"2025-04-09",{"date":201,"type":22},"2025-12-15",{"name":44,"class":45},3,{"id":205,"slug":206,"hasResults":11,"nctId":207,"briefTitle":208,"officialTitle":209,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":210,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":211,"enrollmentInfo":212,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":214,"phases":4,"briefSummary":215,"conditions":216,"keywords":217,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":222,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":223,"startDateStruct":225,"completionDateStruct":227,"leadSponsor":229,"locationsCount":76},"100593396","feasibility-of-using-the-gatorade-sports-science-institute-gssi-labs-app-for-hydration-related-outcomes-100593396","NCT07005895","Feasibility of Using the Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) Labs App for Hydration Related Outcomes","Feasibility of Using the Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) Labs App for Hydration Related Outcomes: User Engagement and Individual Variability of Transdermal Optical Imaging Features Before and After Acute Fluid Ingestion","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-65 years of age, inclusive\n* Male or female. If female, subject is not pregnant, planning to get pregnant, or currently breast feeding\n* Able to speak, write, and read English\n* Provision of written consent to participate\n* Owns and wears an activity tracker daily, including during sleep, except when submerged underwater (i.e., swimming, bathing) and is willing to connect their device to the app, per GSSI Labs App requirements (Oura, WHOOP, Apple Watch, Garmin, Polar, Withings, or Fitbit).\n* Owns a bathroom scale\n* Able to drink 600mL (600 mL = 20 oz = 2 ½ cups) of water as directed.\n* Willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to study session(s)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject is currently enrolled in a clinical trial or has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days.\n* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.","65 Years",{"count":213,"type":22},200,"OBSERVATIONAL","This remote study will evaluate the feasibility of using the Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) Labs App for remotely collecting hydration related outcomes.",[33],[218,219,220,221],"transdermal optical imaging","TOI","app","user engagement","2025-05-27",{"date":224,"type":38},"2025-06-05",{"date":226,"type":38},"2025-05-06",{"date":228,"type":22},"2025-12-30",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":231,"slug":232,"hasResults":11,"nctId":233,"briefTitle":234,"officialTitle":234,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":235,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":236,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":237,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":214,"phases":4,"briefSummary":239,"conditions":240,"keywords":242,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":248,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":249,"startDateStruct":251,"completionDateStruct":253,"leadSponsor":255,"locationsCount":76},"100592618","normative-data-for-sweating-rate-sweat-sodium-concentration-and-sweat-sodium-loss-in-female-athlete-100592618","NCT06995768","Normative Data for Sweating Rate, Sweat Sodium Concentration and Sweat Sodium Loss in Female Athlete","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nSubject is female\n\n* Subject is 13yrs+\n* Subject has been cleared for sport participation by their personal or team physician and\u002For coach-led practice\u002Ftraining.\n* Subject is participating in sport on the youth\u002F amateur\u002F collegiate\u002Fprofessional\u002Felite level\n* If under 18, a parental\u002Fguardian consent form will be completed.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* As this study is undertaken at the athletes training facility, the medical staff at the team\u002Fclub will advise on who should\u002F should not take part.\n* Subject has an allergy to adhesives (e.g., experiences rash reactions to typical adhesive bandages","13 Years",{"count":238,"type":22},500,"The main objectives are to determine sweat sodium concentration \\[Na+\\], whole body sweat rate (WBSR) and rate of sweat sodium loss (RSSL) in female athletes aged 13 and above during their normal planned training session across various sports (basketball, soccer, volleyball, cheer, flag football and softball).",[241],"Sweat Rate",[243,244,245,246,247],"sweat","sodium loss","sweat patch","athlete","healthy volunteer","2025-05-21",{"date":250,"type":38},"2025-05-29",{"date":252,"type":38},"2025-04-22",{"date":254,"type":22},"2026-06-30",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":257,"slug":258,"hasResults":11,"nctId":259,"briefTitle":260,"officialTitle":260,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":261,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":211,"enrollmentInfo":262,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":214,"phases":4,"briefSummary":263,"conditions":264,"keywords":266,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":274,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":275,"startDateStruct":277,"completionDateStruct":279,"leadSponsor":280,"locationsCount":76},"100590183","exploring-the-relationship-between-heart-rate-variability-hrv-training-load-and-endurance-performance-100590183","NCT06964100","Exploring the Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Training Load, and Endurance Performance","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nActively participating in cardiovascular training (3-5 days\u002Fweek).\n\nAble to run a 5K (3.1 miles) distance at a self-selected location, three times over 8 weeks.\n\nAge 18-65 years.\n\nSubject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise (light physical activity only) 24 hours prior to timed 5K assessment.\n\nSubject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to 5K assessment.\n\nSubject is willing to provide consent.\n\nSubject is able to continuously wear their activity tracker, including during sleep, except when submerged underwater (i.e., swimming, bathing).\n\nSubjects must have compatible wearable device (Android, Apple Health, Dexcom, Fitbit, Garmin, Health Connect, Oura, Polar, Whoop, and Withings).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nIndividual has a condition the Investigator believes would interfere with his ability to provide informed consent, comply with the project\u002Fstudy protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the project\u002Fstudy results or put the person at undue risk.\n\nThose with a medical history that would interfere with the results of this study.\n\nThose that have ≥1 risk factor for cardiovascular disease according to the American College of Sports Medicine.\n\nAge: Men ≥ 45 yrs; Women ≥ 55 yrs.\n\nFamily History: Heart attack, \"bypass surgery\", or sudden death before the age of 55 yrs for father\u002Fbrother, or before 65 yrs for mother\u002Fsister.\n\nCigarette Smoking: Current smoker, or have quit \\\u003C 6 months, or exposed to environmental smoke.\n\nSedentary lifestyle: Not participating in moderate (sweating) physical activity at least 3 days\u002Fweek for 3-months.\n\nObesity: Body mass index ≥ 30 kg\u002Fm2 or waist girth 102 cm (40 inches) for men and 88 cm (35 inches) for women.\n\nHypertension: Systolic Blood Pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and\u002For Diastolic ≥90 mmHg, or taking medication.\n\nDyslipidemia: LDL ≥130 mg\u002Fdl, or HDL \\\u003C 40 mg\u002Fdl, or taking medication. Or triglycerides (TG) \\> 200 \\> mg\u002Fdl.\n\nPre-diabetes: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) ≥ 100 mg\u002Fdl or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 140 or ≤ 199 mg\u002Fdl confirmed by two different measurements.\n\nUnder the care of a physician.\n\nSleep disorders.\n\nUsing prescription medications that would impact sleep.\n\nIf female, you are not pregnant, planning to get pregnant or currently breast feeding.\n\nNot able to wear activity tracker continuously.\n\nLack of proficiency in English.\n\nLack of proficiency or access to the internet and email address.\n\nParticipation in another clinical trial within the past 30 days.\n\nSubject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.",{"count":213,"type":22},"The ability of smart phones, aided by wearable devices (e.g. smart watches), to collect a variety of data, including physical activity, heart rate, and other exercise metrics, may provide a unique opportunity to understand real-world variability. The primary objective of this study is to test user engagement, app functionality, and feasibility of the newly developed Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) Labs App to conduct Real-World research studies. The secondary purpose of this study is to determine if Training Intensity (%Heart Rate maximum) in minutes during low heart rate variability (HRV) periods (below HRV baseline consecutive days) will have a negative relationship with post-study 5K (5 kilometer) running times as measured by their activity tracker, which could lead to personalized training recommendations using HRV. This study is conducted remotely, there are no in-person visits.",[265],"Heart Rate Variability",[267,268,269,270,271,272,273],"heart rate variability","HRV","real world","activity tracker","app engagement","app functionality","remote","2025-04-30",{"date":276,"type":38},"2025-05-09",{"date":278,"type":38},"2025-04-04",{"date":228,"type":22},{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":282,"slug":283,"hasResults":11,"nctId":284,"briefTitle":285,"officialTitle":285,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":286,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":236,"maxAge":287,"enrollmentInfo":288,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":290,"briefSummary":291,"conditions":292,"keywords":294,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":301,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":302,"startDateStruct":304,"completionDateStruct":306,"leadSponsor":308,"locationsCount":76},"100580444","effects-of-metabolic-testing-data-and-education-on-attitudes-and-beliefs-related-to-carbohydrate-intake-in-adolescent-female-athletes-100580444","NCT06837376","Effects of Metabolic Testing Data and Education on Attitudes and Beliefs Related to Carbohydrate Intake in Adolescent Female Athletes","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Females aged between the ages of 13-19 years old\n2. Non-smoker\n3. Currently enrolled in an IMG Academy sport\n4. Willing to fast overnight (10 hours) prior to testing (for metabolic testing group).\n5. Understand the protocol and be able to give verbal and written informed consent for participation as well as obtain parental consent if \\\u003C18 years of age.\n6. Must be fluent in English reading, writing, and speaking.\n7. You are not employed by, or have a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If you are unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of your relationship to that company before you sign the informed consent\n8. If subject has asthma, they may still participate in but will be required to bring their prescribed inhaler if placed in the metabolic testing group\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Expulsion from school for any reason\n2. Leaving the IMG sports team\n3. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant\n4. Participated in any other clinical trial in the past 30 day\n5. Participated in any PepsiCo trial in the past 6 months\n6. Physical injury that would prevent participation in exercise group","19 Years",{"count":289,"type":22},60,[25],"Many studies have consistently shown that females across sports under consume carbohydrate. Registered dietitians working with athletes have also reported female athletes chronically under consume carbohydrate. The primary objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of education versus education plus interpreted individual metabolic (exercise) testing results to change attitudes and beliefs of female athletes regarding carbohydrate intake. The secondary objective is to assess the effectiveness of the education alone on attitudes and beliefs towards consuming carbohydrate in female athletes.\n\nThe study hypothesis is that education alone will not significantly impact attitudes and beliefs, and that metabolic testing and the interpretation of the individual results will alter attitudes and beliefs toward carbohydrate intake.",[293],"Nutritional Deficiency",[295,296,297,298,299,300,246],"exercise performance","metabolic testing","education","carbohydrate","adolescent","female","2025-02-14",{"date":303,"type":38},"2025-02-20",{"date":305,"type":38},"2025-02-05",{"date":307,"type":22},"2025-05-15",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":310,"slug":311,"hasResults":11,"nctId":312,"briefTitle":313,"officialTitle":313,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":314,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":315,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":317,"briefSummary":318,"conditions":319,"keywords":322,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":301,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":331,"startDateStruct":332,"completionDateStruct":334,"leadSponsor":336,"locationsCount":76},"100580438","the-effect-of-vicia-faba-hydrolysate-supplementation-on-muscle-strength-recovery-100580438","NCT06837298","The Effect of Vicia Faba Hydrolysate Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Males and females 18 - 45 years of age.\n* Willing to fast overnight on the 4 testing occasions.\n* Participants agree to abstain from taking additional supplements throughout the testing period, with particular emphasis placed upon protein-based products (e.g., whey or casein based protein powders; animal derived protein hydrolysates; natural supplements constituted of vegetative protein hydrolysates from rice, fava bean, pea, carrot, spirulina, broccoli, potatoes; marine derived secondary metabolite products or protein hydrolysates including Omega-3 capsules or DHA).\n* Moderately active (exercise 3-5 days per week)\n* Fluent in reading, writing, and speaking English\n* Participants agree to maintain their normal diet and perform only light to moderate exercise for the duration of the study.\n* BMI between 18.5 and 29.9 kg\u002Fm2\n* Participants agree to refrain from consuming alcohol in the 48 hours leading up to a test day.\n* Willingness to complete questionnaires, records and diaries associated with the study and to complete all lab visits.\n* Refrain from any exercise from 48 hours prior to each test or blood draw.\n* Healthy as determined by General Health Questionnaire.\n* Non-smoker\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals that are glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficient. The test product in this study contains fava bean extract which may produce favism in genetically susceptible individuals.\n* Alcohol or drug abuse in the past year.3. Testosterone or estrogen supplementation (not including women on oral contraceptives)\n* Pregnant or nursing or planning to become pregnant.\n* Participation in any other clinical trial in the past 30 days. Participation in any PepsiCo trial in the past 6 months\n* Volunteers with unstable medical conditions.\n* Any complaints that could interfere with the ability to exercise.\n* Individuals who are cognitively impaired or unable to give informed consent.\n* Any co-morbidities interacting with mobility or muscle metabolism of the lower limbs (e.g. arthritis, spasticity \u002F rigidity, all neurological disorders, paralysis).\n* Creatine supplements, corticosteroids, NSAIDS, amino acids, injectible peptides, collagen, and nicotinamide (Vit B3\u002Fniacin).\n* Presence or history of neurological disorders or significant psychiatric illness.\n* Any condition the study investigator believes would interfere with eligibility following the study protocol, effect the study results, or put the subject at undue risk.\n* Participation in resistance or aerobic exercise within 48 hours of the test days.\n* Participation of \\>3 high-intensity exercise sessions per week.\n* Undertake recovery methods such as sea swims, foam rolling, cryotherapy or excessive stretching during days 14-17.\n* Have been in contact with a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19 in previous 14 days.\n* Are Hepatitis A- or B-positive or have had a sexual partner infected with hepatitis or HIV and not taking medication.\n* Are not employed by, or have a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If you are unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of your relationship to that company before ou sign the informed consent",{"count":316,"type":22},76,[25],"To investigate the effect of Vicia faba protein concentrate, a protein derived from Fava bean extract, on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Participants receive either 2.4g\u002Fday of PeptiStrong® supplement capsules or placebo capsules for 14 days until a strenuous exercise session. For the last 3 days, 2\u002F3 of them stay on the same treatment and 1\u002F3 of them switch from placebo to PeptiStrong®.",[320,321],"Muscle Damage","Muscle",[323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330],"DOMS","exercise","damaging","muscle","muscle recovery","vicia faba","fava bean","PeptiStrong",{"date":303,"type":38},{"date":333,"type":38},"2025-02-07",{"date":335,"type":22},"2025-09-30",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":338,"slug":339,"hasResults":11,"nctId":340,"briefTitle":341,"officialTitle":341,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":342,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":18,"maxAge":54,"enrollmentInfo":343,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":345,"briefSummary":346,"conditions":347,"keywords":348,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":333,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":350,"startDateStruct":352,"completionDateStruct":354,"leadSponsor":356,"locationsCount":76},"100566390","effect-of-adding-glycerol-to-electrolyte-beverages-on-fluid-balance-in-healthy-euhydrated-men-and-women-at-rest-100566390","NCT06654557","Effect of Adding Glycerol to Electrolyte Beverages on Fluid Balance in Healthy Euhydrated Men and Women at Rest","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nSubject is male or female\n\n* If female, subject is not pregnant (based on self-report)\n* Subject is 18-50 years of age, inclusive Subject is at least recreationally active (engaged in light to moderate intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 30 min at a time)\n* Subject does not smoke (or has quit for at least 6 months)\n* Subject is not taking medication that may interfere with the study (e.g., diuretics)\n* Subject has no health conditions that would interfere with the study, As indicated on the general health questionnaire (GHQ), e.g. cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases\n* Subject is not allergic to adhesives (e.g., medical tape)\n* Subject is not allergic to kiwi-strawberry flavoring\n* Subject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to visit(s)\n* Subject is willing to fast overnight (\\~8-12 hours)\n* Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours (light physical activity only)\n* Subject is willing to eat the exact same food the day prior to each visit to the laboratory\n* Able to speak, write, and read English\n* Provision of written consent to participate\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subject has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days\n* Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 6 months\n* Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his\u002Fher ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk\n* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.",{"count":344,"type":22},95,[25],"The results of a prior study PEP-2311 suggested there was a positive dose-response effect of glycerol and sodium on fluid balance and fluid retention. In addition, inclusion of glycerol resulted in an upward shift in the relationship between sodium concentration and fluid balance. The practical interpretation is that addition of glycerol enables a reduction in sodium concentration compared with a 0% glycerol drink.\n\nIn this follow-up study, the investigators hypothesize that 1) fluid balance will be sustained (greater than or not different from baseline) and significantly greater than placebo for 120 min after drinking the test no\u002Flow\u002Fmoderate carbohydrate beverages and 2) fluid balance will not differ between the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages, but both will be greater than placebo.",[172],[99,98,174,349,95],"carbohtydrate",{"date":351,"type":38},"2025-02-11",{"date":353,"type":38},"2024-09-30",{"date":355,"type":22},"2025-05-30",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":358,"slug":359,"hasResults":11,"nctId":360,"briefTitle":361,"officialTitle":361,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":362,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":53,"minAge":236,"maxAge":287,"enrollmentInfo":363,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":365,"briefSummary":366,"conditions":367,"keywords":368,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":373,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":374,"startDateStruct":376,"completionDateStruct":378,"leadSponsor":380,"locationsCount":76},"100566164","efficacy-of-education-versus-education-plus-prescribed-fluid-intake-on-hydration-status-in-high-school-athletes-100566164","NCT06651619","Efficacy of Education Versus Education Plus Prescribed Fluid Intake on Hydration Status in High School Athletes","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Females and males between the ages of 13-19 years old\n2. Non-smoker\n3. Currently enrolled in the IMG sports program\n4. Able to give verbal and written informed consent for participation as well as obtain parental consent if \\\u003C18 years of age\n5. Must be fluent in English reading, writing, and speaking\n6. Parental permission\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Expulsion from school for any reason\n2. Leaving the IMG sports program\n3. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant\n4. Illness or injury that impacts sport participation or fluid balance\n5. Taking any medication that impacts fluid balance\n6. Participation in a clinical trial within past 30 days\n7. Participation in any PepsiCo trial within past 6 months\n8. Any condition the study investigator believes would interfere with eligibility following the study protocol, effect the study results, or put the subject at undue risk",{"count":364,"type":22},108,[25],"Sports science testing by investigators at Gatorade Sports Science Institute has revealed that many athletes arrive at practice with a high urine specific gravity indicating they are hypohydrated. Though the data showed that most athletes don't lose more than 2% of their body weight in sweat during a training session, it is not known what the cumulative effects of living and training in a hot environment are over the course of a week. Previous research has indicated that prescribing fluid intake is more effective than education in improving drinking behavior during exercise. No studies to date have compared the impact of fluid intake prescription versus education in adolescent boys and girls playing outdoor and indoor sports.\n\nComparing sexes and training environment may provide more clarity around potential barriers and challenges to proper hydration for each environment.",[28],[99,369,299,246,370,324,371,297,372],"hypohydration","sports","behavior","high school","2024-10-21",{"date":375,"type":38},"2024-10-23",{"date":377,"type":38},"2024-10-01",{"date":379,"type":22},"2025-06-30",{"name":44,"class":45},""]