[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Xidian University\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":133},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,4,0,[8,49,78,106],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":28,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":38,"startDateStruct":41,"completionDateStruct":43,"leadSponsor":45,"locationsCount":48},"100643998","combined-regulatory-effects-of-40-hz-etns-and-multisensory-stimulation-on-brain-networks-100643998",false,"NCT07668167","Combined Regulatory Effects of 40 Hz eTNS and Multisensory Stimulation on Brain Networks","A Study on the Enhancing Effects of 40 Hz Combined Trigeminal-Sensory Stimulation on Working Memory","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy adults aged ≥18 years old.\n* Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing (essential for 40Hz visual and auditory stimulation).\n* Right-handedness.\n* Willing to participate in the study and capable of providing written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Personal or family history of epilepsy or seizures (crucial safety criteria for 40Hz flicker and electrical stimulation).\n* History of any neurological or psychiatric disorders.\n* Presence of metallic implants in the head, cardiac pacemakers, or other implanted electronic medical devices.\n* Skin lesions, infections, or hypersensitivity at the eTNS stimulation site (maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve).\n* Current use of psychoactive medications or substances that may significantly alter EEG signals or brain state dynamics.\n* Pregnant or lactating individuals.\n* Poor sleep quality or irregular sleep-wake cycles prior to the experiment.",true,"ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},30,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","The purpose of this study is to investigate the independent and interactive effects of 40Hz auditory, visual, and external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) on brain state dynamics and functional connectivity. While 40Hz visual and auditory sensory stimulation have been explored for potential cognitive and therapeutic benefits, the underlying mechanisms on large-scale brain networks and the potential effects of combining multiple modalities remain unclear.\n\nThis study aims to determine whether multimodal co-stimulation genuinely compounds network-level effects or if targeted dual-pairings are more efficient for brain network reorganization. In this within-subject study, 23 participants will receive all eight possible combinations of 40Hz auditory, visual, and eTNS (targeting the maxillary branch) in a randomized order. Each stimulation condition will last for 5 minutes, separated by 1-minute inter-stimulus intervals. Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) will be recorded throughout the procedures to evaluate brain responses. The collected EEG data will be analyzed using microstate analysis, functional connectivity analysis, and graph-theoretic network analysis. Ultimately, the study seeks to understand how these non-invasive stimulation techniques, independently and together, drive large-scale network reorganization and optimize the balance between local specialization and global integration in the brain.",[27],"Healthy Participants",[29,30,31,32,33,34,35],"External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS)","40Hz stimulation","Multimodal neuromodulation","Brain network reorganization","Network topology","Functional connectivity","EEG microstates","RECRUITING","2026-06-28",{"date":39,"type":40},"2026-07-01","ACTUAL",{"date":42,"type":40},"2026-06-16",{"date":44,"type":21},"2026-06-23",{"name":46,"class":47},"Xidian University","OTHER",1,{"id":50,"slug":51,"hasResults":11,"nctId":52,"briefTitle":53,"officialTitle":54,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":55,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":57,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":58,"briefSummary":59,"conditions":60,"keywords":62,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":71,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":72,"startDateStruct":74,"completionDateStruct":75,"leadSponsor":77,"locationsCount":48},"100641715","electrical-nerve-stimulation-during-sleep-for-memory-consolidation-100641715","NCT07658274","Electrical Nerve Stimulation During Sleep for Memory Consolidation","Effects of 2 Hz and 120 Hz Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation During Sleep on Procedural Memory and Working Memory: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Crossover Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Healthy young adults (e.g., college students), aged generally between 18 and 30 years.\n2. Right-handed.\n3. Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 30 kg\u002Fm\\^2.\n4. Capable of fully comprehending the experimental procedures and voluntarily signing the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History or current presence of neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, or brain damage.\n2. History or current presence of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., arrhythmias or abnormal nocturnal heart rate).\n3. Presence of depressive or anxiety symptoms (assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 \\[PHQ-9\\] score \\> 9, or Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 \\[GAD-7\\] score \\> 9).\n4. Presence of sleep disturbances or poor sleep quality (assessed by Insomnia Severity Index \\[ISI\\] score \\> 8, or Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index \\[PSQI\\] score \\> 10).\n5. Any medication use within the past six months that could affect stress responses, cognitive abilities, or sleep architecture.\n6. History of smoking or alcohol abuse.\n7. Known skin allergies to conductive paste, medical tape, or silicone electrodes.\n8. Female participants who are in their menstrual period during the scheduled experimental sessions (sessions must be strategically scheduled to avoid this period).\n9. Inability or refusal to abstain from caffeine, tea, and alcohol for at least 24 hours prior to and during the experimental sessions.","35 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},[24],"The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (eTNS) applied during sleep on memory consolidation and brain-body physiological coupling. Healthy college students will participate in four overnight sleep sessions in a standard sleep laboratory.\n\nBefore going to sleep, participants will learn and complete two cognitive tasks: a motor sequence tapping task to assess procedural memory, and an N-back task to assess working memory. During the night, participants will receive either 2 Hz eTNS, 120 Hz eTNS, or a sham (placebo) stimulation on their forehead in a randomized order. Throughout the night, researchers will record their sleep using polysomnography (PSG), along with continuous monitoring of heart rate (ECG) and breathing (respiration). Upon waking the next morning, participants will be re-tested on both memory tasks.\n\nThe primary objective is to determine whether eTNS during sleep can improve behavioral performance on procedural and working memory tasks overnight. Secondary objectives include analyzing the stimulation's effects on specific sleep brain wave patterns (such as slow oscillations and sleep spindles) and exploring the coupling mechanisms between brain activity, heart rhythms (Heartbeat Evoked Potentials), and respiration during sleep.",[61],"Healthy Volunteers (HV)",[63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70],"Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation","eTNS","Procedural Memory","Working Memory","Slow Oscillations","Sleep Spindles","Heartbeat Evoked Potentials","Polysomnography","2026-06-21",{"date":73,"type":40},"2026-06-24",{"date":42,"type":21},{"date":76,"type":21},"2026-07-31",{"name":46,"class":47},{"id":79,"slug":80,"hasResults":11,"nctId":81,"briefTitle":82,"officialTitle":83,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":84,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":85,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":87,"briefSummary":88,"conditions":89,"keywords":92,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":71,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":101,"completionDateStruct":103,"leadSponsor":105,"locationsCount":48},"100644403","frequency-effects-of-transcutaneous-trigeminal-nerve-stimulation-etns-on-brain-and-autonomic-function-100644403","NCT07662291","Frequency Effects of Transcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) on Brain and Autonomic Function","A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Crossover fMRI Study on the Frequency Effects of Transcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Central-Autonomic Coupling in Healthy Subjects","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 40 years old.\n2. Right-handed.\n3. Generally healthy with no history of neurological, psychiatric, or severe cardiovascular diseases.\n4. Normal physical and neurological examinations.\n5. Capable of understanding the study procedures and voluntarily signing the written informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Contraindications to MRI scanning (e.g., claustrophobia, cardiac pacemakers, artificial cochlea, metallic braces, or any other ferromagnetic implants).\n2. Female participants who are pregnant, lactating, or suspect they might be pregnant.\n3. Contraindications to transcutaneous electrical stimulation (e.g., personal or family history of epilepsy\u002Fseizures, trigeminal neuralgia, facial skin lesions, or active skin diseases on the forehead).\n4. Current or recent (within the past month) use of any medications known to affect the central nervous system or the autonomic nervous system (e.g., antidepressants, beta-blockers, sedatives, or sympathomimetics).\n5. History of substance abuse, heavy smoking, or excessive daily consumption of alcohol or caffeine.\n6. Irregular sleep patterns, shift work, or severe sleep deprivation within 24 hours prior to the scanning session.",{"count":86,"type":21},25,[24],"This study aims to investigate how different frequencies of transcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) affect brain activity and the autonomic nervous system in healthy individuals. Participants will undergo a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan while receiving three different types of nerve stimulation: 2Hz eTNS, 120Hz eTNS, and a sham (inactive) stimulation. The order of these stimulations will be randomly assigned. During the brain scan, researchers will simultaneously monitor the participants' breathing and heart rhythms (using a finger sensor). The main goal is to understand how changing the frequency of eTNS influences the connection between the brain's networks and the body's unconscious physiological responses.",[90,91],"Healthy Volunteers","fMRI Research",[93,64,94,95,96,97,98,99],"Transcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation","Neuromodulation","Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging \u002F fMRI","Functional Connectivity","Frequency Effect","Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent \u002F BOLD","Central-Autonomic Coupling",{"date":44,"type":40},{"date":102,"type":21},"2026-08-06",{"date":104,"type":21},"2026-08-20",{"name":46,"class":47},{"id":107,"slug":108,"hasResults":11,"nctId":109,"briefTitle":110,"officialTitle":111,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":112,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":113,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":114,"briefSummary":115,"conditions":116,"keywords":118,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":126,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":127,"startDateStruct":129,"completionDateStruct":130,"leadSponsor":132,"locationsCount":48},"100641517","investigating-the-transcutaneous-vs-transcranial-mechanisms-of-trigeminal-nerve-stimulation-etns-using-fmri-100641517","NCT07657260","Investigating the Transcutaneous vs. Transcranial Mechanisms of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) Using fMRI","Differentiating the Transcutaneous and Transcranial Mechanisms of Direct Current Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Brainstem and Autonomic Function: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Crossover fMRI Study With Local Anesthesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 40 years old.\n2. Right-handed.\n3. Generally healthy with no history of neurological, psychiatric, or severe cardiovascular diseases.\n4. Normal physical and neurological examinations.\n5. Capable of understanding the study procedures and voluntarily signing the written informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Known allergy, hypersensitivity, or adverse reactions to Lidocaine or other amide-type local anesthetics. (Crucial for this specific study design)\n2. Contraindications to MRI scanning (e.g., claustrophobia, cardiac pacemakers, artificial cochlea, metallic braces, or any other ferromagnetic implants).\n3. Female participants who are pregnant, lactating, or suspect they might be pregnant.\n4. Contraindications to transcranial or transcutaneous electrical stimulation (e.g., personal or family history of epilepsy\u002Fseizures, implanted brain stimulators).\n5. Any active skin disease, inflammation, lesions, cuts, or abrasions on the forehead (specifically over the supraorbital area), which could alter electrical impedance or anesthetic absorption.\n6. History of trigeminal neuralgia, facial nerve palsy, or chronic facial pain. Current or recent (within the past month) use of any medications known to affect the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, or pain perception (e.g., analgesics, antidepressants, beta-blockers, or sedatives).\n7. History of substance abuse, heavy smoking, or excessive daily consumption of alcohol or caffeine.\n8. Irregular sleep patterns, shift work, or severe sleep deprivation within 24 hours prior to the scanning sessions.",{"count":86,"type":21},[24],"Transcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) is a non-invasive technique that modulates brain activity by applying electrical currents to the forehead. However, it remains unclear whether its effects are primarily driven by activating peripheral nerves in the skin (the transcutaneous pathway) or by the electrical current passing directly through the skull into the brain (the transcranial pathway).\n\nThis study aims to differentiate these two mechanisms in healthy volunteers. Participants will complete two separate MRI scanning sessions. In one session, a local anesthetic (lidocaine) will be applied to numb the skin over the forehead (specifically the supraorbital nerve branch) to temporarily block the peripheral nerve signals. In the other session, no anesthesia will be used. During both sessions, participants will receive active direct current eTNS (DC-eTNS) and a sham (inactive) stimulation while inside a 3T MRI scanner.\n\nResearchers will simultaneously measure brain activity (fMRI) and physiological signals (breathing and heart rate). By comparing the brain and bodily responses between the anesthetized and non-anesthetized conditions, the study seeks to determine exactly how eTNS signals travel to and affect the brainstem, cortex, and autonomic nervous system.",[90,117,91],"Neurophysiology",[119,120,121,122,123,124,95,99,125],"Direct Current Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation","DC-eTNS","Lidocaine","Transcutaneous Mechanism","Transcranial Mechanism","Trigeminal Nerve","Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations \u002F ALFF","2026-06-15",{"date":128,"type":40},"2026-06-18",{"date":71,"type":21},{"date":131,"type":21},"2026-07-05",{"name":46,"class":47},""]