[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,9,0,[8,42,74,94,121,160,192,214,242],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":30,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":31,"startDateStruct":34,"completionDateStruct":36,"leadSponsor":38,"locationsCount":41},"100582489","high-throughput-omic-technology-for-identification-of-biomarkers-of-relapsing-acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-in-immune-cell-network-100582489",false,"NCT06863974","High-throughput Omic Technology for Identification of Biomarkers of Relapsing Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Immune Cell Network","High-throughput Omic Technology for Identification of Biomarkers of Relapsing Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in the Immune Cell Network","HOT-BRAIN","Inclusion criteria:\n\nProspective recruitment Pre-inclusion criteria\n\n* Age at inclusion between 1 and 18 years (included)\n* First demyelinating event at inclusion, such as ADEM encephalitis, optic neuritis (NORB) or myelitis, or a combination of these conditions.\n* Informed consent signed by patient's legal representative\n* Patient affiliated to or benefiting from a social security scheme Inclusion criteria (confirmation of inclusion and follow-up in one of 3 groups)\n* MOGAD\u002FADEM group: presence of serum anti-MOG antibodies and diagnosis of ADEM (according to the International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Society Group (IPMSSG) criteria revised in 2013) at the first demyelinating attack.\n* Non-MOGAD\u002FADEM group: anti-MOG antibodies negative and diagnosis of ADEM at first demyelinating attack.\n* MOGAD\u002Fnon-ADEM group: presence of serum anti-MOG antibodies and diagnosis of myelitis and\u002For NORB at first demyelinating attack.\n\nRetrospective recruitment General inclusion criteria\n\n* Age at inclusion between 1 and 18 years (inclusive)\n* Inclusion (signed consent of the patient's legal representative) in the biocollection from which the samples were taken at the latest at the time of management of a first demyelinating event of the ADEM encephalitis, optic neuritis (NORB) or myelitis type, or a combination of these disorders.\n* PBMC collected at the time of the first demyelinating event before any immunomodulatory treatment, cryopreserved and available in the biocollection.\n* Depending on the date of inclusion (if inclusion beyond 6 to 24 months after the first demyelinating event), samples taken at 6 months and then 24 months after the first demyelinating event available in the biocollection for the analyses planned in the study.\n* Informed consent signed by patient's legal representative\n* Patient affiliated to or benefiting from a social security scheme\n\nInclusion criteria specific to the 3 study groups\n\n* MOGAD\u002FADEM group: presence of serum anti-MOG antibodies and diagnosis of ADEM (according to the International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Society Group (IPMSSG) criteria revised in 2013) at the first demyelinating attack.\n* Non-MOGAD\u002FADEM group: anti-MOG antibodies negative and diagnosis of ADEM at first demyelinating attack.\n* MOGAD\u002Fnon-ADEM group: presence of serum anti-MOG antibodies and diagnosis of myelitis and\u002For NORB at first demyelinating attack.\n\nNon-inclusion criteria (prospective or retrospective recruitment):\n\n* Immunosuppressive therapy in the 6 months prior to treatment for a first demyelinating event.\n* Systemic corticosteroid therapy or immunomodulating doses of IV polyvalent immunoglobulin or plasma exchange within 3 months prior to treatment for a first demyelinating event.\n* Brain MRI not performed at diagnosis of first demyelinating event\n* Poor understanding of the French language","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},20,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, manifesting itself as impaired consciousness, even to the point of coma, and multifocal neurological deficits. ADEM is the most common encephalitis in children. Moreover, 50-65% of ADEM in children is associated with the presence of anti-MOG antibodies (MOGAD). In fact, ADEM is the most frequent clinical presentation of MOGAD in children, 50-75% before the age of 10. The risk of recurrence is higher in pediatric MOGAD of ADEM manifestation, up to 30%, compared to myelitis or optic neuritis. Multiphasic MOGAD are more frequently associated with sequelae in 50-69% of cases, versus 4-32% for monophasic forms. In ADEM, cognitive and epileptic sequelae predominate. The 2020 European consortium and the 2022 national diagnosis and care protocol recommend the introduction of disease-modifying therapies as early as the second attack of the disease, or in the event of distant sequelae, in order to limit relapses and sequelae. However, these treatments take several months to take effect.\n\nThere is currently no reliable predictive factor for MOGAD recurrence other than the persistence of an elevated blood anti-MOG antibody level (≥1:1280) at 1 year. The aim of this study is therefore to identify biomarkers associated with MOGAD recurrence from the first attack. To this end, we will study the transcriptome of circulating blood mononuclear cells by single-cell next-generation RNA sequencing in children with anti-MOGAD neuroinflammatory relapses. Anticipating the multiphasic trajectory of the disease would enable the introduction of early disease-modifying therapy to prevent recurrences and long-term sequelae. Furthermore, the discovery of a molecular and\u002For cellular signature would provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ADEM and MOGAD.",[27,28],"Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis","Encephalitis Autoimmune","RECRUITING","2026-04-21",{"date":32,"type":33},"2026-04-27","ACTUAL",{"date":35,"type":33},"2025-11-16",{"date":37,"type":21},"2030-02-01",{"name":39,"class":40},"University Hospital, Angers","OTHER_GOV",8,{"id":43,"slug":44,"hasResults":11,"nctId":45,"briefTitle":46,"officialTitle":47,"acronym":48,"eligibilityCriteria":49,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":50,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":51,"targetDuration":53,"studyType":54,"phases":4,"briefSummary":55,"conditions":56,"keywords":59,"overallStatus":63,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":64,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":65,"startDateStruct":67,"completionDateStruct":69,"leadSponsor":71,"locationsCount":4},"100634476","the-aim-of-the-present-study-is-to-determine-outcome-predictors-in-children-who-were-diagnosed-as-acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-adem-100634476","NCT07540182","The Aim of the Present Study is to Determine Outcome Predictors in Children Who Were Diagnosed as Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM).","Outcome Predictors in Children With Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis at Assuit University Children Hospital","ADEM disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children aged from 6 months old to 18 years.\n* Presence of clinical signs of acute encephalopathy with multifocal neurological deficits.\n* MRI findings suggestive of demyelinating lesions.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pediatric patients diagnosed who were as multiple sclerosis.\n* Pediatric patients with clinical signs and radiological findings suggestive of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.\n* Pediatric patients with infectious encephalitis.\n* Pediatric patients with metabolic or genetic neurological disorders","6 Months",{"count":52,"type":21},25,"25 Months","OBSERVATIONAL","The aim of the present study is to determine outcome predictors in children who were diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).",[27,57,58],"Encephalomyelitis","Encephalopathy",[60,61,62],"ADEM","Pediatric Encephalomyelitis","Demyelinating Disorders","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-04-17",{"date":66,"type":33},"2026-04-20",{"date":68,"type":21},"2026-03-29",{"date":70,"type":21},"2027-04",{"name":72,"class":73},"Assiut University","OTHER",{"id":75,"slug":76,"hasResults":11,"nctId":77,"briefTitle":78,"officialTitle":79,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":80,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":81,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":82,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":4,"briefSummary":84,"conditions":85,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":63,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":86,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":87,"startDateStruct":89,"completionDateStruct":91,"leadSponsor":93,"locationsCount":4},"100607410","adams-prognostic-markers-100607410","NCT07188194","ADAM'S Prognostic Markers","Prospective Value of Clinical , CSF and MRI Findings in Pediatric Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. \\- First episode of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis( ADEM).\n2. \\- MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) performed within 7 days of symptom onset.\n3. \\- Age from 6 months up to 18 years\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. \\- History of prior demyelinating events\n2. \\- Alternative diagnoses (e.g., CNS infections, metabolic disorders).","6 Minutes",{"count":83,"type":21},32,"Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that predominantly affects children. It typically presents with an acute onset of multifocal neurological symptoms, often preceded by a viral infection or, less commonly, vaccination. ADEM is characterized radiologically by widespread, bilateral, asymmetric lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and is often monophasic in nature.\n\nDespite generally favorable outcomes, a subset of patients may experience significant neurological sequelae, prolonged recovery, or even conversion to chronic demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or multiphasic ADEM. The early identification of patients at risk for poor outcomes remains a clinical challenge, as the course of the disease is highly variable.\n\nCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential components in the diagnostic workup of ADEM. Certain CSF features-such as pleocytosis, elevated protein levels, or the presence of oligoclonal bands-may reflect the underlying immunological activity and CNS inflammation. Similarly, specific MRI characteristics-such as lesion distribution, size, contrast enhancement, or involvement of deep gray matter-may correlate with disease severity and long-term prognosis.\n\nThe clinical presentation of ADEM is heterogeneous. Common features include encephalopathy (ranging from irritability to coma), seizures, motor deficits, ataxia, visual disturbances, and brainstem symptoms. The severity and combination of these manifestations can vary widely between patients. Several studies suggest that certain clinical features may correlate with poorer prognosis, such as prolonged or deep coma, recurrent seizures, early need for intensive care, and delayed initiation of immunotherapy.",[27],"2025-09-20",{"date":88,"type":33},"2025-09-23",{"date":90,"type":21},"2025-09",{"date":92,"type":21},"2026-10",{"name":72,"class":73},{"id":95,"slug":96,"hasResults":11,"nctId":97,"briefTitle":98,"officialTitle":98,"acronym":99,"eligibilityCriteria":100,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":101,"enrollmentInfo":102,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":104,"briefSummary":105,"conditions":106,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":111,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":112,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":116,"leadSponsor":118,"locationsCount":120},"100599698","assessment-of-transcranial-alternating-current-stimulations-clinical-efficacy-in-treating-cognitive-impairment-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-demyelinating-diseases-100599698","NCT07087873","Assessment of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation's Clinical Efficacy in Treating Cognitive Impairment of Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases","TACS-CI-IIDDs","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age: 18-60 years old.\n* Diagnosis: Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system that meet the diagnostic criteria.\n* Medications have been stable for at least three months.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Recurrence has been recorded in the past 3 months.\n* Have a pacemaker or other metal implant in the body.\n* Impaired skin integrity at the site of electrode placement.\n* Previous organic brain disease such as epilepsy, hydrocephalus, central nervous system tumors, brain injury, or intracranial infection.\n* Combined with severe or unstable organic diseases, such as heart, liver and kidney and other organ dysfunction.\n* Pregnant or lactating women, those who are planning to become pregnant in the near future.\n* Patient compliance is poor.\n* In the opinion of the investigator, there is a situation that is not suitable to participate in this study.","60 Years",{"count":103,"type":21},128,[24],"This study aims to explore the imaging and electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs), and their correlation with clinical manifestations. It also evaluates the effectiveness of transcranial electrical stimulation in alleviating clinical symptoms of IIDDs patients, and analyzes the key factors affecting the treatment efficacy. By uncovering the overall and individual characteristics of IIDDs, this study seeks to enhance therapeutic outcomes through personalized neuromodulation programs. The findings will provide a basis for applying non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in IIDDs treatment and offer new ideas for future personalized medicine approaches.",[107,108,109,27,110],"Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System","MS (Multiple Sclerosis)","NMOSD","Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation","2025-07-24",{"date":113,"type":33},"2025-07-28",{"date":115,"type":33},"2025-05-30",{"date":117,"type":21},"2027-10-31",{"name":119,"class":73},"Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing",1,{"id":122,"slug":123,"hasResults":11,"nctId":124,"briefTitle":125,"officialTitle":126,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":127,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":4,"maxAge":128,"enrollmentInfo":129,"targetDuration":18,"studyType":54,"phases":4,"briefSummary":131,"conditions":132,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":150,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":151,"startDateStruct":153,"completionDateStruct":155,"leadSponsor":157,"locationsCount":159},"100440580","swiss-pediatric-inflammatory-brain-disease-registry-swiss-ped-ibraind-100440580","NCT05017142","Swiss Pediatric Inflammatory Brain Disease Registry (Swiss-Ped-IBrainD)","Swiss Pediatric Inflammatory Bain Disease Cohort Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAll patients living and\u002For treated in Switzerland with an IBrainD specified in the following list diagnosed from 2005 onward and with a disease onset before the age of 18.\n\n* Written informed consent by patients (and\u002For legal representative(s), if applicable)\n* Optic Neuritis\n* Transverse Myelitis\n* Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis\n* Multiple Sclerosis\n* Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders\n* Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease\n* Anti-NMDA-R Encephalitis\n* Anti-GAD65 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis\n* Anti-AMPAR-1\u002F2 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis\n* Anti-Lgi-1 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis\n* Anti-CASPR-2 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis\n* Anti-GABAR-1\u002F2 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis\n* Onconeuronal Antibody (Hu, Ri, Yo, Amphiphysin, CRMP-5, Ma-1, Ma-2, SOX-1) Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis\n* Hashimoto Encephalopathy\n* CNS Vasculitis\n* CNS Sarcoidosis\n* CNS Lupus\n* Rasmussen Encephalitis\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Neurological symptoms due to infectious diseases of the CNS\n* Genetic\u002Fmetabolic causes of central demyelinating diseases\n* Neurological symptoms due to Guillain-Barré-Syndrome","36 Years",{"count":130,"type":21},500,"The Swiss-Ped-IBrainD is a national patient registry that collects information on diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and follow-up of pediatric patients with an inflammatory brain disease in Switzerland. It was first implemented in 2020 in the pediatric clinic of the university hospital in Bern. Further centers all over Switzerland opened for recruitment after that: Aarau, Basel, Bellinzona, Chur, Geneva, Lausanne, Lucerne, St. Gallen, Winterthur and Zurich. The center in Fribourg is expected open for recruitment in 2025. The registry provides data for national and international monitoring and research. It supports research on inflammatory brain diseases in Switzerland and the exchange of knowledge between clinicians, researchers, and therapists. The registry aims to improve the treatment of children with inflammatory brain diseases and optimizing their health care and quality of life.",[133,134,27,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149],"Optic Neuritis","Transverse Myelitis","Multiple Sclerosis","Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder","Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis","Anti-GAD65 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis","Anti-AMPAR-1\u002F2 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis","Anti-Lgi-1 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis","Anti-CASPR-2 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis","Anti-GABAR-1\u002F2 Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis","Onconeuronal Antibody (Hu, Ri, Yo, Amphiphysin, CRMP-5, Ma-1, Ma-2, SOX-1) Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis","Hashimoto Encephalitis","CNS Vasculitis","CNS Sarcoidosis","CNS Lupus","Rasmussen Encephalitis","Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD)","2024-12-11",{"date":152,"type":33},"2024-12-16",{"date":154,"type":33},"2020-04-14",{"date":156,"type":21},"2071-01-01",{"name":158,"class":73},"University of Bern",13,{"id":161,"slug":162,"hasResults":11,"nctId":163,"briefTitle":164,"officialTitle":165,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":166,"healthyVolunteers":167,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":168,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":4,"briefSummary":170,"conditions":171,"keywords":180,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":183,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":184,"startDateStruct":186,"completionDateStruct":188,"leadSponsor":190,"locationsCount":120},"100554663","biomarkers-in-autoimmune-disease-of-nervous-system-100554663","NCT06502015","Biomarkers in Autoimmune Disease of Nervous System","Biomarkers of Neurological Autoimmune Diseases","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Clinical diagnosis with autoinflammatory diseases of the nervous system, including: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), Myasthenia Gravis (MG), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), idiopathic inflammatory myopathy(IIM), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD), ect al.\n* sex and age-matched healthy individuals\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known history of primary immunodeficiency (innate or acquired).\n* Patients with severe central nervous system, pulmonary, or other systemic infections.\n* Patients with secondary central nervous system demyelinating lesions, such as those caused by vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome.\n* Patients with vascular (including hemorrhagic and ischemic), hereditary metabolic, neoplastic, or toxic diseases.\n* Pregnant or lactating women.",true,{"count":169,"type":21},50000,"Neurological autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal immune response attacking the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. These diseases exhibit high heterogeneity, diverse clinical presentations, and are challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of effective treatments. In this study, the investigators will recruit eight kinds of autoimmune diseases of nervous system including Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), Myasthenia Gravis (MG), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), and multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD). Through this study, the investigators aim to discover biomarkers with high sensitivity, specificity, and stability, which can support early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and personalized treatment for neurological autoimmune diseases, thereby improving the quality of life and prognosis for patients.",[172,136,135,173,27,174,175,176,177,178,179],"Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System","Guillain-Barre Syndrome","Autoimmune Encephalitis","Stiff-Person Syndrome","Myasthenia Gravis","Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy","Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies","Autoimmune Diseases",[181,172,182],"Biomarker","Immune cell","2024-11-17",{"date":185,"type":33},"2024-11-20",{"date":187,"type":33},"2024-07-31",{"date":189,"type":21},"2027-07",{"name":191,"class":73},"Tongji Hospital",{"id":193,"slug":194,"hasResults":11,"nctId":195,"briefTitle":196,"officialTitle":197,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":198,"healthyVolunteers":167,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":199,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":201,"briefSummary":202,"conditions":203,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":206,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":207,"startDateStruct":209,"completionDateStruct":211,"leadSponsor":213,"locationsCount":120},"100552548","efficacy-and-safety-of-calculus-bovis-sativus-cbs-for-idiopathic-inflammatory-demyelinating-disease-cbsiniidd-100552548","NCT06474520","Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease (CBSinIIDD)","An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* IIDD cohort:\n\n  * Subjects are capable of understanding the purpose and risks of the study, providing informed consent and authorizing the use of confidential health information in accordance with national and local privacy regulations.\n  * Both men and women are welcome, and the age at the time of providing informed consent is 18-65 years (inclusive).\n  * All women of childbearing age and all men must use contraceptive measures during the study and for at least 30 days after the last dose of study treatment. In addition, subjects should not donate sperm or eggs during the study and for at least 30 days after the last dose of study treatment.\n  * Must be diagnosed with\n\n    ① Multiple sclerosis, meet the 2017 revised McDonald criteria, and enter the MS cohort;\n\n    ② Aquaporin Protein-4-positive (AQP4) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, meet the 2015 international consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD), and AQP4 antibody positive, enter the AQP4-NMOSD cohort;\n\n    ③ Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disease, clinically diagnosed as MOGAD according to the 2023 international MOGAD diagnostic criteria, and positive MOG autoantibody test by cell-based-assay method;\n\n    ④ Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically diagnosed as ADEM according to the 2013 International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (IPMSSG) diagnostic criteria, characterized by multifocal neurological deficits, must have encephalopathy manifestations (behavioral changes and\u002For changes in consciousness that cannot be explained by fever, including irritability), and exclude other specific antibody-positive IIDD.\n  * EDSS score ≤ 4 points at baseline (visit 1).\n  * Stable neurological examination within 30 days prior to Baseline (Visit 1).\n* Healthy cohort:\n\n  * Age ≥ 18 years old when signing the informed consent form\n  * Healthy adult subjects without underlying diseases\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Any clinically significant cardiac, endocrine, hematologic, hepatic, immune, infectious, metabolic, urologic, pulmonary, neurological, dermatologic, psychiatric, and renal disease or other major medical history that the investigator determines would preclude participation in the clinical trial.\n* Any untreated teratoma or thymoma at the baseline visit (randomization)\n* Other causes of symptoms, including central nervous system infection, septic encephalopathy, metabolic encephalopathy, epileptic disorders, mitochondrial disease, Klein-Levin syndrome, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, rheumatic disease, Reyes syndrome, or inborn errors of metabolism.\n* History of herpes simplex encephalitis within the previous 24 weeks. 1.5. Any surgical procedure within 4 weeks prior to baseline, except laparoscopic surgery or minor surgery (defined as surgery requiring only local anesthesia or conscious sedation, i.e., surgery that does not require general, neuraxial, or regional anesthesia and can be performed on an outpatient basis; e.g., toenail surgery, mole surgery, wisdom tooth extraction), excluding thymoma or teratoma removal.\n* Planned surgery during the study (except minor surgery).\n* History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions, or any allergic reaction that the investigator believes may be exacerbated by any component of study treatment.\n* Current or history of malignant disease, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies (except for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma that have been completely resected and considered cured for at least 12 months prior to Day -1). Subjects with cancer remission for more than 5 years prior to baseline (Visit 1) may be included after discussion with the sponsor\u002Fsponsor approval.\n* A history of gastrointestinal surgery (except appendectomy or cholecystectomy performed more than 6 months before screening), irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), or other clinically significant active gastrointestinal diseases in the opinion of the investigator.\n* A history of clinically significant recurrent or active gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, constipation) within 90 days before screening, including the need to start symptomatic treatment (e.g., start medication for gastroesophageal reflux disease) or a change in symptomatic treatment within 90 days before screening (e.g., dose increase).\n* A history of diverticulitis or concurrent severe gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities (e.g., symptomatic diverticular disease) because the investigator believes that this may lead to an increased risk of complications such as GI perforation.\n* A history of blood donation (1 unit or more), plasma donation, or platelet donation within 90 days before screening.\n* Active suicidal ideation within 6 months before screening, or a history of suicide attempt within 3 years before screening.\n* Based on the investigator's judgment, there are serious diseases or abnormalities in the clinical laboratory test results that prevent the patient from completing the study or participating in the study safely.\n* Pregnant or lactating, or planning to become pregnant during the study or within 3 months after the last dose of the study drug; women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test result at screening and a negative urine pregnancy test result before the start of the study.\n* The subject's mental or physical condition will hinder the evaluation of efficacy and safety.\n* Systolic blood pressure \\>150 mmHg or \\\u003C90 mmHg after sitting still for 5 minutes or before dosing at screening. If out of range, it can be measured again at screening and before dosing. If the repeated measurement value is still out of range, the subject shall not receive the drug.\n* Subjects with second or third degree atrioventricular block or sick sinus syndrome, poorly controlled atrial fibrillation, severe or unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, or significant ECG abnormalities, including corrected QT interval \\>450 msec (male) or 470 msec (female), where corrected QT interval is determined based on the Fridericia correction method, within 3 months prior to the screening visit.\n* Planned elective procedures or surgeries at any time after signing the Informed Consent Form by follow-up visit.\n* Any condition that affects the absorption of study treatment (e.g., gastrectomy).\n* History of hypersensitivity to heparin or history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.\n* Subjects with abnormalities in medical history, physical examination, ECG, or diagnostic laboratory tests that the investigator considers to be clinically relevant.\n* History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or positive test results at screening.\n* Current infection with hepatitis C (defined as positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and detectable HCV RNA). Subjects with positive HCV antibodies and HCV RNA below the limit of detection are eligible to participate in the study.\n* Current infection with hepatitis B (defined as positive HBsAg and\u002For positive total anti-HBc).\n* Chronic, recurrent, or severe infection (e.g., pneumonia, sepsis) within 90 days prior to baseline (visit 1).\n* History of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis or positive latent TB test result.\n* Symptoms of bacterial, fungal, or viral infection (including upper respiratory tract infection) within 28 days prior to baseline (visit 1). Subjects with localized fungal infection (e.g., candidiasis, tinea) are eligible for rescreening after successful treatment of the infection.\n* Infection requiring hospitalization or IV anti-infective medication within 4 weeks prior to baseline visit.\n* Any live or live attenuated vaccine within 28 days prior to baseline (visit 1) or planned during the study.\n* Contraindications to all of the following salvage therapies: rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose corticosteroids, or IV cyclophosphamide.\n* History of or receipt of the following treatments: Total lymphoid irradiation, cladribine, T-cell or T Cell recipient vaccination, total body irradiation, or total lymphoid irradiation at any time. Stem cell transplantation at any time.\n* Abnormal laboratory values determined by the investigator to be clinically significant at Screening or Baseline (Visit 1).\n* Any of the following blood test abnormalities at Screening: a. White blood cell count \\\u003C 3.0 × 10\\^3\u002FµL. b. Absolute neutrophil count \\\u003C 2.0 × 10\\^3\u002FµL. c. Absolute lymphocyte count \\\u003C 0.5 × 10\\^3\u002FµL. d. Platelet count \\\u003C × 10 × 10\\^4\u002FµL. e. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, or γ-glutamyl transpeptidase ≥ 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or bilirubin \\> 2 x ULN. f. glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2. g. Lymphocyte count \\\u003C lower limit of normal\n* Any of the following urine test abnormalities at Screening: a. β-2-microglobulin\\>0.3 μg\u002FmL. b. Albumin\u002Fcreatinine ratio\\>22.6 mg\u002Fmmol.\n* Previous participation in this study.\n* Blood donation (1 unit or more) within 90 days before screening, plasma donation within 1 week before screening, and platelet donation within 6 weeks before screening.\n* History of alcohol or drug abuse in the past year (determined by the investigator).\n* Pregnant or lactating subjects, as well as subjects planning to become pregnant or start breastfeeding at any time during the study and within 30 days after completion of study treatment.\n* Participating in a clinical trial or having participated in a clinical trial within 90 days before screening.\n* History of clinically significant suicidal thoughts or behaviors in the past 12 months as assessed by Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale at screening.\n* Unwilling or unable to comply with protocol requirements.\n* The patient has obvious hearing or vision impairment, language barriers, claustrophobia, etc., which makes the patient unable to cooperate with the neuropsychological scale assessment and MRI examination.\n* The researcher or sponsor believes that there are other unknown reasons that make the subject unsuitable for inclusion.",{"count":200,"type":21},250,[24],"According to the records of traditional Chinese medicine, CBS has the following functions: clearing the heart, resolving phlegm, promoting bile secretion, and calming the nerves. It can treat fever, coma, delirium, epilepsy, convulsions in children, dental caries, throat swelling, oral sores, carbuncle, and furuncle.\n\nThe significant pathophysiological process of primary inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (hereinafter referred to as IIDD) is the activation of the immune system of the central nervous system and the enhancement of inflammation. It includes several common diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disease (MOGAD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), concentric sclerosis, tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating disease, etc.\n\nCombined with the inspiration brought to us by the above background research, especially bilirubin and bile acid are closely related to intestinal digestive function, and CBS is clinically effective through oral administration by subjects, the investigators speculate that CBS is likely to exert its immune, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on the brain by changing the intestinal flora and regulating the brain-gut axis. In terms of symptoms, CBS is likely to have the effect of improving the clinical symptoms of IIDD subjects and reducing disability.",[204,135,136,205,27],"Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease","Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease","2024-09-19",{"date":208,"type":33},"2024-09-20",{"date":210,"type":33},"2024-08-08",{"date":212,"type":21},"2029-12",{"name":191,"class":73},{"id":215,"slug":216,"hasResults":11,"nctId":217,"briefTitle":218,"officialTitle":219,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":220,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":221,"enrollmentInfo":222,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":4,"briefSummary":224,"conditions":225,"keywords":230,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":233,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":234,"startDateStruct":236,"completionDateStruct":238,"leadSponsor":240,"locationsCount":120},"100557708","sun-yat-sen-cohort-of-cns-idiopathic-inflammatory-demyelinating-diseases-100557708","NCT06541626","Sun Yat-Sen Cohort of CNS Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases","Sun Yat-Sen Prospective Cohort Study of Central Nervous System Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients aged 18-65 years with central nervous system idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IIDD);\n2. The clinical syndrome of the attack meets one of the following: MS, NMOSD, MOGAD, ADEM, clinically isolated syndrome, demyelinating encephalopathy, demyelinating myelitis, or brainstem encephalitis (see below A-E);\n3. Agree to participate in this study and sign the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of tumors or diagnosis of central nervous system tumors;\n2. Infectious lesions of the central nervous system;\n3. Hereditary, metabolic, toxic, vascular, or traumatic demyelinating diseases of the brain\u002Fspinal cord;\n4. Non-compliance with treatment and follow-up.","65 Years",{"count":223,"type":21},450,"The goal of this observational study is to learn about pathogenesis and clinical prognosis of CNS IIDD in the Chinese population and to provide evidence-based clues for clinical treatment decisions.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nQuestion 1: Clarify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of various diseases (MS, NMOSD, MOGAD, etc.) within IIDD in the Chinese population.\n\nQuestion 2: Analyze the relationship between biomarkers and the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of CNS IIDD cases in our hospital.\n\nParticipants will\n\n1. Receive the recommended diagnosis and treatment plans from current international and national guidelines or expert consensus, without additional special interventions.\n2. Receive clinical evaluation, follow-up, and management from dedicated neuroimmunology specialists.",[226,227,205,27,228,229],"Multiple Sclerosis, MS","Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders","Clinically Isolated Syndrome","Demyelinating Disorder",[231,232],"CNS IIDD","follow-up","2024-08-02",{"date":235,"type":33},"2024-08-07",{"date":237,"type":33},"2024-01-01",{"date":239,"type":21},"2035-12-31",{"name":241,"class":73},"Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University",{"id":243,"slug":244,"hasResults":11,"nctId":245,"briefTitle":246,"officialTitle":247,"acronym":248,"eligibilityCriteria":249,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":250,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":4,"briefSummary":252,"conditions":253,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":29,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":258,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":259,"startDateStruct":261,"completionDateStruct":263,"leadSponsor":265,"locationsCount":120},"100451120","china-national-registry-of-neuro-inflammatory-diseases-100451120","NCT05154370","China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases","China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases: a Prospective Cohort Study","CNRID","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 1\\. No requirement for age and sex\n* 2\\. Need to meet the diagnosis of at least one IDD (clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)\u002Fmultiple sclerosis (MS)\u002Fneuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)\u002FMOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)\u002Facute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).\n* 3\\. Signed informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Those with severe mental disease unable to cooperate with the examination and\u002For follow-up.\n* Any patient (or the patient's legal representative) who is unable or refuses to sign informed consent.",{"count":251,"type":21},10000,"Central nervous system (CNS) idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDD) are mainly diseases caused by autoimmune factors that result in CNS demyelination damage and loss. It tends to accumulate in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Multiple sclerosis (MS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are all common IDDs of the CNS. Besides, primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), etc. may also be included because they are important differential diagnoses. This study will establish a large prospective cohort study database of Chinese IDD, which will record detailed electronic information on IDD patients, including demographic and socioeconomic data, medical history, clinical information, medication, and relevant examination results. The long-term observational study will be used to understand the natural history of disease, disability progression rates, imaging and biological indicators, long-term treatment approaches and prognosis of Chinese patients with IDD, to find predictive markers for IDD progression and prognosis, and to identify factors that influence the treatment and prognosis of patients with IDD.",[135,254,228,255,27,256,257],"NMO Spectrum Disorder","CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases","Primay Angiitis of the Central Nervous System","Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy","2023-07-19",{"date":260,"type":33},"2023-07-21",{"date":262,"type":33},"2021-12-15",{"date":264,"type":21},"2026-11-01",{"name":266,"class":73},"Beijing Tiantan Hospital"]