[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"anosmia\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:anosmia":30},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,9,0,[8,51,79,107,136,162,184,204,233],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":39,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":40,"startDateStruct":43,"completionDateStruct":45,"leadSponsor":47,"locationsCount":50},"100562228","slow-speed-uk-a-double-blind-randomised-feasibility-trial-100562228",false,"NCT06600438","Slow-SPEED UK: A Double-Blind Randomised Feasibility Trial","Slow-SPEED-United Kingdom: A Double-Blind Randomised Feasibility Trial of a Remote Gamified Physical Activity Programme in Adults With Hyposmia.","Slow-SPEED","Inclusion criteria\n\n* Age ≥ 40 years\n* Objective hyposmia, defined as scoring below the 15th percentile (adjusted for age\u002Fsex) on UPSIT\n* Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent\n* Proficiency in written and spoken English sufficient to complete study procedures.\n* Willingness and ability to attend baseline (in-person), 9-month (remote), and 18-month (in-person) assessments.\n* Access to telephone or internet for interim communication. Specifically, in possession of a suitable smartphone (screen size minimum 4.6 inch; Android version 9 or iOS version 15 or newer).\n* Physical activity threshold: During the 4-week eligibility run-in, the mean daily step count must be \\\u003C7,000 steps\u002Fday, calculated over ≥21 valid days (a valid day = ≥10 hours wear time or ≥1,000 steps). If recruitment after the first 2 months is \\\u003C60-70% of target, and subject to TSC\u002FSponsor approval and REC amendment, eligibility may be broadened to \\\u003C10,000 steps\u002Fday (i.e. participants averaging 7,000-9,999 steps\u002Fday become eligible).\n\nExclusion criteria\n\n* Clinical diagnosis of PD, dementia, or other neurodegenerative conditions\n* Severe or unstable medical or psychiatric illness likely to impair participation\n* Use of agents known to alter olfaction (e.g. intranasal zinc, chronic corticosteroids)\n* Current enrolment in an interventional study within the past 3 months (standard research retention guidance).\n* Inability to complete study procedures in English, per investigator assessment\n* Unable to give consent\n* Participants not living independently in the community. Participants in nursing homes, hospitalised persons on in a non-institutionalised setting are excluded.\n* Subject's personal smartphone is Fitbit-incompatible i.e. Huawei P8 Lite; Huawei P9 Lite; Xiaomi Mi 6; Huawei P20 Lite\n* Activity level above threshold during eligibility run-in: mean daily step count ≥7,000 steps\u002Fday (or ≥10,000 steps\u002Fday if the broadened threshold is activated).","ALL","40 Years","100 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},110,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","Slow-SPEED UK is an 18-month randomised, double-blind feasibility trial evaluating the delivery, adherence, and acceptability of a digitally supported physical activity programme in community-dwelling adults aged 40 and over with objectively confirmed hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) and low baseline physical activity.\n\nParticipants are randomly assigned 1:1 to either a full-dose activity-support programme (targeting a 100% increase in daily step count) or a very low-dose active control (targeting a 10% increase). Both arms are delivered via a smartphone application linked to a wearable activity monitor (Fitbit Charge 6), with personalised weekly goals expressed as relative percentages to maintain blinding. The study is not designed to test clinical efficacy.",[28,29,30],"Hyposmia","Olfactory Dysfunction","Anosmia",[28,32,33,34,35,36,37],"Physical activity","Feasibility randomized controlled trial","Wearable technology","Smartphone application","Olfactory dysfunction","Digital health intervention","RECRUITING","2026-06-24",{"date":41,"type":42},"2026-06-29","ACTUAL",{"date":44,"type":42},"2026-05-27",{"date":46,"type":22},"2027-10-31",{"name":48,"class":49},"Queen Mary University of London","OTHER",1,{"id":52,"slug":53,"hasResults":11,"nctId":54,"briefTitle":55,"officialTitle":56,"acronym":57,"eligibilityCriteria":58,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":59,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":60,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":62,"briefSummary":63,"conditions":64,"keywords":66,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":70,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":71,"startDateStruct":73,"completionDateStruct":75,"leadSponsor":77,"locationsCount":50},"100572466","scents-of-progress-leveraging-a-novel-device-for-olfactory-training-in-older-adults-100572466","NCT06733636","Scents of Progress: Leveraging a Novel Device for Olfactory Training in Older Adults","SPLENDOR-OA; Scents of Progress: Leveraging a Novel Device for Olfactory Training in Older Adults","SPLENDOR-OA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults 60 years of age or older.\n* English-speaking patients.\n* Patients with a diminished or lost sense of smell.\n* Patients who have not done smell training before\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who are sensitive to any of the scents used in the study.\n* Patients with a diagnosis of congenital anosmia.","60 Years",{"count":61,"type":22},60,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if ScentCare, a novel olfactory training device and accompanying companion web-based application, will lead to improved olfactory and well-being outcomes in elderly patients with Olfactory Dysfunction (OD). The main question it aims to answer is:\n\n\\- What effect does the olfactory training device (ScentCare) and accompanying companion web-based application have on olfaction?\n\nResearchers will compare ScentCare to solving Sudoku puzzles to see the effects of olfactory training using this novel device on olfaction. Previous studies have used Sudoku puzzles when studying the effect of smell training. Since smell training is thought to work by stimulating and engaging higher order cognition, Sudoku is a suitable activity for participants in the control group since it serves as a correlate with similar degree of stimulation.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Use ScentCare (intervention) or solve Sudoku puzzles (control) twice daily for 3 months.\n* Visit the clinic twice, once upon enrollment and once three months later.\n* Complete a formal smell test using Sniffin' Sticks smell test at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study (3 months) during the initial and follow up visit.\n* Complete questionnaires at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study (3 months) during the initial and follow up visit.",[29,65,30,28],"Smell Loss",[29,67,68,69,65,30,28],"Olfactory Training","Smell Training","Smell Training Device","2026-04-10",{"date":72,"type":42},"2026-04-13",{"date":74,"type":42},"2025-04-15",{"date":76,"type":22},"2027-03-31",{"name":78,"class":49},"Johns Hopkins University",{"id":80,"slug":81,"hasResults":11,"nctId":82,"briefTitle":83,"officialTitle":84,"acronym":85,"eligibilityCriteria":86,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":87,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":88,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":90,"briefSummary":91,"conditions":92,"keywords":94,"overallStatus":97,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":98,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":99,"startDateStruct":101,"completionDateStruct":103,"leadSponsor":105,"locationsCount":4},"100622422","intranasal-platelet-rich-plasma-with-or-without-topical-insulin-for-post-inflammatory-anosmia-100622422","NCT07383415","Intranasal Platelet-Rich Plasma With or Without Topical Insulin for Post-Inflammatory Anosmia","Assessing the Effectiveness of Combined Intranasal Platelet-rich Plasma Plus Topical Insulin Versus Platelet-rich Plasma Alone in the Treatment of Post Inflammatory Anosmia: a Randomized Controlled Trial","PRP-I RCT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction despite olfactory training therapy\n* Loss of smell within the past 5 years\n* Loss of smell occurred after an infection\n* Platelet count is over 150,000 platelets per microliter\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nHave a history of or currently have sinonasal tumours Have a history of surgery or radiotherapy for the base of your skull Have been treated with antibiotics in the past month before surgery Have a condition called systemic vasculitis or any bleeding disorder Have a suspected or known allergy to insulin or PRP or Platelet Lysate (PL) Have inhaled drugs (i.e cocaine) in the past 6 months of your enrollment Smell loss is due to a head trauma or after surgery Unable to complete the Sniffin Stick Smell test or questionnaires","19 Years",{"count":89,"type":22},20,[25],"This study evaluates whether adding topical insulin to intranasal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improves smell recovery in adults with post-inflammatory anosmia. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either intranasal PRP combined with topical insulin or intranasal PRP alone. Changes in olfactory function will be assessed over time to compare the effectiveness and safety of the two treatments.",[30,93],"Inflammatory Anosmia",[95,96],"PRP","PRP-INSULIN","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-01-26",{"date":100,"type":42},"2026-02-03",{"date":102,"type":22},"2026-03-30",{"date":104,"type":22},"2027-01-01",{"name":106,"class":49},"Amin Javer",{"id":108,"slug":109,"hasResults":11,"nctId":110,"briefTitle":111,"officialTitle":112,"acronym":113,"eligibilityCriteria":114,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":117,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":118,"briefSummary":120,"conditions":121,"keywords":122,"overallStatus":97,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":126,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":127,"startDateStruct":129,"completionDateStruct":131,"leadSponsor":133,"locationsCount":50},"100604606","phase-3-topical-versus-injection-prp-for-olfactory-dysfunction-100604606","NCT07151703","Topical Versus Injection PRP for Olfactory Dysfunction","Carrier-Assisted Topical Application Versus Intranasal Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for Olfactory Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial","TOP-IN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged between 18 and 80 years, regardless of sex\n* Subjective complaint of olfactory dysfunction with confirmed hyposmia or anosmia based on standardized olfactory testing\n* History of at least 3 months of prior olfactory training but with persistent olfactory complaints\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Congenital anosmia\n* Diagnosed neurological or structural brain abnormalities (e.g., brain tumor, major head trauma, stroke) with low likelihood of olfactory recovery\n* Inability or unwillingness to comply with study procedures or follow-up assessments","18 Years","80 Years",{"count":61,"type":22},[119],"PHASE3","The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether two different delivery methods of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve olfactory function in adults with persistent olfactory dysfunction lasting more than three months. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n1. Does carrier-assisted topical application of PRP lead to comparable or better improvement in smell function than intranasal injection of PRP?\n2. Which method provides greater patient comfort and fewer adverse effects?\n\nResearchers will compare carrier-assisted topical PRP application to intranasal PRP injection to see if one approach is more effective in restoring olfactory function.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n1. Receive a single PRP treatment delivered either by injection or via a PRP-soaked carrier placed into the olfactory cleft.\n2. Continue daily olfactory training for three months following the intervention.\n3. Undergo smell testing (Sniffin' Sticks) before and after treatment and complete quality-of-life questionnaires.",[29,30,28],[30,28,123,124,125],"Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)","Intranasal Injection","Randomized Controlled Trial","2025-08-25",{"date":128,"type":42},"2025-09-03",{"date":130,"type":22},"2025-10-01",{"date":132,"type":22},"2028-12-31",{"name":134,"class":135},"Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","OTHER_GOV",{"id":137,"slug":138,"hasResults":11,"nctId":139,"briefTitle":140,"officialTitle":141,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":142,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":143,"enrollmentInfo":144,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":146,"briefSummary":147,"conditions":148,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":153,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":154,"startDateStruct":156,"completionDateStruct":158,"leadSponsor":160,"locationsCount":50},"100467236","olfactory-training-on-smell-dysfunction-patients-in-hk-100467236","NCT05364125","Olfactory Training on Smell Dysfunction Patients in HK","Effect of Olfactory Training on Olfactory Dysfunction Patients in Hong Kong Population","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Olfactory dysfunction \\> 6 months and \\\u003C 5 years\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of significant head injury (fracture, ICH)\n* History of brain surgery\n* History of nasal surgery\n* Active nasal disease\n* Active neurological disease\n* Poor premorbid status\u002F non-communicable patients\n* Mentally incompetent patients\n* \\\u003C18 years' old\n* Pregnancy\n* Hypersensitivity to the aromatic substance.","70 Years",{"count":145,"type":22},80,[25],"* Causes of olfactory dysfunction can be classified into conductive and sensorineural causes.\n* Conductive causes are mainly due to structural nasal problem, which can be treated by nasal surgery\n* Sensorineural causes included post-infection, post-head injury, post Head and Neck irradiation and other central nervous system diseases.\n* Olfactory Training is well established treatment for sensorineural olfactory dysfunction in foreign countries.\n* Olfactory Training by neurological chemosensory stimulation using aromatic substances delivered via electronic portable aromatic rehabilitation (EPAR) diffuser was proved to be effective treatment in COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction in recent Hong Kong study.\n* However, there is a lack of local study on the effect of Olfactory Training in other non-COVID-19 sensorineural causes of olfactory dysfunction in Hong Kong population.",[149,150,30,28,151,65,152],"Olfaction Disorders","Smell Disorders","Olfactory Impairment","Smell Dysfunction","2025-05-28",{"date":155,"type":42},"2025-06-03",{"date":157,"type":42},"2022-07-01",{"date":159,"type":22},"2027-06-30",{"name":161,"class":49},"Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital",{"id":163,"slug":164,"hasResults":11,"nctId":165,"briefTitle":166,"officialTitle":166,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":167,"healthyVolunteers":168,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":169,"enrollmentInfo":170,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":172,"briefSummary":173,"conditions":174,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":97,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":175,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":176,"startDateStruct":178,"completionDateStruct":180,"leadSponsor":182,"locationsCount":4},"100587581","efficacy-of-platelet-rich-plasma-in-management-of-anosmia-100587581","NCT06930248","Efficacy of Platelet-rich Plasma in Management of Anosmia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* sex:both gender.\n* UPSIT score up to 10 of 40\n* all patients who suffer from anosmia\n* normal airway passage\n* CT free of any sinonasal obstrucive lesions.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age: below 18 years old and above 50years old.\n* All patients with bilateral nasal obstruction related to chronic sinusitis, bilateral nasal polyposis,septum ,turbinate hypertrophy,tumors.\n* UPSIT score more than 10 of 40.\n* Traumatic causes of anosmia.\n* All patients with medical history of blood diseases and diabetic and hypertensive patients.\n* any medical treatment affect coagulation or bone marrow for 2 weeks prior to testing ..",true,"50 Years",{"count":171,"type":22},100,[25],"Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent disorder that affects up to 20% of the general population and has significant effects on a person's quality of life as well as increased morbidity and mortality (Croy I et al., 2014;Nordin S et al\n\n.,2008). Anosmia is the inability to perceive the odor or a lack of functioning olfaction; it may be temporary or permanent. Organic anosmia is loss of smell due to nasal obstruction caused by sinonasal diseases (as nasal polyps, tumors, postoperative) preventing odorant molecules from reaching olfactory mucosa. Functional anosmia affects up to 5% of the general population and 10% of those older than 65 . Functional anosmia is due to damage of peripheral olfactory area causing permanent loss of smell as post-traumatic, post viral infection. . 20% of individuals aged 20 to 90 years have impaired olfactory Function . The etiology of olfactory dysfunction is quite varied, including post viral posttraumatic, and idiopathic loss of smell. Unfortunately, with these etiologies, the likelihood of spontaneous recovery is generally poor with only approximately one-third of people regaining function and the duration of loss negatively correlating with recovery rate . Treatment for olfactory dysfunction is also limited. Best evidence studies recommend olfactory training and topical steroid nasal irrigations as potential therapeutics, yet both have limited efficacy . PRP is an autologous materials known to have anti-inflammatory and proregenerative properties including up regulation of growth factors including transforming growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor. It has been used as a safe therapy effective in treating inflammation, wound healing, and peripheral neuropathies in other clinical settings. In particular, PRP has been shown to promote axon regeneration and neuroregeneration .",[30],"2025-04-08",{"date":177,"type":42},"2025-04-16",{"date":179,"type":22},"2025-05-01",{"date":181,"type":22},"2026-05-01",{"name":183,"class":49},"Sohag University",{"id":185,"slug":186,"hasResults":11,"nctId":187,"briefTitle":188,"officialTitle":188,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":189,"healthyVolunteers":168,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":190,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":192,"briefSummary":193,"conditions":194,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":195,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":196,"startDateStruct":198,"completionDateStruct":200,"leadSponsor":202,"locationsCount":50},"100574976","investigating-the-efficacy-of-omt-to-recover-olfactory-perception-after-covid-19-100574976","NCT06766279","Investigating the Efficacy of OMT to Recover Olfactory Perception After COVID-19","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Positive COVID-19 test or diagnoses\n* Self-reported deficiency in sense of smell\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age under 18 years\n* Pregnancy\n* Any findings on the osteopathic screening\u002Fevaluation that would hinder the effectiveness or increase the risk associated with OA decompression\n* Any medication that interferes with the sense of smell (intranasal zinc, intranasal antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids)\n* Allergic rhinitis\n* Use of oral corticosteroids or antihistamines.",{"count":191,"type":22},32,[25],"One of the most widespread symptoms of COVID-19 is loss of the sense of smell. There are very few treatments for helping individuals recover their sense of smell. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may be a useful tool in helping people recover their smell perception. In this study the investigators test whether OMT can be used to help individuals recover their sense of smell if they lost it during COVID-19.",[30],"2025-01-08",{"date":197,"type":42},"2025-01-09",{"date":199,"type":42},"2024-08-29",{"date":201,"type":22},"2025-08",{"name":203,"class":49},"Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine",{"id":205,"slug":206,"hasResults":11,"nctId":207,"briefTitle":208,"officialTitle":209,"acronym":210,"eligibilityCriteria":211,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":212,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":214,"briefSummary":215,"conditions":216,"keywords":220,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":224,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":225,"startDateStruct":227,"completionDateStruct":229,"leadSponsor":231,"locationsCount":50},"100468805","olfactory-training-as-a-treatment-for-olfactory-dysfunction-post-covid-19-100468805","NCT05384561","Olfactory Training As a Treatment for Olfactory Dysfunction Post COVID-19","L'entraînement Olfactif Comme Traitement De La Dysfonction Olfactive Post COVID-19","OTTODC19","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient diagnosed positive for COVID-19 with persistent olfactory dysfunction\n* Willing and able to provide written informed consent\n* Understand and read the French language\n* Have an internet connection and a working email address\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Anosmia and hyposmia pre-covid-19\n* Be known chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis\n* Have received radiotherapy or chemotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors\n* Have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis or any other neurodegenerative disease 5. Have a brain tumor or ENT diagnosis 6. History of naso-sinus surgery; 7. History of traumatic brain injury",{"count":213,"type":22},70,[25],"Olfactory dysfunction is a defining symptom of COVID-19 infection. Studies have demonstrated improved olfaction in patients with post infectious olfactory dysfunction after an olfactory training (OT). The aim of this study is to assess the clinical outcomes of olfactory training (12 weeks) therapy in the treatment of persistent olfactory dysfunctions after COVID-19. Specially, we aim to compare the effectiveness of two different olfactory training (different odors).\n\nA group will train themselves with 4 scents (rose, orange, clove and eucalyptus) and another group with 4 different scents (cheese, coffee, strawberries and lemon). Olfaction sensory evaluation will be performed by using different olfaction tests (Sniffin' Sticks and UPSIT) and complete questionnaires to assess olfactory perception and particularly parosmia and phantosmia.",[28,217,218,30,219],"COVID-19","Parosmia","SARS-CoV-2 Infection",[221,222,223],"Olfactory training","Chemosensory impairments","Persistent smell impairment","2024-12-11",{"date":226,"type":42},"2024-12-17",{"date":228,"type":42},"2022-05-31",{"date":230,"type":22},"2025-09",{"name":232,"class":49},"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières",{"id":234,"slug":235,"hasResults":11,"nctId":236,"briefTitle":237,"officialTitle":238,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":239,"healthyVolunteers":168,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":240,"targetDuration":242,"studyType":243,"phases":4,"briefSummary":244,"conditions":245,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":247,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":248,"startDateStruct":250,"completionDateStruct":252,"leadSponsor":254,"locationsCount":50},"100443970","the-nasal-microbiome-and-its-importance-in-disease-100443970","NCT05061329","The Nasal Microbiome and Its Importance in Disease","The Importance of the Nasal Microbiome in Transmission and Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Does not wish to participate in study",{"count":241,"type":22},619,"6 Months","OBSERVATIONAL","Methods: all studies are case control studies on six different groups: normal individuals, non-COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction, COVID-19 positive patients, previous COVID-19 positive patients with prolonged olfactory dysfunction, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps, and patients with CRS initiating intranasal glucocorticoids.. The patients will be included from the ear-, nose, and throat department and the University Clinic for Flavour, Balance, and Sleep Regional Hospital Gødstrup, as well as Flavour Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (AU), and the long COVID-19 clinics in Aarhus and Gødstrup.\n\nMicrobiome samples will be swabs from the nasal cavity and oral pharynx will be collected and analysed using next-generation sequencing targeting 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA at the Department of Bacteria, Parasite \\& Fungi at Staten Serum Institute (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark. Characterization of the microbiome is performed by 16S\u002F18S amplicon-based metagenomics, and data are analyzed by various bio-informatic tools for determination\u002Fvisualization of alpha\u002Fbeta diversity as well as principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Immunological factors will be collected by means of six swabs: in the nasal cavity and used for either flowcytometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\n\nFor comparison, truecut biopsies of the nasal mucosa are collected from a subgroup of patients undergoing surgery in general anaesthesia.\n\nDue to the novelty of the current study, little relevant information from previous literature can be used for power calculation. However, with an alpha of 5% and a power of 80%, the population size for each group should be 42 participants, assuming the occurrence of bacteria differs with 30% between populations. Taking 20% drop out into account, the investigators aim to include 60 patients in each group.\n\nPerspectives:\n\nThe perspectives of this study is to begin bridging the gap between gut and upper airway microbiome and immunology research. Looking at the explosion of interest in the gut, and in personalized medicine in general, the investigators likewise foresee a huge potential for both general and individual prevention and treatments starting with a deeper understanding of the nasal microbiome and immunology. Examples beyond the scope of this study could be microbiome transplants for chronic sufferers of diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, allergies or asthma, or in selecting which patients could reap the benefits of the expensive biological treatments emerging on the market.",[246,217,30],"Chronic Rhinosinusitis (Diagnosis)","2023-11-30",{"date":249,"type":42},"2023-12-07",{"date":251,"type":42},"2020-12-21",{"date":253,"type":22},"2026-12-31",{"name":255,"class":49},"University of Aarhus"]