[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"bone-defects\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:bone-defects":24},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,8,0,[8,49,66,92,118,143,173,201],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":4,"briefSummary":22,"conditions":23,"keywords":26,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":38,"startDateStruct":41,"completionDateStruct":43,"leadSponsor":45,"locationsCount":48},"100590885","evaluation-of-the-safety-and-performance-of-the-neocement-inject-p-100590885",false,"NCT06973239","Evaluation of the Safety and Performance of the Neocement® Inject P","Evaluation of the Safety and Performance of the Neocement® Inject P: A Prospective Observational Study in Orthopaedic Area","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult males or females (age \\> 18 years old);\n* Patients with bone defect treatment who meet predefined criteria in Instructions For Use (IFU) of Neocement® Inject P;\n* Patients who are able to sign an informed consent form (for data collection)\n* Patients with bone defects, which may be surgically created or result from traumatic injury to the bone;\n* Patients with bone skeletal defects that are not intrinsic to the stability of the bone structure or with a site that can be stabilized;\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who are unable to understand consent and the objectives of the study;\n* Signs of local or systemic acute\u002F active or chronic infections;\n* Metabolic affections;\n* Severe degenerative diseases, conditions in which general bone grafting is not advisable;\n* Implementation sites that allow product migration;\n* Conditions which require structural support in the skeletal system;\n* Conditions where the implantation site is unstable and not rigidly fixated;\n* Sensibility to the implantable materials;\n* Known hypersensitivity to the implant material.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":19,"type":20},80,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","This study aims to collect real-world clinical data to gather information on the performance and safety of the Neocement® Inject P when used according to its intended purpose and current clinical applications. The results of the clinical study will serve as clinical evidence for the device's clinical evaluation, targeting submission to the new Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017\u002F745.",[24,25],"Bone Defects","Orthopaedic Surgery (30 Minutes or Longer)",[27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35],"Neocement® Inject P","prospective observational clinical study","medical device","performance and safety","bone defects","real-world clinical data","post-market","calcium phosphates","synthetic bone substitute","RECRUITING","2026-06-17",{"date":39,"type":40},"2026-06-18","ACTUAL",{"date":42,"type":40},"2025-09-05",{"date":44,"type":20},"2027-06",{"name":46,"class":47},"Bioceramed","INDUSTRY",1,{"id":50,"slug":51,"hasResults":11,"nctId":52,"briefTitle":53,"officialTitle":54,"acronym":55,"eligibilityCriteria":56,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":57,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":4,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":60,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":62,"startDateStruct":63,"completionDateStruct":64,"leadSponsor":65,"locationsCount":48},"100590884","evaluation-of-the-safety-and-performance-of-the-neocement-100590884","NCT06973226","Evaluation of the Safety and Performance of the Neocement®","Evaluation of the Safety and Performance of the Neocement®: A Prospective Observational Study in Orthopaedic Area","Neocement01","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult males or females (age \\> 18 years old);\n* Patients with bone defect treatment who meet predefined criteria in Instructions For Use (IFU) of Neocement®;\n* Patients who are able to sign an informed consent form (for data collection)\n* Patients with bone defects, which may be surgically created or result from traumatic injury to the bone;\n* Patients with bone skeletal defects that are not intrinsic to the stability of the bone structure or with a site that can be stabilized;\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who are unable to understand consent and the objectives of the study;\n* Signs of local or systemic acute\u002F active or chronic infections;\n* Metabolic affections;\n* Severe degenerative diseases, conditions in which general bone grafting is not advisable;\n* Implementation sites that allow product migration;\n* Conditions which require structural support in the skeletal system;\n* Conditions where the implantation site is unstable and not rigidly fixated;\n* Sensibility to the implantable materials;\n* Known hypersensitivity to the implant material.",{"count":19,"type":20},"This study aims to collect real-world clinical data to gather information on the performance and safety of the Neocement® when used according to its intended purpose and current clinical applications. The results of the clinical study will serve as clinical evidence for the device's clinical evaluation, targeting submission to the new Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017\u002F745.",[24,25],[61,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35],"Neocement®",{"date":39,"type":40},{"date":42,"type":40},{"date":44,"type":20},{"name":46,"class":47},{"id":67,"slug":68,"hasResults":11,"nctId":69,"briefTitle":70,"officialTitle":71,"acronym":72,"eligibilityCriteria":73,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":74,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":76,"phases":77,"briefSummary":79,"conditions":80,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":82,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":83,"startDateStruct":85,"completionDateStruct":87,"leadSponsor":89,"locationsCount":48},"100634945","the-use-of-two-bone-substitutes-in-adjunct-to-emd-for-the-treatment-of-one--and-two-wall-intrabony-defects-100634945","NCT07546279","The Use of Two Bone Substitutes in Adjunct to EMD for the Treatment of One- and Two-wall Intrabony Defects.","2 Title The Use of Two Bone Substitutes in Adjunct to EMD for the Treatment of One- and Two-wall Intrabony Defects.","OSSIXPERIO","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Men and women over or equal to the age of 18 years\n* Patients in general good health in the opinion of the principal investigator as determined by medical history and clinical examination (ASA 1 or ASA-2)\n* Clinical evidence of periodontitis, with one interdental area of PPD (periodontal probing depth) ≥6mm and bleeding on probing, associated one or more one-wall or two-wall intrabony periodontal defect with an intrabony component of equal or more than 3 mm, as diagnosed by periapical radiographs and clinical evaluation (excluding third molars and distal of second molars); the defect must not affect the vestibular \u002F buccal or the lingual support bone wall (PPD lingual or vestibular \u002F buccal \\\u003C= 3.5 mm ) of the affected teeth.\n* Patients who already underwent stage I and stage II of periodontal therapy, as described in the EFP practice guidelines (Sanz et al., 2020), within 6 months prior to assessment for eligibility\n* Patients who can understand the requirements of the study and are willing and able to comply with its instructions and schedules\n* Patients who had provided written informed consent to participate in the study prior to any study procedure.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* FMPS% \\> 15% at the time of recruitment\n* FMBS% \\> 15% at the time of recruitment\n* Treatment with anticoagulant drugs (INR above 2,5)\n* Treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates\n* Treatment with anticonvulsants drugs\n* patients with history of alcohol, narcotics, or drug abuse\n* Patients receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or any other immunosuppressive treatment or who have been administered radiotherapy in the last 5 years\n* Patients through at any time received radiotherapy to the head and neck region will be excluded anyway\n* Uncontrolled bleeding disorders such as: hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia\n* Degenerative diseases\n* Osteoradionecrosis\n* Renal failure\n* Organ transplant recipients\n* HIV positive (self-declaration)\n* Malignant diseases\n* Diseases that compromise the immune system\n* Unbalanced diabetes. (HbA1c above 7.2 assessed by self-declaration)\n* Psychotic diseases\n* Hypersensitivity or specific contraindications to one of the components of any of the products used in the study\n* Women who are pregnant (self-declaration); or lactating at the time of recruitment and of surgery\n* Site where a history of failed periodontal regenerative procedure in the last two years\n* Heavy Smokers (5 cigarettes and more per day)\n* Other uncontrolled systemic diseases\n* disorders or treatments that compromise wound healing\n* chronic high dose steroid therapy\n* bone metabolic diseases",{"count":75,"type":20},40,"INTERVENTIONAL",[78],"NA","The main aim will be to evaluate the difference in PD changes at 12-month follow-up, measured from the gingival margin to the base of the pocket, comparing periodontal regeneration using two different bone substitutes, that is bovine derived xenograft granules (BioOss® Collagen) and one resorbable sponge-like hydroxyapatite collagen matrix (OssixTM Bone), in adjunct with EMD after microsurgical flap elevation.\n\nInclusion criteria I. Men and women over or equal to the age of 18 years II. Patients in general good health in the opinion of the principal investigator as determined by medical history and clinical examination (ASA 1 or ASA-2) III. Clinical evidence of periodontitis, with one interdental area of PPD (periodontal probing depth) ≥6mm and bleeding on probing, associated one or more one-wall or two-wall intrabony periodontal defect with an intrabony component of equal or more than 3 mm, as diagnosed by periapical radiographs and clinical evaluation (excluding third molars and distal of second molars); the defect must not affect the vestibular \u002F buccal or the lingual support bone wall (PPD lingual or vestibular \u002F buccal \\\u003C= 3.5 mm ) of the affected teeth.\n\nIV. Patients who already underwent stage I and stage II of periodontal therapy, as described in the EFP practice guidelines (Sanz et al., 2020), within 6 months prior to assessment for eligibility V. Patients who can understand the requirements of the study and are willing and able to comply with its instructions and schedules VI. Patients who had provided written informed consent to participate in the study prior to any study procedure.\n\nExclusion criteria I. FMPS% \\> 15% at the time of recruitment II. FMBS% \\> 15% at the time of recruitment III. Treatment with anticoagulant drugs (INR above 2,5) IV. Treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates V. Treatment with anticonvulsants drugs VI. patients with history of alcohol, narcotics, or drug abuse VII. Patients receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or any other immunosuppressive treatment or who have been administered radiotherapy in the last 5 years VIII. Patients through at any time received radiotherapy to the head and neck region will be excluded anyway IX. Uncontrolled bleeding disorders such as: hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia X. Degenerative diseases XI. Osteoradionecrosis XII. Renal failure XIII. Organ transplant recipients XIV. HIV positive (self-declaration) XV. Malignant diseases XVI. Diseases that compromise the immune system XVII. Unbalanced diabetes. (HbA1c above 7.2 assessed by self-declaration) XVIII. Psychotic diseases XIX. Hypersensitivity or specific contraindications to one of the components of any of the products used in the study XX. Women who are pregnant (self-declaration); or lactating at the time of recruitment and of surgery XXI. Site where a history of failed periodontal regenerative procedure in the last two years XXII. Heavy Smokers (5 cigarettes and more per day) XXIII. other uncontrolled systemic diseases XXIV. disorders or treatments that compromise wound healing XXV. chronic high dose steroid therapy XXVI. bone metabolic diseases",[81,24],"Periodontitis","2026-04-16",{"date":84,"type":40},"2026-04-22",{"date":86,"type":40},"2025-05-08",{"date":88,"type":20},"2029-05",{"name":90,"class":91},"I.R.C.C.S Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio","OTHER",{"id":93,"slug":94,"hasResults":11,"nctId":95,"briefTitle":96,"officialTitle":96,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":97,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":98,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":76,"phases":100,"briefSummary":101,"conditions":102,"keywords":104,"overallStatus":109,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":82,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":110,"startDateStruct":112,"completionDateStruct":114,"leadSponsor":116,"locationsCount":48},"100634474","evaluation-of-the-safety-feasibility-and-early-clinical-outcomes-of-patient-specific-bone-defect-implants-fabricated-from-titanium-alloy-ti-6al-4v-using-3d-printing-technology-100634474","NCT07540156","Evaluation of the Safety, Feasibility, and Early Clinical Outcomes of Patient-Specific Bone Defect Implants Fabricated From Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) Using 3D Printing Technology","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with a bone defect requiring surgical reconstruction, as determined by the treating orthopedic surgeon\n* Suitable candidate for implantation of a patient-specific device manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V\n* Able to undergo preoperative imaging (CT ± MRI) required for implant design\n* Willing and able to provide written informed consent\n* Willing to comply with scheduled follow-up visits and study assessments\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active systemic or local infection at the surgical site at the time of implantation\n* Known hypersensitivity or allergy to titanium or titanium alloys\n* Severe uncontrolled comorbidities that significantly increase surgical risk (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, severe cardiovascular disease)\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding women\n* Participation in another interventional clinical study that may interfere with the outcomes of this study\n* Inability to complete follow-up assessments within the required timeframe",{"count":99,"type":20},10,[78],"The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of patient-specific bone defect implants fabricated from Ti-6Al-4V using 3D printing technology and to assess early clinical outcomes within the first 12 months following implantation of these customized devices. The main question it aims to answer is: \"In patients with bone defects requiring surgical reconstruction, are patient-specific bone defect implants fabricated from titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) using 3D printing technology - designed and produced at VinUni, safe and feasible for clinical use, and do they result in favorable early clinical outcomes within the first 12 months following implantation?\"",[103,24],"Bone Loss",[105,106,107,108],"Bone defect reconstruction","Patient-specific implants","Three-dimensional (3D) printing","Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V","NOT_YET_RECRUITING",{"date":111,"type":40},"2026-04-20",{"date":113,"type":20},"2026-04-01",{"date":115,"type":20},"2028-12-31",{"name":117,"class":91},"VinUniversity",{"id":119,"slug":120,"hasResults":11,"nctId":121,"briefTitle":122,"officialTitle":123,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":124,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":125,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":126,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":76,"phases":128,"briefSummary":129,"conditions":130,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":109,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":134,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":135,"startDateStruct":137,"completionDateStruct":139,"leadSponsor":141,"locationsCount":48},"100620805","autologous-dentine-graft-compared-to-xenograft-in-managing-periodontally-compromised-second-molar-after-third-molar-removal-100620805","NCT07362394","Autologous Dentine Graft Compared to Xenograft in Managing Periodontally Compromised Second Molar After Third Molar Removal","Autologous Dentine Graft Compared to Xenograft in Managing Periodontally Compromised Second Molar After Third Molar Removal - A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients aged 26 years and above who can give informed consent and are scheduled for bilateral surgical removal of mesioangular or horizontally impacted mandibular M3s\n* Present with a periodontally compromised mandibular second molar, defined by the presence of probing pocket depth (PPD) greater than 4 mm on the distal aspect\n* Type of impaction of M3s on both sides must be symmetrical\n* Consent to the use of xenograft as control\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smokers\n* Poor oral hygiene with \\>30% full mouth plaque score (FMPS)\n* Pregnant or lactating mothers\n* Have uncontrolled systemic conditions such as diabetes or immunodeficiency disorders\n* On medications that affect bone metabolism, including bisphosphonates or corticosteroids\n* History of periodontal surgery or grafting at the intended surgical site\n* Presence of acute infection and M2s with distal caries and Grade III mobility","26 Years",{"count":127,"type":20},34,[78],"The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of autologous dentin graft (ADG) in treating periodontal defects on the distal aspect of mandibular 2nd molar (M2) after surgical removal of impacted mandibular 3rd molar (M3) by improving periodontal and radiological outcomes when compared with a xenograft, which is commercially available. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n1. How does the clinical efficacy of ADG compare to xenografts, regarding wound healing and periodontal parameters at the distal aspect of periodontally compromised mandibular M2 following impacted M3 extraction?\n2. How does the radiological bone regeneration at ADG-grafted sites differ from that at xenograft-grafted sites?\n3. How do the post-operative patient-reported outcomes at sites receiving ADG differ from those at sites receiving xenografts?\n\nResearchers will compare ADG to xenograft to see if ADG is more efficacious in managing periodontal defects on distal aspect of M2 after surgical removal of M3.\n\nParticipants will\n\n1. Undergo bilateral surgical removal of M3 under general anaesthesia\n2. Receive ADG on test site and xenograft on contralateral control site\n3. Come back for clinical assessments, wound healing assessments and radiographic assessments for 5 times after the surgery (2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months)",[131,132,133,24],"Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Extraction","Dentin Graft","Xenograft","2026-01-15",{"date":136,"type":40},"2026-01-23",{"date":138,"type":20},"2026-06-01",{"date":140,"type":20},"2028-06-30",{"name":142,"class":91},"National University of Malaysia",{"id":144,"slug":145,"hasResults":11,"nctId":146,"briefTitle":147,"officialTitle":147,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":148,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":149,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":76,"phases":151,"briefSummary":152,"conditions":153,"keywords":156,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":163,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":164,"startDateStruct":166,"completionDateStruct":168,"leadSponsor":170,"locationsCount":172},"100572683","study-on-safety-and-performance-of-advancore-bone-void-filler-100572683","NCT06736457","Study on Safety and Performance of AdvanCore Bone Void Filler","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult subjects ≥ 18 years old, male or female.\n* Subjects who are eligible for a bone grafting\u002Fbone void filler procedure.\n* Subjects with bone lesions beyond the limits of the bone's self-healing ability.\n* Subjects, and\u002For an authorized representative, who are willing and capable of providing informed consent, participating in all testing associated with this clinical investigation at an approved clinical investigational center.\n* Subjects with only one fracture susceptible to treatment with an AdvanCore implant.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subjects with any AdvanCore contraindication for implantation or use.\n* Subjects with hypersensitivity to any of the AdvanCore components.\n* Subjects with infections or soft\u002Fgranulation tissue in the area to place bone graft.\n* Subjects who are currently enrolled in another investigational study or registry that would directly interfere with the current study.\n* Women who are breastfeeding or of childbearing potential who are, or plan to become, pregnant during the time of the study (method of assessment upon physician's discretion).",{"count":150,"type":20},190,[78],"The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and performance of AdvanCore implantable bone graft through a 12-month follow-up period in a prospective, parallel-group design, non-controlled, open label, multi-center and real-world setting study. This study is intended to satisfy post-market clinical follow-up requirements of CE Mark in Europe.",[154,24,103,155],"Bone Fractures","Bone Graft",[157,158,159,160,161,162],"Bone graft","Bone substitute","Bone regeneration","AdvanCore","Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate","Synthetic bone graft","2025-05-30",{"date":165,"type":40},"2025-05-31",{"date":167,"type":40},"2025-05-29",{"date":169,"type":20},"2026-10",{"name":171,"class":47},"Artur Salgado SA",4,{"id":174,"slug":175,"hasResults":11,"nctId":176,"briefTitle":177,"officialTitle":178,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":179,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":180,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":76,"phases":182,"briefSummary":184,"conditions":185,"keywords":188,"overallStatus":109,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":192,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":193,"startDateStruct":195,"completionDateStruct":197,"leadSponsor":199,"locationsCount":48},"100567032","phase-2-cranioplasty-using-titanium-mesh-vs-bone-cement-100567032","NCT06662903","Cranioplasty Using Titanium Mesh vs Bone Cement","A Comparative Study Between Cranioplasty Using Titanium Mesh vs Bone Cement","* Inclusion Criteria:\n\n  * Patients requiring cranioplasty for a skull defect due to Decompressive Craniectomy, trauma, tumor resection, or congenital issues.\n  * All ages .\n  * Both sex.\n  * Informed consent obtained from all participants.\n  * Patient fit for surgery.\n* Exclusion Criteria:\n\n  * Patients with active infection at the surgical site\n  * Patient Unfit for surgery.\n  * Patient refuse consent",{"count":181,"type":20},46,[183],"PHASE2","The aim of this study is:\n\nTo compare the surgical outcomes between titanium mesh and bone cement in cranioplasty.\n\nTo assess the complication rates associated with each material. To evaluate patient satisfaction and aesthetic results post-surgery",[24,186,187],"Decompressive Craniectomy and Cranioplasty","Cranioplasty",[187,189,190,191],"Titanium mesh","Bone cement","Traumatic brain injury","2024-10-25",{"date":194,"type":40},"2024-10-29",{"date":196,"type":20},"2024-10",{"date":198,"type":20},"2026-05",{"name":200,"class":91},"Osman Hassan Osman Zafraan",{"id":202,"slug":203,"hasResults":11,"nctId":204,"briefTitle":205,"officialTitle":205,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":206,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":207,"enrollmentInfo":208,"targetDuration":210,"studyType":21,"phases":4,"briefSummary":211,"conditions":212,"keywords":213,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":215,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":216,"startDateStruct":218,"completionDateStruct":220,"leadSponsor":222,"locationsCount":48},"100536786","multi-center-study-on-comprehensive-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-lower-limb-bone-defect-based-on-three-dimensional-printing-technology-100536786","NCT06269354","Multi-center Study on Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Limb Bone Defect Based on Three-dimensional Printing Technology","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients with traumatic lower limb bone defect;\n2. Infected lower limb bone defect patients;\n3. Patients with neoplastic lower limb bone defect;\n4. The above reasons caused bone defects of more than 5CM\n5. at least 18 years of age;\n6. Sign an informed agreement and join the study cohort voluntarily.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients who do not agree to the use of 3D printed microporous titanium alloy prostheses;\n2. Patients who cannot tolerate surgery;\n3. the subjects cannot comply with the follow-up or affect the scientific and integrity of the study;\n4. Other patients who were not suitable for inclusion as assessed by clinicians.","90 Years",{"count":209,"type":20},120,"3 Years","The clinical diagnosis and treatment of lower limb bone defect is a difficult problem in orthopedics. The traditional treatment has the shortcomings of long treatment period, no weight bearing in the early stage of the limb, weak mechanical strength, many complications, and difficulty in repairing deformed and large segment bone defects around the joint. The Orthopedics Department of Peking University Third Hospital, the lead unit of this study, developed the TCBridge system based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the early stage, which is the first approved 3D printing lower limb long bone defect repair system in China. The system can achieve personalized and accurate repair of lower limb bone defects, and ensure patients to carry out limb weight and functional exercise safely in the early stage after surgery. On this basis, this study will establish a multi-center clinical case cohort to achieve accurate comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of lower limb bone defects, benefiting patients and contributing to society.",[24],[214],"3D printing technology; bone defects; clinical effects","2024-02-20",{"date":217,"type":40},"2024-02-21",{"date":219,"type":40},"2023-11-01",{"date":221,"type":20},"2026-12-31",{"name":223,"class":91},"Peking University Third Hospital"]