[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"cesarean-section-pain\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:cesarean-section-pain":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,7,0,[8,49,80,111,137,160,181],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":22,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":30,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":38,"startDateStruct":41,"completionDateStruct":43,"leadSponsor":45,"locationsCount":48},"100635339","effects-of-music-therapy-breathing-exercises-and-virtual-reality-on-obstetric-recovery-pain-and-gastrointestinal-symptoms-after-cesarean-section-100635339",false,"NCT07551401","Effects of Music Therapy, Breathing Exercises, and Virtual Reality on Obstetric Recovery, Pain, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Cesarean Section","Comparative Investigation of the Effects of Music Therapy, Breathing Exercises, and Virtual Reality Application on Obstetric Recovery, Pain, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 18 years and older\n* Able to speak and understand Turkish\n* Gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks\n* Undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia\n* Able to communicate and willing to participate\n* No major intraoperative or early postoperative complications (within 0-12 hours), such as severe hemorrhage (\\>1000 mL), anesthesia-related cardiorespiratory complications, major surgical complications, wound dehiscence, sepsis, or need for intensive care\n* No visual or hearing impairments\n* Having a live, healthy, singleton newborn\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Passage of flatus before the intervention\n* Presence of any diagnosed medical condition during pregnancy\n* Development of maternal postpartum complications such as postpartum hemorrhage (\\>1000 mL), infection, wound dehiscence, sepsis, thromboembolism, or need for intensive care\n* Presence of neonatal complications such as neonatal distress requiring intensive care, congenital anomalies, severe respiratory distress, infection, or perinatal mortality\n* History of chronic pain, gastrointestinal disease, or respiratory disease\n* Diagnosed and treated psychiatric disorders","FEMALE","18 Years",{"count":19,"type":20},192,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[23],"NA","Cesarean section is a common surgical procedure performed to deliver a baby when vaginal birth may pose risks to the mother or infant. Although it is often life-saving, recovery after cesarean section is frequently associated with multiple physical and psychological challenges, including postoperative pain, delayed gastrointestinal function, reduced mobility, fatigue, and decreased overall well-being. These factors may negatively affect a woman's ability to care for her newborn, initiate breastfeeding, and adapt to the postpartum period.\n\nIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in non-pharmacological interventions that can safely support postoperative recovery without causing additional side effects. Among these, music therapy, breathing exercises, and virtual reality applications have been identified as promising approaches. Music therapy may promote relaxation and reduce pain and anxiety through auditory stimulation and emotional regulation. Breathing exercises may enhance parasympathetic activity, improve oxygenation, reduce stress, and support gastrointestinal motility. Virtual reality applications, by providing immersive audiovisual experiences, may reduce pain perception, decrease anxiety, and improve overall comfort through distraction and relaxation mechanisms.\n\nAlthough these interventions have individually demonstrated beneficial effects in postoperative care, the existing literature is limited in directly comparing their relative effectiveness within the same study design. Furthermore, most studies have primarily focused on pain outcomes, while other important aspects of recovery, such as obstetric recovery quality and gastrointestinal symptoms, have received less attention.\n\nThis randomized controlled trial aims to comparatively investigate the effects of music therapy, breathing exercises, and virtual reality application on obstetric recovery, pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms in women following cesarean section. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or a control group receiving routine care. Standardized protocols will be applied for each intervention to ensure consistency.\n\nThe primary outcomes of this study include obstetric recovery, pain intensity, and gastrointestinal symptoms. By evaluating these outcomes simultaneously, the study aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of post-cesarean recovery.\n\nThe findings of this study are expected to contribute to evidence-based clinical practice by identifying effective, safe, and feasible non-pharmacological interventions that can be integrated into routine post-cesarean care. Ultimately, this research may help improve maternal comfort, accelerate recovery, and enhance the overall postpartum experience for women undergoing cesarean section.",[26,27,28,29],"Cesarean Section","Cesarean Section Pain","Obstetric Recovery","Gastrointestinal Symptoms",[26,28,31,29,32,33,34,35],"Postoperative Pain","Music Therapy","Breathing Exercises","Virtual Reality","Postpartum Care","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-04-26",{"date":39,"type":40},"2026-04-30","ACTUAL",{"date":42,"type":20},"2026-05",{"date":44,"type":20},"2027-03",{"name":46,"class":47},"Selcuk University","OTHER",1,{"id":50,"slug":51,"hasResults":11,"nctId":52,"briefTitle":53,"officialTitle":54,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":55,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":57,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":59,"briefSummary":60,"conditions":61,"keywords":68,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":71,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":72,"startDateStruct":74,"completionDateStruct":76,"leadSponsor":78,"locationsCount":48},"100627359","the-effect-of-reiki-on-breastfeeding-pain-and-comfort-after-cesarean-section-100627359","NCT07447609","THE EFFECT OF REIKI ON BREASTFEEDING, PAIN AND COMFORT AFTER CESAREAN SECTION","THE EFFECT OF REIKI APPLIED DURING THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD ON BREASTFEEDING, PAIN, AND COMFORT IN WOMEN WHO DELIVERED BY CESAREAN SECTION","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Mothers aged 18 and over,\n* Literate in Turkish,\n* Non-smoker, non-drug user,\n* Gave birth by cesarean section at term,\n* Baby with them after birth,\n* Not using any breast milk-increasing medication, vitamins, or supplements,\n* Baby's birth weight between 2500-4000 grams,\n* Baby's Apgar score at least seven points at 1 and 5 minutes,\n* Having had a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia,\n* Those who agree to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preeclampsia\u002Feclampsia, active postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis\u002Ffever ≥38°C,\n* Need for intensive care,\n* Birth before 37 weeks,\n* Serious neonatal problems,\n* Baby arriving at the ward after mother (follow-up in neonatal intensive care unit without hospitalization after birth),\n* Excessive sedation due to analgesia,\n* Communication difficulties,\n* Markedly negative attitude towards Reiki.","45 Years",{"count":58,"type":20},99,[23],"EFFECT OF REİKİ APPLİED DURİNG THE POSTPARTUM PERİOD ON BREASTFEEDİNG, PAİN, AND COMFORT IN WOMEN WHO DELİVERED BY CESAREAN SECTİON\n\nThe aim of this randomized controlled trial is to determine the effect of Reiki applied to volunteer women after cesarean section on breastfeeding, pain, and comfort in the postpartum period. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nIs there a difference in postpartum breastfeeding, pain, and comfort between the group receiving Reiki and the group receiving standard care? Is there a difference in postpartum breastfeeding, pain, and comfort between the group receiving Reiki and the group receiving Sham Reiki? Participants will receive Reiki six times postpartum: three times one-on-one during their hospital stay, and remotely in the second, third, and fourth weeks. The control group will receive standard care. The Sham Reiki group will receive Reiki points applied by a person without Reiki knowledge.",[62,35,27,63,64,65,66,67],"Postpartum Comfort","Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy","Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply","Reiki","Reiki Therapy","Postpartum Pain",[69],"Cesarean section, postpartum care, Reiki, breastfeeding, pain, comfort","RECRUITING","2026-02-26",{"date":73,"type":40},"2026-03-03",{"date":75,"type":40},"2025-01-15",{"date":77,"type":20},"2026-05-20",{"name":79,"class":47},"Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi",{"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":11,"nctId":83,"briefTitle":84,"officialTitle":85,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":86,"healthyVolunteers":87,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":88,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":90,"briefSummary":92,"conditions":93,"keywords":98,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":102,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":103,"startDateStruct":105,"completionDateStruct":107,"leadSponsor":109,"locationsCount":48},"100622648","phase-4-intrathecal-versus-epidural-morphine-for-post-cesarean-analgesia-100622648","NCT07386353","Intrathecal Versus Epidural Morphine for Post-Cesarean Analgesia","Intrathecal Versus Epidural Morphine for Post-Cesarean Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section;\n* Age \\> 18 years;\n* Willingness to participate in the study, as demonstrated by signed informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification \\> III;\n* Chronic kidney disease with a glomerular filtration rate \\\u003C 60 mL\u002Fmin;\n* Relevant drug allergies (particularly to protocol medications);\n* Opioid tolerance;\n* Contraindication to neuraxial anesthetic techniques.",true,{"count":89,"type":20},120,[91],"PHASE4","Cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide, making effective management of acute postoperative pain a key issue in obstetric anesthesiology. Post-cesarean analgesia should promote rapid maternal recovery, support newborn care, and consider the pharmacological implications for breastfeeding.\n\nAccording to recent PROSPECT® guidelines from ESRA, neuraxial opioids play a central role in post-cesarean analgesia and are at least as effective as other techniques, such as continuous local anesthetic infusion. However, the optimal route of opioid administration remains unclear. While earlier studies favored epidural morphine, more recent evidence suggests that intrathecal morphine may provide superior analgesia. Due to limited and conflicting data, no definitive conclusion can be drawn. Given that epidural morphine remains standard practice at Hospital Central do Funchal, a randomized clinical trial is proposed to compare the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal versus epidural morphine after elective cesarean section.",[94,95,96,97,27],"Analgesia Obstetrical","Analgesia","Post Operative Pain","Patient Satisfaction",[99,100,101],"Post-Cesarean Analgesia","Epidural Morphine","Intrathecal Morphine","2026-01-27",{"date":104,"type":40},"2026-02-04",{"date":106,"type":40},"2024-05-20",{"date":108,"type":20},"2026-07-31",{"name":110,"class":47},"Hospital Central do Funchal",{"id":112,"slug":113,"hasResults":11,"nctId":114,"briefTitle":115,"officialTitle":116,"acronym":117,"eligibilityCriteria":118,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":119,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":121,"briefSummary":122,"conditions":123,"keywords":126,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":128,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":129,"startDateStruct":131,"completionDateStruct":133,"leadSponsor":135,"locationsCount":48},"100622203","melatonin-on-post-operative-pain-after-cs-100622203","NCT07380568","Melatonin on Post Operative Pain After CS","The Effect of Preoperative Oral Melatonin on Postoperative Pain Control After Cesarean Section: A Dose Comparison Study","CS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* \\- Women aged 18-40 years.\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean section.\n* Ability to provide informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known hypersensitivity to melatonin or opioids\n* Chronic use of analgesics, sedatives, or antidepressants.\n* History of sleep disorders or psychiatric illness.\n* Complicated pregnancies (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes).\n* Body mass index (BMI) \\> 35 kg\u002Fm².\n* Emergency cesarean sections.\n* Severe systemic diseases (e.g., liver or kidney dysfunction).",{"count":120,"type":20},60,[23],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if melatonin will decrease pain after C.S. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes melatonin lower the number of times participants need to use a rescue analgesia? What medical problems do participants have when taking melatonin? Researchers will compare different doses of melatonin to see the ideal dose to decrease pain after C.S.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nTake melatonin 30 min before C.S and will be observed for 24 hours for pain and consumption of other analgesia",[124,125,27],"Pain Management","Pain After Surgery",[127],"melatonin and pain after C.S","2026-01-24",{"date":130,"type":40},"2026-02-02",{"date":132,"type":40},"2025-10-10",{"date":134,"type":20},"2026-04-01",{"name":136,"class":47},"Benha University",{"id":138,"slug":139,"hasResults":11,"nctId":140,"briefTitle":141,"officialTitle":141,"acronym":142,"eligibilityCriteria":143,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":144,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":146,"phases":4,"briefSummary":147,"conditions":148,"keywords":149,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":151,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":152,"startDateStruct":154,"completionDateStruct":156,"leadSponsor":158,"locationsCount":4},"100611618","enhanced-recovery-after-emergency-cesarean-section-a-comparative-study-assessing-postoperative-recovery-and-outcomes-100611618","NCT07242924","Enhanced Recovery After Emergency Cesarean Section: A Comparative Study Assessing Postoperative Recovery and Outcomes","ERAS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* singleton pregnancy who undergoing emergency cesarean section after 34weeks and accepting to be included in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant woman who had previous rupture uterus.\n* Other medical disorders as hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, cardiac disease.\n* Intra-operative complications necessitating changes in post-operative care e.g. bowel injury, urinary tract injury.\n* Hemodynamically unstable (post-partum hemorrhage)",{"count":145,"type":20},100,"OBSERVATIONAL","Cesarean section (CS) remains one of the most common major surgical procedures worldwide, with emergency CS accounting for approximately 30% of cases. Emergency CS presents unique challenges including increased maternal stress, higher complication rates, and prolonged recovery compared to elective procedures . Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols offer a promising approach to optimize outcomes in this population.\n\nOriginally developed for colorectal surgery, ERAS principles have been successfully adapted to obstetric practice over the past decade. These evidence-based protocols emphasize multimodal interventions including preoperative counseling, optimized analgesia, early mobilization, and timely nutrition. In obstetrics, ERAS implementation has demonstrated reduced length of stay, decreased opioid use, and improved patient satisfaction for elective CS .\n\nApplication of ERAS to emergency CS requires special considerations due to the urgent nature of the procedure. Modified protocols focus on rapid preoperative assessment, regional anesthesia with intrathecal opioids, and immediate postoperative care initiation . Emerging evidence suggests these adaptations maintain benefits while accommodating time constraints . Key outcomes include reduced postoperative pain, earlier return of bowel function, and improved breastfeeding rates .\n\nCurrent research demonstrates ERAS protocols can be safely implemented in emergency CS with proper staff training and institutional support . Ongoing studies continue to refine optimal practices, particularly regarding fluid management and thromboprophylaxis . As evidence accumulates, standardized guidelines for emergency CS ERAS pathways are expected to emerge .",[142,27],[142,150],"ERAS, emergency cs","2025-11-19",{"date":153,"type":40},"2025-11-21",{"date":155,"type":20},"2025-12-01",{"date":157,"type":20},"2028-12-01",{"name":159,"class":47},"Assiut University",{"id":161,"slug":162,"hasResults":11,"nctId":163,"briefTitle":164,"officialTitle":164,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":165,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":166,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":146,"phases":4,"briefSummary":168,"conditions":169,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":172,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":173,"startDateStruct":175,"completionDateStruct":177,"leadSponsor":179,"locationsCount":5},"100567512","insufficient-regional-anesthesia-and-conversion-to-general-anesthesia-for-cesarean-section-a-qualitative-multicenter-study-100567512","NCT06669156","Insufficient Regional Anesthesia and Conversion to General Anesthesia for Cesarean Section A Qualitative Multicenter Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section, aged over 17 years\n* Regional (spinal or epidural or combined epidural-spinal) anesthesia converted to general anesthesia intraoperatively (i.e., after surgery has commenced) due to insufficient regional anesthesia (i.e., not for obstetric indications, such as in cases of difficult fetal extraction)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Does not speak Danish or English\n* Does not wish to participate",{"count":167,"type":20},30,"Background In Denmark, approximately 20% of all children are born via cesarean section (C-section), making it the most common surgical procedure (also internationally). The recommended anesthesia for cesarean sections is regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural, \"spinal anesthesia\"), as it has several advantages: the woman is awake and experiences the delivery of her child, she maintains spontaneous breathing (the risk of difficult airway management is significantly higher in pregnant women), and the risk of aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs (which is clearly increased in pregnant women) is reduced. Furthermore, regional anesthesia can contribute to early postoperative pain management to some extent.\n\nWith spinal anesthesia, most women feel pressure and touch but no pain during the cesarean section. However, some women do experience pain during the procedure, necessitating a change in the plan. If inadequate anesthesia is detected before the surgery begins, one may choose (depending on, for example, the urgency of the cesarean) to administer renewed regional anesthesia (typically an epidural). However, if the woman first experiences pain after the surgery has commenced, it is necessary to place her under general anesthesia for the remainder of the procedure. Experience shows that this process can be challenging, and there are frequent examples in clinical practice of inappropriate courses of action, where women have experienced unacceptable pain during their cesarean sections without being placed under general anesthesia. It is difficult to obtain an exact figure on how many women experience inadequate anesthesia during cesarean sections under regional anesthesia, as not all cases are recognized or followed up on. Studies indicate that up to 12% experience pain during a cesarean section.\n\nThe consequences of inadequate anesthesia for cesarean sections can be quite significant for women, including impaired bonding with the child, poorer establishment of breastfeeding, increased risk of postpartum reactions and post-traumatic stress, as well as (anecdotally) the risk of women opting out of future pregnancies, as they may be reluctant to subject themselves to a similar situation again.\n\nAim The aim of this study is to investigate how women experience insufficient regional anesthesia during cesarean sections that require conversion to general anesthesia. The focus is on exploring the factors that contribute positively and negatively to the woman's experience in this situation.\n\nMethod Qualitative study in six Danish hospitals.\n\nInclusion criteria:\n\n* Women undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section, aged over 17 years\n* Regional (spinal or epidural or combined epidural-spinal) anesthesia converted to general anesthesia intraoperatively (i.e., after surgery has commenced) due to insufficient regional anesthesia (i.e., not for obstetric indications, such as in cases of difficult fetal extraction)\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Does not speak Danish or English\n* Does not wish to participate\n\nThe woman will be contacted for the first time on day 1 or 2 after the cesarean section (before she is discharged from the hospital). She will be informed about the project and invited to participate. As a potential project participant, she is entitled to a 24-hour consideration period, and if desired, a new contact will be arranged for the following day. If she wishes to participate, she will be contacted again after 3 months. At this time, she will receive a call to schedule a follow-up telephone interview within a few days. This will take place as a semi-structured interview, initiated with open questions and concluded with a few more specific questions. At the end of the interview, a screening for post-traumatic stress will be conducted using the PTSD-8 tool. Follow-up interviews will be recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim.\n\nSample Size The project encompasses all women at the participating centers who experience insufficient regional anesthesia during a cesarean section and conversion to general anesthesia during 1 year.",[170,27,171],"Cesarean Section Complications","Regional Anesthesia","2025-08-20",{"date":174,"type":40},"2025-08-27",{"date":176,"type":40},"2025-02-01",{"date":178,"type":20},"2027-01-01",{"name":180,"class":47},"Sygehus Lillebaelt",{"id":182,"slug":183,"hasResults":11,"nctId":184,"briefTitle":185,"officialTitle":186,"acronym":187,"eligibilityCriteria":188,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":189,"enrollmentInfo":190,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":192,"briefSummary":193,"conditions":194,"keywords":195,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":202,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":203,"startDateStruct":205,"completionDateStruct":207,"leadSponsor":209,"locationsCount":48},"100594697","phase-4-comparison-of-dexmedetomidine--ketamine-for-postoperative-pain-in-c-section-100594697","NCT07022821","Comparison of Dexmedetomidine + Ketamine for Postoperative Pain in C-Section","Comparison of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine in Combination With Ketamine for Control of Post-Operative Pain in Lower Segment Caesarean Section Surgeries","KETODEX-CS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Elective lower segment cesarean section\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status II\n* Provided informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known drug allergy\n* Presence of significant comorbidities\n* Emergency surgery\n* Documented psychiatric illness","50 Years",{"count":191,"type":20},90,[91],"This study aims to compare three different doses of dexmedetomidine, when combined with a fixed dose of ketamine, for pain control in women undergoing cesarean section. The goal is to find the most effective combination with the fewest side effects.",[31,27],[196,197,198,199,200,201],"Cesarean Pain","Multimodal Analgesia","Spinal Anesthesia","Dexmedetomidine","Ketamine","Postoperative pain","2025-06-15",{"date":204,"type":40},"2025-06-18",{"date":206,"type":40},"2025-05-16",{"date":208,"type":20},"2025-08-31",{"name":210,"class":47},"Fatima Memorial Hospital"]