[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"cesarean-section\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:cesarean-section":33},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,50,0,25,[9,47,73,110,136,169,195,228,257,289,315,341,361,389,425,450,471,497,528,549,574,599,624,649,668],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":41,"leadSponsor":43,"locationsCount":46},"100632269","ondansetron-lozenge-versus-intravenous-for-prevention-of-shivering-in-cesarean-section-100632269",false,"NCT07511491","Ondansetron Lozenge Versus Intravenous for Prevention of Shivering in Cesarean Section","Effect of Ondansetron Lozenge Versus Intravenous for Prevention of Shivering in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age from 18 to 40 years.\n* American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status II.\n* Parturient women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturient women with any contraindication or hypersensitivity to the study drugs.\n* Any history of cardiovascular diseases, psychosis, hypertension, fetal distress, cord prolapse initial.\n* Preoperative shivering.\n* Preoperative fever (\\>38°C).\n* Body mass index \\> 40 kg\u002Fm2.\n* Medical history of alcohol or drug abuse.\n* Hypo- or hyperthyroidism.\n* Parkinson's disease or any extrapyramidal disease.\n* Intraoperative blood transfusion.","FEMALE","18 Years","40 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},90,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","This study aims to compare the effect of ondansetron lozenge and intravenous for prevention of shivering in cesarean section (CS).",[28,29,30,31,32,33],"Ondansetron","Lozenge","Intravenous","Prevention","Shivering","Cesarean Section","RECRUITING","2026-06-22",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-06-23","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":38},"2026-04-11",{"date":42,"type":22},"2026-08-30",{"name":44,"class":45},"Tanta University","OTHER",1,{"id":48,"slug":49,"hasResults":12,"nctId":50,"briefTitle":51,"officialTitle":52,"acronym":53,"eligibilityCriteria":54,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":55,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":57,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":61,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":64,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":65,"startDateStruct":67,"completionDateStruct":69,"leadSponsor":71,"locationsCount":46},"100618653","early-general-anesthesia-to-limit-experiences-of-trauma-during-cesarean-section-pilot-study-100618653","NCT07334418","Early General Anesthesia to Limit Experiences of Trauma During Cesarean Section-Pilot Study","EAGLET-CS Pilot: Early General Anesthesia to Limit Experiences of Trauma During Cesarean Section-Pilot Study","EAGLET-CS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 18 or older undergoing non-emergent cesarean delivery with primary neuraxial (epidural, spinal, or CSE) anesthesia. Eligible patients will be those who report severe pain during surgery, defined as pain that does not resolve with 2 trials of first-line pharmacologic therapies (e.g., epidural supplementation with local anesthetics; intravenous opioid analgesics).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* We will exclude patients who require induction of general anesthesia prior to umbilical cord clamping and by clinician determination.",{"count":56,"type":22},600,[25],"Some patients who undergo cesarean section under spinal or epidural anesthesia can experience severe pain. Some patients who experience this kind of pain can experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after pregnancy. Currently, the two main options for treating this pain are general anesthesia (full medically induced unconsciousness) and using intravenous medications to reduce the pain and decrease anxiety. The EAGLET-CS Pilot is a pilot randomized trial that will test the feasibility of comparing the impact of these two options for preventing PTSD in a rigorous way for those patients who experience pain during their cesarean section after the baby is out.",[33,60],"Delivery; Trauma",[33,60,62,63],"C-section","PTSD","2026-06-09",{"date":66,"type":38},"2026-06-11",{"date":68,"type":38},"2026-04-06",{"date":70,"type":22},"2027-11",{"name":72,"class":45},"University of Pennsylvania",{"id":74,"slug":75,"hasResults":12,"nctId":76,"briefTitle":77,"officialTitle":78,"acronym":79,"eligibilityCriteria":80,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":81,"enrollmentInfo":82,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":84,"briefSummary":86,"conditions":87,"keywords":91,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":102,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":103,"startDateStruct":104,"completionDateStruct":106,"leadSponsor":108,"locationsCount":46},"100643446","phase-4-carbetocin-monotherapy-versus-carbetocin-plus-oxytocin-infusion-in-elective-cesarean-delivery-a-non-inferiority-trial-100643446","NCT07636421","Carbetocin Monotherapy Versus Carbetocin Plus Oxytocin Infusion in Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Non-Inferiority Trial","Comparative Efficacy of Carbetocin Monotherapy Versus Carbetocin With Supplemental Oxytocin Infusion in Maintaining Uterine Tone and Preventing Blood Loss in Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Controlled Trial","CARBOXY-RCT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult women aged 18 to 45 years\n* Scheduled for elective non-emergency cesarean delivery\n* Spinal anesthesia planned and administered as the sole anesthetic technique\n* Singleton pregnancy at gestational age of 37 completed weeks or more\n* ASA physical status II\n* Preoperative hemoglobin of 9 g\u002FdL or more\n* Able to provide written informed consent in Arabic or English\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Emergency or crash cesarean delivery\n* Placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum disorder, or other abnormal placentation\n* Known uterine anomalies likely to impair contractility including fibroids greater than 5 cm, bicornuate or unicornuate uterus\n* Grand multiparity defined as 5 or more previous deliveries\n* Multiple gestation including twins or higher order\n* Polyhydramnios defined as amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm\n* Prior oxytocin augmentation in current pregnancy for more than 6 hours\n* Known hypersensitivity to carbetocin, oxytocin, or any formulation excipient\n* Severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome\n* Cardiovascular disease including arrhythmia, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, or ischemic heart disease\n* Known coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia with platelets less than 100 x 10\\^9\u002FL\n* Hepatic or renal impairment\n* Body mass index greater than 40 kg\u002Fm2 at time of delivery\n* Enrollment in another interventional clinical trial","45 Years",{"count":83,"type":22},332,[85],"PHASE4","Background: Carbetocin is an established single-dose uterotonic agent for postpartum hemorrhage prophylaxis at elective cesarean delivery. Despite its proven efficacy, many clinicians routinely add a supplemental oxytocin infusion following carbetocin administration without evidence-based justification. Concurrent oxytocin receptor stimulation may be redundant, counterproductive through receptor desensitization, or incrementally beneficial - a mechanistic uncertainty that remains unresolved in the published literature.\n\nObjectives: To determine whether carbetocin monotherapy (100 micrograms IV bolus plus placebo infusion) is non-inferior to carbetocin plus supplemental oxytocin infusion (10 IU over 4 hours) in preventing the need for additional uterotonic agents within 24 hours of elective cesarean delivery.\n\nStudy Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial with an integrated pilot phase. Phase 1 (Pilot, n=60) establishes local feasibility and event rate. Phase 2 (Full trial, n=332) provides the definitive non-inferiority analysis.\n\nParticipants: Women aged 18-45 years undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia at Qassim University Medical City, singleton pregnancy at or beyond 37 weeks, ASA physical status II, preoperative hemoglobin 9 g\u002FdL or more.\n\nInterventions: Group C (Monotherapy): Carbetocin 100 micrograms IV bolus plus placebo saline infusion 500 mL over 4 hours. Group C+O (Combination): Carbetocin 100 micrograms IV bolus plus oxytocin 10 IU in 500 mL saline over 4 hours.\n\nPrimary Outcome: Proportion of patients requiring at least one additional uterotonic agent within 24 hours of delivery.\n\nSecondary Outcomes: Quantitative intraoperative blood loss by gravimetric measurement; total 24-hour blood loss; actual blood loss by Gross formula; hemoglobin and hematocrit changes; uterine tone scores by verbal numerical rating scale (0-10) at 2, 5, and 10 minutes; incidence of postpartum hemorrhage; blood transfusion requirement; hemodynamic profiles; adverse effects.\n\nSample Size: 332 patients (166 per group), non-inferiority margin 10 percentage points, one-sided alpha 0.025, 80% power, estimated baseline event rate 10%, with 15% dropout allowance.",[88,89,33,90],"Postpartum Hemorrhage","Uterine Atony","Blood Loss, Surgical",[92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100],"Carbetocin","Oxytocin","Uterotonic","Elective Cesarean Delivery","Non-Inferiority Trial","Uterine Tone","Gravimetric Blood Loss","Obstetric Anesthesia","Spinal Anesthesia","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-04",{"date":64,"type":38},{"date":105,"type":22},"2026-08",{"date":107,"type":22},"2028-08",{"name":109,"class":45},"Mansoura University",{"id":111,"slug":112,"hasResults":12,"nctId":113,"briefTitle":114,"officialTitle":115,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":116,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":117,"enrollmentInfo":118,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":120,"briefSummary":121,"conditions":122,"keywords":124,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":127,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":128,"startDateStruct":130,"completionDateStruct":132,"leadSponsor":134,"locationsCount":4},"100638930","exteriorization-versus-in-situ-hysterotomy-repair-during-cesarean-effects-on-uterine-tone-100638930","NCT07606846","Exteriorization Versus In Situ Hysterotomy Repair During Cesarean: Effects on Uterine Tone","Uterine Exteriorization Versus In Situ Hysterectomy Repair During Cesarean Delivery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18-55\n* Undergoing cesarean section\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient age \\\u003C18 or \\>55\n* Case urgency deemed too great for consent","55 Years",{"count":119,"type":22},60,[25],"During standard cesarean deliveries, there are two ways that obstetricians repair the incision on the uterus (hysterotomy after delivery of the baby. One method involves lifting the uterus out of its regular place in the abdomen to repair the incision (uterine exteriorization for repair). The second method involves leaving the uterus inside the abdomen to repair the uterus (in situ repair). Both of these methods are regularly used by obstetricians during cesarean deliveries, and it is not currently known if one has benefits over the other. Currently, surgeons use both methods, but lifting the uterus out of its place is slightly more common. In this study, participants will be randomly assigned to have one of these techniques performed during their surgery. Researchers will be investigating whether one technique or the other leads to better contraction of the uterus after delivery, less bleeding, less intra-operative nausea\u002Fvomiting, or a better patient experience than another.",[88,89,123,33],"Uterine Atony With Hemorrhage",[88,89,125,33,126,97],"Uterine Atony with Hemorrhage","Cesarean Delivery","2026-05-22",{"date":129,"type":38},"2026-05-27",{"date":131,"type":22},"2026-06-01",{"date":133,"type":22},"2029-06-01",{"name":135,"class":45},"Stanford University",{"id":137,"slug":138,"hasResults":12,"nctId":139,"briefTitle":140,"officialTitle":141,"acronym":142,"eligibilityCriteria":143,"healthyVolunteers":144,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":145,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":147,"briefSummary":148,"conditions":149,"keywords":153,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":161,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":162,"startDateStruct":164,"completionDateStruct":165,"leadSponsor":167,"locationsCount":46},"100639394","skin-to-skin-contact-and-lavender-aromatherapy-after-elective-cesarean-effects-on-cortisol-and-early-breastfeeding-100639394","NCT07612059","Skin-to-Skin Contact and Lavender Aromatherapy After Elective Cesarean: Effects on Cortisol and Early Breastfeeding","Elective Cesarean Section Postpartum Structured Mother-Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact With Maternal Lavender Aromatherapy: Effects on Maternal Salivary Cortisol, IgA Levels and Early Breastfeeding Outcomes - A Randomized Controlled Trial","LAVENDER-SSC","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female participants aged 18 to 40 years\n* Term singleton pregnancy (≥37 weeks of gestation)\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean section\n* ASA physical status I-II\n* Planned spinal anesthesia\n* Clinically stable mother and newborn immediately after birth\n* Ability to initiate breastfeeding in the early postpartum period\n* Provision of written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Emergency cesarean section\n* General anesthesia or conversion from spinal to general anesthesia\n* Need for neonatal resuscitation or severe neonatal compromise\n* Maternal hemodynamic instability or massive hemorrhage\n* Major fetal congenital anomalies\n* Known allergy or intolerance to lavender\n* Severe asthma or intolerance to strong odors\n* Major psychiatric disorders\n* Serious endocrine diseases affecting stress hormone regulation\n* Clinical conditions that preclude breastfeeding\n* Contraindications to spinal anesthesia\n* Refusal to participate in the study",true,{"count":146,"type":22},150,[25],"This single-center randomized controlled clinical trial will evaluate the effects of structured early postpartum mother-infant skin-to-skin contact, with or without maternal lavender aromatherapy, after elective cesarean section on maternal stress biomarkers and early breastfeeding outcomes. The study will enroll 150 term pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia at Ataturk University Research Hospital. Participants will be randomized into three groups: routine postoperative care, structured skin-to-skin contact, and structured skin-to-skin contact combined with inhalational lavender aromatherapy. The primary outcome is the change in maternal salivary cortisol level from immediately after birth to 60 minutes postpartum. Secondary outcomes include maternal salivary IgA levels, state anxiety scores, postoperative pain and nausea, time to first analgesic requirement, early breastfeeding initiation and success, LATCH scores, neonatal axillary temperature, cumulative duration and continuity of skin-to-skin contact, maternal satisfaction, and the need for mother-infant separation within the first 2 hours postpartum.",[150,33,151,152],"Breastfeeding","Postpartum Period","Maternal Stress",[154,155,156,157,158,159,160],"Elective cesarean section","Skin-to-skin contact","Lavender aromatherapy","Salivary cortisol","Immunoglobulin A (IgA)","Early breastfeeding","Postoperative pain","2026-05-21",{"date":163,"type":38},"2026-05-28",{"date":131,"type":22},{"date":166,"type":22},"2027-12-30",{"name":168,"class":45},"Ataturk University",{"id":170,"slug":171,"hasResults":12,"nctId":172,"briefTitle":173,"officialTitle":174,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":175,"healthyVolunteers":144,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":176,"enrollmentInfo":177,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":179,"briefSummary":180,"conditions":181,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":186,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":187,"startDateStruct":189,"completionDateStruct":191,"leadSponsor":193,"locationsCount":46},"100594749","determining-the-optimal-dose-of-intrathecal-morphine-for-post-cesarean-analgesia-100594749","NCT07023497","Determining the Optimal Dose of Intrathecal Morphine for Post-Cesarean Analgesia","Determination of the Optimal Dose of Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia After Cesarean Section Using the Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Method","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* term parturient\n* single pregnancy\n* elective cesarean delivery\n* adult parturient\n* ASA II\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* participants under the age of 18\n* extreme somatometric characteristics\n* lack of patient consent\n* absolute contraindications for spinal anesthesia\n* urgent cesarean section\n* presence of known fetal anomalies\n* onset of labor prior to administration of the block\n* history of chronic pain\n* use of opioids (systemic or otherwise) for any reason (e.g., chronic malignant pain)\n* communication difficulties (e.g., language barriers, cognitive impairments)\n* allergy or hypersensitivity to morphine\n* severe arrhythmia or other serious cardiovascular conditions\n* severe hepatic or renal insufficiency","50 Years",{"count":178,"type":22},100,[25],"Using spinal or epidural anesthesia (known as neuraxial blocks) is the gold standard for pain control during childbirth, especially in cesarean sections (C-sections). However, many women experience moderate to severe pain after a C-section, which can affect both their physical and emotional well-being, and even impact their ability to care for their newborn. Unfortunately, this pain is often not treated effectively, which can lead to increased sensitivity to pain or even chronic postoperative pain.\n\nOne effective way to manage this pain is by giving opioids directly into the spinal fluid (subarachnoid space). This method allows doctors to use much smaller doses than would be needed if the same medication were given through a vein, which also helps avoid many of the common side effects of opioids like respiratory depression, nausea, pruritus, and constipation.\n\nCommon opioids used in this setting include fentanyl, sufentanil, and morphine. These drugs behave differently depending on their chemical properties. For example, drugs that are more fat-soluble work faster, while those that are less fat-soluble tend to last longer. Morphine, which is less fat-soluble than the others, provides strong and long-lasting pain relief. When injected spinally, its effect can last 18-24 hours, with the pain relief starting 1-2 hours after the injection. Its performance is comparable to that of epidural anesthesia or nerve blocks.\n\nResearchers have studied a wide range of spinal morphine doses (from 20 to 500 micrograms) to find the most effective and safest dose. Most of these studies are small or use set doses without clear reasoning. Recently, a method called sequential allocation has become popular for finding the best dose more accurately.\n\nAbout the Study This research aims to find the ideal dose of spinal morphine when it's given with a fixed amount of fentanyl and varying doses of ropivacaine (a local anesthetic) during spinal anesthesia for C-section in healthy full-term parturients. The goal is to find the dose that provides adequate analgesia (pain score under 3 out of 10) for at least 12 hours after surgery.\n\nThis is a prospective, non-randomized, double-blind study. The study follows ethical standards and all participants sign an informed consent form. Two anesthesiologists are involved in each case: one handles the spinal injection and dose decision (based on the previous patient's response), while the other monitors the patient and collects the data without knowing the dose used.\n\nAnesthetic Technique Spinal anesthesia is done using standard procedures. A very fine needle (25 or 27 gauge) is used to inject a mixture of fentanyl (15 mcg), a variable dose of ropivacaine (based on somatometrics), and a variable dose of morphine (based on the algorithm). The mixture is injected slowly (1 ml every 10 seconds), with the needle facing toward the head. After surgery, all women receive additional pain medications like paracetamol and NSAIDs as part of a multimodal pain relief approach.\n\nHow the Morphine Dose is Decided\n\nThe dose of morphine changes based on whether the previous participant had effective pain relief. Pain relief is considered successful if the pain score stays at or below 3 (on a 0-10 scale) for at least 12 hours after the spinal injection. For the first woman in the study, the starting dose is chosen based on published research. Then:\n\n* If the previous participant had good pain control (NRS ≤3 for 12 hours), the dose for the next woman is reduced by 20 micrograms.\n* If pain control was poor (NRS \\>3 within the first 12 hours), the dose is increased by 40 micrograms.\n\nThis up-and-down adjustment continues for each new participant.",[182,33,183,184,185],"Morphine","Postoperative Pain, Acute","Spinal Analgesia","Postoperative Pain","2026-05-01",{"date":188,"type":38},"2026-05-07",{"date":190,"type":38},"2023-07-04",{"date":192,"type":22},"2026-09-01",{"name":194,"class":45},"University of Ioannina",{"id":196,"slug":197,"hasResults":12,"nctId":198,"briefTitle":199,"officialTitle":199,"acronym":200,"eligibilityCriteria":201,"healthyVolunteers":144,"sex":202,"minAge":18,"maxAge":203,"enrollmentInfo":204,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":205,"briefSummary":206,"conditions":207,"keywords":213,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":219,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":220,"startDateStruct":222,"completionDateStruct":224,"leadSponsor":226,"locationsCount":46},"100614171","the-effect-of-the-cesarean-eras-protocol-on-mother-infant-and-father-infant-bonding-a-multicenter-randomized-controlled-clinical-trial-100614171","NCT07276126","The Effect of the Cesarean ERAS Protocol on Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Bonding: a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","ERAS-CS-BOND-1","IInclusion Criteria:\n\nPregnant women aged 18-60 years.\n\nSingleton, live fetus, and ≥37 weeks of gestation.\n\nUndergoing elective or medically indicated cesarean delivery.\n\nAbility to read and understand Turkish (for questionnaire validity).\n\nMothers and fathers willing and able to complete postpartum follow-up assessments (2 hours, 24 hours, day 4, day 7).\n\nProvision of written informed consent by mother and, if participating, by father\u002Fpartner.\n\nMaternal postpartum clinical stability (no condition precluding questionnaire completion).\n\n❌ Exclusion Criteria (Dışlanma Kriterleri)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nPreterm birth (\\\u003C37 weeks) or multiple gestation (twins, triplets).\n\nStillbirth, early neonatal death, or major congenital anomaly.\n\nNewborn requiring prolonged NICU stay preventing bonding assessments.\n\nMaternal severe obstetric complications:\n\nMassive postpartum hemorrhage\n\nHysterectomy\n\nSevere preeclampsia or eclampsia\n\nSevere postpartum infection\n\nMaternal active psychiatric disorder or use of psychotropic medication.\n\nMaternal need for high-dose opioid analgesia or sedation interfering with bonding assessments.\n\nInability to read\u002Funderstand Turkish or cognitive impairment preventing questionnaire completion.\n\nFailure to complete follow-up visits (2 hours, 24 hours, day 4, day 7).\n\nWithdrawal of consent at any time.","ALL","60 Years",{"count":46,"type":22},[25],"This is a multicenter, 1:1 parallel-group, randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effect of the Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean (ERAS) protocol versus standard perioperative care on mother-infant and father-infant bonding in women undergoing cesarean delivery. The study will initially be conducted as a single-center trial at Istanbul Okan University Hospital. Once adequate site preparation is completed, additional centers will be added to expand the study to a multicenter setting.\n\nPrimary Outcome:\n\nThe primary outcome is the total score on the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) assessed on postpartum day 7, reflecting mother-infant bonding.\n\nSecondary Outcomes:\n\nSecondary outcomes include:\n\nMaternal\u002FParental Postnatal Attachment Scale (MIBS) score at 2 hours postpartum (mother)\n\nPBQ score at 24 hours postpartum (mother)\n\nPBQ score at day 4 postpartum (mother)\n\nPBQ score at day 7 postpartum (father-infant bonding)\n\nEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores for mothers at 2 hours and 7 days postpartum\n\nTime to initiation of breastfeeding\n\nRequirement for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission\n\nSample Size:\n\nThe total multicenter target sample size is n=300, with 150 participants in the ERAS group and 150 in the standard care group. The initial single-center phase at Okan University Hospital will enroll a target of n=100 participants (50 per group).\n\nRandomization:\n\nParticipants will be randomized using a block and stratified randomization approach based on parity (primiparous vs multiparous) and planned type of anesthesia.\n\nBlinding (Masking):\n\nDue to the nature of the intervention, care providers cannot be blinded to group assignment. However, outcome assessors and data analysts will remain blinded to treatment allocation to minimize bias.\n\nStudy Timeline and Visits:\n\nParticipants will be evaluated at multiple time points following cesarean delivery: 2 hours postpartum, 24 hours postpartum, day 4 postpartum, and day 7 postpartum. All primary and secondary outcomes will be collected at the specified time points.\n\nSignificance and Rationale:\n\nThe ERAS protocol for cesarean delivery is designed to optimize perioperative care, enhance recovery, and potentially improve early parent-infant bonding. While previous studies have focused on maternal recovery and clinical outcomes, evidence regarding the impact of ERAS on both mother-infant and father-infant bonding remains limited. This trial aims to provide high-quality evidence on whether ERAS implementation can improve early bonding experiences, maternal mental health, breastfeeding initiation, and neonatal outcomes compared with standard perioperative care. The findings may guide future clinical practice and contribute to optimizing family-centered care in cesarean deliveries.\n\nKey Features:\n\nMulticenter, randomized controlled design\n\nParallel 1:1 allocation\n\nStratified randomization by parity and anesthesia type\n\nBlinded outcome assessment and data analysis\n\nMultiple postpartum evaluation points\n\nFocus on psychosocial and clinical outcomes\n\nExpected Contributions:\n\nThis study will provide comprehensive data on the feasibility and effectiveness of ERAS protocols in cesarean deliveries and their potential benefits for both maternal and paternal bonding with the newborn. The inclusion of both mother-infant and father-infant outcomes, as well as maternal mental health and breastfeeding indicators, ensures a holistic assessment of early family-centered outcomes.",[208,209,33,210,211,212],"Bonding","ERAS","Maternal Care","Father - Child Relations","Mother-Infant Interaction",[214,215,216,217,218],"eras","erac","cesarean","maternal bonding","paternal bonding","2026-04-27",{"date":221,"type":38},"2026-04-28",{"date":223,"type":38},"2025-12-13",{"date":225,"type":22},"2026-04-20",{"name":227,"class":45},"Okan University",{"id":229,"slug":230,"hasResults":12,"nctId":231,"briefTitle":232,"officialTitle":233,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":234,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":235,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":237,"briefSummary":238,"conditions":239,"keywords":243,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":248,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":249,"startDateStruct":251,"completionDateStruct":253,"leadSponsor":255,"locationsCount":46},"100635339","effects-of-music-therapy-breathing-exercises-and-virtual-reality-on-obstetric-recovery-pain-and-gastrointestinal-symptoms-after-cesarean-section-100635339","NCT07551401","Effects of Music Therapy, Breathing Exercises, and Virtual Reality on Obstetric Recovery, Pain, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Cesarean Section","Comparative Investigation of the Effects of Music Therapy, Breathing Exercises, and Virtual Reality Application on Obstetric Recovery, Pain, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 18 years and older\n* Able to speak and understand Turkish\n* Gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks\n* Undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia\n* Able to communicate and willing to participate\n* No major intraoperative or early postoperative complications (within 0-12 hours), such as severe hemorrhage (\\>1000 mL), anesthesia-related cardiorespiratory complications, major surgical complications, wound dehiscence, sepsis, or need for intensive care\n* No visual or hearing impairments\n* Having a live, healthy, singleton newborn\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Passage of flatus before the intervention\n* Presence of any diagnosed medical condition during pregnancy\n* Development of maternal postpartum complications such as postpartum hemorrhage (\\>1000 mL), infection, wound dehiscence, sepsis, thromboembolism, or need for intensive care\n* Presence of neonatal complications such as neonatal distress requiring intensive care, congenital anomalies, severe respiratory distress, infection, or perinatal mortality\n* History of chronic pain, gastrointestinal disease, or respiratory disease\n* Diagnosed and treated psychiatric disorders",{"count":236,"type":22},192,[25],"Cesarean section is a common surgical procedure performed to deliver a baby when vaginal birth may pose risks to the mother or infant. Although it is often life-saving, recovery after cesarean section is frequently associated with multiple physical and psychological challenges, including postoperative pain, delayed gastrointestinal function, reduced mobility, fatigue, and decreased overall well-being. These factors may negatively affect a woman's ability to care for her newborn, initiate breastfeeding, and adapt to the postpartum period.\n\nIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in non-pharmacological interventions that can safely support postoperative recovery without causing additional side effects. Among these, music therapy, breathing exercises, and virtual reality applications have been identified as promising approaches. Music therapy may promote relaxation and reduce pain and anxiety through auditory stimulation and emotional regulation. Breathing exercises may enhance parasympathetic activity, improve oxygenation, reduce stress, and support gastrointestinal motility. Virtual reality applications, by providing immersive audiovisual experiences, may reduce pain perception, decrease anxiety, and improve overall comfort through distraction and relaxation mechanisms.\n\nAlthough these interventions have individually demonstrated beneficial effects in postoperative care, the existing literature is limited in directly comparing their relative effectiveness within the same study design. Furthermore, most studies have primarily focused on pain outcomes, while other important aspects of recovery, such as obstetric recovery quality and gastrointestinal symptoms, have received less attention.\n\nThis randomized controlled trial aims to comparatively investigate the effects of music therapy, breathing exercises, and virtual reality application on obstetric recovery, pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms in women following cesarean section. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or a control group receiving routine care. Standardized protocols will be applied for each intervention to ensure consistency.\n\nThe primary outcomes of this study include obstetric recovery, pain intensity, and gastrointestinal symptoms. By evaluating these outcomes simultaneously, the study aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of post-cesarean recovery.\n\nThe findings of this study are expected to contribute to evidence-based clinical practice by identifying effective, safe, and feasible non-pharmacological interventions that can be integrated into routine post-cesarean care. Ultimately, this research may help improve maternal comfort, accelerate recovery, and enhance the overall postpartum experience for women undergoing cesarean section.",[33,240,241,242],"Cesarean Section Pain","Obstetric Recovery","Gastrointestinal Symptoms",[33,241,185,242,244,245,246,247],"Music Therapy","Breathing Exercises","Virtual Reality","Postpartum Care","2026-04-26",{"date":250,"type":38},"2026-04-30",{"date":252,"type":22},"2026-05",{"date":254,"type":22},"2027-03",{"name":256,"class":45},"Selcuk University",{"id":258,"slug":259,"hasResults":12,"nctId":260,"briefTitle":261,"officialTitle":262,"acronym":263,"eligibilityCriteria":264,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":265,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":266,"briefSummary":267,"conditions":268,"keywords":271,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":280,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":281,"startDateStruct":283,"completionDateStruct":285,"leadSponsor":287,"locationsCount":46},"100634055","phase-4-suzetrigine-for-opioid-free-recovery-after-cesarean-delivery-100634055","NCT07534709","Suzetrigine for Opioid-Free Recovery After Cesarean Delivery","Suzetrigine Versus Placebo for Opioid-Free Recovery After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","SPARE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged ≥18 years.\n* Undergoing scheduled or unscheduled cesarean delivery during the current admission, with or without concomitant salpingectomy.\n* Planned delivery under neuraxial anesthesia (spinal, epidural, or combined spinal-epidural).\n* Planned Pfannenstiel skin incision.\n* Able to provide informed consent in English or Spanish.\n* Willing and able to complete required remote follow-up assessments through postoperative day 14 (POD14).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Planned provision of breast milk to the neonate during the period of suzetrigine exposure (while the study drug is being taken and for 96 hours after last dose), due to the absence of human lactation safety data for suzetrigine.\\*\n* Known allergy, hypersensitivity, or contraindication to suzetrigine or any component of its formulation.\n* Chronic opioid use, defined as daily opioid use for more than 7 consecutive days in the month prior to delivery, or current treatment for opioid use disorder.\n* Significant hepatic disease, defined as AST or ALT \\>3 times the upper limit of normal or Child-Pugh class B or C.\n* Severe renal impairment, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \\\u003C15 mL\u002Fmin.\n* Concurrent use of medications known to significantly alter suzetrigine metabolism, including strong CYP3A inhibitors or inducers, such as:\n\n  * ketoconazole\n  * ritonavir\n  * carbamazepine\n  * rifampin\n  * St. John's wort (or other agents deemed clinically significant CYP3A modulators by the study investigator team)\n* Planned cesarean delivery under general anesthesia without neuraxial anesthesia.\n* Planned non-Pfannenstiel skin incision (e.g., vertical midline incision).\n* Participation in another interventional pain-management clinical trial during the current hospitalization.\n* Additional operative procedures (excluding salpingectomy) performed at the time of cesarean delivery (e.g., hysterectomy, hernia repair).\n* Inability to provide informed consent or to complete required study procedures and follow-up.\n* Receipt of opioid or sedating medications prior to completion of the informed consent process.\n\n  * Feeding decisions are made independently of study participation. The study does not require participants to alter infant feeding plans; eligibility is determined solely by whether breast milk will be provided to the neonate during the period of study drug exposure (while the study drug is being taken and for 96 hours after last dose). Participants who plan to breastfeed but independently elect not to provide breast milk to the neonate during the period of suzetrigine exposure are eligible.",{"count":21,"type":22},[85],"The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether suzetrigine increases the proportion of patients who remain completely opioid-free from completion of surgery through 72 hours after cesarean delivery.\n\nThe main question it aims to answer is:\n\nDoes adjunctive suzetrigine, when added to a standardized multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen, increase the proportion of patients who remain opioid-free during the first 72 hours after cesarean delivery?\n\nResearchers will compare suzetrigine to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to evaluate this outcome.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Receive either suzetrigine or placebo after cesarean delivery\n* Receive standard postoperative pain management, including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and neuraxial morphine\n* Have opioid medications available as needed for breakthrough pain\n* Be followed during hospitalization and after discharge to assess pain, recovery, and medication use",[126,33,269,270],"Pain, Postoperative","Opioid Consumption, Postoperative",[272,126,273,274,275,276,277,278,279],"suzetrigine","cesarean section","postoperative pain","opioid-free recovery","opioid-sparing","multimodal analgesia","postpartum opioid use","NaV1.8 Inhibitor","2026-04-14",{"date":282,"type":38},"2026-04-16",{"date":284,"type":22},"2026-06",{"date":286,"type":22},"2028-05",{"name":288,"class":45},"University of Texas at Austin",{"id":290,"slug":291,"hasResults":12,"nctId":292,"briefTitle":293,"officialTitle":294,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":295,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":296,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":298,"briefSummary":299,"conditions":300,"keywords":304,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":306,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":307,"startDateStruct":309,"completionDateStruct":311,"leadSponsor":313,"locationsCount":4},"100633046","effect-of-video-based-versus-verbal-preoperative-information-on-anxiety-and-cortisol-levels-in-elective-cesarean-section-100633046","NCT07521592","Effect of Video-Based Versus Verbal Preoperative Information on Anxiety and Cortisol Levels in Elective Cesarean Section","The Effect of Video-Based Versus Verbal Preoperative Information on Anxiety and Serum Cortisol Levels in Elective Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18 years or older\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery\n* Planned to receive spinal anesthesia\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Emergency cesarean delivery\n* History of psychiatric disorders\n* Current use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medications\n* Endocrine disorders, particularly adrenal or thyroid disease\n* Current corticosteroid therapy\n* History of previous surgery under spinal anesthesia\n* Cognitive impairment preventing effective communication or completion of the assessment scales\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III-V",{"count":297,"type":22},140,[25],"Preoperative anxiety is a common problem in patients undergoing elective cesarean section and may negatively affect perioperative outcomes through activation of the stress response, including increased cortisol levels. Effective preoperative information is considered a key non-pharmacological strategy to reduce anxiety; however, the optimal method of information delivery remains unclear. This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of video-based versus verbal preoperative information on anxiety levels and serum cortisol response in patients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and serum cortisol levels will be measured before and after the intervention. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence for improving patient-centered preoperative education strategies in obstetric anesthesia.\"",[301,33,302,303],"Preoperative Anxiety","Surgical Stress Response","Cortisol",[301,126,305],"Cortisol Biomarker","2026-04-08",{"date":308,"type":38},"2026-04-13",{"date":310,"type":22},"2026-04-02",{"date":312,"type":22},"2026-07",{"name":314,"class":45},"Elazıg Fethi Sekin Sehir Hastanesi",{"id":316,"slug":317,"hasResults":12,"nctId":318,"briefTitle":319,"officialTitle":320,"acronym":321,"eligibilityCriteria":322,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":323,"enrollmentInfo":324,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":326,"briefSummary":327,"conditions":328,"keywords":331,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":332,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":333,"startDateStruct":335,"completionDateStruct":337,"leadSponsor":339,"locationsCount":46},"100537832","health-outcomes-in-c-section-infants-with-fecal-microbiota-transplantation-100537832","NCT06282952","Health Outcomes in C-Section Infants With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","Section-Born Infants and SUccessful Health Outcomes After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (SISU-FMT)","SISU-FMT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women age 18-49 years who are scheduled for elective CS at term, are recruited at 36 weeks of gestation during a visit for the assessment of mode of delivery at Oulu university Hospital, Oulu, Finland.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Use of regular immunosuppressive biological medication; inflammatory bowel disease in the mother; immunodeficiency disorder of the mother or any first-degree family member of the unborn baby; known or suspected major fetal congenital abnormality; travel outside Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, or New Zealand within the last three months; and antibiotic treatment within three months of delivery (excluding prophylactic cefuroxime - or an alternative in case of allergy - administered prior to the elective cesarean section).\n* Infant exclusion criteria are preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks of gestation), birth weight below 2500 g, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, need for respiratory support or antibiotic treatment of the newborn before discharge. In case of a suspected infection or newborn screening result for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is out of the normal range, of the newborn the randomization code can be opened.","49 Years",{"count":325,"type":22},534,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the differences in microbiota, height and weight between infants born by cesarean section and randomized to receive fecal microbiota transplant after birth. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Could micobiota transplant be used improve gut microbiota and prevent overweight or obesity.\n* Is the source of colonization a modifiable factor and can it be changed by using an early fecal microbiota transplant.",[329,33,330],"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","Overweight and Obesity",[329,33,330],"2026-04-01",{"date":334,"type":38},"2026-04-07",{"date":336,"type":38},"2026-03-31",{"date":338,"type":22},"2036-12-31",{"name":340,"class":45},"Oulu University Hospital",{"id":342,"slug":343,"hasResults":12,"nctId":344,"briefTitle":345,"officialTitle":346,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":347,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":348,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":349,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":351,"briefSummary":352,"conditions":353,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":336,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":355,"startDateStruct":356,"completionDateStruct":357,"leadSponsor":359,"locationsCount":4},"100632594","effects-of-high-flow-humidified-oxygen-on-umbilical-artery-acid-base-balance-in-cesarean-section-under-spinal-anesthesia-100632594","NCT07515716","Effects of High Flow Humidified Oxygen on Umbilical Artery Acid-base Balance in Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia","The Effectiveness of Binaural Beats on Midazolam Requirement During Cesarean Section With Spinal Anesthesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 20 years or older with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class 2-3 who are scheduled to undergo cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nA. Emergency surgery B. Patients in whom massive hemorrhage is anticipated, such as those with placenta previa C. Multiple pregnancy, preterm birth at less than 36 weeks of gestation, intrauterine growth restriction, or fetal anomalies D. History of hospitalization for preterm labor within the past 4 weeks requiring tocolytic therapy E. Respiratory diseases requiring oxygen therapy (e.g., moderate or severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) F. Individuals who are unable to read the consent form (e.g., illiterate individuals or foreigners who cannot read Korean)","20 Years",{"count":350,"type":22},200,[25],"Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used anesthetic technique for cesarean section in developed countries, but vasodilation and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance caused by sympathetic blockade result in hypotension in 7-74% of parturients. The fetus receives oxygen from the mother via uteroplacental blood flow, and because uteroplacental circulation during pregnancy has minimal autoregulation, uterine blood flow changes in proportion to maternal blood pressure. Therefore, a reduction in uterine blood flow due to maternal hypotension can lead to fetal hypoxia or acidosis and is associated with low Apgar scores after birth.\n\nOxygen administration may offer potential benefits, such as improving maternal cerebral perfusion and preventing fetal ischemic injury, and thus low-flow oxygen via a conventional nasal cannula is commonly used. However, there are few studies evaluating the effects of high-flow oxygen administration on fetal well-being during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Low-flow oxygen delivery through a conventional nasal cannula, which is commonly used during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, results in a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) of less than 40% due to dilution with ambient air. In contrast, OptiFlow THRIVE (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, Panmure, Auckland, New Zealand) is a device capable of delivering high-flow oxygen through a nasal interface, allowing administration of 100% oxygen to the mother and potentially providing greater protection against fetal ischemic injury. Delivering non-humidified oxygen at flow rates above 10 L\u002Fmin causes significant discomfort in awake patients, but OptiFlow THRIVE passes the gas through a heated humidification chamber immediately before delivery, enabling the administration of warmed and humidified oxygen even at high flow rates. Therefore, this study aims to compare high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy initiated upon operating room admission with conventional low-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, assessing their effects on maternal hemodynamic parameters and, ultimately, on fetal acid-base status.",[354,33,100],"Pregnancy",{"date":334,"type":38},{"date":334,"type":22},{"date":358,"type":22},"2027-03-31",{"name":360,"class":45},"Yonsei University",{"id":362,"slug":363,"hasResults":12,"nctId":364,"briefTitle":365,"officialTitle":366,"acronym":367,"eligibilityCriteria":368,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":369,"maxAge":370,"enrollmentInfo":371,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":373,"phases":4,"briefSummary":374,"conditions":375,"keywords":377,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":381,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":382,"startDateStruct":383,"completionDateStruct":385,"leadSponsor":387,"locationsCount":46},"100631382","predicting-spinal-hypotension-in-cesarean-section-100631382","NCT07499947","Predicting Spinal Hypotension in Cesarean Section","The Value of Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Modified Shock Index in Predicting Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Study","prediction","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class II\n2. Having regular antenatal visits\n3. Singleton pregnancy at ≥37 weeks of gestation\n4. Pregnant women aged 18-45 -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Those with eclampsia, those with preeclampsia\n2. Undergoing an emergency cesarean section\n3. Those with bleeding diathesis and those receiving anticoagulant therapy\n4. With a history of carotid artery stenosis,\n5. Cardiovascular disease,\n6. Hypertension,\n7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,\n8. Heart rhythm outside of sinus\n9. Patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease\n10. Alcoholism or psychiatric illness\n11. Placenta previa, accreta, and percreta","18 Months","45 Months",{"count":372,"type":22},321,"OBSERVATIONAL","This prospective observational study investigates the predictive value of anthropometric and hemodynamic indices for spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAIH) during cesarean section. While spinal anesthesia is preferred for its rapid onset, SAIH remains a frequent complication risking maternal and fetal safety. The study enrolled parturients at Erciyes University, excluding those with hypertension or extreme weight\u002Fheight. Preoperative measurements included BMI, waist circumference (WC), body roundness index (BRI), and modified shock index (MSI). Following standardized spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine (Harten's dosage), hemodynamic parameters and sensory block levels were monitored. This research aims to determine whether BRI and WC offer superior predictive utility compared with conventional markers such as BMI and MSI to enhance individualized risk assessment in obstetric anesthesia.",[100,33,376],"Hypotension",[378,379,380,376],"Bupivacaine","Cesarean","Spinal anesthesia","2026-03-30",{"date":336,"type":38},{"date":384,"type":38},"2026-03-16",{"date":386,"type":22},"2026-11-30",{"name":388,"class":45},"TC Erciyes University",{"id":390,"slug":391,"hasResults":12,"nctId":392,"briefTitle":393,"officialTitle":394,"acronym":395,"eligibilityCriteria":396,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":81,"enrollmentInfo":397,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":398,"briefSummary":399,"conditions":400,"keywords":403,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":417,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":418,"startDateStruct":419,"completionDateStruct":421,"leadSponsor":423,"locationsCount":46},"100630998","effect-of-pre-spinal-mindfulness-based-breathing-exercise-on-hemodynamic-response-in-elective-cesarean-section-100630998","NCT07494955","\"Effect of Pre-Spinal Mindfulness-Based Breathing Exercise on Hemodynamic Response in Elective Cesarean Section\"","\"The Effect of a 5-Minute Mindfulness-Based Breathing Exercise Administered Prior to Spinal Anesthesia on Hemodynamic Response in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial\"","BREATHE-CS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPregnant women aged 18-45 years Singleton pregnancy Gestational age 37 weeks or greater American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification II Scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia Body mass index (BMI) 35 kg\u002Fm2 or less Ability to comprehend verbal instructions and perform the breathing exercise Provision of written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nEmergency cesarean section Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome) Placenta previa, placental abruption, or active antepartum hemorrhage Multiple pregnancy Contraindications to spinal anesthesia Failed spinal anesthesia requiring conversion to general anesthesia Chronic hypertension or chronic hypotension Known cardiac disease (arrhythmia, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy) Diabetes mellitus with autonomic neuropathy Thyroid dysfunction Chronic pulmonary disease potentially affecting respiratory pattern Body mass index greater than 35 kg\u002Fm2 Regular use of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, alpha-agonists, or alpha-antagonists Regular use of anxiolytics, antidepressants, sedatives, or chronic opioids Diagnosed anxiety disorder, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, or other psychiatric illness Regular use of psychiatric medications Cognitive impairment or communication difficulties Attention or compliance problems precluding adequate performance of the breathing exercise Prior regular practice of meditation, yoga, or mindfulness-based training",{"count":146,"type":22},[25],"Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension is one of the most frequent and clinically significant complications of obstetric anesthesia, occurring in up to 50-80% of parturients undergoing elective cesarean section. Preoperative anxiety has been shown to potentiate hemodynamic instability through autonomic nervous system activation, thereby increasing susceptibility to spinal hypotension.\n\nThis prospective, randomized, controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a standardized 5-minute mindfulness-based breathing exercise administered immediately prior to spinal anesthesia on the hemodynamic response in pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section. Eligible participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two parallel groups: the Mindfulness-Based Breathing Exercise Group and the Control Group receiving standard preoperative care.\n\nThe breathing intervention consists of slow diaphragmatic breathing at a rate of approximately 6 breaths per minute (4-second inhalation through the nose, 6-second exhalation through the mouth), guided by a standardized script delivered by a trained anesthesiologist or nurse. Participants in the intervention group will be instructed to silently repeat the phrase \"My body is relaxing as I exhale\" with each exhalation, incorporating a mindfulness component.\n\nThe primary outcome is the maximum decrease in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) within the first 10 minutes following spinal anesthesia induction. Secondary outcomes include preoperative state anxiety scores (STAI-5), early spinal hypotension incidence, heart rate changes, and vasopressor requirements.\n\nThe study will be conducted at Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines.",[376,33,401,402],"Hemodynamic Instability","Anxiety, Anticipatory",[380,376,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416],"Cesarean section","Mindfulness","Breathing exercise","Hemodynamic response","Preoperative anxiety","Autonomic nervous system","Obstetric anesthesia","Vasopressor","Systolic blood pressure","Heart rate variability","Non-pharmacological intervention","Randomized controlled trial","Baroreflex sensitivity","2026-03-27",{"date":332,"type":38},{"date":420,"type":38},"2026-03-01",{"date":422,"type":22},"2028-03-01",{"name":424,"class":45},"Aysenur Dostbil",{"id":426,"slug":427,"hasResults":12,"nctId":428,"briefTitle":429,"officialTitle":429,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":430,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":81,"enrollmentInfo":431,"targetDuration":433,"studyType":373,"phases":4,"briefSummary":434,"conditions":435,"keywords":438,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":443,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":444,"startDateStruct":445,"completionDateStruct":446,"leadSponsor":448,"locationsCount":46},"100631139","investigation-of-the-role-of-internal-jugular-vein-collapsibility-index-in-predicting-spinal-anesthesia-induced-hypotension-in-preeclamptic-parturients-100631139","NCT07496788","Investigation of the Role of Internal Jugular Vein Collapsibility Index in Predicting Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Preeclamptic Parturients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 45 years\n* ASA physical status II-III\n* Diagnosed with preeclampsia\n* Scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia with cesarean urgency classified as Lucas category 3-4\n* Gestational age ≥28 weeks\n* Provided written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cesarean urgency classified as Lucas category 1-2\n* Gestational age \\\u003C28 weeks\n* ASA physical status ≥ IV\n* Known renal disease\n* Cardiac instability or known arrhythmia\n* Requirement of general anesthesia or sedation\n* Inability to provide informed consent",{"count":432,"type":22},96,"1 Day","This prospective, single-center observational study aims to evaluate the predictive value of the internal jugular vein collapsibility index (IJVCI) for spinal anesthesia-associated hypotension in preeclamptic parturients (gestational age ≥28 weeks) undergoing cesarean delivery classified as Lucas category 3-4. Preoperative IJVCI will be measured using ultrasonography before spinal anesthesia during spontaneous and deep respiration. The incidence of hypotension within the first 20 minutes after spinal anesthesia will be recorded. The diagnostic performance of IJVCI in predicting hypotension will be analyzed.",[436,437,33],"Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension","Preeclampsia",[437,100,376,439,440,33,441,442],"Internal Jugular Vein","Collapsibility Index","Ultrasonography","Hemodynamic Monitoring","2026-03-23",{"date":417,"type":38},{"date":186,"type":22},{"date":447,"type":22},"2026-07-25",{"name":449,"class":45},"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent",{"id":451,"slug":452,"hasResults":12,"nctId":453,"briefTitle":454,"officialTitle":454,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":455,"healthyVolunteers":144,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":456,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":373,"phases":4,"briefSummary":458,"conditions":459,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":443,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":463,"startDateStruct":465,"completionDateStruct":467,"leadSponsor":469,"locationsCount":46},"100624711","relationship-between-the-severity-of-sleep-deprivation-in-the-first-48-hours-postpartum-breastfeeding-motivation-and-breastfeeding-success-100624711","NCT07413185","Relationship Between the Severity of Sleep Deprivation in the First 48 Hours Postpartum, Breastfeeding Motivation, and Breastfeeding Success","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Primiparous or multiparous women aged 18 years and older\n* Having a healthy term delivery\n* Infant not admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)\n* Initiated breastfeeding within the first 48 hours postpartum\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Complications requiring sedation\n* Severe postpartum hemorrhage\n* Severe postoperative pain or need for narcotic analgesics",{"count":457,"type":22},167,"The postpartum period is a critical time marked by significant physiological and psychosocial changes that can affect sleep, emotional well-being, and breastfeeding behaviors. Previous studies indicate that mode of delivery and sleep quality are closely associated with breastfeeding outcomes, with cesarean birth often linked to poorer sleep and lower breastfeeding success. Evidence also suggests that postpartum sleep disturbances are related to reduced breastfeeding self-efficacy, lower motivation, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and shorter breastfeeding duration.\n\nHowever, the literature lacks studies that evaluate insomnia severity, breastfeeding motivation, and breastfeeding success simultaneously-particularly during the first 48 hours after birth. This analytical study aims to assess insomnia severity, breastfeeding motivation, and breastfeeding success (LATCH) within the first 48 postpartum hours and to examine the relationships among these variables. Findings are expected to support early postpartum clinical interventions to improve maternal and infant health outcomes.",[151,460,150,461,33,462],"Sleep","Motivation","Lactation",{"date":464,"type":38},"2026-03-24",{"date":466,"type":38},"2026-03-12",{"date":468,"type":22},"2027-02-23",{"name":470,"class":45},"Acibadem University",{"id":472,"slug":473,"hasResults":12,"nctId":474,"briefTitle":475,"officialTitle":476,"acronym":477,"eligibilityCriteria":478,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":479,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":481,"briefSummary":482,"conditions":483,"keywords":485,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":488,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":489,"startDateStruct":490,"completionDateStruct":492,"leadSponsor":494,"locationsCount":496},"100543567","evaluation-of-the-absence-of-intraoperative-bladder-catheterization-in-case-of-planned-cesarean-section-100543567","NCT06357546","Evaluation of the Absence of Intraoperative Bladder Catheterization in Case of Planned Cesarean Section","Evaluation of the Absence of Intraoperative Bladder Catheterization in Case of Planned Cesarean Section: Multicenter Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial","C2S","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patient\n* Patient admitted for a planned cesarean section after 34 weeks under spinal anesthesia\n* Single or twin pregnancy\n* Unscarred or with one or two scars of the uterus\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Positive urine test strip showing a presence of nitrites or leukocytes, the day before the surgery suggesting asymptomatic bacteriuria\n* Emergency Caesarean\n* Scheduled Caesarean section with intervention delayed beyond 3 p.m. for service organization reasons\n* Epidural anesthesia\n* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia (uncorrected hypovolemia; blood coagulation disorders; sepsis or severe inflammation at the puncture site; neurological deficit; migraine pattern; spinal cord disease; spinal malformation; febrile syndrome)\n* ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score ≥ 4\n* Placental insertion abnormality (placenta previa and\u002For accreta)\n* Medical indication for monitoring of diuresis\n* Oliguria or renal failure\n* Indication for use of intrathecal clonidine during scheduled cesarean section\n* History of bladder surgery or surgical urological pathology during pregnancy (JJ catheter in place)\n* History of complex abdominal surgery\n* Impossibility or absence of obtaining free, informed and written consent, after a period of reflection\n* Patient not affiliated or beneficiary of a national health insurance system\n* Patient under legal protection, under guardianship or under curatorship\n* Patient having participated in interventional research on a drug within 3 months before inclusion\n* Patient participating in another interventional research\n* Patient in exclusion period determined by another study",{"count":480,"type":22},550,[25],"The hypothesis of this trial is that the absence of systematic bladder catheterization in patients performing spontaneous urination in the hour preceding the planned cesarean section under spinal anesthesia would not lead to more bladder heterocatheterization for postpartum urinary retention (RUPP) in the 24 hours post-cesarean section than systematic intraoperative bladder catheterization up to 2 hours post-surgery.",[484,33],"Pregnant Women",[486,33,487],"Catheterization Urethral","Postpartum Urinary Retention","2026-03-10",{"date":466,"type":38},{"date":491,"type":38},"2025-01-20",{"date":493,"type":22},"2029-11",{"name":495,"class":45},"University Hospital, Montpellier",2,{"id":498,"slug":499,"hasResults":12,"nctId":500,"briefTitle":501,"officialTitle":502,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":503,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":81,"enrollmentInfo":504,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":506,"briefSummary":507,"conditions":508,"keywords":513,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":520,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":521,"startDateStruct":522,"completionDateStruct":524,"leadSponsor":526,"locationsCount":46},"100626825","restrictive-vs-liberal-intraoperative-fluid-strategy-and-postoperative-outcomes-after-elective-cesarean-section-100626825","NCT07440667","Restrictive vs Liberal Intraoperative Fluid Strategy and Postoperative Outcomes After Elective Cesarean Section","A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Restrictive and Liberal Intraoperative Fluid Strategies on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Gastrointestinal Recovery After Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female patients aged 18-45 years\n* ASA physical status II\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia\n* Provision of written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Emergency cesarean section\n* Preeclampsia or eclampsia\n* Known cardiac failure\n* Known renal failure\n* Known hepatic failure\n* Coagulopathy\n* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia\n* Conversion to general anesthesia\n* Major technical complications during spinal anesthesia\n* Refusal to participate",{"count":505,"type":22},160,[25],"Spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section is frequently associated with hemodynamic instability and postoperative complications such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and delayed gastrointestinal recovery. Although intraoperative fluid administration is routinely used to prevent spinal-induced hypotension, the optimal fluid strategy remains unclear. Both restrictive and liberal fluid approaches may influence maternal hemodynamics and postoperative outcomes through different physiological mechanisms.\n\nThis prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial aims to compare restrictive (≤3 mL\u002Fkg\u002Fh) and liberal (\\>3 mL\u002Fkg\u002Fh) intraoperative crystalloid fluid strategies in patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The primary outcome is the incidence of PONV within the first 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include postdural puncture headache (PDPH), time to first flatus, hypotension frequency, and vasopressor requirements.",[33,509,510,511,512],"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)","Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH)","Postoperative Ileus","Gastrointestinal Recovery",[33,100,514,515,516,517,518,512,376,519],"Intraoperative Fluid Therapy","Restrictive Fluid Strategy","Liberal Fluid Strategy","Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","Postdural Puncture Headache","Vasopressor Use","2026-03-07",{"date":488,"type":38},{"date":523,"type":38},"2026-03-04",{"date":525,"type":22},"2027-01-30",{"name":527,"class":45},"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University",{"id":529,"slug":530,"hasResults":12,"nctId":531,"briefTitle":532,"officialTitle":533,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":534,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":176,"enrollmentInfo":535,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":536,"briefSummary":537,"conditions":538,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":540,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":541,"startDateStruct":543,"completionDateStruct":545,"leadSponsor":547,"locationsCount":46},"100449338","post-operative-cesarean-trial-of-pain-control-100449338","NCT05131178","Post-operative Cesarean Trial of Pain Control","Double Blind Randomized Trial of Post-operative Cesarean Continuous Infusion of Bupivacaine Versus Placebo for Local Incisional Pain Control","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant patients 18 years of age or older\n* Patients undergoing both scheduled and unscheduled cesarean deliveries at CFCC\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active substance abuse (ex methamphetamines) determined by patient report, toxin screen, or screening physician's determination\n* Current treatment for chronic pain involving opiate receptor agonism or antagonism (i.e. suboxone, methadone, naltrexone, oxycodone)\n* Contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia\n* Known allergies to common anesthetic medications\n* Inability to consent to study procedures\n* Patient receiving general anesthesia",{"count":178,"type":22},[25],"This study plans to learn more about postoperative pain management after cesarean deliveries (C-sections). As a part of standard of care, the Children's Hospital Colorado's Colorado Fetal Care Center (CFCC) follows the standard Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean (ERAC) guidelines to manage pain following C-section delivery. In addition, the CFCC uses an FDA approved medical device called the ON-Q ® Pump, which continuously delivers local anesthetic medication to control pain in the area of your procedure. The local anesthetic used is bupivacaine, which is FDA approved for use to control local pain after C-sections. The CFCC has found a significant reduction in opioid use after adopting both of these procedures. The study aims to determine if the ERAC protocol or ON-Q ® Pump continuous infusion is responsible for lower opioid use by comparing bupivacaine (treatment) versus saline (placebo) groups.",[539,33],"Post-operative Pain","2026-02-04",{"date":542,"type":38},"2026-02-06",{"date":544,"type":38},"2021-11-07",{"date":546,"type":22},"2027-05",{"name":548,"class":45},"University of Colorado, Denver",{"id":550,"slug":551,"hasResults":12,"nctId":552,"briefTitle":553,"officialTitle":554,"acronym":555,"eligibilityCriteria":556,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":557,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":558,"briefSummary":559,"conditions":560,"keywords":562,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":566,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":567,"startDateStruct":569,"completionDateStruct":570,"leadSponsor":572,"locationsCount":46},"100621977","phase-4-intrathecal-morphine-versus-transabdominal-plane-block-tap-block-for-analgesic-management-in-elective-caesarean-section-100621977","NCT07377630","Intrathecal MoRphine Versus Transabdominal Plane Block (TAP) Block for AnalGesic Management in Elective Caesarean Section","Intrathecal MoRphine Versus Transabdominal Plane Block (TAP) Block for AnalGesic Management in Elective Caesarean Section Performed Under Neuraxial Anesthesia. A Monocentric Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","MIRAGE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Planned for elective Cesarean Section (CS)\n* Scheduled for spinal anesthesia\n* Gestational age \\> 34 weeks\n* Age 18 years or above\n* Ability to read and understand the information sheet and to sign and date the consent form\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification \\>2\n* Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg\u002Fm2\n* Weight \\\u003C 50 kg\n* Height \\\u003C 150 cm or ≥ 180 cm\n* Complicated Pregnancy (abnormal placentation, preeclampsia or others)\n* Women with opioid use disorder\n* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia (clotting disorder, local infection, spinal malformation, elevated intracranial pressure)\n* Contraindication to Transabdominal Plane Block (TAP) block (skin infection, abdominal wall muscle defects)\n* Allergy\u002Fcontraindication to any medication used in the study\n* Previous median abdominal incision\n* Emergency or unplanned CS",{"count":178,"type":22},[85],"The goal of this randomized controlled clinical trial is to determine if low-dose intrathecal morphine is superior to a Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block with ropivacaine and clonidine for postoperative analgesia in women aged 18 years or older undergoing elective cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Is intrathecal morphine more effective than TAP block in reducing postoperative somatic pain at rest?\n* Does intrathecal morphine differ from TAP block in terms of adverse events, pain during mobilization, visceral pain, rescue analgesic use, maternal satisfaction, and newborn wellbeing?\n\nResearchers will compare the intrathecal morphine (ITM) group to the TAP block (TB) group to see if ITM provides superior analgesia and improved secondary outcomes.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Undergo spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine and sufentanil\n* add 30 μg intrathecal morphine (only ITM group)\n* receive bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.25% and 75 μg clonidine per side (only TB group)\n* receive standardized postoperative analgesia with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and tramadol as needed\n* be monitored postoperatively for pain (somatic and visceral, at rest and with movement), adverse events, mobilization, maternal satisfaction, and newborn outcomes at regular intervals for 24 hours\n\nThis is a single-center, pilot, single-blind trial involving 100 participants (50 per group).",[354,33,561],"Neuroaxial Analgesia Procedures",[273,563,564,565],"neuraxial anesthesia","TAP block","morphine","2026-01-22",{"date":568,"type":38},"2026-01-30",{"date":420,"type":22},{"date":571,"type":22},"2027-03-02",{"name":573,"class":45},"Istituto Giannina Gaslini",{"id":575,"slug":576,"hasResults":12,"nctId":577,"briefTitle":578,"officialTitle":579,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":580,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":581,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":583,"briefSummary":584,"conditions":585,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":591,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":592,"startDateStruct":594,"completionDateStruct":595,"leadSponsor":597,"locationsCount":46},"100619378","virtual-reality-versus-intravenous-dexmedetomidine-on-maternal-anxiety-stress-hemodynamics-and-neonatal-outcomes-during-cesarean-section-100619378","NCT07343843","Virtual Reality Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Maternal Anxiety, Stress, Hemodynamics, and Neonatal Outcomes During Cesarean Section","Effect of Virtual Reality Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Maternal Anxiety, Stress, Hemodynamics, and Neonatal Outcomes During Cesarean Section","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age over 18 years old.\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II.\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean section (CS) delivery under Central Neuraxial Blockade.\n* Provide informed consent and agree to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient's refusal\n* Patient known have contraindications for Regional Anesthesia as infection at the site of injection, severe coagulopathy or allergy to local anesthetics.\n* Patient with psychiatric disorders.\n* Sensory impairment (blindness, deafness).\n* Any technical problem preventing proper fitting of the glasses to the patient face.\n* Patients with cognitive impairment, epilepsy or with claustrophobia\n* Patients with suspected eye infection\n* Signs of active labor.\n* Pregnancy related-diseases or antepartum hemorrhage.\n* Presence of Fetal distress.",{"count":582,"type":22},52,[25],"This study aims to compare the efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion versus virtual reality (VR) in reducing maternal anxiety, stress, and hemodynamic instability during cesarean section and their effects on neonatal outcome as respiration and heart rate.",[246,586,587,588,589,590,33],"Dexmedetomidine","Maternal Anxiety","Stress","Hemodynamics","Neonatal Outcomes","2026-01-17",{"date":593,"type":38},"2026-01-21",{"date":591,"type":38},{"date":596,"type":22},"2026-07-01",{"name":598,"class":45},"Benha University",{"id":600,"slug":601,"hasResults":12,"nctId":602,"briefTitle":603,"officialTitle":604,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":605,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":606,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":608,"briefSummary":609,"conditions":610,"keywords":611,"overallStatus":101,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":616,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":617,"startDateStruct":619,"completionDateStruct":621,"leadSponsor":622,"locationsCount":496},"100619781","sensory-block-onset-epidural-vs-dural-puncture-epidural-in-cesarean-section-100619781","NCT07349082","Sensory Block Onset: Epidural vs Dural Puncture Epidural in Cesarean Section","Comparison of Sensory Block Onset Time Between Epidural and Dural Puncture Epidural (DPE) Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women scheduled to undergo cesarean delivery\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II-III\n* Willing to participate in the study by providing written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with absolute contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia\n* Patients with known allergy or history of allergy to medications used in the study\n* Patients with psychiatric disorders or who are uncooperative\n* Patients with accidental dural puncture\n\nDropout Criteria:\n\n* Patients who require conversion to general anesthesia during the procedure\n* Patients who experience major intraoperative complications (massive hemorrhage, shock, or cardiac arrest)",{"count":607,"type":22},72,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the onset of sensory block between epidural anesthesia and dural puncture epidural (DPE) in patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. The study also aims to evaluate hemodynamic stability and procedure-related side effects associated with both techniques.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n1. What is the difference in the onset of sensory block between epidural anesthesia and dural puncture epidural (DPE) in patients undergoing cesarean section?\n2. Are there differences in hemodynamic stability between epidural anesthesia and DPE during surgery?\n3. What procedure-related side effects occur with each anesthetic technique?\n\nResearchers will compare epidural anesthesia with dural puncture epidural (DPE) to determine which technique achieves a faster and more effective sensory block while maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n1. Be randomly assigned to receive either epidural anesthesia or DPE anesthesia\n2. Undergo elective cesarean delivery under regional anesthesia\n3. Have sensory block onset, hemodynamic parameters, and adverse events monitored and recorded intraoperatively",[33],[273,612,613,614,615],"epidural anesthesia","dural puncture epidural","sensory block onset","hemodynamic stability","2026-01-15",{"date":618,"type":38},"2026-01-16",{"date":620,"type":22},"2026-01-05",{"date":186,"type":22},{"name":623,"class":45},"Gadjah Mada University",{"id":625,"slug":626,"hasResults":12,"nctId":627,"briefTitle":628,"officialTitle":629,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":630,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":631,"maxAge":632,"enrollmentInfo":633,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":634,"briefSummary":635,"conditions":636,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":640,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":641,"startDateStruct":643,"completionDateStruct":645,"leadSponsor":647,"locationsCount":46},"100496957","ultrasound-guided-tapb-vs-surgical-tapb-with-bupivacaine-in-cesarean-section-100496957","NCT05750992","Ultrasound Guided TAPB vs Surgical TAPB With Bupivacaine in Cesarean Section","Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAPB) vs Surgical TAPB With Bupivacaine for Acute Pain Control in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Full term pregnant women\n* Older than 21 years of age\n* Had elective cesarean section with Pfannenstiel incision.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with cesarean section using different surgical incision\n* History of addiction \\[including opioids and benzodiazepines\\]\n* Allergy to the anesthetic analgesia\n* Psychological disorders\n* Coagulopathies\n* Infection at the block injection site.","21 Years","35 Years",{"count":5,"type":22},[25],"The aim of this study is to compare Surgical Transversus abdominis plane block and Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) as a postoperative analgesic regimen in female patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery.",[33,637,638,378,639],"Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block","Surgical Transversus Abdominis Plane Block","Acute Pain","2026-01-04",{"date":642,"type":38},"2026-01-06",{"date":644,"type":38},"2023-04-10",{"date":646,"type":22},"2026-12-30",{"name":648,"class":45},"Al-Azhar University",{"id":650,"slug":651,"hasResults":12,"nctId":652,"briefTitle":653,"officialTitle":653,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":654,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":655,"targetDuration":433,"studyType":373,"phases":4,"briefSummary":656,"conditions":657,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":660,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":661,"startDateStruct":662,"completionDateStruct":664,"leadSponsor":666,"locationsCount":46},"100597351","effect-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-on-the-frequency-and-severity-of-spinal-anesthesia-induced-hypotension-in-pregnant-women-undergoing-cesarean-section-100597351","NCT07057362","Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Frequency and Severity of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Pregnant Women Undergoing Cesarean Section","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18 years or older\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia\n* Able and willing to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Emergency cesarean sections\n* History of significant cardiovascular disease (e.g., arrhythmia, heart failure)\n* Known neurological disorders affecting autonomic function\n* Current vitamin D supplementation within the past 30 days\n* Inability to undergo blood sampling or provide valid hemodynamic data\n* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia",{"count":297,"type":22},"Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension remains a common and significant complication during cesarean sections, posing risks for both mother and fetus. Vitamin D deficiency, frequently observed in pregnant women, is associated with altered vascular function and potential hemodynamic instability. This prospective observational study aims to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence and severity of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Vitamin D levels will be measured preoperatively, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters will be closely monitored. The findings could contribute to improved management strategies for pregnant patients at risk of severe hypotension.",[658,659,33],"Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension","Vitamin D Deficiency","2026-01-02",{"date":642,"type":38},{"date":663,"type":38},"2025-03-01",{"date":665,"type":22},"2025-12-30",{"name":667,"class":45},"Duzce University",{"id":669,"slug":670,"hasResults":12,"nctId":671,"briefTitle":672,"officialTitle":672,"acronym":673,"eligibilityCriteria":674,"healthyVolunteers":144,"sex":202,"minAge":4,"maxAge":176,"enrollmentInfo":675,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":676,"briefSummary":677,"conditions":678,"keywords":692,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":698,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":699,"startDateStruct":701,"completionDateStruct":703,"leadSponsor":705,"locationsCount":496},"100609268","infant-microbiota-restoration-with-maternal-microbes-100609268","NCT07212361","Infant Microbiota Restoration With Maternal Microbes","MaMi","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy mother and healthy pregnancy\n* Singleton pregnancy,\n* Mothers who speak Finnish or Swedish\n* Mothers who are planning to breastfeed or give breastmilk by bottle to the infant\n* Infants who are expected to be healthy and who will not require BCG vaccination.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participants who lives further than a 2-hour drive from Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland\n* Mothers who are not planning to breastfeed or feed breastmilk by bottle to the infant\n* Mothers who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia or who have been receiving antibiotics during the pregnancy or delivery\n* Premature infants born before the pregnancy week 37\n* Infants, who are born by urgent cesarean section or emergency cesarean section\n* Infants, who receive antibiotics during the first week of life\n* Infants, who are diagnosed with a disease, congenital anomaly or who receive less than 9 Apgar points at 5 minutes.\n* Infants, who receive BCG-vaccine",{"count":178,"type":22},[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to test the ability of different bacterial products in restoring natural gut microbiota in C-section born infants. The main question it aims to answer is:\n\nDo maternally derived strains of bacteria perform better than commercially available probiotic strains in restoring the gut microbiota of C-section born infants? Researchers will compare the gut microbiota of treated infants to that of untreated C-section born infants and untreated vaginally born infants to see if the bacterial treatments cause the microbiota to resemble that of vaginally born infants.\n\nParticipants will be given a bacterial product orally once daily for either one or four weeks and be asked to collect faecal, urine and saliva samples.",[679,680,681,682,33,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,354,691],"Infant, Newborn","Gut -Microbiota","Gut Dysbiosis","Cesarean Delivery Affecting Newborn","Vaginal Delivery","Gastrointestinal Microbiota","Microbiota, Cesarean Section, Probiotics, Dysbiosis","Feces","Delivery, Obstetric","Microbiota","Microbiology","Humans","Neonate",[693,694,273,695,696,697],"Infant","newborn","neonate","restore","gut microbiota","2025-09-30",{"date":700,"type":38},"2025-10-08",{"date":702,"type":38},"2025-07-17",{"date":704,"type":22},"2035-12-31",{"name":706,"class":45},"University of Helsinki"]