[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,7,0,[8,47,75,96,120,146,168],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":28,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":41,"leadSponsor":43,"locationsCount":46},"100633713","phase-1-deposition-of-inhaled-liposomal-amphotericin-b-in-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis-cpa-100633713",false,"NCT07530263","Deposition of Inhaled Liposomal Amphotericin B in Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA)","Nebulised lIposomal aMphotericin B in Chronic pUlmonary aSpergillosis: a Deposition Study","NIMBUS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* The patient is at least 18 years old on the day of inclusion.\n* The patients has been diagnosed with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.\n* There is no significant interference with standard care and follow-up.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* The patient is breastfeeding, or of childbearing potential and is pregnant, planning to become pregnant within 3 months of the SPECT imaging, unable to provide a negative pregnancy test at screening, or unwilling to use effective contraception during the study and for at least 3 months after the last SPECT scan.\n* The patient is not able to lie supine in the scanner.\n* The patient has previously reported intolerance to inhalation medication.\n* The patient is unable to provide informed consent due to lack of decision-making capacity.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},18,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"PHASE1","This study evaluates and aims to optimize inhalation treatment with nebulized liposomal amphotericin B in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. The primary objective is to assess the pulmonary deposition and intrapulmonary distribution of liposomal amphotericin B after nebulization, using technetium-99m-labeled liposomal amphotericin B and SPECT\u002FCT imaging. The study also aims to generate data to inform optimization of inhalation treatment design.\n\nParticipants will receive two different doses of nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (12 mg and 24 mg) on separate study days. After each administration, participants will undergo SPECT\u002FCT imaging to assess pulmonary deposition. Blood samples will be collected on both study days and after study treatment to evaluate safety and measure systemic amphotericin B concentrations. Participants will also perform spirometry using a handheld device and complete a treatment satisfaction questionnaire on both study days.",[27],"Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis",[29,30,31,32,33],"ambisome","liposomal amphotericin B","nebulization","chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","deposition","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-04-09",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-04-15","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":21},"2026-05-01",{"date":42,"type":21},"2027-06-01",{"name":44,"class":45},"Radboud University Medical Center","OTHER",1,{"id":48,"slug":49,"hasResults":11,"nctId":50,"briefTitle":51,"officialTitle":52,"acronym":53,"eligibilityCriteria":54,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":55,"maxAge":56,"enrollmentInfo":57,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":59,"briefSummary":61,"conditions":62,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":65,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":66,"startDateStruct":68,"completionDateStruct":70,"leadSponsor":72,"locationsCount":74},"100473442","oral-itraconazole-versus-combination-of-systemic-glucorticoids-and-oral-itraconazole-in-cpa-abpa-overlap-syndrome-100473442","NCT05444946","Oral Itraconazole Versus Combination of Systemic Glucorticoids and Oral Itraconazole in CPA-ABPA Overlap Syndrome","A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Oral Itraconazole Versus Combination of Systemic Glucorticoids and Oral Itraconazole in Chronic Pulmonary and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Overlap Syndrome","GLITZ","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nSubjects fulfil criteria for ABPA and CPA as below.\n\nThe criteria for CPA would include the presence of all the following: (i) one or more clinical symptoms (persistent cough, recurrent hemoptysis, weight loss, malaise, fever and dyspnea) for ≥3 months; (ii) slowly progressive or persistent findings (one or more cavities and surrounding fibrosis, infiltrates, consolidation, with or without fungal ball or progressive pleural thickening) on computed tomography (CT) of the thorax; (iii) immunological (A.fumigatus-specific IgG \\>27 mgA\u002FL or positive Aspergillus precipitins) or microbiological evidence of Aspergillus infection (growth of Aspergillus in respiratory secretions) and, (iv) exclusion of other pulmonary disorders with similar presentation.\n\nThe diagnosis of ABPA will be made based on the presence of all the following: (a) A.fumigatus specific IgE \\>0.35 kUA\u002FL; (b) total IgE ≥500 IU\u002FmL; (c) eosinophil count ≥500 cells\u002FµL); (d) A.fumigatus IgG\\>27 mgA\u002FL.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n(i) failure to provide informed consent; (ii) patients on immunosuppressive drugs, intake of prednisolone (or equivalent) \\>10 mg for at least 3 weeks or a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus syndrome; (iii) intake of antifungal triazoles for \\>3 weeks in the preceding three months; (iv) subjects with active pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT); (v) subjects with others forms of pulmonary aspergillosis (subacute and acute invasive aspergillosis); and, (vi) pregnancy.","15 Years","90 Years",{"count":58,"type":21},104,[60],"NA","While ABPA and CPA represent two distinct manifestations of Aspergillus-related lung disease, there is an overlap of investigations that are currently used for the diagnosis of these entities. In a previous study, the authors have demonstrated that 22% of subjects with CPA fulfilled the obligatory criteria for ABPA. While the preferable therapy in patients with ABPA is systemic glucocorticoids, the primary therapy in CPA is oral triazoles. However, a different management protocol in the \"overlap group\" with low doses of glucocorticoids and triazoles, needs to be systematically explored. In this study the investigators intend to compare the clinical outcomes in subjects with ABPA-CPA overlap treated either with oral azoles or a combination of systemic glucocorticoids and oral azoles.",[27,63],"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","RECRUITING","2026-04-04",{"date":67,"type":38},"2026-04-07",{"date":69,"type":38},"2022-06-15",{"date":71,"type":21},"2027-02-01",{"name":73,"class":45},"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh",2,{"id":76,"slug":77,"hasResults":11,"nctId":78,"briefTitle":79,"officialTitle":79,"acronym":80,"eligibilityCriteria":81,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":82,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":84,"briefSummary":86,"conditions":87,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":89,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":90,"startDateStruct":92,"completionDateStruct":94,"leadSponsor":95,"locationsCount":46},"100534911","phase-2-imaging-pulmonary-aspergillosis-using-gallium-68-deferoxamine-100534911","NCT06244979","iMagIng pulmonaRy Aspergillosis Using Gallium-68-dEferoxamine","MIRAGE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. The patient is at least 18 years old on the day of inclusion.\n2. The patient has suspected chronic pulmonary aspergillosis or ABPA.\n3. There is no significant interference with standard care and follow-up.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. The patient is pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant.\n2. The patient has severe kidney dysfunction with eGFR \\\u003C 30 ml\u002Fmin\u002Fkg and\u002For receives dialysis.\n3. The patient has (chronic) iron overload.\n4. The patient has been receiving antifungal treatment for more than 48 hours prior to the study day.\n5. The patient is not able to lie still in the scanner.",{"count":83,"type":21},10,[85],"PHASE2","This is a single center open-label feasibility trial involving a single study visit for participants. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of \\[68Ga\\]Ga-DFO-B PET\u002FCT (gallium-68-deferoxamine) for the visualization of pulmonary Aspergillus infection.\n\nThe incidence of fungal infections is on the rise and are associated with significant mortality. Diagnosis pulmonary aspergillosis can be can be challenging, often requiring invasive tests such as bronchoscopy and lung tissue biopsies. Molecular imaging, specifically using radiolabeled siderophores like \\[68Ga\\]Ga-DFO-B, offers a non-invasive and location-specific approach to visualize and evaluate infections. Siderophores, critical for pathogenic microbes like Aspergillus fumigatus, play a role in iron acquisition. Preclinical studies with radiolabeled deferoxamine (DFO-B) demonstrated distinct accumulation at infection sites. Additionally, \\[68Ga\\]Ga-DFO-B PET\u002FCT may differentiate between Aspergillus infection and cancer, making it a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for pulmonary aspergillosis.",[88,27,63],"Pulmonary Aspergillosis","2025-05-19",{"date":91,"type":38},"2025-05-22",{"date":93,"type":38},"2025-05-01",{"date":40,"type":21},{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":97,"slug":98,"hasResults":11,"nctId":99,"briefTitle":100,"officialTitle":100,"acronym":101,"eligibilityCriteria":102,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":103,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":105,"phases":4,"briefSummary":106,"conditions":107,"keywords":108,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":110,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":111,"startDateStruct":113,"completionDateStruct":115,"leadSponsor":117,"locationsCount":119},"100584174","impact-of-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis-cpa-on-health-status-and-well-being-100584174","NCT06885905","Impact of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) on Health Status and Well-being","CAPSULE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. All patients \\>\u002F= 18 years old and able to provide informed consent\n2. Patients with a diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis\n3. To speak and understand English\n4. Able to provide informed consent",{"count":104,"type":21},100,"OBSERVATIONAL","To develop and validate a novel disease-specific questionnaire for measuring HRQoL in patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA-HAQ) for use in clinical research, including clinical trials.",[27],[109],"CPA","2025-03-13",{"date":112,"type":38},"2025-03-20",{"date":114,"type":38},"2024-11-27",{"date":116,"type":21},"2026-04-23",{"name":118,"class":45},"Imperial College London",3,{"id":121,"slug":122,"hasResults":11,"nctId":123,"briefTitle":124,"officialTitle":124,"acronym":125,"eligibilityCriteria":126,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":127,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":129,"briefSummary":130,"conditions":131,"keywords":133,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":136,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":137,"startDateStruct":139,"completionDateStruct":141,"leadSponsor":143,"locationsCount":46},"100489444","phase-2-interferon-gamma-as-adjunctive-therapy-in-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis-a-randomised-feasibility-study-100489444","NCT05653193","Interferon-gamma as Adjunctive Therapy in Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: a Randomised Feasibility Study","INCAS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of CPA\n* Started antifungal treatment for CPA within the last 8 weeks and received no antifungals for CPA in the 8 weeks prior\n* Chest CT scan available within the 6 months prior to enrolment\n* Individuals of child bearing potential agree to have pregnancy test an use highly effective contraception\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Moderate to severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh Class B or C)\n* Renal failure (eGFR \\\u003C30 mL\u002Fmin)\n* Clinically diagnosed active depression\n* Active tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease\n* Acute infection or other event within the preceding 4 weeks which, as assessed by the investigators, might interfere with the assessment of response to treatment\n* Use of any interferon formulation within the preceding six months\n* Active viral hepatitis infection\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding\n* Immunosuppression (\\>15mg prednisolone\u002Fday for at least four weeks or equivalent) within the preceding six months\n* Inability to self-administer subcutaneous medications AND lack of a carer who can administer\n* Participants lacking capacity to consent",{"count":128,"type":21},50,[85],"This study explores the role of treatment with interferon-gamma to improve outcomes in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). CPA is a progressive infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus affecting patients with chronic lung disease like Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) or previously treated tuberculosis (TB). It causes gradual destruction of lung tissue by slowly enlarging cavities, frequent secondary infections and poor quality of life. Because of its indolent nature and nonspecific x-ray findings, it often remains unrecognised for years. Around 3600 people live with CPA in the United Kingdom. Mortality from CPA may be up to 40% in five years.\n\nTreatment for CPA relies on antifungals for prolonged periods, but only around 60% of patients improve. It is often long-term or lifelong as the response is slow and some patients experience relapses. In addition, only one class of oral antifungal drugs is licensed for CPA, and they are associated with side effects and high cost. Better treatments are needed for CPA. We do not know why many patients do not respond to treatment. Maybe CPA patients have a weakened immune system and are more susceptible to Aspergillus. Our data suggest that CPA patients produce lower amounts of ΙFNγ, a substance that facilitates the immune system's response against Aspergillus. We have also shown that, when given to patients with CPA who have failed to improve on antifungal treatment, interferon-gamma leads to improvement in important patient-centred outcomes like flares of lung disease or hospital admissions. Interferon-gamma is already in use in the National Health Service of the United Kingdom for other indications. Therefore, its use in CPA should be explored. However, CPA is a rare condition and the tolerability of interferon-gamma is not fully established in these patients. To understand whether a large-scale study is feasible in CPA, we first need preliminary data in smaller numbers of patients.\n\nWe are conducting a randomised trial of interferon-gamma in addition to antifungals in CPA. Patients with CPA starting antifungal treatment are eligible. Participants (25 per group) are randomly assigned to interferon-gamma for 12 weeks (in addition to antifungals) or antifungals only. To test whether the treatment works, we will use measurements of the cavities on chest CT scan and scores on a quality-of-life questionnaire. We will assess for tolerability of treatment at intervals similar to clinical practice. Criteria for progression to the large-scale study will be set based on the proportion of patients willing to participate, and on the proportion who complete the treatment. Data collected on those parameters will allow us to determine the number needed for a definite study.\n\nIf the large-scale study confirms our observations that interferon-gamma improves outcomes in CPA, then treatment duration can be shortened and relapses avoided. In addition, interferon-gamma can then be explored in other chronic lung disease.",[27,132],"Aspergillosis",[134,135],"immunotherapy","interferon gamma","2025-02-27",{"date":138,"type":38},"2025-03-03",{"date":140,"type":38},"2024-05-17",{"date":142,"type":21},"2026-12",{"name":144,"class":145},"Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust","OTHER_GOV",{"id":147,"slug":148,"hasResults":11,"nctId":149,"briefTitle":150,"officialTitle":151,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":152,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":153,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":155,"briefSummary":157,"conditions":158,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":159,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":160,"startDateStruct":162,"completionDateStruct":164,"leadSponsor":166,"locationsCount":46},"100336104","phase-3-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis-and-ambisome-aerosol-with-itraconazole-100336104","NCT03656081","Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Ambisome Aerosol with Itraconazole","Therapeutic Efficacy Comparison of a Six-month Treatment by Itraconazole and Nebulised Ambisome® Versus Treatment by Itraconazole Alone in Non- or Mildly- Immunocompromised Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: a Prospective, Randomized, Single Blind Study, (single Aspergilloma Excluded)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAll adult patients affected with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) \"de novo\" or in relapse (without any history of resistance to itraconazole) combining the following criteria are eligible:\n\n1. Patient with an Aspergillus bronchopulmonary infection, be it cavitary, fibrotic, necrotizing (SIA\u002FSemi Invasive Aspergillosis) or nodular and documented by compatible thoracic CT-scan images ;\n2. Associated with one of the following criteria:\n\n   * positive detection of anti-Aspergillus IgG and\u002For precipitating anti-aspergillus antibodies, according to the positivity threshold of the laboratory performing the technique,\n   * positive direct examination of Aspergillus or positive culture, from bronchopulmonary samples (expectoration or endoscopic aspiration),\n   * revealing aspergillar hyphae\u002Ffilaments on histological samples\n3. Men or women age ≥ 18 years;\n4. For the women of childbearing age: women having a negative serum pregnancy test, having a contraception highly effective and accepting to pursue it during at least the first 12 months of the study;\n5. Patient legally free and not subject to any custody, guardianship, tutelage or subordination measures;\n6. Participants must be affiliated to France's Health Care Regime (\" Sécurité Sociale \");\n7. Free and informed consent signed by each participating patient.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. \\- Patient affected with single aspergilloma\n2. \\- Patient presenting a contraindication to itraconazole (including all contraindicated co-administrated medications as listed in the itraconazole SmPc, including notably medications with potential to prolong theQT interval)\n3. \\- Patient presenting a contraindication to voriconazole and posaconazole (including all contraindicated coadministrated medications as listed in the SmPc)\n4. \\- Intolerance to beta2-agonists\n5. \\- Notion of relapse with isolation of an Aspergillus resistant to itraconazole\n6. \\- History of hypersensitivity reaction to liposomal amphotericin B or to itraconazole or to any other constituent\n7. \\- Patient having presented complications related to a previous treatment by nebulised LAmB\n8. \\- Patient received an oral (excepted oral Amphotericin B), parenteral or intra-cavity antifungal treatment within the last 2 months\n9. \\- Severe renal failure (clearance \\\u003C30 ml \u002F min).\n10. \\- Hepatic failure with transaminase and alkaline phosphatase values \\> 5 times normal\n11. \\- Significant abnormality of the blood cell and platelet counts (at the discretion of the investigator)\n12. \\- Concomitant use of one or several of treatments contra-indicated with the experimental or non-experimental treatment\n13. \\- Ventricular dysfunction such as congestive cardiac failure or history of congestive cardiac failure or patients with risk(s) factors of cardiac arrhythmia or symptomatic arrhythmia with a prolongation of the corrected QT interval \\> 450 msec in men and 470 msec in women or treated by medication known to prolong QT interval, or prolongation of the corrected QT interval \\> 450 msec in men and 470 msec in women.\n14. \\- Invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis\n15. \\- Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis with indication for surgical intervention within 6 months from the start\n16. \\- Patients with Cystic Fibrosis\n17. \\- Immunocompromised patients\n18. \\- Threatening hemoptysis, with impossibility to defer surgical procedures (but patients contraindicated to surgery may be included after resolution of the hemoptysis)\n19. \\- Tuberculosis or progressive non-tuberculous mycobacteria\n20. \\- Respiratory infection aggravating the underlying CPA (patient may be included after eradication of infection)\n21. \\- Patient refusing to participate\n22. \\- Protected majors in the meaning of the law, non affiliated persons or with no social security scheme, persons deprived of liberty by a judicial or administrative decision, persons staying in a health or social institution, adults under legal protection, and finally patients in emergencies.\n23. \\- Patient in exclusion period following participation in another interventional study evaluating antifungals or medicines\n24. \\- Women at age to procreate and not using highly effective contraception, pregnant or breastfeeding women",{"count":154,"type":21},224,[156],"PHASE3","This study compares the therapeutic (clinical and radiological) efficacy of a six-month treatment by itraconazole and nebulised Ambisome® (liposomal amphotericin B = LAmB) versus treatment by itraconazole alone, in non - or mildly - immunocompromised patients affected by Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (single aspergilloma excluded).\n\n• Control arm: Itraconazole 200 mg x 2\u002Fday associated with inactive nebulised treatment twice a week during 24 weeks.\n\n• Experimental arm: Itraconazole 200 mg x 2\u002Fday associated with nebulised LAmB, at 25 mg twice a week during 24 weeks.\n\nFollow up duration for the patients will be 24 months (12 months minimum) after discontinuation of the treatment being studied.",[27],"2025-02-18",{"date":161,"type":38},"2025-02-20",{"date":163,"type":38},"2018-12-19",{"date":165,"type":21},"2029-12",{"name":167,"class":45},"Poitiers University Hospital",{"id":169,"slug":170,"hasResults":11,"nctId":171,"briefTitle":172,"officialTitle":173,"acronym":174,"eligibilityCriteria":175,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":176,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":178,"briefSummary":179,"conditions":180,"keywords":182,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":187,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":188,"startDateStruct":190,"completionDateStruct":192,"leadSponsor":194,"locationsCount":46},"100550463","phase-3-a-trial-to-compare-nebulized-amphotericin-b-and-nebulized-normal-saline-as-maintenance-in-patients-with-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis-100550463","NCT06447402","A Trial to Compare Nebulized Amphotericin B and Nebulized Normal Saline as Maintenance in Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis","A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Nebulized Amphotericin B and Nebulized Normal Saline as Maintenance in Increasing Time to Relapse in Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Treated With 12 Months of Oral Itraconazole","NAB-CPA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* consecutive subjects with CPA who have received 12 months therapy with oral itraconazole\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n(i) failure to provide informed consent; (ii) patients on immunosuppressive drugs, intake of \\>10 mg prednisolone (or equivalent) for at least 3 weeks in last 3 months, or a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus syndrome, ; (iii) subjects with active pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT); (iv) subjects with others forms of pulmonary aspergillosis (subacute and acute invasive aspergillosis); (v) pregnancy.",{"count":177,"type":21},196,[156],"The treatment of CPA is with oral itraconazole for 6-12 months. Oral itraconazole results in better clinical outcomes in CPA compared to supportive care. A recent study comparing 6 months with 12 months of oral itraconazole for longer duration treatment found longer duration reduced CPA relapse and improved clinical outcomes. However, longer duration of itraconazole could cause emergence of drug resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and therapy related adverse event. A recent study found nebulized amphotericin B non-inferior to oral itraconazole for treating CPA as primary therapy. However, the study was small and included patients with simple aspergilloma and used nebulized amphotericin B for 7 days.To be effective, an inhaled drug should be delivered in sufficient quantity to achieve therapeutic levels.The minimum inhibitory concentration of amphotericin B for A.fumigatus is 0.5 mg\u002FL. In one study, nebulization of 30 mg of amphotericin B deoxycholate achieved a mean concentration of 0.68 mg\u002FL in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Notably, the serum levels of amphotericin B after nebulization are 20 times less than after systemic administration and is safer. Further, there is a dose-response relation with nebulized amphotericin B, the higher the dose used for nebulization, the higher are the levels achieved in the lung tissue. Nebulized amphotericin B has been used in lung transplant recipients to prevent invasive aspergillosis. Also, two recent studies have demonstrated that use of nebulized amphotericin B as maintenance therapy led to a reduction in ABPA relapse rates and prolonged time to exacerbation. We believe that inhaled amphotericin B as a maintenance therapy could reduce CPA relapse and prolong time to relapse. In this study, we plan to evaluate nebulized amphotericin B as a maintenance therapy in clinically stable CPA patients treated with 12 months of oral antifungal therapy",[27,109,181],"Aspergilloma",[183,184,109,185,186],"CCPA","CFPA","Post TB lung abnormality","PTLD","2024-06-06",{"date":189,"type":38},"2024-06-10",{"date":191,"type":38},"2024-06-03",{"date":193,"type":21},"2026-08-31",{"name":73,"class":45}]