[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"cytokine\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:cytokine":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,1,0,[8],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":30,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":39,"startDateStruct":42,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":5},"100631759","biomarkers-in-apical-periodontitis-100631759",false,"NCT07504861","Biomarkers in Apical Periodontitis","Effects of Different Irrigation Activation Techniques on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Proteolytic Enzyme Levels in Teeth With Chronic Apical Periodontitis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male patients aged 18-35 years.\n* Presence of chronic apical periodontitis in maxillary or mandibular incisors, canines, or single-rooted\u002Fsingle-channeled premolars.\n* History of root canal treatment performed at least 4 years ago.\n* Presence of a periapical lesion smaller than 1 cm.\n* Periapical Index (PAI) score of 3 or 4 according to Orstavik classification.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Need for antibiotic prophylaxis\n* Diabetes\n* Hematological disorders\n* Use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs within the last month.\n* Excessive plaque and tartar\n* Gum redness or bleeding\n* Severe gingivitis\n* Widespread periodontitis\n* Periodontal pocket depths exceeding 3 mm.\n* Presence of sinus fistula (bleeding).\n* Presence of internal or external root resorption.\n* Pain on palpation of teeth\n* Swelling\n* Pregnancy during treatment.",true,"MALE","18 Years","35 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},66,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","Aim: To evaluate the effects of three different irrigation activation techniques-conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), ultrasonic irrigation (UI), and SWEEPS (Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming)-on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)) and proteolytic enzymes matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis.\n\nMethodology: Sixty-six male patients (aged 18-35) with single-rooted teeth, previous root canal treatment (at least 4 years ago), and periapical lesions (\\\u003C1 cm, PAI score 3 or 4) were included. Sample size was determined by G\\*Power (Power=0.90, α=0.05). Following local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, endodontic access was performed under a dental operating microscope. After removing old filling material and completing root canal preparation with Reciproc R25\u002FR50 files, patients were randomly assigned into three groups (n=22 each): (1) CSI (30G needle), (2) UI (EMS miniPiezon), and (3) SWEEPS (Er:YAG laser, 2940 nm). Periapical exudate samples were collected using sterile paper points (2 mm beyond the apex for 60s) at the first visit (pre-treatment) and the second visit (one week post-medication with calcium hydroxide). Samples were analyzed via ELISA for TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 levels.\n\nStatistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20. Percent changes in biomarker levels were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test for inter-group comparisons and the Wilcoxon test for intra-group (pre- vs. post-treatment) comparisons. Linear regression was used to identify effective factors (group, age, gender, tooth type). Significance was set at (p \\\u003C 0.05).\n\nKeywords: Apical periodontitis, SWEEPS, Ultrasonic activation, Cytokines, MMP-9, Endodontics.",[26,27,28,29],"Apical Periodontitis","Retreatment","Biomarkers","Cytokine",[31,32,33,34,35,36],"Apical periodontitis","SWEEPS","Ultrasonic activation","Cytokines","MMP-9","Endodontics","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-03-26",{"date":40,"type":41},"2026-04-01","ACTUAL",{"date":43,"type":22},"2026-03-30",{"date":45,"type":22},"2026-09-28",{"name":47,"class":48},"Kırıkkale University","OTHER"]