[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"dexmedetomidine\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:dexmedetomidine":28},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,60,0,25,[9,50,77,108,131,164,189,220,239,269,302,328,353,372,398,420,444,468,494,515,538,563,588,615,654],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":35,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":39,"startDateStruct":42,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100622004","phase-4-safety-and-efficacy-of-esketamine---dexmedetomidine-combination-versus-dexmedetomidine-monotherapy-for-hyperactive-delirium-in-icu-patients-on-non-invasive-respiratory-support-seed-nirs-trial-study-protocol-of-a-randomized-controlled-trial-100622004",false,"NCT07377981","Safety and Efficacy of Esketamine - Dexmedetomidine Combination Versus Dexmedetomidine Monotherapy for Hyperactive Delirium in ICU Patients on Non-Invasive Respiratory Support (SEED-NIRS Trial): Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial","SEED-NIRS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age ≥18 years and ≤80 years at the time of randomization;\n2. Hospitalized in the ICU (with an expected ICU stay \\>24 hours);\n3. Patients with hyperactive delirium: meeting criteria for Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU)\\[19\\] positivity (i.e., acute onset or fluctuating course plus inattention, and at least one secondary criterion-disorganized thinking or altered level of consciousness) and having agitation which is diagnosed if the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score\\[20\\] is superior or equal to +1. (The RASS and CAM-ICU are used to assess sedation and delirium levels. Hyperactive delirium is defined as CAM-ICU positive with RASS \\> +1);\n4. Receiving non-invasive respiratory support (eg. high-flow nasal cannula, CPAP, or non-invasive ventilation) at least for \\>24 hours.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Known or suspected allergy or Contraindications to any of the study drugs;\n2. Severe arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular fibrillation, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, ventricular tachycardia, QTc interval ≥470 ms, severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C40 beats per minute), etc.), or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \\\u003C30%;\n3. Recent administration of esketamine, dexmedetomidine or haloperidol within previous 72 hours.\n4. Pregnancy or lactation;\n5. Conditions that may affect efficacy assessment or cognitive function testing, such as blindness, deafness, aphasic, or coma patients;\n6. History of epilepsy or seizures;\n7. Patients with an estimated survival period of less than 48 hours as judged by the investigator;\n8. Neuropsychiatric conditions per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) that may introduce bias (e.g., active substance use disorder, psychosis, etc.), including alcoholism, drug abuse, or use of psychotropic medications;\n9. Patients receiving non-invasive respiratory support via a tracheostomy;\n10. Patients with untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism;\n11. Severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh grade C);\n12. Severe renal dysfunction, defined as: chronic renal insufficiency with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤ 29 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m²; or subjects on long-term maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis;\n13. A history of sleep disorders requiring medical intervention within the past month;\n14. Patients or their legally authorized representatives (family members) who are unable to cooperate or unwilling to provide written informed consent;\n15. Other conditions deemed unsuitable for inclusion by the investigators.","ALL","18 Years","80 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},388,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"PHASE4","This investigator-initiated, randomized, controlled, single-blind, superiority trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine for the management of agitation or delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving non-invasive respiratory support. The primary endpoint is a clinically prioritized hierarchical composite endpoint within 28 days, including intubation or tracheostomy, delirium duration, and agitation duration.",[28,29,30,31,32,33,34],"Dexmedetomidine","Ketamine","Analgesia","Respiratory Therapy","Intensive Care Units (ICUs)","Agitation","Sedation and Analgesia",[36,30,33,28,29,32,31],"Sedation and analgesia","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-30",{"date":40,"type":41},"2026-07-02","ACTUAL",{"date":43,"type":22},"2026-08-01",{"date":45,"type":22},"2029-01-01",{"name":47,"class":48},"The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","OTHER",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":12,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":56,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":57,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":58,"briefSummary":60,"conditions":61,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":69,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":70,"startDateStruct":71,"completionDateStruct":73,"leadSponsor":75,"locationsCount":49},"100644957","hemodynamic-effect-of-dexmedetomidine-versus-magnesium-sulphate-as-an-adjuvant-to-lidocaine-in-preemptive-peribulbar-block-in-patients-undergoing-dacryocystorhinostomy-under-general-anesthesia-100644957","NCT07675616","Hemodynamic Effect of Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Lidocaine in Preemptive Peribulbar Block in Patients Undergoing Dacryocystorhinostomy Under General Anesthesia","Hemodynamic Effect of Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Lidocaine in Preemptive Peribulbar Block in Patients Undergoing Dacryocystorhinostomy Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 18 years.\n* Both sexes.\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II.\n* Undergoing elective Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery under general anesthesia.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients have local infection.\n* Allergic reaction or complications of the local anaesthesia (LA).\n* Coagulopathy defined as international normalized ratio (INR) \\> 1.5, platelet count \\\u003C 100,000\u002Fmm³, or ongoing anticoagulant therapy not adequately discontinued.\n* Uncontrolled systemic disease, defined as poorly controlled hypertension \\[systolic blood pressure (SBP) \\> 160 mmHg\\], uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c \\> 8.5%), unstable ischemic heart disease, or decompensated hepatic or renal disease.\n* Uncooperative patients.",{"count":5,"type":22},[59],"NA","This study aims to compare the hemodynamic effect of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to lidocaine in preemptive peribulbar block in patients undergoing Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) under general anaesthesia (GA) .",[62,28,63,64,65,66,67],"Hemodynamic Effect","Magnesium Sulphate","Lidocaine","Peribulbar Block","Dacryocystorhinostomy","General Anesthesia","RECRUITING","2026-06-27",{"date":38,"type":41},{"date":72,"type":41},"2026-05-16",{"date":74,"type":22},"2026-12-01",{"name":76,"class":48},"Cairo University",{"id":78,"slug":79,"hasResults":12,"nctId":80,"briefTitle":81,"officialTitle":82,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":83,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":84,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":85,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":87,"briefSummary":88,"conditions":89,"keywords":95,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":102,"completionDateStruct":104,"leadSponsor":106,"locationsCount":49},"100642691","phase-4-intranasal-esketamine-dexmedetomidine-combination-and-postpartum-depression-100642691","NCT07639099","Intranasal Esketamine-dexmedetomidine Combination and Postpartum Depression","Impact of Intranasal Esketamine-dexmedetomidine Combination on Postpartum Depression in Parturients With Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: a Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged ≥18 years who are preparing for childbirth;\n* Positive prenatal depression screening, defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥5.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of schizophrenia or existence of communication barriers;\n* Severe obstetric complications, including severe preeclampsia, placenta accreta, HELLP syndrome, placenta previa, placental abruption, or ASA physical status classification \\>III;\n* Contraindications to ketamine\u002Fesketamine, including refractory hypertension, severe cardiovascular disease (NYHA class ≥III), or hyperthyroidism;\n* Contraindications to dexmedetomidine, including severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block;\n* Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal cavity diseases (e.g., rhinitis, nasal polyps, or nasal congestion of any cause);\n* Refusal to participate in this study or concurrent participation in another clinical trial.","FEMALE",{"count":86,"type":22},164,[25],"Esketamine has rapid-onset antidepressant effects and may reduce postpartum depression in parturients with prenatal depressive symptoms. However, its adverse neuropsychiatric symptoms limits clinical application. Dexmedetomidine can alleviate these adverse symptoms and has independent antidepressant effect. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is designed to evaluate whether intranasal esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine can reduce the prevalence of postpartum depression in women with prenatal depressive symptoms.",[90,91,92,28,93,94],"Parturients","Depressive Symptoms","Esketamine","Intranasal Administration","Postpartum Depression",[90,96,92,28,97,98],"Prenatal depressive symptoms","Intranasal administration","Postpartum depression","2026-06-11",{"date":101,"type":41},"2026-06-15",{"date":103,"type":22},"2026-06",{"date":105,"type":22},"2029-12",{"name":107,"class":48},"Peking University First Hospital",{"id":109,"slug":110,"hasResults":12,"nctId":111,"briefTitle":112,"officialTitle":113,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":114,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":116,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":117,"briefSummary":118,"conditions":119,"keywords":123,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":124,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":125,"startDateStruct":127,"completionDateStruct":128,"leadSponsor":130,"locationsCount":49},"100638812","phase-4-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-on-sleep-and-cognition-in-older-adults-with-mild-to-moderate-cognitive-impairment-100638812","NCT07610343","Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine on Sleep and Cognition in Older Adults With Mild-to-moderate Cognitive Impairment","Impact of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine on Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild-to-moderate Cognitive Impairment: a Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged ≥ 60 years.\n2. Meeting the clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease, with mild cognitive impairment (MoCA score 18-25) or moderate cognitive impairment (MoCA score 10-17) due to Alzheimer's disease.\n3. Comorbid with sleep disorders (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index \\[PSQI\\] score ≥ 7).\n4. Signed informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Cognitive impairment\u002Fdementia due to other causes (e.g., vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia).\n2. Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal cavity diseases (e.g., rhinitis, nasal polyps, or nasal congestion of any cause).\n3. Inability to communicate due to visual, auditory, language, or other reasons, or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 9 or MoCA score ≤ 9.\n4. History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease, or confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, or myasthenia gravis.\n5. Confirmed diagnosis of restless legs syndrome or sleep apnea, or judged to be at high risk of moderate-to-severe sleep apnea according to STOP-Bang score, or Body Mass Index (BMI) \\> 30 kg\u002Fm2.\n6. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 12 months prior to enrollment, confirmed intracranial aneurysm, or elevated intracranial pressure from any cause.\n7. Uncontrolled hypertension (e.g., hypertensive crisis or systolic blood pressure \\> 160 mmHg and\u002For diastolic blood pressure \\> 100 mmHg prior to enrollment), myocardial infarction, unstable angina, revascularization surgery within 12 months prior to enrollment, or NYHA class III.\n8. Sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C 50 beats\u002Fmin), atrioventricular block above degree II without a pacemaker, corrected QT interval (Fridericia-corrected QTcF) ≥ 450 ms, or other severe arrhythmias (e.g., frequent premature ventricular contractions).\n9. Uncontrolled diabetes (e.g., HbA1c \\> 9%, diabetic ketosis, hyperglycemic coma, or hypoglycemia).\n10. Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh Class C), renal dysfunction (eGFR ≤ 30 ml\u002Fmin\u002F1.73m2), respiratory insufficiency (SpO2 \\\u003C 93% on room air), or other severe diseases (e.g., frailty with inability to walk independently, advanced-stage tumors).\n11. Alcohol or drug dependence (manifested as strong cravings, uncontrolled use, and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation), or use of contraindicated medications.\n12. Major surgery under general anesthesia within 12 weeks prior to enrollment, or planned surgery within 12 weeks.\n13. Allergy to dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine.\n14. Participation in other interventional clinical studies.\n15. Any other conditions deemed unsuitable for study inclusion by the investigator.","60 Years",{"count":5,"type":22},[25],"Patients with cognitive decline are frequently comorbid with sleep disorders which may in turn aggravate cognitive decline. Sedative dose dexmedetomidine improved sleep quality but incresed bradycardia and hypotension; low dose dexmedetomidine produce less side effects, but the sleep promoting effects are relatively weak. Low dose esketamine also has sleep-promoting effects but may produce neuropsychiatric side effects. Both dexmedetomidine and esketamine are approved for intranasal administration. We suppose that intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination may improve sleep quality and therefore cognitive function in older ptients with Alzheimer's disease cognitive impairment and sleep disorders.",[120,121,122,28,92],"Older Adults","Cognitive Impairment","Sleep Disorders",[120,121,122,28,92],"2026-05-28",{"date":126,"type":41},"2026-06-01",{"date":103,"type":22},{"date":129,"type":22},"2027-12",{"name":107,"class":48},{"id":132,"slug":133,"hasResults":12,"nctId":134,"briefTitle":135,"officialTitle":136,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":137,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":138,"maxAge":139,"enrollmentInfo":140,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":142,"briefSummary":143,"conditions":144,"keywords":150,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":156,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":157,"startDateStruct":159,"completionDateStruct":160,"leadSponsor":162,"locationsCount":49},"100621323","phase-4-propofol-only-versus-dexmedetomidine-propofol-in-children-undergoing-magnetic-resonance-imaging-100621323","NCT07369128","Propofol-Only Versus Dexmedetomidine-Propofol in Children Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging","A Randomized, Dose-Ranging Trial of Propofol-Only and Dexmedetomidine-Propofol in Children Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients presenting as outpatients, scheduled to receive an anesthetic for MRI of brain, body (spine, chest, abdomen, and\u002For pelvis) and\u002For extremity (arm and\u002For leg).\n* Patients must be a candidate for the sedation technique described in this study with a natural airway. This decision will be made by a staff member of the Department of Anesthesiology.\n* Between 1 and 12 years of age.\n* ASA status I, II, or III\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inpatient at BCH\n* Diagnosis of a difficult airway, severe obstructive sleep apnea that is not compatible with spontaneous ventilation in a supine position, or requires an oral airway.\n* Congenital heart disease or history of dysrhythmia.\n* Taking digoxin or beta-blocker\n* Anxiolytic medication is ordered before the MRI (e.g., midazolam or ketamine).\n* History or a family (parent or sibling) history of malignant hyperthermia.\n* Allergy to or has a contraindication to propofol, lidocaine, or dexmedetomidine.\n* Tracheostomy or other mechanical airway device present\n* Received within the past 12 hours an oral or intravenous alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic agonist, or antagonist drugs (e.g., clonidine, propranolol, albuterol).\n* Patient is not scheduled to receive anesthesia-sedation care or is noted to \"try-without anesthesia\" for the MRI\n* Patient has significant developmental or psychological delays\n* Patient scheduled for scan of duration \\\u003C30 minutes or \\>90 minutes","1 Year","12 Years",{"count":141,"type":22},105,[25],"The most common imaging procedure requiring sedation\u002Fanesthesia for the pediatric population is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the optimal anesthetic\u002Fsedation plan has not been determined for these procedures. Historically, common medications have included the use of pentobarbital and propofol, but in 2015, publication in the New England Journal of Medicine highlighted the accumulating evidence for the possible neurotoxic effects of these types of anesthetics in animal models and a collection of epidemiologic studies in humans. Although these initial possibilities have since been proven as less of a concern, in the interim, data has shown that alternative sedative agents, such as dexmedetomidine, may not have the same neurotoxic effect and could possibly even provide neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine also possesses other beneficial traits such as reducing risks of pulmonary atelectasis or upper airway collapse, typically found with the administration of propofol.\n\nA concern raised by previous studies has been the possibility that the addition of dexmedetomidine could increase recovery times, leading to disruptions in workflow. Although it has been shown that large doses of dexmedetomidine exposure may lead to longer PACU stays, it is uncertain whether a small dose of dexmedetomidine would have such a significant impact. Based on the investigators' pilot trial6, the investigators found that a bolus of 1 mcg\u002Fkg dose of dexmedetomidine with a bolus of titrated propofol of 2-3 mg\u002Fkg and an infusion of propofol of 100 mcg\u002Fkg\u002Fmin provided adequate sedation for successful scans, reduced propofol (infusion) exposure by 60%, and did not significantly increase recovery times.\n\nFinally, there is a paucity in literature for studies examining a range of doses subsequently; often, a control group is compared to a single, self-selected dose of choice. Here, the investigators hope to provide a range of doses to minimize selection bias in our study design and determine the dose that would provide the optimal sedation for these scans and minimize excess anesthetic exposure.",[145,146,147,148,149,28],"MRI Sedation","Pediatric Sedation","Propofol Dosage","Emergence Delirium, Anesthesia","Recovery Time",[151,152,153,154,155],"pediatrics","sedation","dexmedetomidine","propofol","MRI","2026-05-27",{"date":158,"type":41},"2026-05-29",{"date":103,"type":22},{"date":161,"type":22},"2028-03",{"name":163,"class":48},"Boston Children's Hospital",{"id":165,"slug":166,"hasResults":12,"nctId":167,"briefTitle":168,"officialTitle":169,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":170,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":171,"enrollmentInfo":172,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":174,"briefSummary":175,"conditions":176,"keywords":179,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":182,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":183,"startDateStruct":184,"completionDateStruct":185,"leadSponsor":187,"locationsCount":49},"100640579","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-vs-lignocaine-for-reducing-intubation-induced-hemodynamic-responses-in-cardiac-surgery-a-randomized-controlled-trial-100640579","NCT07611890","Dexmedetomidine vs Lignocaine for Reducing Intubation-Induced Hemodynamic Responses in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Comparison of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine in Reducing Hemodynamic Responses During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery at Rawalpindi Institute Of Cardiology- A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III-IV. Patients who are at risk of cardiovascular events\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients with known hypersensitivity to dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine.\n2. Patients on medications that could interfere with the study (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers).\n3. Pregnant or lactating women.\n4. Patients with a history of airway anomalies or difficult intubation.","65 Years",{"count":173,"type":22},70,[25],"After confirming eligibility, written informed consent will be obtained by a trained team member who is not involved in assigning treatment or giving the study medication. Each participant will receive a unique study number to protect privacy. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of the study medications using a chance-based method.The study medication will be administered through a vein before placement of the breathing tube. Blood pressure and pulse rate will be measured before the procedure and at several time points after the breathing tube is inserted.",[177,28,178],"Laryngoscopic Stress Response","Lignocaine",[180,28,178,181],"Laryngoscopic stress response","Cardiac surgery","2026-05-21",{"date":124,"type":41},{"date":182,"type":41},{"date":186,"type":22},"2026-08-21",{"name":188,"class":48},"Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology",{"id":190,"slug":191,"hasResults":12,"nctId":192,"briefTitle":193,"officialTitle":194,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":195,"healthyVolunteers":196,"sex":17,"minAge":171,"maxAge":197,"enrollmentInfo":198,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":200,"briefSummary":201,"conditions":202,"keywords":208,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":212,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":213,"startDateStruct":215,"completionDateStruct":216,"leadSponsor":218,"locationsCount":219},"100638808","phase-4-long-term-follow-up-of-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-and-tdcs-for-neurocognitive-complications-after-surgery-100638808","NCT07576543","Long-term Follow-up of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine and tDCS for Neurocognitive Complications After Surgery","Long-term Follow-up of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 65 to 90 years;\n* Preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \\\u003C 27 points, indicating possible cognitive impairment ranging from mild to moderate;\n* Scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration \\> 1 hour;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, endstage disease, or language impairment;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma\u002Fsurgery, or myasthenia gravis;\n* Presence of metal implants in the intracranial or cervical region (such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, deep brain stimulation electrodes), or skin damage or severe skin disease on the head;\n* Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C 30%), comorbid with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C 50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker;\n* Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or ASA classification ≥ IV;\n* Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine;\n* Participation in other clinical studies within the past 3 months;\n* Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.",true,"90 Years",{"count":199,"type":22},1160,[25],"Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse long-term outcomes. An ongoing 2×2 factorial trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. This long-term follow-up of the ongoing trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.",[203,204,28,92,205,206,207],"Older Patients","Surgery","Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","Cognitive Function","Survival",[209,204,28,92,210,211,207],"Older patients","Transcranial direct current stimulation","Cognitive function","2026-05-07",{"date":214,"type":41},"2026-05-12",{"date":103,"type":22},{"date":217,"type":22},"2031-06",{"name":107,"class":48},6,{"id":221,"slug":222,"hasResults":12,"nctId":223,"briefTitle":224,"officialTitle":225,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":226,"healthyVolunteers":196,"sex":17,"minAge":171,"maxAge":197,"enrollmentInfo":227,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":228,"briefSummary":229,"conditions":230,"keywords":232,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":212,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":234,"startDateStruct":235,"completionDateStruct":236,"leadSponsor":238,"locationsCount":219},"100637701","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-and-tdcs-for-prevention-of-neurocognitive-complications-after-surgery-100637701","NCT07576517","Dexmedetomidine-esketamine and tDCS for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications After Surgery","Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery: a 2×2 Factorial Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 65 to 90 years;\n* Preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \\\u003C 27 points, indicating possible cognitive impairment ranging from mild to moderate;\n* Scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration \\> 1 hour;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, end-stage disease, or language impairment;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma\u002Fsurgery, or myasthenia gravis;\n* Presence of metal implants in the intracranial or cervical region (such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, deep brain stimulation electrodes), or skin damage or severe skin disease on the head;\n* Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C 30%), comorbid with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C 50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker;\n* Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or ASA classification ≥ IV;\n* Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine;\n* Participation in other clinical studies within the past 3 months;\n* Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":199,"type":22},[25],"Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse outcomes. In previous studies, perioperative use of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination improved analgesia and sleep quality after surgery. Perioperative use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) also improved sleep quality and reduced delirium occurrence early after surgery. This 2×2 factorial trial is designed to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on early postoperative neurocognitive recovery and delirium occurrence in older patients.",[203,204,28,92,205,231],"Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders",[209,204,28,92,210,233],"Perioperative neurocognitive disorders",{"date":214,"type":41},{"date":103,"type":22},{"date":237,"type":22},"2030-06",{"name":107,"class":48},{"id":240,"slug":241,"hasResults":12,"nctId":242,"briefTitle":243,"officialTitle":243,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":244,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":84,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":245,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":247,"briefSummary":248,"conditions":249,"keywords":255,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":261,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":262,"startDateStruct":264,"completionDateStruct":265,"leadSponsor":267,"locationsCount":49},"100636577","phase-4-adding-dexmedetomidine-or-clonidine-to-spinal-anesthesia-for-cesarean-delivery-100636577","NCT07567495","Adding Dexmedetomidine or Clonidine to Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Significant cardiovascular, psychiatric or respiratory disease\n* using opioids or with chronic pain syndrome\n* Multiple gestation\n* BMI \\>40 kg\u002Fm2\n* Quaternary or greater cesarean\n* \\\u003C 37 weeks gestation\n* Non-English or Spanish speaking\n* planned vertical skin incision\n* planned vertical (classical) uterine incision\n* allergy to clonidine, dexmedetomidine or other study drug",{"count":246,"type":22},150,[25],"This study will examine whether addition of dexmedetomidine or clonidine (two alpha-2 adrenergic agonists) will improve the comfort of patients during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. When added to standard spinal anesthesia consisting of bupivacaine (a local anesthetic) and fentanyl and morphine (two opioids), these medications may decrease some of the pulling\u002Ftugging\u002Fpressure sensations that patients sometimes feel during cesarean delivery, may prolong the anesthetic time, and may decrease postoperative pain.",[250,251,252,28,253,254],"Cesarean Delivery","Cesarean Delivery; Neuraxial Opioids","Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section","Clonidine","Postoperative Analgesia",[256,153,257,258,259,260],"cesarean","clonidine","spinal","anesthesia","Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists","2026-04-30",{"date":263,"type":41},"2026-05-05",{"date":103,"type":22},{"date":266,"type":22},"2028-05",{"name":268,"class":48},"Columbia University",{"id":270,"slug":271,"hasResults":12,"nctId":272,"briefTitle":273,"officialTitle":274,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":275,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":276,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":278,"briefSummary":279,"conditions":280,"keywords":289,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":293,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":294,"startDateStruct":296,"completionDateStruct":298,"leadSponsor":300,"locationsCount":49},"100635703","dexmedetomidine-and-propofol-for-sedation-in-cataract-surgery-100635703","NCT07556133","Dexmedetomidine and Propofol for Sedation in Cataract Surgery.","Dexmedetomidine vs Propofol for Sedation in Cataract Surgery : a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults undergoing cataract surgery\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Severe hepatic insufficiency\n* Third degree AV block\n* Patient refusal",{"count":277,"type":22},1000,[59],"The goal of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded is to learn if there is an ideal sedation protocol in cataract surgery in adults.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Does the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol affect significantly Ramsay sedation scale, compared to Dexmedetomidine and compared to Propofol?\n* How does each sedation protocol affect hemodynamics? (Heart rate and blood pressure)\n* Are respiratory events more common in a certain group?\n* Is the surgeon's satisfaction similar among groups?\n* Are adverse effects (bradycardia, hypotension, nausea) more common in a certain group?\n\nResearchers will compare 3 sedation protocols : Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol versus the combination of these 2 drugs and to see if one protocol is overall superior to the others. Fentanyl will also be used in all 3 sedation protocols.\n\nParticipants will :\n\n* Receive one of these three protocols\n* Be operated for one or both eyes\n* Monitored during the whole surgery and in the recovery room\n* Be evaluated by the Ramsay sedation scale by a trained Anesthesiologist or CRNA during surgery and in the recovery room Surgeons will be asked about how much they were satisfied.",[281,282,283,284,28,147,285,286,287,288],"Sedation","Cataract","Hemodynamic","Hemodynamic Changes","Fentanyl","Bradycardia","Tachycardia","Nausea and Vomiting",[290,282,152,291,292],"Dexmedetomidine and propofol in cataract surgery","Dexmedetomidine in cataract surgery","Sedation for cataract surgery","2026-04-21",{"date":295,"type":41},"2026-04-29",{"date":297,"type":41},"2025-11-09",{"date":299,"type":22},"2026-12-09",{"name":301,"class":48},"Saint-Joseph University",{"id":303,"slug":304,"hasResults":12,"nctId":305,"briefTitle":306,"officialTitle":307,"acronym":308,"eligibilityCriteria":309,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":310,"enrollmentInfo":311,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":313,"briefSummary":314,"conditions":315,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":319,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":320,"startDateStruct":322,"completionDateStruct":324,"leadSponsor":326,"locationsCount":49},"100635176","phase-4-use-dexmedetomidine-to-protect-myocardial-injury-evaluation-100635176","NCT07549282","Use Dexmedetomidine To Protect Myocardial Injury Evaluation","Effects of Preoperative Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Myocardial Injury and Myocardial Infarction in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial","UDOPIE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18 years ≤ age ≤ 85 years;\n* Patients scheduled to undergo elective coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI);\n* Classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III (ranging from patients with mild systemic disease to those with more severe systemic disease that limits normal physical activity but who remain able to perform light daily tasks);\n* Informed consent obtained.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Allergy or contraindication to dexmedetomidine, such as severe bradycardia (resting heart rate \\\u003C50 beats\u002Fmin), sick sinus syndrome, second-degree or higher atrioventricular block without a pacemaker;\n* Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C35% or New York Heart Association functional class III-IV), cardiogenic shock, or hemodynamically unstable patients;\n* Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \\>180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \\>110 mmHg) or hypotension (systolic blood pressure \\\u003C90 mmHg);\n* Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome or Body Mass Index \\>30 kg\u002Fm²;\n* Use of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., clonidine) or antagonists, or tricyclic antidepressants, which may affect the action of the study drug, within 1 month before the procedure;\n* Language, visual, or hearing impairment that may affect cognitive assessment;\n* Hepatic or renal insufficiency (Alanine Aminotransferase\u002FAspartate Aminotransferase\u002FCreatinine \\>3 times the upper limit of normal);\n* Anatomical abnormalities of the nasal cavity affecting intranasal drug administration;\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding women.","85 Years",{"count":312,"type":22},1800,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine works to reduce perioperative myocardial injury and myocardial infarction in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It will also learn about the safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine lower the incidence of perioperative myocardial injury and myocardial infarction after PCI? Does intranasal dexmedetomidine cause safety concerns in patients undergoing PCI? Researchers will compare intranasal dexmedetomidine to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if intranasal dexmedetomidine works to protect the heart during PCI.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nReceive either intranasal dexmedetomidine (100 μg) or a placebo (normal saline) 15 minutes before the PCI procedure Undergo blood tests to measure cardiac troponin levels before and after the procedure Be followed for up to 30 days after the procedure to record any heart-related events or side effects",[316,317,318,28],"Coronary Heart Disease","Myocardial Injury","Myocardial Infarction","2026-04-17",{"date":321,"type":41},"2026-04-24",{"date":323,"type":22},"2026-04",{"date":325,"type":22},"2028-04",{"name":327,"class":48},"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University",{"id":329,"slug":330,"hasResults":12,"nctId":331,"briefTitle":332,"officialTitle":333,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":334,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":335,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":336,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":338,"briefSummary":339,"conditions":340,"keywords":343,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":347,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":348,"startDateStruct":350,"completionDateStruct":351,"leadSponsor":352,"locationsCount":49},"100633385","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-combination-and-chronic-postsurgical-pain-after-spinal-surgery-100633385","NCT07525999","Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Spinal Surgery","Effect of Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination on Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Spinal Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged \\>= 40 years and \\\u003C 80 years;\n2. Scheduled to undergo elective posterior cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected operative duration \\>= 2 hours;\n3. Requirement for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) postoperatively.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Severe uncontrolled hypertension preoperatively (baseline ward blood pressure: SBP \\> 180 mmHg or DBP \\> 110 mmHg);\n2. Severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C= 50 bpm), sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block of grade II or higher without pacemaker implantation, or a history of myocardial infarction within one year, severe heart failure (NYHA class \\>= III), or rapid ventricular arrhythmia;\n3. Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, or intracranial hypertension;\n4. Preoperative history of hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n5. Inability to communicate preoperatively due to coma, severe dementia, or language impairment;\n6. Severe cardiac insufficiency (preoperative LVEF \\\u003C 30% or NYHA class IV), severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (preoperative dialysis), or ASA physical status \\>= grade IV;\n7. Other conditions deemed inappropriate for study participation by the investigator or attending physician.","40 Years",{"count":337,"type":22},274,[25],"Spinal surgery is generally followed by severe postoperative pain, and poor pain control may cause adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular events, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). In previous studies, perioperative use of dexmedetomidine or esketamine is each associated with improved analgesia after surgery. Recent studies suggest that combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may produce synergetic effects in improving analgesia. This trial is designed to test the hypothesis that perioperative combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may reduce CPSP in patients after spinal surgery.",[341,342,28,92,254],"Spinal Surgery","Pain Intensity",[344,345,28,92,346],"Spinal surgery","Pain intensity","Postoperative analgesia","2026-04-13",{"date":349,"type":41},"2026-04-16",{"date":323,"type":22},{"date":129,"type":22},{"name":107,"class":48},{"id":354,"slug":355,"hasResults":12,"nctId":356,"briefTitle":357,"officialTitle":358,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":359,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":335,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":360,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":361,"briefSummary":362,"conditions":363,"keywords":364,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":365,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":366,"startDateStruct":368,"completionDateStruct":369,"leadSponsor":371,"locationsCount":49},"100633179","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-combination-and-moderate-to-severe-pain-after-spinal-surgery-100633179","NCT07523321","Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Moderate-to-severe Pain After Spinal Surgery","Effect of Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination on Incidence of Moderate-to-severe Pain After Spinal Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged \\>= 40 years but \\\u003C 80 years;\n2. Scheduled to undergo elective posterior cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine surgery with an expected duration \\>= 2 hours under general anesthesia;\n3. Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Uncontrolled preoperative hypertension (ward systolic blood pressure \\> 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \\> 110 mmHg);\n2. Severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C= 50 bpm), sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block of grade II or higher without pacemaker implantation, a history of myocardial infarction within one year, or presence of rapid ventricular arrhythmia;\n3. History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis, or prresence of intracranial hypertension;\n4. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n5. Inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, or language barrier;\n6. Severe cardiac insufficiency (preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C 30% or New York Heart Association Functional classification IV), severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (preoperative dialysis), or American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status \\>= IV;\n7. Other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":337,"type":22},[25],"Spinal surgery is generally followed by severe postoperative pain, and poor pain control may cause adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular events, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). In previous studies, perioperative use of dexmedetomidine or esketamine is each associated with improved analgesia after surgery. Recent studies suggest that combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may produce synergetic effects in improving analgesia. This trial is designed to test the hypothesis that perioperative combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may improve analgesia and reduce moderate-to-severe pain in patients after spinal surgery.",[341,342,28,92,254],[344,345,28,92,346],"2026-04-09",{"date":367,"type":41},"2026-04-14",{"date":323,"type":22},{"date":370,"type":22},"2027-05",{"name":107,"class":48},{"id":373,"slug":374,"hasResults":12,"nctId":375,"briefTitle":376,"officialTitle":377,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":378,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":379,"maxAge":380,"enrollmentInfo":381,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":383,"briefSummary":384,"conditions":385,"keywords":389,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":391,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":392,"startDateStruct":393,"completionDateStruct":395,"leadSponsor":397,"locationsCount":49},"100629817","phase-4-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-administration-and-postoperative-pain-in-pediatric-patients-100629817","NCT07479602","Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Administration and Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients","Impact of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Administration on Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 3-7 years old.\n* Scheduled to undergo adenoidectomy and\u002For tonsillectomy under general anesthesia.\n* Provides written informed consent by the guardian.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal diseases (such as rhinitis, nasal polyps, or any condition causing nasal congestion).\n* Clearly diagnosed cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.\n* Communication barriers due to delayed neurological development or visual or hearing impairments.\n* Traumatic brain injury or neurosurgery.\n* Abnormal liver and kidney function (biomarkers higher than twice of the upper normal limits).\n* Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥ III.\n* Body mass index higher than the 95th percentile of the age- and sex-standardized references.\n* Allergic to dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine.\n* Any other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.","3 Years","7 Years",{"count":382,"type":22},160,[25],"Postoperative pain after adenoid and tonsil surgery is significant, with approximately 75% of pediatric patients experiencing severe postoperative pain. Currently, there is a lack of clinical strategies to safely and effectively manage postoperative pain in children undergoing adenoid and tonsil surgery. Dexmedetomidine and esketamine can achieve appropriate sedation levels and alleviate postoperative pain when used in children. Both drugs can be administered intranasally, and their pharmacological effects complement each other, reducing side effects. This study aims to investigate whether intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination can improve postoperative analgesia in children undergoing adenoid and tonsil surgery.",[386,387,93,28,92,388],"Adenotonsillectomy","Children","Postoperative Pain",[386,387,97,28,92,390],"Postoperative pain","2026-04-08",{"date":365,"type":41},{"date":394,"type":41},"2026-04-07",{"date":396,"type":22},"2027-02",{"name":107,"class":48},{"id":399,"slug":400,"hasResults":12,"nctId":401,"briefTitle":402,"officialTitle":403,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":404,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":405,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":407,"briefSummary":408,"conditions":409,"keywords":411,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":391,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":414,"startDateStruct":415,"completionDateStruct":417,"leadSponsor":419,"locationsCount":49},"100616680","phase-4-impact-of-perioperative-dexmedetomidine-and-esketamine-on-postoperative-quality-of-recovery-100616680","NCT07308756","Impact of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery","Impact of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia and Surgery: A 2×2 Factorial Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 18 years or over;\n* Scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration of at least 1 hour;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unable to communicate preoperatively due to visual, auditory, or verbal barriers or other reasons;\n* Severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 bpm), sick sinus syndrome, or grade 2 or higher atrioventricular block without pacemaker;\n* History of hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, or intracranial hypertension;\n* Intracranial tumor or neurosurgery;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), renal failure (requiring renal replacement therapy), or American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV or higher;\n* Enrolled in other clinical studies.",{"count":406,"type":22},316,[25],"For patients after surgery, quality of recovery has significant impacts on the prognosis, quality of life, and rational allocation of medical resources. Dexmedetomidine and esketamine have each been used during the perioperative period and improved postoperative analgesia and subjective sleep quality. This 2x2 factorial trial is designed to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine, esketamine, and their combination on the quality of recovery in patients recovering from surgery under general anesthesia.",[67,204,28,92,410],"Quality of Recovery",[412,204,28,92,413],"General anesthesia","Quality of recovery",{"date":347,"type":41},{"date":416,"type":41},"2026-01-05",{"date":418,"type":22},"2027-04",{"name":107,"class":48},{"id":421,"slug":422,"hasResults":12,"nctId":423,"briefTitle":424,"officialTitle":425,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":426,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":379,"maxAge":427,"enrollmentInfo":428,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":430,"briefSummary":431,"conditions":432,"keywords":434,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":437,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":438,"startDateStruct":439,"completionDateStruct":441,"leadSponsor":442,"locationsCount":49},"100633188","effect-of-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-on-the-incidence-of-emergence-agitation-in-children-undergoing-strabismus-surgery-100633188","NCT07523438","Effect of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on the Incidence of Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery","Effect of Two Different Doses of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on the Incidence of Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery , A Randomized Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age: 3-6 years, both sexes\n* ASA physical status class I , II.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* history of neurological and psychiatric disease\n* body mass index \\> 20 kg m-2\n* allergy to dexmedetomidine\n* patients on medical treatment which has any sedative effect\n* mentally retarded children","6 Years",{"count":429,"type":22},120,[59],"Dexmedetomidine is a selective a-2 adrenergic agonist that provides sedative and analgesic effects. Intranasal dexmedetomidine has a slower and gradual onset compared to intravenous injection , with low incidence of nasal discomfort. Dexmedetomidine was tested at various doses and modes of administration, as well as different types of surgery and co-anesthetic drugs, as a single injection or continuous infusion. The authors have not agreed on the ideal clinical dose. The hypothesis is that intranasal dexmedetomidine 3mcg \u002Fkg will decrease the incidence of emergence agitation after strabismus surgery than dexmedetomidine 2 mcg\u002Fkg",[28,433],"Emergence Agitation",[28,435,436],"emergence agitation","strabismus surgery","2026-04-05",{"date":347,"type":41},{"date":440,"type":41},"2026-03-01",{"date":74,"type":22},{"name":443,"class":48},"Alexandria University",{"id":445,"slug":446,"hasResults":12,"nctId":447,"briefTitle":448,"officialTitle":449,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":450,"healthyVolunteers":196,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":115,"enrollmentInfo":451,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":452,"briefSummary":453,"conditions":454,"keywords":457,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":459,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":460,"startDateStruct":462,"completionDateStruct":463,"leadSponsor":465,"locationsCount":49},"100632016","phase-4-comparison-of-post-operative-analgesia-in-patients-undergoing-lower-abdominal-surgeries-receiving-ultrasound-guided-block-with-dexmetomidine-vs-dexmethasone-100632016","NCT07508202","Comparison of Post Operative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries Receiving Ultrasound Guided Block With Dexmetomidine vs Dexmethasone","Comparison of Mean Duration of Post Operative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries Receiving US Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAP) With Bupivacaine and Dexmetomidine vs Bupivacaine nd Dexmethasone","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* ASA I and ASA II BMI 25-35 kg\u002Fm2 Lower abdominal surgeries below L2-L3 leves\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Infection at block site Coagulopathy Antiplatelet",{"count":5,"type":22},[25],"Lower abdominal surgeries cause significant pain and can be managed by injecting local anesthetic agents between muscles of abdominal wall that can provide post operative pain relief and its duration can be prolonged by adding drugs to local anesthetic regimen",[455,28,456],"Post Operative Analgesia","TAP Block",[458],"Post opertive analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries","2026-03-27",{"date":461,"type":41},"2026-04-02",{"date":459,"type":41},{"date":464,"type":22},"2026-06-26",{"name":466,"class":467},"Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences","OTHER_GOV",{"id":469,"slug":470,"hasResults":12,"nctId":471,"briefTitle":472,"officialTitle":473,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":474,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":84,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":475,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":477,"briefSummary":478,"conditions":479,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":486,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":487,"startDateStruct":489,"completionDateStruct":490,"leadSponsor":492,"locationsCount":49},"100619378","virtual-reality-versus-intravenous-dexmedetomidine-on-maternal-anxiety-stress-hemodynamics-and-neonatal-outcomes-during-cesarean-section-100619378","NCT07343843","Virtual Reality Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Maternal Anxiety, Stress, Hemodynamics, and Neonatal Outcomes During Cesarean Section","Effect of Virtual Reality Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Maternal Anxiety, Stress, Hemodynamics, and Neonatal Outcomes During Cesarean Section","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age over 18 years old.\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II.\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean section (CS) delivery under Central Neuraxial Blockade.\n* Provide informed consent and agree to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient's refusal\n* Patient known have contraindications for Regional Anesthesia as infection at the site of injection, severe coagulopathy or allergy to local anesthetics.\n* Patient with psychiatric disorders.\n* Sensory impairment (blindness, deafness).\n* Any technical problem preventing proper fitting of the glasses to the patient face.\n* Patients with cognitive impairment, epilepsy or with claustrophobia\n* Patients with suspected eye infection\n* Signs of active labor.\n* Pregnancy related-diseases or antepartum hemorrhage.\n* Presence of Fetal distress.",{"count":476,"type":22},52,[59],"This study aims to compare the efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion versus virtual reality (VR) in reducing maternal anxiety, stress, and hemodynamic instability during cesarean section and their effects on neonatal outcome as respiration and heart rate.",[480,28,481,482,483,484,485],"Virtual Reality","Maternal Anxiety","Stress","Hemodynamics","Neonatal Outcomes","Cesarean Section","2026-01-17",{"date":488,"type":41},"2026-01-21",{"date":486,"type":41},{"date":491,"type":22},"2026-07-01",{"name":493,"class":48},"Benha University",{"id":495,"slug":496,"hasResults":12,"nctId":497,"briefTitle":498,"officialTitle":498,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":499,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":171,"maxAge":197,"enrollmentInfo":500,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":501,"briefSummary":502,"conditions":503,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":507,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":508,"startDateStruct":510,"completionDateStruct":512,"leadSponsor":513,"locationsCount":4},"100620646","role-of-opioid-free-anaesthesia-in-elderly-patients-undergoing-elective-coronary-artery-bypass-graft-surgeries-with-cardiopulmonary-bypass-in-enhanced-recovery-after-surgeries-100620646","NCT07360327","Role of Opioid Free Anaesthesia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgeries With Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Enhanced Recovery After Surgeries","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age group: above 65 years old of both sex. Undergoing an elective coronary artery bypass graft surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Past or ongoing history of drug abuse.\n* Psychiatric disease and cognitive disorders.\n* Inability to perform the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) test.\n* EF\\\u003C40 %.\n* 1st or 2nd degree Heart block.\n* HR \\\u003C50 bpm.\n* Allergy from drugs used in this study.\n* Use of a left ventricular assist device, IAB or ECMO pri",{"count":5,"type":22},[59],"The introduction of synthetic opioids in 1960 to general anesthesia together with sedative hypnotics and muscle relaxants allowed the appearance of the concept of multimodal balanced anesthesia. Although they help in achieving hemodynamic stability during anesthesia of open heart surgeries, their administration consequences are neither scarce nor benign to the patient. Perioperative opioids are associated with increased incidence of respiratory depression, prolonged mechanical ventilation, nausea and vomiting, prolonged sedation, Postoperative ileus (POI), urine retention, Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), immune depression and hyperalgesia (Beloeil et al., 2018).\n\nCoronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is particularly vulnerable to the above-mentioned complications. Indeed, some of the side effects of this surgery overlap with the adverse effects of opioids. Postoperative pulmonary complications are observed in up to 50% of patients (Fisscher et al., 2022) and POCD or delirium in 4-54% according to studies (Bhushan et al., 2021). Whereas major gastrointestinal complications are estimated to occur in around 3% of patients, essentially acute pancreatitis, postoperative ileus (Marsoner et al., 2019).\n\nOpioid-free anesthesia (OFA) strategies have emerged to avoid intraoperative opioid use. It is based on the fact that a sympathetic reaction evidenced by hemodynamic changes in an anesthetised patient does not systematically reflect pain. In addition, a sleeping patient will not recall pain, while hormonal stress and sympathetic and inflammatory reactions can be controlled by therapeutic classes",[504,28,29,505,506],"CABG","Opioid Free Anesthesia","Opioid Based Anesthesia","2026-01-14",{"date":509,"type":41},"2026-01-22",{"date":511,"type":22},"2026-01-01",{"date":74,"type":22},{"name":514,"class":48},"Ain Shams University",{"id":516,"slug":517,"hasResults":12,"nctId":518,"briefTitle":519,"officialTitle":520,"acronym":521,"eligibilityCriteria":522,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":171,"enrollmentInfo":523,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":524,"briefSummary":525,"conditions":526,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":531,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":532,"startDateStruct":534,"completionDateStruct":536,"leadSponsor":537,"locationsCount":49},"100618308","dexamethasone-dexmedetomidine-and-their-combination-on-post-op-git-function-measured-by-i-ffed-score-post-laparoscopic-cholecystectomy-100618308","NCT07329933","Dexamethasone, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination on Post op. GIT Function Measured by I-FFED Score Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy","Effect of Dexamethasone, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Function Measured by I-FEED Score After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial","GIT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- . Age 18-65 years. 2. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II. 3. Scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery under general anesthesia.\n\n4\\. Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known allergy or contraindication to any study drug (dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, or placebo).\n\n  2\\. Pre-existing gastrointestinal motility disorders (e.g., gastroparesis, inflammatory bowel disease).\n\n  3\\. Chronic use of opioids, steroids, or antiemetics. 4. History of severe cardiac disease (e.g., high-grade AV block, severe bradycardia).\n\n  5\\. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c \\> 8.0%). 6. Emergency surgery or conversion to open surgery. 7. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. 8. Morbid obesity (BMI \\>40). 9. Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction.",{"count":382,"type":22},[59],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effect of Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination on Post op. GIT Function Measured by I-FFED Score Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy\n\nWhat medical problems do participants have when taking Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine? Researchers will compare Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see the effect on Post op. GIT Function Measured by I-FFED Score Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Participants will receive Dexamethasone 8 mg IV + Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia.\n\nParticipants will receive Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg \u002Fkg IV + Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia.\n\nParticipants will receive Dexamethasone 8 mg IV + Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg\u002Fkg IV+ Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia.\n\nParticipants will receive Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia",[527,528,529,28,530],"GIT Function","Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic","Dexamethasone","I-FEED Score","2025-12-29",{"date":533,"type":41},"2026-01-09",{"date":535,"type":22},"2025-12-15",{"date":126,"type":22},{"name":493,"class":48},{"id":539,"slug":540,"hasResults":12,"nctId":541,"briefTitle":542,"officialTitle":543,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":544,"healthyVolunteers":196,"sex":17,"minAge":545,"maxAge":546,"enrollmentInfo":547,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":549,"briefSummary":550,"conditions":551,"keywords":553,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":556,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":557,"startDateStruct":559,"completionDateStruct":560,"leadSponsor":562,"locationsCount":49},"100618152","intravenous-lidocaine-infusion-versus-intravenous-dexmedetomidine-infusion-during-sleeve-gastrectomy-100618152","NCT07327905","Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Infusion During Sleeve Gastrectomy","Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Infusion During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy : the Effect on Recovery Outcomes Variables","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age: 20-50 years, both sexes.\n* American Standards Association (ASA) physical status class II to III.\n* Body mass index (BMI) 35-50 kg m-².\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cardiac conduction disorders.\n* Cardiomyopathy.\n* Chronic opioid use.\n* Allergy to the studied medications.\n* Pregnancy and breastfeeding.","20 Years","50 Years",{"count":548,"type":22},40,[59],"Although laparoscopic (LAP) bariatric surgery is minimally invasive. Following any laparoscopic procedure, patients typically experience the peak of postoperative pain within the first 24 hours. This intense pain gradually subsides, with significant relief usually occurring by the 2nd or 3rd postoperative day. The initial peak and subsequent decline in pain intensity highlight the importance of effective early pain management strategies to ensure patient comfort and recovery during this critical period. Inadequate management of postoperative pain can result in serious complications. Lidocaine is increasingly recognised as a vital adjunct in managing perioperative pain. Its efficacy extends beyond traditional local anaesthetic applications, as it also demonstrates analgesic, anti-hyperalgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, sympatholytic, and analgesic effects, while causing minimal respiratory depression",[552,64,28],"Bariatric Surgery",[554,153,555],"lidocaine","bariatric","2025-12-26",{"date":558,"type":41},"2026-01-08",{"date":556,"type":41},{"date":561,"type":22},"2026-11-01",{"name":443,"class":48},{"id":564,"slug":565,"hasResults":12,"nctId":566,"briefTitle":567,"officialTitle":567,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":568,"healthyVolunteers":196,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":569,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":571,"briefSummary":572,"conditions":573,"keywords":577,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":579,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":580,"startDateStruct":582,"completionDateStruct":584,"leadSponsor":586,"locationsCount":4},"100615893","phase-4-safety-exploration-and-evaluation-of-dexmedetomidine-hydrochloride-nasal-spray-for-pre-anesthesia-sedation-in-low-monitoring-settings-100615893","NCT07298525","Safety Exploration and Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray for Pre-anesthesia Sedation in Low-Monitoring Settings","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* be 18 years of age or older, including the age of 18; no gender limitation;\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I to III;\n* Require general anesthesia, intraspinal anesthesia, or nerve block anesthesia for an elective surgical procedure;\n* Provide informed consent for participation in this study prior to the commencement of the trial and execute a written document of informed consent willingly.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals with a known hypersensitivity to dexmedetomidine hydrochloride or any excipient; patients with a documented allergy to any tranquilizers, opioids, or other substances employed in the trial;\n* Individuals with airway hyperactivity, such as those suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or sleep apnea, who are determined by the researchers to have experienced or are experiencing safety concerns related to these conditions;\n* Patients with a history of nasal disorders, previous surgical procedures, or allergic reactions deemed clinically significant by the research team, which could significantly impact drug absorption (e.g., chronic nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nosebleeds, and other symptoms, as well as anatomical or mucosal abnormalities in the nose that may affect drug uptake);\n* A blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) level of less than or equal to 92% in a non-oxygenated state during the screening period;\n* patients with current psychiatric disorders (like schizophrenia or depression) or cognitive impairment; those with a history of epilepsy; or individuals with a past record of psychotropic or narcotic substance abuse;\n* A history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris within the past six months prior to the screening phase;\n* A heart rate or pulse rate of less than or equal to 50 beats per minute during the screening period, the presence of clinically significant heart functional abnormalities as determined by the investigators, or the presence of grade II or higher atrioventricular block (excluding patients with implanted pacemakers) along with other severe arrhythmias;\n* Patients with inadequately controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg and\u002For diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg during the screening period) or hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg and\u002For diastolic blood pressure ≤ mmHg during the screening period);\n* Participants who have already engaged in other clinical trials and have taken the investigational drug within the three months preceding the screening period;\n* Pregnant or lactating women expected to undergo a cesarean section during labor and delivery;\n* The investigator concludes that the patient possesses other conditions rendering them ineligible for trial participation.",{"count":570,"type":22},564,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the viability of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride nasal spray under minimal or no supervision and to further investigate novel clinical applications for this medication. This study aims to investigate the following aspects: the incidence of adverse respiratory and circulatory events requiring medical intervention following the administration of dexmedetomidine nasal spray for pre-anesthetic sedation, its sedative efficacy and onset time, and its impact on the quality of post-anesthesia recovery and the occurrence of postoperative delirium. Researchers will compare dexmedetomidine hydrochloride nasal spray to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see the incidence and severity of adverse events following administration. Participants will receive either dexmedetomidine nasal spray or a placebo 45 minutes before anesthesia induction. The blinded assessor will continuously monitor and record vital signs, adverse events, and the level of sedation. More importantly, observations and records should be made for respiratory and circulatory events that require medical intervention. A follow-up assessment will be conducted within three days after the operation to evaluate the incidence of postoperative delirium and patient satisfaction.",[28,281,574,575,576],"Safety","Preanesthetic Medication","Monitored Anaesthesia Care",[28,281,574,575,576,578],"Adverse Events of Respiratory Circulation","2025-12-22",{"date":581,"type":41},"2025-12-23",{"date":583,"type":22},"2026-01-10",{"date":585,"type":22},"2026-12-30",{"name":587,"class":48},"Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital",{"id":589,"slug":590,"hasResults":12,"nctId":591,"briefTitle":592,"officialTitle":593,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":594,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":115,"enrollmentInfo":595,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":597,"briefSummary":598,"conditions":599,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":606,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":607,"startDateStruct":609,"completionDateStruct":611,"leadSponsor":613,"locationsCount":49},"100614228","intrathecal-dexmedetomidine-fentanyl-combination-versus-fentanyl-alone-as-adjuvant-to-bupivacaine-in-spinal-anesthesia-for-above-knee-amputation-in-sarcomas-of-lower-extremity-100614228","NCT07276867","Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine-Fentanyl Combination Versus Fentanyl Alone as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Above Knee Amputation in Sarcomas of Lower Extremity","Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine-Fentanyl Combination Versus Fentanyl Alone as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Above Knee Amputation in Sarcomas of Lower Extremity: A Randomized, Comparative Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age from 18 to 60 years.\n* Both sexes.\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of II-III.\n* Height between 150-185 cm.\n* Body mass index between 18-35 kg\u002Fm².\n* Scheduled for above-knee amputation due to lower limb sarcomas.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Allergy to any of the investigated drugs.\n* History of heart block, arrhythmia, or ongoing therapy with beta- or calcium channel- blockers, or angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors.\n* Contraindications to spinal anesthesia.\n* Pregnancy or lactation.\n* Presence of psychiatric illness or chronic pain conditions.",{"count":596,"type":22},58,[59],"The current work evaluated whether the combination of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl provides superior postoperative analgesia to fentanyl alone when administered with hyperbaric bupivacaine.",[600,28,285,601,602,603,604,605],"Intrathecal","Bupivacaine","Spinal Anesthesia","Above Knee Amputation","Sarcomas","Lower Extremity","2025-11-30",{"date":608,"type":41},"2025-12-11",{"date":610,"type":41},"2025-10-20",{"date":612,"type":22},"2026-04-01",{"name":614,"class":48},"National Cancer Institute, Egypt",{"id":616,"slug":617,"hasResults":12,"nctId":618,"briefTitle":619,"officialTitle":620,"acronym":621,"eligibilityCriteria":622,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":115,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":623,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":625,"briefSummary":626,"conditions":627,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":644,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":645,"startDateStruct":647,"completionDateStruct":649,"leadSponsor":651,"locationsCount":653},"100384702","phase-4-cognitive-outcomes-after-dexmedetomidine-sedation-in-cardiac-surgery-patients-100384702","NCT04289142","Cognitive Outcomes After Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Cardiac Surgery Patients","Cognitive Outcomes After Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Cardiac Surgery Patients: CODEX Trial","CODEX","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Planned CABG (+\u002F- valve, including off-pump) or valve replacement via sternotomy\u002Fthoracotomy, with initial recovery in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU)\n* Age ≥60\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Lack of patient consent\n* Pre-operative major cognitive dysfunction (CogState Brief Battery score \\\u003C 80) at screening\n* Aortic arch replacement\u002Fre-implantation (surgery requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest, e.g. Bentall procedure)\n* Allergy\u002Fcontraindication to dexmedetomidine (untreated 2nd degree type 2 or 3rd degree heart block (pacemaker), cirrhosis, HR \\\u003C 50 , grade 4 LV, renal failure or on renal replacement therapy)\n* Unlikely to comply with study assessments (e.g. no fixed address, cannot complete cognitive tests at the 3, 6, and 12 month time points)",{"count":624,"type":22},2400,[25],"Anesthesia is a drug induced, reversible, comatose state that facilitates surgery and it is widely assumed that cognition returns to baseline after anesthetics have been eliminated. However, many patients have persistent memory impairment for weeks to months after surgery. Cardiac surgery appears to carry the highest risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). These cognitive deficits are associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay and loss of independence. The investigators propose to investigate the role of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in preventing long-term POCD after cardiac surgery and enhancing early postoperative recovery. It is anticipated that DEX will be the first effective preventative therapy for POCD, improve patient outcomes, and reduce length of stay and healthcare costs.",[628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,28,638,639,640,641,642,643],"Delirium","Cognitive Dysfunction","Cognition Disorder","Neurocognitive Disorders","Mental Disorders","Confusion","Neurobehavioral Manifestations","Neurologic Manifestations","Nervous System Diseases","Signs and Symptoms","Hypnotics and Sedatives","Central Nervous System Depressants","Physiological Effects of Drugs","Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","Analgesics","Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action","2025-11-27",{"date":646,"type":41},"2025-12-01",{"date":648,"type":41},"2019-12-01",{"date":650,"type":22},"2029-03",{"name":652,"class":48},"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre",8,{"id":655,"slug":656,"hasResults":12,"nctId":657,"briefTitle":658,"officialTitle":658,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":659,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":660,"maxAge":661,"enrollmentInfo":662,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":664,"briefSummary":665,"conditions":666,"keywords":672,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":675,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":676,"startDateStruct":678,"completionDateStruct":680,"leadSponsor":681,"locationsCount":683},"100581678","phase-4-determination-of-ed50-and-ed95-with-clinical-efficacy-of-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-combined-with-esketamine-for-preoperative-sedation-in-pediatric-general-anesthesia-100581678","NCT06853431","Determination of ED50 and ED95 With Clinical Efficacy of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Combined With Esketamine for Preoperative Sedation in Pediatric General Anesthesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. ASA physical status classification Grade I or II;\n2. Age 1-6 years old;\n3. Children who need to undergo general anesthesia for elective surgery;\n4. Weight within the normal range;\n5. Signed informed consent form. -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. The child's guardian or the child themselves refuses to participate in the study;\n2. Patients with contraindications for sedation\u002Fanesthesia or a history of abnormal recovery from sedation\u002Fanesthesia;\n3. Individuals known to be allergic to the study drugs, opioid drugs, or rescue medications;\n4. Individuals with a history of heart, brain, liver, kidney, or metabolic diseases;\n5. Individuals with an upper respiratory tract infection within the past two weeks;\n6. Individuals with other diseases that may cause harm to the subject. -","12 Months","72 Months",{"count":663,"type":22},80,[25],"For pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia, poor anesthesia induction compliance often has adverse effects on individual behavior in the early postoperative period. Dexmedetomidine can reduce the cardiovascular responses and postoperative mental adverse reactions caused by esketamine anesthesia induction \\[6\\]. This study aims to explore the ED50 and ED95 and clinical effects of the combination of dexmedetomidine and esketamine nasal drops for preoperative sedation in children of different ages undergoing general anesthesia, providing a theoretical basis for the combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine for preoperative sedation in children undergoing general anesthesia.",[667,668,387,28,92,669,670,671],"Preoperative Anxiety","Preoperative Sedation","ED95","ED50","Preoperative Sedation of Children",[667,673,387,28,92,669,670,674],"Preoperative sedation","preoperative sedation of children","2025-11-24",{"date":677,"type":41},"2025-12-02",{"date":679,"type":41},"2025-03-01",{"date":606,"type":22},{"name":682,"class":48},"Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University",2]