[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"esketamine\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:esketamine":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,28,0,25,[9,50,75,107,126,150,178,206,223,249,272,299,329,352,375,401,421,446,472,494,524,551,577,600,634],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":33,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":39,"startDateStruct":42,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100642691","phase-4-intranasal-esketamine-dexmedetomidine-combination-and-postpartum-depression-100642691",false,"NCT07639099","Intranasal Esketamine-dexmedetomidine Combination and Postpartum Depression","Impact of Intranasal Esketamine-dexmedetomidine Combination on Postpartum Depression in Parturients With Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: a Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged ≥18 years who are preparing for childbirth;\n* Positive prenatal depression screening, defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥5.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of schizophrenia or existence of communication barriers;\n* Severe obstetric complications, including severe preeclampsia, placenta accreta, HELLP syndrome, placenta previa, placental abruption, or ASA physical status classification \\>III;\n* Contraindications to ketamine\u002Fesketamine, including refractory hypertension, severe cardiovascular disease (NYHA class ≥III), or hyperthyroidism;\n* Contraindications to dexmedetomidine, including severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block;\n* Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal cavity diseases (e.g., rhinitis, nasal polyps, or nasal congestion of any cause);\n* Refusal to participate in this study or concurrent participation in another clinical trial.","FEMALE","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},164,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"PHASE4","Esketamine has rapid-onset antidepressant effects and may reduce postpartum depression in parturients with prenatal depressive symptoms. However, its adverse neuropsychiatric symptoms limits clinical application. Dexmedetomidine can alleviate these adverse symptoms and has independent antidepressant effect. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is designed to evaluate whether intranasal esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine can reduce the prevalence of postpartum depression in women with prenatal depressive symptoms.",[27,28,29,30,31,32],"Parturients","Depressive Symptoms","Esketamine","Dexmedetomidine","Intranasal Administration","Postpartum Depression",[27,34,29,30,35,36],"Prenatal depressive symptoms","Intranasal administration","Postpartum depression","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-11",{"date":40,"type":41},"2026-06-15","ACTUAL",{"date":43,"type":21},"2026-06",{"date":45,"type":21},"2029-12",{"name":47,"class":48},"Peking University First Hospital","OTHER",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":12,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":56,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":58,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":59,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":61,"briefSummary":62,"conditions":63,"keywords":67,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":68,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":69,"startDateStruct":71,"completionDateStruct":72,"leadSponsor":74,"locationsCount":49},"100638812","phase-4-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-on-sleep-and-cognition-in-older-adults-with-mild-to-moderate-cognitive-impairment-100638812","NCT07610343","Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine on Sleep and Cognition in Older Adults With Mild-to-moderate Cognitive Impairment","Impact of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine on Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild-to-moderate Cognitive Impairment: a Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged ≥ 60 years.\n2. Meeting the clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease, with mild cognitive impairment (MoCA score 18-25) or moderate cognitive impairment (MoCA score 10-17) due to Alzheimer's disease.\n3. Comorbid with sleep disorders (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index \\[PSQI\\] score ≥ 7).\n4. Signed informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Cognitive impairment\u002Fdementia due to other causes (e.g., vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia).\n2. Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal cavity diseases (e.g., rhinitis, nasal polyps, or nasal congestion of any cause).\n3. Inability to communicate due to visual, auditory, language, or other reasons, or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 9 or MoCA score ≤ 9.\n4. History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease, or confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, or myasthenia gravis.\n5. Confirmed diagnosis of restless legs syndrome or sleep apnea, or judged to be at high risk of moderate-to-severe sleep apnea according to STOP-Bang score, or Body Mass Index (BMI) \\> 30 kg\u002Fm2.\n6. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 12 months prior to enrollment, confirmed intracranial aneurysm, or elevated intracranial pressure from any cause.\n7. Uncontrolled hypertension (e.g., hypertensive crisis or systolic blood pressure \\> 160 mmHg and\u002For diastolic blood pressure \\> 100 mmHg prior to enrollment), myocardial infarction, unstable angina, revascularization surgery within 12 months prior to enrollment, or NYHA class III.\n8. Sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C 50 beats\u002Fmin), atrioventricular block above degree II without a pacemaker, corrected QT interval (Fridericia-corrected QTcF) ≥ 450 ms, or other severe arrhythmias (e.g., frequent premature ventricular contractions).\n9. Uncontrolled diabetes (e.g., HbA1c \\> 9%, diabetic ketosis, hyperglycemic coma, or hypoglycemia).\n10. Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh Class C), renal dysfunction (eGFR ≤ 30 ml\u002Fmin\u002F1.73m2), respiratory insufficiency (SpO2 \\\u003C 93% on room air), or other severe diseases (e.g., frailty with inability to walk independently, advanced-stage tumors).\n11. Alcohol or drug dependence (manifested as strong cravings, uncontrolled use, and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation), or use of contraindicated medications.\n12. Major surgery under general anesthesia within 12 weeks prior to enrollment, or planned surgery within 12 weeks.\n13. Allergy to dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine.\n14. Participation in other interventional clinical studies.\n15. Any other conditions deemed unsuitable for study inclusion by the investigator.","ALL","60 Years",{"count":60,"type":21},60,[24],"Patients with cognitive decline are frequently comorbid with sleep disorders which may in turn aggravate cognitive decline. Sedative dose dexmedetomidine improved sleep quality but incresed bradycardia and hypotension; low dose dexmedetomidine produce less side effects, but the sleep promoting effects are relatively weak. Low dose esketamine also has sleep-promoting effects but may produce neuropsychiatric side effects. Both dexmedetomidine and esketamine are approved for intranasal administration. We suppose that intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination may improve sleep quality and therefore cognitive function in older ptients with Alzheimer's disease cognitive impairment and sleep disorders.",[64,65,66,30,29],"Older Adults","Cognitive Impairment","Sleep Disorders",[64,65,66,30,29],"2026-05-28",{"date":70,"type":41},"2026-06-01",{"date":43,"type":21},{"date":73,"type":21},"2027-12",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":76,"slug":77,"hasResults":12,"nctId":78,"briefTitle":79,"officialTitle":80,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":81,"healthyVolunteers":82,"sex":57,"minAge":83,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":85,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":87,"briefSummary":88,"conditions":89,"keywords":95,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":102,"completionDateStruct":103,"leadSponsor":105,"locationsCount":106},"100638808","phase-4-long-term-follow-up-of-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-and-tdcs-for-neurocognitive-complications-after-surgery-100638808","NCT07576543","Long-term Follow-up of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine and tDCS for Neurocognitive Complications After Surgery","Long-term Follow-up of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 65 to 90 years;\n* Preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \\\u003C 27 points, indicating possible cognitive impairment ranging from mild to moderate;\n* Scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration \\> 1 hour;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, endstage disease, or language impairment;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma\u002Fsurgery, or myasthenia gravis;\n* Presence of metal implants in the intracranial or cervical region (such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, deep brain stimulation electrodes), or skin damage or severe skin disease on the head;\n* Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C 30%), comorbid with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C 50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker;\n* Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or ASA classification ≥ IV;\n* Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine;\n* Participation in other clinical studies within the past 3 months;\n* Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.",true,"65 Years","90 Years",{"count":86,"type":21},1160,[24],"Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse long-term outcomes. An ongoing 2×2 factorial trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. This long-term follow-up of the ongoing trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.",[90,91,30,29,92,93,94],"Older Patients","Surgery","Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","Cognitive Function","Survival",[96,91,30,29,97,98,94],"Older patients","Transcranial direct current stimulation","Cognitive function","2026-05-07",{"date":101,"type":41},"2026-05-12",{"date":43,"type":21},{"date":104,"type":21},"2031-06",{"name":47,"class":48},6,{"id":108,"slug":109,"hasResults":12,"nctId":110,"briefTitle":111,"officialTitle":112,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":113,"healthyVolunteers":82,"sex":57,"minAge":83,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":114,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":115,"briefSummary":116,"conditions":117,"keywords":119,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":121,"startDateStruct":122,"completionDateStruct":123,"leadSponsor":125,"locationsCount":106},"100637701","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-and-tdcs-for-prevention-of-neurocognitive-complications-after-surgery-100637701","NCT07576517","Dexmedetomidine-esketamine and tDCS for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications After Surgery","Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery: a 2×2 Factorial Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 65 to 90 years;\n* Preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \\\u003C 27 points, indicating possible cognitive impairment ranging from mild to moderate;\n* Scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration \\> 1 hour;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, end-stage disease, or language impairment;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma\u002Fsurgery, or myasthenia gravis;\n* Presence of metal implants in the intracranial or cervical region (such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, deep brain stimulation electrodes), or skin damage or severe skin disease on the head;\n* Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C 30%), comorbid with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C 50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker;\n* Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or ASA classification ≥ IV;\n* Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine;\n* Participation in other clinical studies within the past 3 months;\n* Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":86,"type":21},[24],"Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse outcomes. In previous studies, perioperative use of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination improved analgesia and sleep quality after surgery. Perioperative use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) also improved sleep quality and reduced delirium occurrence early after surgery. This 2×2 factorial trial is designed to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on early postoperative neurocognitive recovery and delirium occurrence in older patients.",[90,91,30,29,92,118],"Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders",[96,91,30,29,97,120],"Perioperative neurocognitive disorders",{"date":101,"type":41},{"date":43,"type":21},{"date":124,"type":21},"2030-06",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":127,"slug":128,"hasResults":12,"nctId":129,"briefTitle":130,"officialTitle":131,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":132,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":133,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":135,"briefSummary":137,"conditions":138,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":142,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":143,"startDateStruct":144,"completionDateStruct":146,"leadSponsor":148,"locationsCount":49},"100610637","the-efficacy-and-safety-of-short-term-s-ketamine-infusion-as-an-adjunctive-therapy-in-patients-with-fibromyalgia-100610637","NCT07230171","The Efficacy and Safety of Short Term S-ketamine Infusion as an Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Fibromyalgia","Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Conventional Therapy With Conventional Therapy Combined Esketamine in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia: A Multicenter Clinical Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients between ages over 18 years with proper cognitive function and language skills for the study;\n* Patients diagnosed with FM as defined by the ACR FM diagnostic criteria;\n* Patients who have experienced insufficient symptom relief with non-pharmacological treatments and have not previously received recommended pharmacological treatment for FM;\n* A score of ≥ 4 on the average pain intensity over 7 days on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at baseline.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Patient refusal;\n* Inability to sign informed consent;\n* Had other secondary FM, this is, hypothyroidism, nutritional deficiency, diabetes mellitus, connective tissue disorder;\n* Had psychiatric disorder, this is, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, or personality disorder;\n* Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or a STOP-Bang score ≥ 3;\n* History of treatment with pregabalin and\u002For venlafaxine for any disease;\n* History of treatment with intravenous ketamine or ESK for chronic pain;\n* Presence of other painful ailments such as inflammatory rheumatic disease;\n* Uncontrolled diabetes, refractory hypertension, malignancies, narrow-angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, severe cardiovascular disease or any other contraindications to esketamine;\n* History of prescription drug abuse, alcoholism or illicit drug use;\n* Pregnant or lactating women;\n* Allergic to any of the study drugs.",{"count":134,"type":21},92,[136],"NA","Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome where current medications have limited efficacy and a slow onset of action. Esketamine shows potential as a rapid-acting analgesic, but previous low-dose studies failed to demonstrate long-term benefits. The efficacy of higher-dose ESK as an adjunctive therapy when standard treatments are insufficient remains unclear.",[139,140,29],"Fibromyalgia","Pregabalin","RECRUITING","2026-05-03",{"date":99,"type":41},{"date":145,"type":41},"2025-09-15",{"date":147,"type":21},"2027-08-31",{"name":149,"class":48},"Beijing Tiantan Hospital",{"id":151,"slug":152,"hasResults":12,"nctId":153,"briefTitle":154,"officialTitle":155,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":156,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":157,"maxAge":158,"enrollmentInfo":159,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":161,"briefSummary":162,"conditions":163,"keywords":167,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":171,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":172,"startDateStruct":174,"completionDateStruct":176,"leadSponsor":177,"locationsCount":49},"100633385","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-combination-and-chronic-postsurgical-pain-after-spinal-surgery-100633385","NCT07525999","Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Spinal Surgery","Effect of Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination on Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Spinal Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged \\>= 40 years and \\\u003C 80 years;\n2. Scheduled to undergo elective posterior cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected operative duration \\>= 2 hours;\n3. Requirement for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) postoperatively.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Severe uncontrolled hypertension preoperatively (baseline ward blood pressure: SBP \\> 180 mmHg or DBP \\> 110 mmHg);\n2. Severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C= 50 bpm), sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block of grade II or higher without pacemaker implantation, or a history of myocardial infarction within one year, severe heart failure (NYHA class \\>= III), or rapid ventricular arrhythmia;\n3. Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, or intracranial hypertension;\n4. Preoperative history of hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n5. Inability to communicate preoperatively due to coma, severe dementia, or language impairment;\n6. Severe cardiac insufficiency (preoperative LVEF \\\u003C 30% or NYHA class IV), severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (preoperative dialysis), or ASA physical status \\>= grade IV;\n7. Other conditions deemed inappropriate for study participation by the investigator or attending physician.","40 Years","80 Years",{"count":160,"type":21},274,[24],"Spinal surgery is generally followed by severe postoperative pain, and poor pain control may cause adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular events, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). In previous studies, perioperative use of dexmedetomidine or esketamine is each associated with improved analgesia after surgery. Recent studies suggest that combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may produce synergetic effects in improving analgesia. This trial is designed to test the hypothesis that perioperative combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may reduce CPSP in patients after spinal surgery.",[164,165,30,29,166],"Spinal Surgery","Pain Intensity","Postoperative Analgesia",[168,169,30,29,170],"Spinal surgery","Pain intensity","Postoperative analgesia","2026-04-13",{"date":173,"type":41},"2026-04-16",{"date":175,"type":21},"2026-04",{"date":73,"type":21},{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":179,"slug":180,"hasResults":12,"nctId":181,"briefTitle":182,"officialTitle":183,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":184,"healthyVolunteers":82,"sex":57,"minAge":83,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":185,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":187,"briefSummary":188,"conditions":189,"keywords":194,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":198,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":199,"startDateStruct":201,"completionDateStruct":202,"leadSponsor":204,"locationsCount":205},"100633180","phase-4-impact-of-esketamine-on-delayed-neurocognitive-recovery-in-older-patients-100633180","NCT07523334","Impact of Esketamine on Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Patients","Impact of Esketamine on Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Patients Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery: a Two-center, Dose-exploring Pilot Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged \\>=65 but \\\u003C= 90 years;\n2. Scheduled to undergo non-cardiac surgery with an expected duration of \\>= 2 hours under general anesthesia;\n3. Requiring patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Unable to communicate preoperatively due to visual or auditory impairment, language barrier, or severe dementia;\n2. Comorbid with schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis;\n3. Traumatic brain injury or neurosurgery;\n4. Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh Class C), severe renal dysfunction (receiving dialysis preoperatively), or American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification \\>= Ⅳ;\n5. Expected admission to the Intensive Care Unit with endotracheal intubation after surgery;\n6. Anaphylaxis to esketamine;\n7. Participation in other clinical studies, or any other conditions that are considered unsuitable to be involved in the study.",{"count":186,"type":21},120,[24],"Esketamine is frequently used during the perioperative period for supplemental analgesia. Small sample size trials showed that subanesthetic dose esketamine may decrease postoperative neurocognitive complications. However, conflicting results exist and optimal dose of esketamine remains to be determined. This dose-exploring pilot trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three different perioperative esketamine dosing regimens in older patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. The primary purpose is to explore the optimal dosing strategy that produce maximal neurocognitive benefits with minimal adverse neuropsychiatric symptoms.",[190,191,192,193,29],"Elderly","Noncardiac Surgery","Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery","Postoperative Delirium",[96,195,196,197,29],"Noncardiac surgery","Delayed neurocognitive recovery","Postoperative delirium","2026-04-09",{"date":200,"type":41},"2026-04-14",{"date":175,"type":21},{"date":203,"type":21},"2026-12",{"name":47,"class":48},2,{"id":207,"slug":208,"hasResults":12,"nctId":209,"briefTitle":210,"officialTitle":211,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":212,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":157,"maxAge":158,"enrollmentInfo":213,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":214,"briefSummary":215,"conditions":216,"keywords":217,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":198,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":218,"startDateStruct":219,"completionDateStruct":220,"leadSponsor":222,"locationsCount":49},"100633179","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-combination-and-moderate-to-severe-pain-after-spinal-surgery-100633179","NCT07523321","Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Moderate-to-severe Pain After Spinal Surgery","Effect of Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination on Incidence of Moderate-to-severe Pain After Spinal Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged \\>= 40 years but \\\u003C 80 years;\n2. Scheduled to undergo elective posterior cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine surgery with an expected duration \\>= 2 hours under general anesthesia;\n3. Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Uncontrolled preoperative hypertension (ward systolic blood pressure \\> 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \\> 110 mmHg);\n2. Severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C= 50 bpm), sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block of grade II or higher without pacemaker implantation, a history of myocardial infarction within one year, or presence of rapid ventricular arrhythmia;\n3. History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis, or prresence of intracranial hypertension;\n4. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n5. Inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, or language barrier;\n6. Severe cardiac insufficiency (preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C 30% or New York Heart Association Functional classification IV), severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (preoperative dialysis), or American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status \\>= IV;\n7. Other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":160,"type":21},[24],"Spinal surgery is generally followed by severe postoperative pain, and poor pain control may cause adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular events, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). In previous studies, perioperative use of dexmedetomidine or esketamine is each associated with improved analgesia after surgery. Recent studies suggest that combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may produce synergetic effects in improving analgesia. This trial is designed to test the hypothesis that perioperative combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine may improve analgesia and reduce moderate-to-severe pain in patients after spinal surgery.",[164,165,30,29,166],[168,169,30,29,170],{"date":200,"type":41},{"date":175,"type":21},{"date":221,"type":21},"2027-05",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":224,"slug":225,"hasResults":12,"nctId":226,"briefTitle":227,"officialTitle":228,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":229,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":230,"maxAge":231,"enrollmentInfo":232,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":234,"briefSummary":235,"conditions":236,"keywords":240,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":242,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":243,"startDateStruct":244,"completionDateStruct":246,"leadSponsor":248,"locationsCount":49},"100629817","phase-4-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-administration-and-postoperative-pain-in-pediatric-patients-100629817","NCT07479602","Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Administration and Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients","Impact of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Administration on Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 3-7 years old.\n* Scheduled to undergo adenoidectomy and\u002For tonsillectomy under general anesthesia.\n* Provides written informed consent by the guardian.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal diseases (such as rhinitis, nasal polyps, or any condition causing nasal congestion).\n* Clearly diagnosed cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.\n* Communication barriers due to delayed neurological development or visual or hearing impairments.\n* Traumatic brain injury or neurosurgery.\n* Abnormal liver and kidney function (biomarkers higher than twice of the upper normal limits).\n* Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥ III.\n* Body mass index higher than the 95th percentile of the age- and sex-standardized references.\n* Allergic to dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine.\n* Any other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.","3 Years","7 Years",{"count":233,"type":21},160,[24],"Postoperative pain after adenoid and tonsil surgery is significant, with approximately 75% of pediatric patients experiencing severe postoperative pain. Currently, there is a lack of clinical strategies to safely and effectively manage postoperative pain in children undergoing adenoid and tonsil surgery. Dexmedetomidine and esketamine can achieve appropriate sedation levels and alleviate postoperative pain when used in children. Both drugs can be administered intranasally, and their pharmacological effects complement each other, reducing side effects. This study aims to investigate whether intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination can improve postoperative analgesia in children undergoing adenoid and tonsil surgery.",[237,238,31,30,29,239],"Adenotonsillectomy","Children","Postoperative Pain",[237,238,35,30,29,241],"Postoperative pain","2026-04-08",{"date":198,"type":41},{"date":245,"type":41},"2026-04-07",{"date":247,"type":21},"2027-02",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":250,"slug":251,"hasResults":12,"nctId":252,"briefTitle":253,"officialTitle":254,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":255,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":256,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":258,"briefSummary":259,"conditions":260,"keywords":263,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":242,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":266,"startDateStruct":267,"completionDateStruct":269,"leadSponsor":271,"locationsCount":49},"100616680","phase-4-impact-of-perioperative-dexmedetomidine-and-esketamine-on-postoperative-quality-of-recovery-100616680","NCT07308756","Impact of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery","Impact of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia and Surgery: A 2×2 Factorial Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 18 years or over;\n* Scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration of at least 1 hour;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unable to communicate preoperatively due to visual, auditory, or verbal barriers or other reasons;\n* Severe bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 bpm), sick sinus syndrome, or grade 2 or higher atrioventricular block without pacemaker;\n* History of hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, or intracranial hypertension;\n* Intracranial tumor or neurosurgery;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), renal failure (requiring renal replacement therapy), or American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV or higher;\n* Enrolled in other clinical studies.",{"count":257,"type":21},316,[24],"For patients after surgery, quality of recovery has significant impacts on the prognosis, quality of life, and rational allocation of medical resources. Dexmedetomidine and esketamine have each been used during the perioperative period and improved postoperative analgesia and subjective sleep quality. This 2x2 factorial trial is designed to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine, esketamine, and their combination on the quality of recovery in patients recovering from surgery under general anesthesia.",[261,91,30,29,262],"General Anesthesia","Quality of Recovery",[264,91,30,29,265],"General anesthesia","Quality of recovery",{"date":171,"type":41},{"date":268,"type":41},"2026-01-05",{"date":270,"type":21},"2027-04",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":273,"slug":274,"hasResults":12,"nctId":275,"briefTitle":276,"officialTitle":277,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":278,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":279,"maxAge":280,"enrollmentInfo":281,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":283,"briefSummary":285,"conditions":286,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":290,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":291,"startDateStruct":293,"completionDateStruct":295,"leadSponsor":297,"locationsCount":205},"100612006","early-phase-1-subanesthetic-esketamine-in-modified-ect-for-severe-depression-in-adolescents-clinical-and-mechanistic-study-100612006","NCT07247968","Subanesthetic Esketamine in Modified ECT for Severe Depression in Adolescents: Clinical and Mechanistic Study","Clinical and Mechanistic Study of Subanesthetic-dose Esketamine in Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy for Adolescents With Severe Depression","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases,11th Revision(ICD-11),and scheduled for Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy(MECT);\n* Aged 13 to 17 years,regardless of gender;\n* Educational attainment of primary school or higher;\n* Normal hearing and vision,including color perception;\n* Voluntary participation in the study with signed informed consent;\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical status classification I-II.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Severe cardiovascular disease,significant arrhythmias,or other cardiac conditions;\n* Inability to complete the assessment scales;\n* History of substance abuse;\n* Received electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)within 6 months prior to the study;\n* Severe cerebrovascular disease,severe hypertension,intracranial hypertension,or presence of intracranial electrodes;\n* Severe allergy or contraindication to propofol or succinylcholine;\n* Comorbid with other psychiatric disorders.","13 Years","17 Years",{"count":282,"type":21},220,[284],"EARLY_PHASE1","The study design was a randomized, double blind, parallel controlled trial.The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if esketamine-assisted modified electroconvulsive therapy (ESK-MECT) works to treat severe depression in adolescents. It will also learn about the safety of ESK-MECT.\n\nThe sample size was calculated based on the response rate of patients with depression undergoing electroconvulsive therapy(ECT).According to the results of the pilot study,the efficacy rate of subjects receiving adjunctive esketamine was approximately 78%,while the efficacy rate of those receiving only propofol was 63%.The expected superiority difference in remission rates between the two groups was 15%(one-sided)for the power calculation.Assuming a significance level of α=0.05 and a test power of β=0.2,with a 1:1 ratio of sample sizes between the two groups,the total sample size was calculated to be 198 using the PASS software(PASS 2023).Considering a dropout rate of 10%,a total of 220 subjects were required,with 110 subjects in each group.\n\n1. experimental group The patients were given intravenous injection of 0.25 mg \u002F kg esketamine, 1.5 mg \u002F kg propofol and 1 mg \u002F kg succinylcholine in turn. After anesthesia, the patients were given electroconvulsive therapy.\n2. In the control group The patients were given normal saline consistent with esketamine injection volume, 1.5mg\u002Fkg of propofol and 1mg \u002F kg of succinylcholine. After anesthesia, the patients were given electroconvulsive therapy.\n\nEfficacy evaluation 1. Main efficacy indicators Response rate of depressive symptoms after MECT treatment Response is defined as two consecutive HAMD-24 scores ≤ 50% before treatment after receiving MECT treatment. The response rate is calculated as the number of patients who achieved as response divided by the total number of patients receiving MECT.In this study, the 24-item version of HAMD was utilized.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nBe randomly assigned to the esketamine group or the control group, and receive standard MECT treatment.\n\nHave seizure parameters, seizure duration, vital signs, and complications recorded.\n\nComplete psychiatric scale assessments, including HAMD-24, BSS, PANSS, WMS-RC and MoCA.\n\nBe assessed at the following time points: HAMD-24 and BSS after each treatment; PANSS after each treatment course;WMS-RC and MoCA before MECT and after one treatment course.\n\nAll subjects did not discontinue antidepressants before modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT),and they were fasting for 8 hours and no fluids for 2 hours.Three minutes before MECT,continuous qCON monitoring(Apollo-9000A,Chongqing Xideer Medical Equipment Co.,Ltd.,China)was initiated,while monitoring blood pressure,heart rate,and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.Preoxygenation was administered for 3 minutes.The qCON monitor uses three electrodes on the forehead to collect raw electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.The qCON monitoring includes the qCON index,qNOX index,burst suppression(BS),and signal quality index(SQI).",[29,287,288,289],"ECT","Depression","Adolescent","2026-01-06",{"date":292,"type":41},"2026-01-07",{"date":294,"type":41},"2025-11-25",{"date":296,"type":21},"2026-12-20",{"name":298,"class":48},"Min Su",{"id":300,"slug":301,"hasResults":12,"nctId":302,"briefTitle":303,"officialTitle":303,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":304,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":305,"maxAge":306,"enrollmentInfo":307,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":309,"briefSummary":310,"conditions":311,"keywords":317,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":320,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":321,"startDateStruct":323,"completionDateStruct":325,"leadSponsor":327,"locationsCount":205},"100581678","phase-4-determination-of-ed50-and-ed95-with-clinical-efficacy-of-intranasal-dexmedetomidine-combined-with-esketamine-for-preoperative-sedation-in-pediatric-general-anesthesia-100581678","NCT06853431","Determination of ED50 and ED95 With Clinical Efficacy of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Combined With Esketamine for Preoperative Sedation in Pediatric General Anesthesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. ASA physical status classification Grade I or II;\n2. Age 1-6 years old;\n3. Children who need to undergo general anesthesia for elective surgery;\n4. Weight within the normal range;\n5. Signed informed consent form. -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. The child's guardian or the child themselves refuses to participate in the study;\n2. Patients with contraindications for sedation\u002Fanesthesia or a history of abnormal recovery from sedation\u002Fanesthesia;\n3. Individuals known to be allergic to the study drugs, opioid drugs, or rescue medications;\n4. Individuals with a history of heart, brain, liver, kidney, or metabolic diseases;\n5. Individuals with an upper respiratory tract infection within the past two weeks;\n6. Individuals with other diseases that may cause harm to the subject. -","12 Months","72 Months",{"count":308,"type":21},80,[24],"For pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia, poor anesthesia induction compliance often has adverse effects on individual behavior in the early postoperative period. Dexmedetomidine can reduce the cardiovascular responses and postoperative mental adverse reactions caused by esketamine anesthesia induction \\[6\\]. This study aims to explore the ED50 and ED95 and clinical effects of the combination of dexmedetomidine and esketamine nasal drops for preoperative sedation in children of different ages undergoing general anesthesia, providing a theoretical basis for the combined use of dexmedetomidine and esketamine for preoperative sedation in children undergoing general anesthesia.",[312,313,238,30,29,314,315,316],"Preoperative Anxiety","Preoperative Sedation","ED95","ED50","Preoperative Sedation of Children",[312,318,238,30,29,314,315,319],"Preoperative sedation","preoperative sedation of children","2025-11-24",{"date":322,"type":41},"2025-12-02",{"date":324,"type":41},"2025-03-01",{"date":326,"type":21},"2025-11-30",{"name":328,"class":48},"Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University",{"id":330,"slug":331,"hasResults":12,"nctId":332,"briefTitle":333,"officialTitle":334,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":335,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":336,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":338,"briefSummary":339,"conditions":340,"keywords":343,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":344,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":345,"startDateStruct":347,"completionDateStruct":349,"leadSponsor":351,"locationsCount":49},"100522814","phase-4-different-dose-esketamine-and-dexmedetomidine-for-supplemental-analgesia-and-longterm-outcomes-100522814","NCT06087510","Different Dose Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine for Supplemental Analgesia and Longterm Outcomes","Impact of Different Dose Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine Combination for Supplemental Analgesia on Long-term Outcomes After Scoliosis Correction Surgery: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged ≥18 years and body weight≥40 kg;\n* Scheduled to undergo scoliosis correction with pedicle screw fixation;\n* Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 beats per minute), atrioventricular block grade II or above without pacemaker, congenital heart disease, arrhythmia, or other serious cardiovascular diseases with a New York Heart Association class ≥III;\n* Patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed preoperatively or according to the STOP-Bang score;\n* History of hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n* History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, myasthenia gravis;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh grade C), severe renal dysfunction (preoperative dialysis), or American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade ≥IV;\n* Barrier in communication;\n* Other conditions that were considered unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":337,"type":21},312,[24],"Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) refers to pain that occurs or increases after surgery and lasts longer than 3 months. Severe acute postoperative pain is one of the major risk factors of CPSP. Spinal correction surgery is associated with severe pain due to large trauma and long duration. Ketamine and esketamine are N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists; they have antihyperalgesic effects and may reduce CPSP. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic effect; it is frequently used as an adjuvant to postoperative analgesia. In a previous trial of 200 patients after scoliosis correction surgery, mini-dose esketamine-dexmedetomidine in combination with opioids significantly improved analgesia and sleep quality but did not reduce CPSP. The authors speculate that increasing esketamine dose in the combination may further improve analgesia and, therefore, reduce the occurrence of CPSP.",[341,166,29,30,342],"Scoliosis Correction","Chronic Postsurgical Pain",[341,170,29,30,342],"2025-07-29",{"date":346,"type":41},"2025-07-30",{"date":348,"type":41},"2024-01-24",{"date":350,"type":21},"2026-09",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":353,"slug":354,"hasResults":12,"nctId":355,"briefTitle":356,"officialTitle":357,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":358,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":83,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":359,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":361,"briefSummary":362,"conditions":363,"keywords":368,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":344,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":369,"startDateStruct":370,"completionDateStruct":372,"leadSponsor":374,"locationsCount":205},"100512299","phase-4-mini-dose-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-infusion-and-perioperative-sleep-quality-100512299","NCT05950646","Mini-dose Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Infusion and Perioperative Sleep Quality","Effect of Mini-dose Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Infusion on Sleep Quality in Older Patients Undergoing Knee or Hip Replacement Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥65 years and \\\u003C90 years;\n* Scheduled to undergo unilateral knee or hip arthroplasty.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refuse to participate;\n* Hypnotic therapy for sleep disorders within 3 months;\n* Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis;\n* Diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea, or at high risk of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea according to the Stop-Bang questionnaire;\n* Inability to communicate in the preoperative period because of coma, profound dementia, or language barrier;\n* Sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 beats\u002Fmin), or atrioventricular block above grade II without pacemaker implanted;\n* Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), renal dysfunction (required preoperative dialysis), or expected survival ≤24 hours;\n* Receiving treatment with dexmedetomidine, clonidine, or esketamine;\n* Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine.",{"count":360,"type":21},154,[24],"Sleep disturbances are prevalent in older patients with osteoarthrosis or fracture who are scheduled for knee or hip replacement surgery. The occurrence of sleep disturbances is associated with worse outcomes including increased risk of delirium and cardiac events, and worsened functional recovery. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. It exerts sedative effects via activating the endogenous sleep pathways and produces a state like non-rapid eye movement sleep, which is different from opioid- and benzodiazepine-induced sedation. Esketamine is a N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist and has been used as an anesthetic and analgesic. Recent studies showed that low-dose esketamine has anti-depressive and sleep-promoting effects. The investigators suppose that mini-dose dexmedetomidine-esketamine combined infusion at night can improve perioperative sleep quality in patients scheduled for knee or hip replacement surgery.",[364,365,366,30,29,367],"Old Age","Knee Replacement Surgery","Hip Replacement Surgery","Sleep Quality",[364,365,366,30,29,367],{"date":346,"type":41},{"date":371,"type":41},"2023-11-01",{"date":373,"type":21},"2025-12",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":376,"slug":377,"hasResults":12,"nctId":378,"briefTitle":379,"officialTitle":380,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":381,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":382,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":384,"briefSummary":385,"conditions":386,"keywords":391,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":392,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":393,"startDateStruct":395,"completionDateStruct":397,"leadSponsor":399,"locationsCount":400},"100552080","dexmedetomidine-esketamine-combination-for-sedation-and-analgesia-in-icu-patients-100552080","NCT06468436","Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination for Sedation and Analgesia in ICU Patients","Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination for Sedation and Analgesia on Delirium in ICU Patients With Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged ≥18 years;\n2. Receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU, with an expected duration ≥24 hours;\n3. Require sedation as judged by ICU physicians.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Pregnant or lactating women;\n2. History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis;\n3. Unable to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, or language barrier prior to invasive\u002Fnon-invasive mechanical ventilation;\n4. After stroke, hypoxic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, or neurosurgery;\n5. Comorbid with hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;\n6. Left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C30%, sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 bpm), second-degree or higher atrioventricular block without a pacemaker, or systolic blood pressure \\\u003C90 mmHg despite use of vasopressors;\n7. Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh Class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or expected survival ≤24 hours;\n8. Allergy to dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine, or any other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":383,"type":21},1508,[136],"Patients with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop anxiety and agitation, sleep distuebances, and delirium. Delirium occurrence is associated with worse early and long-term outcomes. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine are recommended for sedation and analgesia in ICU patients, but each may induce side effects. The sedative effects of dexmedetomidine can help mitigate the psychiatric side effects of esketamine. Recent studies showed that dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination improved analgesia and sleep quality without increasing psychiatric side effects. This trial is designed to test the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination for sedation and analgesia in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation may reduce delirium and improve respiratory recovery.",[387,388,389,30,29,390],"Aged","Intensive Care Units","Ventilators, Mechanical","Delirium",[387,388,389,30,29,390],"2025-07-28",{"date":394,"type":41},"2025-07-31",{"date":396,"type":21},"2025-11",{"date":398,"type":21},"2030-12-01",{"name":47,"class":48},3,{"id":402,"slug":403,"hasResults":12,"nctId":404,"briefTitle":405,"officialTitle":406,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":407,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":408,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":410,"briefSummary":411,"conditions":412,"keywords":415,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":392,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":416,"startDateStruct":417,"completionDateStruct":419,"leadSponsor":420,"locationsCount":205},"100546764","phase-4-effect-of-dexmedetomidine-and-esketamine-on-catheter-related-bladder-discomfort-100546764","NCT06399185","Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort","Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Surgery: a 2 x 2 Factorial Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 18 years or above;\n* Scheduled to undergo transurethral bladder or prostate surgery (including transurethral resection of bladder tumor, transurethral resection of prostate, and transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy) under general anesthesia;\n* Required postoperative retention of a three-chamber urinary catheter.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Indwelling urinary catheters or chronic analgesic therapy for ≥1 month before surgery;\n* Uncontrolled hypertension before surgery (resting ward systolic pressure \\>180 mmHg or diastolic pressure \\>110 mmHg);\n* Severe bradycardia (heart rate ≤50 beats per minute), sick sinus syndrome, or atrioventricular block of degree II or above without pacemaker, or having myocardial infarction, severe heart insufficiency (New York Heart Association class ≥3), or tachyarrhythmia within a year;\n* Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, or intracranial hypertension;\n* Preoperative history of hyperthyroidism and pheochromocytoma;\n* Inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, or language barrier before surgery;\n* Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh grade C), severe renal dysfunction (receiving dialysis before surgery), or Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥IV;\n* Scheduled admission to the intensive care unit with endotracheal intubation after surgery;\n* Other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":409,"type":21},1740,[24],"Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is common in patients awaking from general anesthesia with an urinary catheter. We suppose that that use of dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine during anesthesia may reduce the occurrence of CRBD. This 2x2 factorial randomized trial is designed to explore the effects of esketamine, dexmedetomidine, and their combination on the occurrence CRBD in patients undergoing transurethral urological surgery.",[413,414,30,29],"Urinary Catheter","Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort",[413,414,30,29],{"date":394,"type":41},{"date":418,"type":41},"2024-06-06",{"date":221,"type":21},{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":422,"slug":423,"hasResults":12,"nctId":424,"briefTitle":425,"officialTitle":426,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":427,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":158,"enrollmentInfo":428,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":430,"briefSummary":431,"conditions":432,"keywords":436,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":437,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":438,"startDateStruct":440,"completionDateStruct":442,"leadSponsor":444,"locationsCount":205},"100427282","phase-4-immunoinflammatory-regulation-of-esketamine-in-septic-patients-100427282","NCT04843982","Immunoinflammatory Regulation of Esketamine in Septic Patients","Effects of Esketamine Combined With Propofol for Sedation on Systemic Inflammation and Immune Function in Septic Patients in the ICU: a Single-center, Non-blind, Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18 years old ≤ age ≤60 years old;\n* SOFA score ≥2;\n* Mechanical ventilation should be required for at least 24 hours when included in the study;\n* Informed consent is obtained.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C 18 years old or ≥ 60 years old;\n* Previous solid organ or bone marrow transplantation;\n* Autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.), or hematologic malignancies (leukemia and lymphoma, etc.);\n* Received radiotherapy or chemotherapy within the past 30 days, or received immunosuppressant drugs (tripterygium wilfordii, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, FK506, etc.), or continuous treatment with prednisolone more than 10 mg\u002Fday (or equivalent doses of the other hormones);\n* Unstable angina pectoris or myocardial infarction in the past six months;\n* Acute brain injury (traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke, acute intracranial hemorrhage, acute intracranial infection, etc.);\n* Poorly controlled hypertension and congestive heart failure;\n* Increased intraocular or intracranial pressure;\n* Chronic kidney disease, received continuous renal replacement therapy in the past 30 days, or acute renal failure requiring CRRT;\n* Severe chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh class B or C);\n* Alcohol dependence, mental illness or severe cognitive impairment;\n* Pregnancy or lactation;\n* Informed consent is not obtained.",{"count":429,"type":21},100,[24],"Studies have shown that excessive systemic inflammatory response and concomitant immunosuppression are the main cause of early death in patients with sepsis. Therefore, it is very important to reduce excessive inflammation and improve immunosuppression in the acute phase of sepsis. Clinical studies have shown that esketamine combined with propofol for sedation has been proven to be safe and effective for septic patients in the ICU due to its cardiovascular stability. Previous studies have demonstrated that esketamine has anti-inflammatory effects against depression and surgical stress. Our preliminary experimental studies have found that esketamine had strong anti-inflammatory effects in the acute phase of sepsis. However, it is not clear whether esketamine could reduce excessive inflammation and improve immunosuppression in septic patients primarily sedated with a continuous infusion of propofol.\n\nThis intervention study is to investigate whether three consecutive days of intravenous esketamine infusions via infusion pump (0.07 mg\u002Fkg\u002Fh) could reduce excessive inflammation and improve immunosuppression in septic patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU under sedation primarily with propofol.",[29,433,434,435],"Sepsis","Inflammatory Response","Immunosuppression",[29,433,434,435],"2025-07-17",{"date":439,"type":41},"2025-07-18",{"date":441,"type":41},"2021-07-28",{"date":443,"type":21},"2026-10-30",{"name":445,"class":48},"Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology",{"id":447,"slug":448,"hasResults":12,"nctId":449,"briefTitle":450,"officialTitle":451,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":452,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":453,"maxAge":454,"enrollmentInfo":455,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":457,"briefSummary":458,"conditions":459,"keywords":462,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":464,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":465,"startDateStruct":467,"completionDateStruct":468,"leadSponsor":470,"locationsCount":4},"100597754","etomidate-and-esketamine-on-postoperative-pain-after-tonsillectomy-undergoing-children-100597754","NCT07062601","Etomidate and Esketamine on Postoperative Pain After Tonsillectomy Undergoing Children","Effect of Etomidate and Esketamine on Postoperative Pain After Tonsillectomy Undergoing Children With General Anesthesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children who underwent elective tonsillectomy\n* Aged 2-10 years old\n* ASA class I-II\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children with hepatic or renal dysfunction\n* Those with increased intracranial or intra-ocular pressure\n* Children with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and any other psychiatric condition\n* Children with preexisting chronic pain\n* Children with preoperative combined sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block","2 Years","10 Years",{"count":456,"type":21},64,[136],"Objective: To explore the effect of etomidate and esketamine on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in children.\n\nMethods: Investigators enrolled 64 children with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, aged 2-10 years, and scheduled for elective undergoing tonsillectomy with general anesthesia. All the enrolled patients were randomly divided into etomidate and fentanyl group (Group A) and etomidate and esketamine group (Group B). In the etomidate-fentanyl group (group A), 0.3 mg\u002Fkg etomidate and 4 µg\u002Fkg fentanyl were given at the induction of anesthesia, followed by continuous infusion of propofol at 4-12 mg\u002Fkg\u002Fh and remifentanil at 3-6 µg\u002Fkg\u002Fh until the end of the surgery, respectively; in the etomidate-esketamine group (group B), induction of anesthesia with 0.3 mg\u002Fkg etomidate and 0.5 mg\u002Fkg esketamine , followed by continuous infusion of propofol at 4-12 mg\u002Fkg\u002Fh and remifentanil at 3-6 µg\u002Fkg\u002Fh until the end of the operation. Anesthesiologists who were unaware of the grouping recorded the FlACC Pain Scale at 2 h, 8 h, and 24 h after surgery.",[460,29,461,238],"Etomidate","Tonsillectomy",[460,463,461],"Esketomine","2025-07-10",{"date":466,"type":41},"2025-07-14",{"date":464,"type":21},{"date":469,"type":21},"2025-11-15",{"name":471,"class":48},"Anqing Municipal Hospital",{"id":473,"slug":474,"hasResults":12,"nctId":475,"briefTitle":476,"officialTitle":477,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":478,"healthyVolunteers":82,"sex":57,"minAge":453,"maxAge":479,"enrollmentInfo":480,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":482,"briefSummary":483,"conditions":484,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":486,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":487,"startDateStruct":488,"completionDateStruct":490,"leadSponsor":492,"locationsCount":49},"100596802","application-of-remimazolam-dexmedetomidine-and-esketamine-in-pediatric-preoperative-sedation-100596802","NCT07050212","Application of Remimazolam, Dexmedetomidine, and Esketamine in Pediatric Preoperative Sedation","A Comparative Study of the Application of Remimazolam, Dexmedetomidine, and Esketamine in Pediatric Preoperative Sedation","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Children aged 2 to 5 years old\n2. the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of Class I\n3. scheduled for adenotonsillectomy under general anesthesia, will be included.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Abnormal lung function and respiratory system function\n2. airway obstruction or deformity, history of mental illness\n3. electrocardiogram indicating bradycardia\n4. history of cardiac disease","5 Years",{"count":481,"type":21},150,[136],"By comparing the application effects of three drugs in pediatric preoperative sedation, this study explores the optimal medication regimen, aiming to provide safer, more effective, and more personalized medication options for pediatric preoperative sedation. Additionally, this research will also focus on the impact of these three drugs on postoperative agitation in children, offering valuable references for the overall management of pediatric surgical anesthesia.",[485,30,29],"Remimazolam","2025-07-04",{"date":464,"type":41},{"date":489,"type":41},"2025-04-01",{"date":491,"type":21},"2026-03-01",{"name":493,"class":48},"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province",{"id":495,"slug":496,"hasResults":12,"nctId":497,"briefTitle":498,"officialTitle":499,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":500,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":83,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":501,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":503,"briefSummary":504,"conditions":505,"keywords":512,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":515,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":516,"startDateStruct":518,"completionDateStruct":520,"leadSponsor":522,"locationsCount":106},"100578895","effect-of-low-dose-esketamine-on-delirium-in-high-risk-elderly-patients-undergoing-elective-surgery-element-100578895","NCT06817239","Effect of Low-dose EsketaMine on dElirium in High-risk Elderly Patients uNdergoing elecTive Surgery (ELEMENT)","Effect of Perioperative Low-dose EsketaMine on dElirium in High-risk Elderly Patients uNdergoing elecTive Major Non-cardiac Surgery: a Multi-center Randomized Trial (ELEMENT Trial)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥65 years and \\\u003C90 years;\n* Scheduled to undergo major non-cardiac surgery.\n* Fulfill at least one of risk factors as follows: history of stroke; history of delirium; hypertension; congestive heart failure; coronary artery disease; atrial fibrillation; peripheral artery disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; obstructive sleep apnea; diabetes; chronic kidney disease; anemia; malnutrition; hypoalbuminemia; chronic pain; anxiety and depression; poor sleep quality; smoke; alcoholism.\n* Scheduled to receive patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refuse to participate;\n* Preoperative history of epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, intracranial hypertension, delirium, schizophrenia, or other psychiatric diseases;\n* Inability to communicate in the preoperative period because of coma, profound dementia, or language barrier;\n* Preoperative uncontrolled severe hypertension (baseline SBP\\>180 mmHg or DBP\\>110 mmHg);\n* Preoperative history of hyperthyroidism and pheochromocytoma;\n* Acute cardiovascular event occurring within 30 days before surgery;\n* Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), renal dysfunction (required preoperative dialysis), or expected survival ≤24 hours;\n* Scheduled to undergo organ transplantation, vascular surgery, neurosurgery;\n* Receiving treatment with ketamine or esketamine;\n* Contradiction to ketamine or esketamine;\n* Other situations where the investigator or physician considers the patient ineligible for the study.",{"count":502,"type":21},1670,[136],"Delirium is an acutely occurred neurocognitive disorder characterized by fluctuating symptoms of inattention, altered consciousness and cognitive dysfunction. Delirium is reported to occur in 4% to 65% of postoperative patients depending on the population, and is especially common in older patients. Postoperative delirium is disturbing to patients and their families, and it is a strong predictor of both early and long-term worse outcomes including increased non-delirium complications, increased perioperative mortality, shortened overall survival, declined cognitive function, and lowered quality of life.\n\nAlthough ketamine\u002Fesketamine has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, evidence on its efficacy in reducing postoperative delirium remains inconsistent and inconclusive. Existing studies are limited by heterogeneity, small sample sizes, single-center designs, and a focus on specific type of surgery. Research on elderly high-risk patients is lacking, and most studies administer the drug intraoperatively, with limited exploration of postoperative use. The optimal dosing and timing for POD prevention are unclear. This study aims to carry out a multicenter, single-blind, placebo-controlled, large-sample randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of low-dose esketamine, given intraoperatively and postoperatively, on delirium in elderly high-risk patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery.",[506,507,508,509,510,29,511],"Delirium in Old Age","Delirium, Postoperative","Anesthesia","Cognitive Dysfunction","Pain, Postoperative","Non-cardiac Surgery",[390,513,29,514],"Elderly patients","Non-cardiac surgery","2025-04-23",{"date":517,"type":41},"2025-04-27",{"date":519,"type":41},"2025-02-12",{"date":521,"type":21},"2027-07",{"name":523,"class":48},"Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University",{"id":525,"slug":526,"hasResults":12,"nctId":527,"briefTitle":528,"officialTitle":529,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":530,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":531,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":533,"briefSummary":534,"conditions":535,"keywords":539,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":545,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":546,"startDateStruct":548,"completionDateStruct":549,"leadSponsor":550,"locationsCount":49},"100582175","phase-4-dexmedetomidine-esketamine-combination-and-sleep-disturbances-after-major-noncardiac-surgery-100582175","NCT06859892","Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination and Sleep Disturbances After Major Noncardiac Surgery","Effect of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination on Sleep Disturbances After Major Noncardiac Surgery: a Single-center, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Aged ≥18 years.\n2. Scheduled for major noncardiac surgery (≥60 minutes) under general anesthesia with an expected end of surgery no later than 18:00 pm.\n3. Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Emergency surgery, transurethral surgery, organ transplantation.\n2. Pregnant or lactating women.\n3. Patients who need hypnotics for sleep disturbance or antidepressants for depression prior to surgery.\n4. History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis.\n5. Inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, or speech disorders, endured hypoxic encephalopathy or traumatic brain injury, or after neurosurgery.\n6. Comorbid with hyperthyroidism and pheochromocytoma.\n7. Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C30%, sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 beats\u002Fmin), atrioventricular block of degree II or higher without pacemaker implantation, or systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg despite use of vasopressors.\n8. Diagnosed as sleep apnea, or judged to be at high risk of moderate-to-severe sleep apnea as assessed by STOP-Bang.\n9. Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (on dialysis), or ASA classification ≥IV.\n10. Hypersensitive to dexmedetomidine and\u002For esketamine.\n11. Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.",{"count":532,"type":21},476,[24],"Sleep disturbances are common early after major surgery, and are associated with delayed recovery. A previous study showed that dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination as a supplement to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia improved postoperative analgesia and subjective sleep quality in patients after scoliosis correction surgery. The purpose of this trial is to test the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination used as a supplement during general anesthesia and postoperative intravenous analgesia may reduce sleep disturbances in adult after major noncardiac surgery.",[536,537,30,29,538],"Adults","Major Noncardiac Surgery","Postoperative Sleep Disturbances",[540,541,542,543,544],"adults","major noncardiac surgery","dexmedetomidine","esketamine","postoperative sleep disturbances","2025-03-18",{"date":547,"type":41},"2025-03-19",{"date":545,"type":41},{"date":203,"type":21},{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":552,"slug":553,"hasResults":12,"nctId":554,"briefTitle":555,"officialTitle":555,"acronym":556,"eligibilityCriteria":557,"healthyVolunteers":82,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":83,"enrollmentInfo":558,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":560,"briefSummary":561,"conditions":562,"keywords":565,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":570,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":571,"startDateStruct":572,"completionDateStruct":573,"leadSponsor":575,"locationsCount":49},"100579268","phase-4-effects-of-esketamine-on-oxygenation-and-quality-of-recovery-in-patients-undergoing-thoracoscopic-surgery-100579268","NCT06822088","Effects of Esketamine on Oxygenation and Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery","OLV;Esk","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under elective general anesthesia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University;\n* Age 18-65 years old;\n* BMI18\\~30 kg\u002Fm2;\n* American Society of Anesthesiologistsgrade I\\~III;\n* No contraindications to drugs;\n* All patients and their families agreed to participate in this study and signed informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate \\\u003C50 beats\u002Fmin) and atrioventricular block;\n* Respiratory infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or hormone drugs taken within 2 weeks before surgery;\n* severe liver and kidney dysfunction and immune system diseases, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes;\n* History of preoperative chemoradiotherapy.",{"count":559,"type":21},126,[24],"A total of 126 patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: normal saline group (Group C), dexmedetomidine group (Group D), and esketamine group (Group E),with 42 patients in each group.In Group C,an equal volume of normal saline was continuously infused. In Group D,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine (1 μg\u002Fkg) was administered 10 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1 until 30 minutes before the end of the surgery. In Group E, 0.2mg\u002Fkg esketamine was infused intravenously before the induction of anesthesia for 10 min, and then maintained at 0.15 mg·kg-1·h-1 until 30 minutes before the end of the surgery. The primary outcome measures of this study were the oxygenation index (OI) at the following time points: before one-lung ventilation (OLV) (T1), 30 minutes after OLV initiation (T2), and 60 minutes after OLV initiation (T3). The secondary outcome measures included: (1)The duration of OLV, blood loss, fluid infusion volume, the dosages of propofol, remifentanil and vasoactive drugs(ephedrine and atropine) were recorded in each group.(2)Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at the following time points: upon entering the operating room (T0), before OLV (T1), 30 minutes after OLV initiation (T2), 60 minutes after OLV initiation (T3), before extubation (T4), and 5 minutes after extubation (T5).(3)Blood gas anlaysis parameters,airway plateau pressure,tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure were recorded from T1 to T3，and dynamic lung compliance and intrapulmonary shunt fraction were calculated.(4) White blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage,and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively.(5)Postoperative pain was evaluated using the visual analogue score (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, and the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia in each group was recorded. The occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions and postoperative pulmonary complications (PCCs) within one week after surgery were recorded. The postoperative quality of recovery was evaluated using the QOR-15 scale at 24 and 48 hours after surgery,and the postoperative hospital stay was recorded.",[29,563,564],"One-lung Ventilation","Oxygenation Indices",[543,566,567,568,569],"one-lung ventilation","Oxygenation","Intrapulmonary shunt fraction","Lung protection","2025-02-06",{"date":519,"type":41},{"date":324,"type":21},{"date":574,"type":21},"2026-03-20",{"name":576,"class":48},"Jinqiao Qian",{"id":578,"slug":579,"hasResults":12,"nctId":580,"briefTitle":581,"officialTitle":582,"acronym":583,"eligibilityCriteria":584,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":83,"enrollmentInfo":585,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":587,"briefSummary":588,"conditions":589,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":570,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":592,"startDateStruct":594,"completionDateStruct":596,"leadSponsor":598,"locationsCount":49},"100575504","effect-of-subanesthetic-dose-of-esketamine-on-sleep-quality-100575504","NCT06773143","Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Sleep Quality","Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Sleep Quality in Patients With Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy","EOSDOEOSQ","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer by pathology and immunohistochemistry\n2. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy\n3. Age 18 to 65 years old; d) ;\n4. ASA grade Ⅰ - Ⅲ\n5. BMI 18 to 30 kg\u002Fm2\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* 1: Patients refuse to participate in the study\n\n  2: BMI \\> 30 kg\u002Fm2\n\n  3: Recent history of drug abuse\n\n  4: Allergy to or contraindications to esketamine\n\n  5: Cognitive dysfunction or inability to communicate\n\n  6: Severe dysfunction of important organs such as liver and kidney function",{"count":586,"type":21},184,[136],"The goal of this clinical trial is to explore whether subanesthetic doses of esketamine can improve the sleep quality of patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. In this study, 184 people are expected to participate from admission to three days after surgery.\n\nThe process requires participants to cooperate with the completion of the digital rating scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Visual Analog Pain Rating Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, and the collection of venous blood for research indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, cor, BDNF).\n\nIf participants agree to participate in this study, the investigators will assign a unique identification number to each participant and create a medical record for participants.\n\nOne day before surgery, the investigators will conduct assessments using the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Visual Analog Pain Rating Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and collect approximately 6 mL of venous blood.\n\nOne day after surgery, the investigators will repeat the assessments using the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Visual Analog Pain Rating Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, the investigators will collect another 6 mL of venous blood and monitor the use of analgesics.\n\nThe investigators will follow up with participants three days after the surgery. During this follow-up, investigators will assess any sleep disturbances, administer the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and review the use of analgesics.",[590,591,29],"Insomnia","Breast Cancer Surgery",{"date":593,"type":41},"2025-02-10",{"date":595,"type":41},"2024-12-30",{"date":597,"type":21},"2027-04-30",{"name":599,"class":48},"Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University",{"id":601,"slug":602,"hasResults":12,"nctId":603,"briefTitle":604,"officialTitle":604,"acronym":605,"eligibilityCriteria":606,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":607,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":609,"briefSummary":611,"conditions":612,"keywords":617,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":625,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":626,"startDateStruct":628,"completionDateStruct":630,"leadSponsor":632,"locationsCount":49},"100520028","phase-3-fentanyl-or-esketamine-for-traumatic-pain-fore-pain-trial-100520028","NCT06051227","Fentanyl or Esketamine for Traumatic PAIN (FORE-PAIN) Trial","FORE-PAIN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* age ≥ 18 years\n* pain has been caused by a trauma (any trauma mechanism) that occurred on the same day\n* Emergency Medical Services personnel determines that administration of a strong opioid or esketamine for analgesia is required\n* patient will be transported to a hospital\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* (estimated) weight \\\u003C40 or \\>100 kg\n* subject does not understand Dutch or English\n* inability to report pain score\n* inability to give IN or IV medication\n* known severe cardiovascular disease\n* pre-eclampsia\n* Glasgow Coma Scale score \\\u003C 11\n* subject is known to have previously declined participation in medical research",{"count":608,"type":21},608,[610],"PHASE3","Fentanyl and esketamine are both standard of care for treatment of acute severe traumatic pain in the prehospital setting in the Netherlands. However, it is not known whether they are equally effective and safe. It is also not known whether intranasal (IN) administration of fentanyl or esketamine is equally effective and safe as intravenous (IV) administration.\n\nThe FORE-PAIN trial is a double-blind multi-arm randomized non-inferiority trial comparing Fentanyl IN, esketamine IV and esketamine IN (intervention arms) to fentanyl IV (comparator arm) for prehospital management of traumatic pain. The investigators hypothesize that all intervention arms provide analgesia that is non-inferior to the comparator arm, and that all study arms are equally safe.",[613,614,615,29,616],"Acute Pain Due to Trauma","Analgesia","Fentanyl","Emergency Medical Services",[618,619,620,621,622,623,624],"Analgesics","Ketanest","Administration, intranasal","Administration, intravenous","Pain management","Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","Anesthetics","2025-01-28",{"date":627,"type":41},"2025-01-30",{"date":629,"type":41},"2024-01-11",{"date":631,"type":21},"2026-03",{"name":633,"class":48},"Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)",{"id":635,"slug":636,"hasResults":12,"nctId":637,"briefTitle":638,"officialTitle":639,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":640,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":57,"minAge":18,"maxAge":83,"enrollmentInfo":641,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":643,"briefSummary":644,"conditions":645,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":141,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":647,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":648,"startDateStruct":650,"completionDateStruct":652,"leadSponsor":654,"locationsCount":49},"100550788","esketamine-on-postoperative-sleep-disturbance-of-patients-undergoing-spinal-surgery-100550788","NCT06451627","Esketamine on Postoperative Sleep Disturbance of Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery","Esketamine on Postoperative Sleep Disturbance of Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery：A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-65 years old,\n* American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) Physical Status classification I to III ;\n* Patients scheduled to undergo elective spinal surgery under general anesthesia;\n* Signed informed consent ;\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* BMI \\> 35kg \u002F m2 ;\n* Severe lesions of important organs and systems ;\n* The estimated duration of surgery is more than 4 hours\n* Patients who were retained tracheal intubation or admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) postoperatively.\n* History of adverse reactions or contraindications to ketamine and esketamine ;\n* Cognitive dysfunction, communication disorders ;\n* Refused to participate in this study.",{"count":642,"type":21},156,[136],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the effect of intraoperative esketamine infusion on postoperative sleep disturbance(PSD) of patients undergoing spinal surgery. The main aims to answer are:\n\n* To explore the effect of intraoperative infusion of esketamine on the incidence of postoperative sleep disturbance and sleep quality in patients undergoing spinal surgery.\n* To explore the effect of intraoperative infusion of esketamine on postoperative pain, anxiety and depression ; Participants will be patients undergoing spinal surgery with general anesthesia at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. 0.3mg\u002Fkg\u002Fh esketamine or saline will be infused during surgery . The incidence of sleep disturbance , sleep quality, pain scores, hospital anxiety and depression scores and perioperative adverse events after surgery will be investigated.",[29,646,164],"Sleep Disturbance","2025-01-22",{"date":649,"type":41},"2025-01-24",{"date":651,"type":41},"2024-06-10",{"date":653,"type":21},"2026-01-28",{"name":149,"class":48}]