[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"fear-of-childbirth\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:fear-of-childbirth":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,12,0,[8,52,81,115,148,173,196,224,250,275,299,323],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":32,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":40,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":41,"startDateStruct":44,"completionDateStruct":46,"leadSponsor":48,"locationsCount":51},"100641373","mindfulness-based-intervention-in-primiparous-pregnant-women-100641373",false,"NCT07660471","Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Primiparous Pregnant Women","Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Childbirth Self-Efficacy, Fear of Childbirth, and Self-Compassion in Primiparous Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial","MBCP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18 years and older\n* Primiparous women\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* Gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks\n* No known obstetric complications\n* Ability to read and understand Turkish\n* Attendance at the Pregnancy School of the Healthy Life Center\n* Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent\n* Willingness to participate in the mindfulness-based intervention program\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Multiple pregnancy\n* High-risk obstetric complications (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa)\n* Diagnosed severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder)\n* Substance or alcohol dependence\n* Previous participation in a structured mindfulness, meditation, or similar awareness-based program\n* Inability to attend intervention sessions regularly",true,"FEMALE","18 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},128,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, and self-compassion among primiparous pregnant women. Eligible pregnant women will be randomly assigned to either a mindfulness intervention group or a control group receiving routine antenatal education and standard prenatal care. The intervention program will consist of eight sessions delivered over four weeks. Outcomes will be assessed before and after the intervention using validated measurement tools. The findings may contribute to the development of effective psychosocial interventions to improve maternal well-being during pregnancy.",[28,29,30,31],"Pregnancy","Fear of Childbirth","Childbirth Self-efficacy","Self-Compassion",[33,34,28,35,29,36,31,37,38],"Mindfulness","Mindfulness-Based Intervention","Primiparous Pregnant Women","Childbirth Self-Efficacy","Maternal Mental Health","Randomized Controlled Trial","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-16",{"date":42,"type":43},"2026-06-22","ACTUAL",{"date":45,"type":22},"2026-06-01",{"date":47,"type":22},"2026-10-31",{"name":49,"class":50},"Agri Ibrahim Cecen University","OTHER",1,{"id":53,"slug":54,"hasResults":11,"nctId":55,"briefTitle":56,"officialTitle":57,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":58,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":59,"enrollmentInfo":60,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":62,"briefSummary":63,"conditions":64,"keywords":65,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":72,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":73,"startDateStruct":75,"completionDateStruct":77,"leadSponsor":79,"locationsCount":51},"100639182","mindfulness-psychoeducation-based-on-transtheoretical-model-for-fear-of-childbirth-100639182","NCT07624253","Mindfulness Psychoeducation Based on Transtheoretical Model for Fear of Childbirth","The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Provided According to the Transtheoretical Model on Fear of Childbirth, Self-Perception, and Spiritual Well-Being in Pregnant Women With Fear of Childbirth","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Willing to participate in the study,\n* Aged between 18-40 years,\n* Primigravida (first pregnancy),\n* Not having received any childbirth preparation class,\n* Scoring 38 or above on the Wijma Delivery Expectancy\u002FExperience Questionnaire,\n* Between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation,\n* Having a healthy pregnancy,\n* Having a singleton pregnancy,\n* Carrying a live fetus,\n* Not in active labor,\n* Able to speak Turkish and without any language, comprehension, or communication problems to understand and answer the questions.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Those who do not agree to participate in the study,\n* Pregnant women under 18 years of age and over 41 years of age,\n* Diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy,\n* Illiterate,\n* Having a contagious disease,\n* Having a current or past psychiatric disorder requiring treatment,\n* Having mobility, hearing, or psychological disabilities,\n* With a gestational age below 20 weeks or above 32 weeks,\n* Those who have entered active labor.\n\nWithdrawal \u002F Exclusion Criteria\n\n* Participants who withdraw consent and wish to leave the study during the study period,\n* Participants who are unable to adapt to the intervention process,\n* Participants experiencing communication or internet connectivity problems,\n* Participants who develop complications during the intervention (e.g., onset of labor, decreased fetal movements, etc.) requiring hospitalization will be excluded from the study.","40 Years",{"count":61,"type":22},72,[25],"Childbirth is a significant life event with important physical and psychological effects on pregnant women. Due to uncertainty during pregnancy, many women experience fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth is a common condition that may negatively affect maternal well-being. Therefore, various psychosocial interventions have been developed to reduce this condition. Mindfulness-based approaches and psychoeducation programs are considered effective methods for reducing stress, anxiety, and fear by promoting non-judgmental awareness of the present moment.\n\nThis study is designed as a randomized controlled experimental trial. The study population will consist of pregnant women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Training and Research Hospital who meet the inclusion criteria. The sample size was calculated using G\\*Power 3.1.9.7 software. Based on an effect size of f = 0.38, 80% statistical power, and a 5% significance level, a minimum of 30 participants was required. Considering a 20% potential dropout rate, a total of 72 pregnant women (36 intervention and 36 control) will be included in the study.\n\nThe inclusion criteria are being between 18 and 40 years of age, having a first pregnancy, being between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation, having a singleton and healthy pregnancy, being able to communicate in Turkish, and scoring 38 or higher on the Wijma Delivery Expectancy\u002FExperience Questionnaire (Version A). Women with high-risk pregnancies, a history of psychiatric disorders, illiteracy, communication problems, or unwillingness to participate will be excluded. Withdrawal during the study, development of pregnancy complications, or inability to continue the intervention will be considered exclusion criteria.\n\nData will be collected using a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy\u002FExperience Questionnaire (W-DEQ A), the Self-Perception Scale for Pregnant Women, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The W-DEQ A measures fear of childbirth, the Self-Perception Scale assesses maternal and body perception during pregnancy, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale evaluates the level of spiritual well-being.\n\nAt the beginning of the study, eligible participants will be informed about the research and written informed consent will be obtained. Data collection forms will first be administered face-to-face. Pregnant women scoring 38 or above on the W-DEQ A will then be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using a computer-based randomization method (randomizer.org).\n\nThe intervention group will receive a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program adapted according to the Transtheoretical Model. The intervention will be delivered in group sessions of 6-10 participants, twice a week for 4 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 45-60 minutes. The program includes psychoeducation about pregnancy and childbirth, mindfulness exercises, emotional awareness activities, and coping strategies for fear of childbirth.\n\nThe control group will receive routine obstetric care only. Post-intervention assessments will be conducted in both groups using the same measurement tools.\n\nData analysis will be performed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics will be calculated, and depending on data distribution, independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test will be used. The level of statistical significance will be set at p \\\u003C 0.05.\n\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model on fear of childbirth, self-perception, and spiritual well-being in pregnant women experiencing fear of childbirth.",[29,28],[66,67,68,69,70,71],"fear of childbirth","pregnancy","mindfulness","psychoeducation","self-perception","spiritual well-being","2026-05-31",{"date":74,"type":43},"2026-06-03",{"date":76,"type":22},"2026-07-15",{"date":78,"type":22},"2028-07-15",{"name":80,"class":50},"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University",{"id":82,"slug":83,"hasResults":11,"nctId":84,"briefTitle":85,"officialTitle":86,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":87,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":59,"enrollmentInfo":88,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":90,"briefSummary":91,"conditions":92,"keywords":97,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":106,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":107,"startDateStruct":109,"completionDateStruct":111,"leadSponsor":113,"locationsCount":51},"100634646","effects-of-midwife-guided-birth-affirmation-cards-on-labor-process-and-experience-n-primigravidas-100634646","NCT07542392","Effects of Midwife-guided biırth Affirmation Cards on Labor Process and Experience ın Primigravidas","Effect of Midwife-Guided Birth Affirmation Cards on Labor Duration, Pain, Fear, Control and Perceived Support in Primigravidas: A Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Having a singleton pregnancy between 37-42 weeks of gestation\n* Being between 18-40 years of age\n* Being a primigravida\n* Having a cephalic presentation with vertex position\n* Being in the active phase of labor (cervical dilatation ≥4 cm)\n* Accepting non-invasive interventions\n* Having no mental or physical disability\n* Being able to understand and speak Turkish\n* Willingness to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* High-risk pregnancies\n* Pregnant women at risk of intrapartum complications (e.g., oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, intrauterine fetal demise, placenta previa, placental abruption, acute fetal distress, preeclampsia, fetal dystocia, macrosomia, etc.)\n* Pregnant women with a history of medical or obstetric complications\n* Women who have attended antenatal education classes (pregnancy school)\n* Women using epidural analgesia or other pharmacological pain management methods\n* Women experiencing communication difficulties\n* Women who are unwilling to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria from the Study\n* Experiencing dizziness, shortness of breath, or other discomfort,\n* Difficult and prolonged labor, instrumental delivery, placental retention, postpartum hemorrhage, need for neonatal intensive care,\n* Situations requiring emergency cesarean section during labor,\n* The woman will be excluded from the study if she ceases to cooperate during labor.",{"count":89,"type":22},60,[25],"The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of midwife-guided birth affirmation cards on labor duration, pain level, fear of childbirth, perceived control, and perceived support in primigravidas. The study seeks to determine whether this non-pharmacological approach used during labor improves the childbirth experience. Accordingly, the research aims to answer the question: \"Do midwife-guided birth affirmation cards affect labor duration and the childbirth experience, including pain, fear, perceived control, and perceived support, in primigravidas?\"",[93,94,29,95,96],"Duration of Labor","Labor Pain","Control (Internet Only)","Support",[98,99,66,100,101,102,103,104],"Affirmation cards","labor pain","perceived control","perceived support","midwifery care","primigravida","non-pharmacological methods","RECRUITING","2026-05-18",{"date":108,"type":43},"2026-05-19",{"date":110,"type":43},"2026-03-27",{"date":112,"type":22},"2026-08-31",{"name":114,"class":50},"KTO Karatay University",{"id":116,"slug":117,"hasResults":11,"nctId":118,"briefTitle":119,"officialTitle":120,"acronym":121,"eligibilityCriteria":122,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":124,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":126,"briefSummary":127,"conditions":128,"keywords":130,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":140,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":141,"startDateStruct":142,"completionDateStruct":144,"leadSponsor":146,"locationsCount":51},"100638112","midwife-led-antenatal-perineal-massage-education-in-primiparous-pregnant-women-100638112","NCT07593326","Midwife-Led Antenatal Perineal Massage Education in Primiparous Pregnant Women","The Effect of Midwife-Led Antenatal Perineal Massage Education on Pregnancy Empowerment, Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth, and Fear of Childbirth","APM-EDU","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 18 to 35 years\n* At least primary school graduates\n* Able to communicate in Turkish\n* Between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation\n* Primiparous pregnant women\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* Planning vaginal birth\n* Able to use a smartphone\n* Having internet access\n* Willing to participate in the study and providing informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Having an indication for planned cesarean section\n* History of perineal surgery\n* Presence of active genital infection or genital lesion\n* Cognitive, communication-related, or psychiatric condition that may prevent completion of the study forms\n* Refusal to participate in the study\n* Withdrawal from the study during the study process\n* Failure to complete the educational intervention\n* Missing pre-test or post-test data","35 Years",{"count":125,"type":22},152,[25],"This study aims to evaluate the effect of midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education on pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women. The study is designed as a controlled quasi-experimental study and will be conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital in Mersin, Turkey.\n\nEligible participants will be primiparous pregnant women aged 18-35 years, between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, with a singleton pregnancy and a plan for vaginal birth. Participants in the intervention group will receive structured antenatal perineal massage education led by a midwife, in addition to routine antenatal care. Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care.\n\nThe primary outcome will be pregnancy empowerment. Secondary outcomes will include self-efficacy for normal birth, fear of childbirth, knowledge and preferences regarding antenatal perineal massage, and adherence to antenatal perineal massage practice.",[28,29,129],"Antenatal Education",[131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139],"Antenatal perineal massage","Midwife-led education","Primiparous pregnant women","Pregnancy empowerment","Self-efficacy for normal birth","Fear of childbirth","Vaginal birth","Pelvic health","Routine antenatal care","2026-05-12",{"date":106,"type":43},{"date":143,"type":22},"2026-05-15",{"date":145,"type":22},"2026-12-31",{"name":147,"class":50},"Atlas University",{"id":149,"slug":150,"hasResults":11,"nctId":151,"briefTitle":152,"officialTitle":153,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":154,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":155,"enrollmentInfo":156,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":158,"briefSummary":159,"conditions":160,"keywords":161,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":164,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":165,"startDateStruct":167,"completionDateStruct":169,"leadSponsor":171,"locationsCount":51},"100629176","online-pain-neuroscience-education-for-fear-of-childbirth-100629176","NCT07471269","Online Pain Neuroscience Education For Fear Of Childbirth.","Effectiveness Of An Online Pain Neuroscience Education Intervention In Reducing Fear Of Childbirth Among Pregnant Women.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women over 18 years of age, primiparous or multiparous.\n* At the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Multiple pregnancies.\n* Previous spinal surgery.\n* Psychiatric disorders.","50 Years",{"count":157,"type":22},400,[25],"Fear of childbirth ranges from mild worry to severe anxiety and affects women of all ages. It is often linked to perceiving childbirth as unpredictable and painful. Women cope by seeking support, practicing relaxation, or attending prenatal education, with information playing a key role in reducing anxiety and increasing confidence.\n\nPain neuroscience education has shown benefits in reducing pain, anxiety, and related fears by teaching the neurobiological mechanisms underlying pain.",[29],[66,67,162,163],"pain neuroscience education","prenatal education","2026-04-14",{"date":166,"type":43},"2026-04-15",{"date":168,"type":43},"2026-03-26",{"date":170,"type":22},"2026-09-26",{"name":172,"class":50},"Cardenal Herrera University",{"id":174,"slug":175,"hasResults":11,"nctId":176,"briefTitle":177,"officialTitle":177,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":178,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":179,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":181,"briefSummary":182,"conditions":183,"keywords":185,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":188,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":189,"startDateStruct":191,"completionDateStruct":193,"leadSponsor":194,"locationsCount":51},"100624860","the-effect-of-mindfulness-based-childbirth-education-on-fear-of-birth-prenatal-stress-and-childbirth-self-efficacy-100624860","NCT07415122","The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Childbirth Education on Fear of Birth, Prenatal Stress, and Childbirth Self-Efficacy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18 years or older\n\n  * Gestational age between 28 and 38 weeks\n  * Primiparous (first pregnancy)\n  * Able to understand and speak Turkish\n  * No communication problems that would hinder participation\n  * No high-risk pregnancy as determined by a physician\n  * Able to read and write\n  * Willing to participate in the study and providing informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies (history of antepartum bleeding, intrauterine growth restriction, placenta previa, membrane rupture, preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes, or other medical conditions, fetal anomalies, or any contraindication to normal vaginal delivery, substance or alcohol dependence)\n\n  * pregnant women with a diagnosed psychiatric illness or who have undergone psychotherapy or medication treatment in the last six months,\n  * pregnant women who have previously participated in childbirth preparation classes,\n  * pregnant women with experience in yoga and meditation before or during pregnancy,\n  * pregnant women with chronic illnesses,\n  * pregnant women who are foreign nationals.",{"count":180,"type":22},80,[25],"This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of mindfulness practices integrated into childbirth preparation education on fear of childbirth, prenatal stress, and childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women.Participants will be randomly assigned either to the childbirth education group with mindfulness practices or to the standard childbirth education\u002Fcontrol group. Results will be evaluated using the prenatal self-assessment childbirth fear subscale, the perceived stress scale before childbirth, and the self-efficacy scale during labor before and after intervention.This study aims to provide evidence on whether mindfulness practices in childbirth preparation classes affect pregnant women's fear of childbirth, prenatal stress, and childbirth self-efficacy.",[184,30,29],"Prenatal Stress",[33,186,28,187,38,37],"Childbirth Preparation Education","Midwifery","2026-02-16",{"date":190,"type":43},"2026-02-18",{"date":192,"type":22},"2026-02-01",{"date":76,"type":22},{"name":195,"class":50},"Ondokuz Mayıs University",{"id":197,"slug":198,"hasResults":11,"nctId":199,"briefTitle":200,"officialTitle":201,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":202,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":203,"minAge":204,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":205,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":207,"briefSummary":208,"conditions":209,"keywords":211,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":216,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":217,"startDateStruct":219,"completionDateStruct":221,"leadSponsor":223,"locationsCount":51},"100613220","effect-of-haptonomy-on-prenatal-attachment-and-fear-of-childbirth-in-primiparous-couples-100613220","NCT07263750","Effect of Haptonomy on Prenatal Attachment and Fear of Childbirth in Primiparous Couples","The Effect of Haptonomy Application for Primiparous Pregnant Women and Their Partners on Prenatal Attachment and Fear of Childbirth: A Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* • At least a primary school graduate\n\n  * Between the 24th and 26th weeks of pregnancy\n  * According to calculations made by ultrasound based on the last menstrual period or, for pregnant women who do not know their last menstrual period, between the 24th and 26th weeks of pregnancy\n  * Primiparous\n  * No history of abortion\u002Fcurettage\n  * Planned\u002Fdesired pregnancy\n  * Desired baby gender\n  * Living with spouse\n  * Attended pregnancy classes\n  * Able to use technology such as computers and mobile phones to watch videos\n  * No barriers to understanding questions and responding\n  * No previous training on fear of childbirth or prenatal bonding\n  * Not having previously received education on haptonomy or practised haptonomy\n  * Not undergoing infertility treatment\n  * Being between the ages of 19 and 35\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Be at least 26 weeks pregnant\n\n  * Live separately from spouse\n  * Have an unplanned\u002Funwanted pregnancy\n  * Not want the baby to be of a specific gender\n  * Not use technology\n  * Be a high-risk pregnancy\n  * Have previously received training on fear of childbirth and prenatal bonding\n  * Having previously received training in haptonomy and practised haptonomy\n  * Deciding to discontinue haptonomy practice after the study began and\u002For giving birth prematurely before completing the practice sessions","ALL","19 Years",{"count":206,"type":22},144,[25],"This study was planned to evaluate the effect of haptonomy practice for primiparous pregnant women and their partners on prenatal attachment and fear of childbirth.",[29,210],"Prenatal Attachment",[66,212,213,214,215],"pregnant","father","prenatal attachment","haptonomia","2026-01-30",{"date":218,"type":43},"2026-02-03",{"date":220,"type":43},"2025-03-26",{"date":222,"type":22},"2026-04-01",{"name":80,"class":50},{"id":225,"slug":226,"hasResults":11,"nctId":227,"briefTitle":228,"officialTitle":229,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":230,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":231,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":232,"briefSummary":233,"conditions":234,"keywords":236,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":241,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":242,"startDateStruct":244,"completionDateStruct":246,"leadSponsor":248,"locationsCount":51},"100617810","a-midwife-led-psychoeducational-intervention-to-reduce-pregnancy-related-anxiety-in-low-risk-pregnant-women-100617810","NCT07323459","A Midwife-Led Psychoeducational Intervention to Reduce Pregnancy-Related Anxiety in Low-Risk Pregnant Women","Effectiveness of an Individual Midwife-Led Psychoeducational Intervention in Reducing Pregnancy-Related Anxiety in Pregnant Women","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy\n* Elevated level of pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA)\n* Low obstetric risk pregnant women (no significant medical contraindications to vaginal delivery)\n* Consent to participate in individual psychoeducational sessions\n* Ability to communicate in Polish at a level sufficient to understand the materials and participate in the sessions\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women with severe mental disorders requiring urgent psychiatric intervention\n* Women with serious obstetric complications in the current pregnancy requiring intensive medical monitoring (e.g., severe hypertension, imminent preterm delivery requiring hospitalization)\n* Patients already undergoing intensive psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy for anxiety\n* Lack of consent to participate or inability to attend sessions (e.g., due to logistical reasons)\n* Pregnant women whose pregnancy-related anxiety is not the primary concern, with other dominant anxiety disorders (e.g., GAD unrelated to pregnancy) or other priority health needs",{"count":180,"type":22},[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether an individualized psychoeducational intervention led by an experienced midwife can reduce pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) in pregnant women during the second and third trimesters. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Can individualized midwife-led psychoeducation significantly reduce pregnancy-related anxiety levels as measured by the PRAQ-R2 questionnaire?\n* Does this intervention improve women's sense of control, competence, and readiness for childbirth?\n* Can the intervention reduce preferences for cesarean section without medical indication among low-risk pregnant women?\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Attend 4-6 individual sessions (approximately 60 minutes each) with a midwife, scheduled every 1-2 weeks\n* Complete the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-R2) at the beginning and end of the intervention to measure anxiety levels\n* Receive evidence-based education about the physiological process of childbirth, pain management methods (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological), and medical procedures\n* Learn and practice stress-reduction techniques including breathing exercises, relaxation methods, and mindfulness\n* Develop an individualized birth plan and practice communication skills for effective interaction with medical personnel\n* Work on cognitive strategies to address negative thoughts and build positive affirmations about childbirth",[235,29],"Pregnancy-Related Anxiety (PrA)",[237,238,239,240,67],"prenatal care","pregnancy-related anxiety","maternal mental health","anxiety","2025-12-31",{"date":243,"type":43},"2026-01-07",{"date":245,"type":22},"2026-01-01",{"date":247,"type":22},"2028-02-28",{"name":249,"class":50},"Medical University of Gdansk",{"id":251,"slug":252,"hasResults":11,"nctId":253,"briefTitle":254,"officialTitle":255,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":256,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":257,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":259,"briefSummary":260,"conditions":261,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":266,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":267,"startDateStruct":269,"completionDateStruct":271,"leadSponsor":273,"locationsCount":51},"100578611","emotional-freedom-techniques-and-virtual-reality-application-for-fear-of-childbirth-100578611","NCT06813547","Emotional Freedom Techniques and Virtual Reality Application for Fear of Childbirth","The Effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques and Virtual Reality Application Applied to Reduce the Fear of Childbirth on Attachment and Mental Well-being in Primiparous Pregnant Women","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* No verbal communication problems\n* Primiparous pregnancy\n* 32\u002F0-38\u002F0 weeks of gestation\n* Having a single, viable foetus\n* No psychiatric disorder\n* No obstetric complications\n* Absence of scar tissue or an obstacle to touch at the points of EFT application\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Not wanting to continue the research\n* Early labour",{"count":258,"type":22},30,[25],"Fear of labour in primiparous pregnant women is an important factor that directly affects the mother-infant relationship and the mental health of the mother. In this process, it is common for expectant mothers to experience feelings of uncertainty and anxiety about labour. Such intense fear of birth may weaken maternal attachment and make it difficult for her to establish a healthy emotional relationship with her baby. In addition, this fear may negatively affect the mother's mental well-being and increase the risk of depression and anxiety.\n\nIn this context, emotional liberation techniques (EFT) and virtual reality (VR) applications stand out as effective nonpharmacological methods used to reduce fear of childbirth in primiparous pregnant women. EFT is a technique that provides relaxation by touching the energy meridians that help the person to regulate negative emotions and cope with stress. SG, on the other hand, allows expectant mothers to interact with simulations similar to the real world in a virtual environment, providing therapeutic benefits through distraction, stress reduction and cognitive restructuring, allowing them to manage their fears about birth and enter the process more prepared. The use of SLT and SG, especially for primiparous pregnant women, can alleviate these women's anxiety about childbirth and enable them to approach the process in a safer and more conscious manner. Thus, it may also help to reduce the negative effects on the mother's postnatal attachment and mental health.\n\nThis study aims to examine the effects of SLT and SG practices on fear of childbirth, attachment and mental well-being, and to reveal the effects of these two methods on primiparous pregnant women. In this context, this study will fill the gap in the literature by providing a new perspective in clinical practice and antenatal education programmes and will make important contributions to increase antenatal attachment and mental well-being in primiparous pregnancy.",[29,262,263,264,265,35],"Mental Well-being","Attachment","Emotional Freedom Technique","Virtual Reality","2025-05-24",{"date":268,"type":43},"2025-05-30",{"date":270,"type":43},"2025-01-31",{"date":272,"type":22},"2026-05-30",{"name":274,"class":50},"Inonu University",{"id":276,"slug":277,"hasResults":11,"nctId":278,"briefTitle":279,"officialTitle":280,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":281,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":282,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":284,"phases":4,"briefSummary":285,"conditions":286,"keywords":288,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":291,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":292,"startDateStruct":294,"completionDateStruct":296,"leadSponsor":297,"locationsCount":4},"100588445","effect-of-normal-birth-simulation-and-podcast-training-given-to-pregnant-women-on-birth-fear-belief-and-self-efficacy-100588445","NCT06941493","Effect of Normal Birth Simulation and Podcast Training Given to Pregnant Women on Birth Fear, Belief and Self-Efficacy","Effect of Normal Birth Simulation and Podcast Training Given to Pregnant Women on Birth Fear, Belief and Self-Efficacy: Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion criteria Able to speak, understand and write Turkish,\n\n* Those between the ages of 18-35\n* Spontaneous pregnancy,\n* Primiparous pregnant women\n* 30-34. week of pregnancy\n* Any health problems (hypertension, heart, diabetes, tuberculosis, HIV, cancer, etc.) non-\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* Participating in routine pregnancy education class\n* Having a phone with internet connection for training meetings Exclusion criteria from the study\n* Pregnant women diagnosed with medium and high risk pregnancy (such as oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, heart disease, diabetes, placenta previa)\n* Presence of any diagnosed psychiatric disease (such as anxiety, depression)",{"count":283,"type":22},114,"OBSERVATIONAL","According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health education is \"educational practices carried out in order to provide individuals, families and society with a healthy lifestyle, to adopt and implement the measures to be taken to improve their health, to get them used to using the health services offered, to persuade them to improve their health and their environment, to make them reach a common decision and to direct them to action\" . As in all stages of life, it is known that the trainings given during pregnancy contribute to the protection of maternal and infant health. The aim of childbirth preparation trainings given for a healthy pregnancy and birth process is to develop positive health behaviors in line with the needs of the person, to increase confidence in oneself and one's body, to reduce the stress caused by the fear and uncertainty associated with childbirth encoded since the past, to ensure the desire to give birth normally and to ensure secure mother-baby bonding. Although prenatal education has positive contributions to the pregnancy and birth process, it has been determined that the verbal expression of the teaching style of routine prenatal education leads to a passive acceptance without establishing a cause and effect relationship by weakening the learning effect and moving away from mutual interaction. In the study conducted by Downe et al. (2019), it was determined that routine prenatal education was insufficient to meet the information needs of women. It is thought that prenatal education prepared through simulation and podcast by utilizing the advantages of digital technology on health education can be useful in increasing women's beliefs and self- efficacy towards normal delivery, reducing their fear of childbirth, increasing their knowledge levels and eliminating misinformation. From this point of view, our study is aimed to bring innovation to the literature. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of simulation and podcast education used in prenatal education on pregnant women's fear of childbirth, birth beliefs and birth self-efficacy.\n\nhe main questions it aims to answer are\n\nResearch question 1: Do the trainings given to pregnant women affect fear of childbirth? Research question 2: Do the trainings given to pregnant women affect birth self-efficacy? Research question 3: Does education for pregnant women affect birth beliefs? To see if the drug ABC treats severe asthma, the researchers will compare it to a placebo (a substance that looks like a drug, but does not contain one).\n\nTo assess the effectiveness of prenatal education, the researchers will Group 1 will be trained with simulated labor for 4 weeks in addition to routine pregnancy education Group 2 will be shown podcast videos simulating childbirth for 4 weeks in addition to routine pregnancy education Group 3 will be provided with routine prenatal education",[29,287],"Childbirth Education",[28,163,289,290],"simulation","podcasd","2025-05-07",{"date":293,"type":43},"2025-05-08",{"date":295,"type":22},"2025-05-16",{"date":241,"type":22},{"name":298,"class":50},"Mehmet Akif Ersoy University",{"id":300,"slug":301,"hasResults":11,"nctId":302,"briefTitle":303,"officialTitle":303,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":304,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":305,"enrollmentInfo":306,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":308,"briefSummary":309,"conditions":310,"keywords":313,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":314,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":315,"startDateStruct":317,"completionDateStruct":319,"leadSponsor":321,"locationsCount":4},"100589629","the-effect-of-mindfulness-based-intervention-and-haptonomy-application-on-birth-self-efficacy-prenatal-attachment-and-anxiety-levels-of-pregnant-women-with-fear-of-childbirth-100589629","NCT06956898","The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention and Haptonomy Application on Birth Self-Efficacy, Prenatal Attachment and Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women With Fear of ChildBirth","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Being a primary school graduate,\n* Women in their 28th week of pregnancy,\n* Being primigravida,\n* Women with a healthy pregnancy,\n* Women with a Wijma Childbirth Expectation\u002FExperience Scale version A score of ≥38,\n* Women who agree to participate in the study and do not have any chronic health problems that would prevent them from participating.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women who did not agree to participate in the study or who left the study at any stage of the study will constitute the study.","45 Years",{"count":307,"type":22},225,[25],"Fear of childbirth is a common condition encountered during pregnancy. Women with fear of childbirth have reduced birth self-efficacy, and it leads to mental health problems in the prenatal and postnatal periods, reducing mother-infant bonding. Therefore, it is of critical importance to implement effective and applicable interventions focused on health and well-being to reduce fear of childbirth. Considering the increasing cesarean section rates today, holistic intervention strategies that can positively affect the birth experiences of pregnant women and support their psychological well-being are needed. In this sense, mindfulness and haptonomy applications, which are holistic intervention strategies, will allow us to meet the psychological and emotional needs of pregnant women with fear of childbirth and improve their birth experiences.\n\nNo study has been found in the literature that systematically evaluates the effects of a holistic intervention strategy for women with fear of childbirth during pregnancy. This study will enable the development of new and effective intervention strategies that can be used in prenatal and postnatal care practices and will guide clinical practices to make pregnant women's birth experiences more positive. In this study, the effects of mindfulness-based intervention and haptonomy application on childbirth self-efficacy, prenatal attachment and anxiety levels in pregnant women experiencing fear of childbirth will be evaluated. This research will be conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study. The data of the research will consist of 225 women (75 in the mindfulness group, 75 in the haptonomy group, and 75 in the control group) who applied to the Erzurum City Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between 01.06.2024 and 01.07.2025. The data will be collected face to face using the \"Personal Information Form\", \"Wijma Childbirth Expectation\u002FExperience Scale Version A\", \"Prenatal Attachment Inventory\", and \"State Anxiety Scale\".",[29,311,33,312,263],"Haptonomy","Self-Efficacy",[263,312,33,311,29],"2025-04-25",{"date":316,"type":43},"2025-05-04",{"date":318,"type":22},"2025-05",{"date":320,"type":22},"2026-12",{"name":322,"class":50},"Bayburt University",{"id":324,"slug":325,"hasResults":11,"nctId":326,"briefTitle":327,"officialTitle":328,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":329,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":330,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":332,"briefSummary":333,"conditions":334,"keywords":336,"overallStatus":39,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":340,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":341,"startDateStruct":343,"completionDateStruct":345,"leadSponsor":347,"locationsCount":51},"100554749","the-effect-of-prenatal-yoga-assisted-birth-preparation-training-on-fear-of-childbirth-and-childbirth-self-efficacy-100554749","NCT06503133","The Effect of Prenatal Yoga-Assisted Birth Preparation Training on Fear of Childbirth and Childbirth Self-Efficacy","The Effect of Online Prenatal Yoga-Assisted Birth Preparation Training Based on Albert Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory on Fear of Childbirth and Childbirth Self-Efficacy in Primiparas: Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Being primiparous\n* Being between the ages of 18 -35\n* Having a single and healthy fetus\n* 24-32. being in the pregnancy week\n* Being no psychiatric diagnosis or treatment\n* Using an online meeting program (Zoom®)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women doing body-mind-based exercises (yoga, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness, etc.).\n* Women taking birth preparation training\n* Women having a regular exercise habit of approximately 90-150 minutes per week\n* Women with a high-risk pregnancy diagnosis\n* Having become pregnant through assisted reproductive techniques\n* According to the Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire-A scale score, women with severe fear of childbirth will be excluded and referred to psychiatry.",{"count":331,"type":22},52,[25],"Pregnancy is a life event that requires biopsychosocial adaptation. Although pregnancy is often perceived as a positive and physiological process, women experience a wide range of fears of childbirth, from simple anxiety to severe phobic fear (tokophobia), during their pregnancy. It is thought that the feeling of experiencing pain often lies at the root of the fear of childbirth. However, fear of childbirth can be experienced for many different reasons depending on biological, psychological and sociocultural factors, personal characteristics and experiences. The prevalence of fear of childbirth in the world is 14%. In Turkey, the prevalence of fear of childbirth varies between 16% and 69%, and 21% of women experience fear of childbirth at a clinical level. In general, fear is a physiological reaction that is important for the safety of the individual, and it is thought that low-level fear of childbirth will prepare individuals for parenting. However, uncontrollable fear of childbirth can lead to physical, emotional and behavioural changes that negatively affect the woman's daily life, prolonged labour and childbirth complications. Most importantly, women who cannot cope with the fear of childbirth may perceive cesarean section as the only solution and turn to elective cesarean section. The total cesarean section rate in Turkey is 52%, which is much higher than the World Health Organization's acceptable cesarean section rate. Fear of childbirth has been accepted as an important public health problem that needs intervention both in the world and in our country, and research on fear of childbirth has accelerated, especially in the last twenty years.",[29,335],"Childbirth Self Efficacy",[337,338,136,339],"Birth preperation training","Prenatal yoga","Childbirth self efficacy","2024-07-21",{"date":342,"type":43},"2024-07-23",{"date":344,"type":22},"2024-09-01",{"date":346,"type":22},"2025-12-01",{"name":348,"class":50},"Kocaeli University"]