[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"healthy-young-adults\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:healthy-young-adults":30},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,7,0,[8,49,78,104,128,155,182],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":25,"briefSummary":27,"conditions":28,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":38,"startDateStruct":41,"completionDateStruct":43,"leadSponsor":45,"locationsCount":48},"100643605","satiety-evaluation-of-mature-okra-flour-incorporated-biscuit-100643605",false,"NCT07631663","Satiety Evaluation of Mature Okra Flour-incorporated Biscuit","Evaluating the Impact of Mature Okra Flour-Incorporated Biscuits (MOFB) on Perceived Satiety Through the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) Scale and Metabolomic Approach","MOFB","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Young adults aged between 18 and 39 years.\n* Normal Body Mass Index (BMI).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smokers.\n* Pregnant or lactating women.\n* Individuals with daily medication prescriptions for chronic metabolic conditions, cardiovascular management, or hormonal regulation.\n* Use of daily medications\u002Fsupplements that influence appetite regulation, metabolic signalling, or systemic metabolomic profiles, including:\n\n  1. Hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, and oral\u002Finjectable anti-obesity medications (e.g., GLP-1 agonists).\n  2. Antihypertensives and lipid-lowering agents (statins).\n  3. Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).\n  4. Daily fibre supplements.",true,"ALL","18 Years","39 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},30,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[26],"NA","This study aims to evaluate whether eating biscuits made with mature okra flour can help young adults feel fuller (enhance satiety) and change certain blood markers compared to eating standard biscuits.\n\nMature okra is a nutrient-dense agricultural by-product that is often discarded due to its tough texture. For this study, mature okra pods are dried and ground into a flour, which is then used to replace 10% of the wheat flour in a custom biscuit formulation.\n\nParticipants will take part in a single-blind, randomised trial where they will consume either the okra-incorporated biscuits or the standard control biscuits on separate occasions. Researchers will measure participants' perceived fullness over 165 minutes using a visual rating scale. Blood samples will also be collected at specific intervals during this time to evaluate blood glucose levels, appetite-related hormones, and metabolic responses.",[29,30],"Appetite Regulation","Healthy Young Adults",[32,33,34,35],"Satiety response","Blood glucose response","Hormonal change","Metabolomic analysis","RECRUITING","2026-06-03",{"date":39,"type":40},"2026-06-08","ACTUAL",{"date":42,"type":40},"2026-05-15",{"date":44,"type":23},"2026-06-25",{"name":46,"class":47},"Universiti Putra Malaysia","OTHER",1,{"id":50,"slug":51,"hasResults":11,"nctId":52,"briefTitle":53,"officialTitle":54,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":55,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":56,"maxAge":57,"enrollmentInfo":58,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":60,"briefSummary":61,"conditions":62,"keywords":63,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":70,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":71,"startDateStruct":73,"completionDateStruct":74,"leadSponsor":76,"locationsCount":48},"100623233","development-of-a-real-time-controller-to-estimate-walking-performance-using-a-bilateral-ankle-exoskeleton-100623233","NCT07393971","Development of a Real-time Controller to Estimate Walking Performance Using a Bilateral Ankle Exoskeleton","Controller Development to Enable Individualized Assistance in Robotic Ankle Exoskeletons","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* able to walk independently on a treadmill for 10 minutes,\n* free of neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or musculoskeletal conditions that limit walking and exercising,\n* no current lower extremity pain or injury,\n* able to wear an exoskeleton and safety harness, can provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* history of neurological disease that affected gait or balance,\n* current or recent lower extremity musculoskeletal injury or surgery,\n* chronic lower extremity pain during walking,\n* inability to participate in moderate-intensity exercise,\n* require an assistive device for walking,\n* any metabolic or systemic diseases that may be exacerbated by exercise","19 Years","35 Years",{"count":59,"type":23},6,[26],"This study is developing and testing a new controller for a robotic ankle exoskeleton (Biomotum) that can adjust itself in real time to better support people while they walk. The system learns how each person moves and automatically changes the amount and timing of assistance to make walking feel easier and more efficient. By using information from the person wearing the device, the exoskeleton can quickly find the level of support that works best for them. The long-term goal is to create personalized walking assistance that can help people with mobility limitations move more comfortably and with less effort.",[30],[64,65,66,67,68],"robotic ankle exoskeleton","human-in-the-loop optimization","wearable robotics","musculoskeletal modeling","muscle activation analysis","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-01",{"date":72,"type":40},"2026-06-02",{"date":70,"type":23},{"date":75,"type":23},"2026-12",{"name":77,"class":47},"University of Nebraska",{"id":79,"slug":80,"hasResults":11,"nctId":81,"briefTitle":82,"officialTitle":83,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":84,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":85,"enrollmentInfo":86,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":87,"briefSummary":88,"conditions":89,"keywords":91,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":95,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":96,"startDateStruct":98,"completionDateStruct":100,"leadSponsor":102,"locationsCount":48},"100626428","effects-of-feedback-and-aging-on-aiming-movements-in-virtual-reality-100626428","NCT07435506","Effects of Feedback and Aging on Aiming Movements in Virtual Reality","Performing Fitts' Tasks in Virtual Reality With and Without Augmented Feedback: a Comparison Between Young and Older Adults","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 18-28 (young adults \\[YA\\] group) or 65-75 (healthy older adults \\[HOA\\] group)\n* Right-handed\n* Normal or corrected-to-normal vision (glasses or contact lenses permitted)\n* Clear and comfortable vision through the head-mounted display during a brief fitting (very bulky glasses may be incompatible)\n* No self-reported history of neurological or psychiatric disorders, as confirmed by participant report and cross-checked against a standardized list of relevant medications\n* Able to provide informed consent and follow experimental instructions in French or English\n\nAdditional criteria for HOA\n\n* Normal cognitive functioning (Montreal cognitive assessment \\[MoCA\\] score ≥ 26)\n* No self-reported acute or chronic pain in the dominant arm, shoulder, or elbow that would preclude performing repetitive arm movements in space.\n* Self-reported full functional range of motion in the dominant arm (able to extend the arm fully without discomfort or restriction)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals currently playing video games more than 5 hours\u002Fweek.\n* Uncorrected visual, auditory, or motor impairments that would interfere with task performance.\n* Participant height outside the range of 1.50-1.80 m.\n* Self-reported diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease)\n* Self-reported use of medications known to significantly affect cognitive or motor function (a list of relevant medications will be presented during screening).\n* Cervical pain that could preclude wearing the VR headset during the full duration of the experimental session.\n* Self-reported history of severe motion sickness or vestibular issues that could be exacerbated by VR exposure\n* High susceptibility to cybersickness, as assessed via the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire which was developed specifically for pre-exposure screening; cut-off: ≥ 12.\n* Individuals for whom the headset cannot be properly adjusted, e.g., due to an interpupillary distance outside the adjustment range of the head-mounted display (i.e., \\\u003C53 mm or \\>75 mm).","75 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},[26],"This study has two main objectives: First, to better understand how a motor task commonly used by researchers, known as the Fitts' task, is performed in virtual reality. It consists of reaching a target, which may be large or small, by extending the right arm. This task is similar to movements commonly performed in everyday life. It is also increasingly used in virtual reality video games designed to train older adults or patients with functional limitations. Secondly, the investigators aim to describe how age influences performance in this task by comparing young adults and older adults. This can help better adapt the protocols used in virtual reality to the characteristics of users. It is of particular interest how movements change when the task becomes more difficult, whether these changes differ between young adults and older adults, and whether the information and feedback provided through virtual reality can improve the quality of motor performance. What is expected of participants: Participants will be seated comfortably, wearing a lightweight virtual reality headset and holding a controller in their right hand that will be used to reach for a target by keeping the controller within the target for about one second. The targets will vary in size, so some trials will seem easier and others more difficult. The task is simply to move as quickly as possible while remaining accurate (hitting the target). This instruction is important, and the experimenter will repeat it regularly during the experiment. The task will be performed under different conditions: sometimes participants will see the actual configuration of the experimental device in the physical world through the headset, and other times they will see the same configuration presented in virtual reality. In some virtual reality conditions, participants will also receive additional visual information indicating whether the target has been hit correctly. Short breaks are scheduled at regular intervals. Additional breaks can be asked for at any time when needed. The most important point is to avoid any fatigue or discomfort. If participants experience any, they are asked and encouraged to inform the experimenter. Before starting the experiment, participants will undergo a short training session to familiarize themselves with the task and the device.",[90,30],"Healthy Older Adults",[92,93,94],"Virtual reality","Motor-cognitive","Interactions","2026-02-23",{"date":97,"type":40},"2026-02-27",{"date":99,"type":23},"2026-03-01",{"date":101,"type":23},"2026-06",{"name":103,"class":47},"Aix Marseille Université",{"id":105,"slug":106,"hasResults":11,"nctId":107,"briefTitle":108,"officialTitle":109,"acronym":110,"eligibilityCriteria":111,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":112,"enrollmentInfo":113,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":115,"briefSummary":116,"conditions":117,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":118,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":119,"startDateStruct":121,"completionDateStruct":123,"leadSponsor":125,"locationsCount":48},"100623419","understanding-how-young-adults-perceive-blurred-image-quality-and-creating-a-model-predicting-their-quality-ratings-100623419","NCT07396389","Understanding How Young Adults Perceive Blurred Image Quality and Creating a Model Predicting Their Quality Ratings","Modèle de Performance Subjective Généralisé","GESUVIPE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Distance refractive error (equivalent sphere) between -7 D and +5 D\n* Astigmatism below 4D\n* Minimum corrected visual acuity: 10\u002F10\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aphakic or pseudophakic eye surgery\n* Reported systemic pathology that affects vision\n* Medical treatment or taking medications that affect vision\n* Severe ocular pathology declared, involving a loss of visual field as in glaucoma, a loss of acuity\n* Reported neurological deficit, including a history of seizure or sensorimotor coordination disorders, vestibular or cerebellar pathology\n* Binocular vision problems such as amblyopia, strabismus, or double vision","30 Years",{"count":114,"type":23},20,[26],"This clinical study wants to understand how blurred images look to young adults.\n\nThe main question is: How do different kinds of images and different kinds of blur change the way people think those images look? Participants will get an eye exam, then look at several blurred images and rate how good or bad each one looks on a quality scale from 1 (very bad) to 10 (very good).",[30],"2026-02-09",{"date":120,"type":40},"2026-02-11",{"date":122,"type":23},"2026-02",{"date":124,"type":23},"2026-05",{"name":126,"class":127},"Essilor International","INDUSTRY",{"id":129,"slug":130,"hasResults":11,"nctId":131,"briefTitle":132,"officialTitle":133,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":134,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":112,"enrollmentInfo":135,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":137,"phases":4,"briefSummary":138,"conditions":139,"keywords":140,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":146,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":147,"startDateStruct":149,"completionDateStruct":151,"leadSponsor":153,"locationsCount":48},"100616916","investigating-the-relationships-between-body-composition-peripheral-muscle-strength-and-cough-force-in-healthy-young-adults-100616916","NCT07311837","Investigating the Relationships Between Body Composition, Peripheral Muscle Strength, and Cough Force in Healthy Young Adults","Investigating the Relationships Between Body Composition, Waist\u002FHip Ratio, Peripheral Muscle Strength, and Cough Force in Healthy Young Adults","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals between the ages of 18-30 who volunteered to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals who have a serious orthopedic, neurological or systemic disease that would prevent participation in the study and who do not volunteer to participate in the study",{"count":136,"type":23},46,"OBSERVATIONAL","Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) is a key parameter used for obesity classification and the evaluation and monitoring of individuals' health status. Obesity, described by the World Health Organization as a major global epidemic, remains one of the most significant preventable and manageable conditions contributing to increased risks of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In addition to BMI, anthropometric measurements such as the waist-to-hip ratio are crucial indicators for risk assessment. While numerous studies in the literature have addressed the detrimental effects of obesity on respiratory functions, no study has specifically examined the relationship between cough strength-a vital respiratory parameter that reflects expiratory muscle strength- and body composition, waist-to-hip ratio, and peripheral muscle strength. Furthermore, although several studies have investigated the association between grip strength-a recognized indicator of peripheral muscle function in healthy individuals-and cough strength, no research to date has explored the relationship between pinch grip strength and cough strength.\n\nObjective: This study aims to investigate the relationships among body composition, waist-to-hip ratio, peripheral muscle strength, and cough strength in healthy young adults.\n\nMethods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis. After providing detailed information about the study to potential participants, written informed consent will be obtained in duplicate from those who agree to participate. Following the completion of a general assessment form that captures demographic characteristics, each participant's height will be measured using a measuring tape. Body composition parameters-including body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, total body water percentage, muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, and metabolic age-will be assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device (Tanita) available at our faculty.\n\nWaist and hip circumferences will be measured and used to calculate the waist-to-hip ratio for each participant. Peripheral muscle strength will be assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and a pinch meter, while cough strength will be evaluated using a peak cough expiratory flow meter (PEF meter). All measurements will be repeated three times, with the best result recorded for analysis. Results: Statistical analysis will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Normality of continuous variables will be assessed through normality tests, coefficient of variation, and graphical representations (e.g., histograms, detrended plots). Descriptive statistics will be presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables, and as median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed variables. Categorical variables will be expressed as percentages (%). Pearson correlation analysis will be used for normally distributed variables, and Spearman correlation analysis for non-normally distributed ones. The appropriate correlation coefficients and p-values will be reported. A p-value of \\\u003C0.05 will be considered statistically significant.\n\nDiscussion: Interpretation will be based on the results of the statistical analyses.",[30],[141,142,143,144,145],"Body composition","Waist-to-hip ratio","Peripheral muscle strength","Peak expiratory flow","Cough strength","2025-12-16",{"date":148,"type":40},"2025-12-31",{"date":150,"type":23},"2026-02-15",{"date":152,"type":23},"2026-03-15",{"name":154,"class":47},"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University",{"id":156,"slug":157,"hasResults":11,"nctId":158,"briefTitle":159,"officialTitle":160,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":161,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":57,"enrollmentInfo":162,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":164,"briefSummary":165,"conditions":166,"keywords":169,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":173,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":174,"startDateStruct":176,"completionDateStruct":178,"leadSponsor":180,"locationsCount":48},"100608114","repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-primed-self-controlled-practice-on-motor-learning-100608114","NCT07197346","Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Primed Self-controlled Practice on Motor Learning","The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Primed Self-controlled Practice on Motor Learning and Motivation","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Healthy adults aged 18-35 years\n2. Right-handed (per Edinburgh Handedness Inventory)\n3. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing\n4. Eligible for non-invasive brain stimulation per safety screening (no contraindications to TMS)\n5. Able to understand study procedures and provide written informed consent in Chinese\n6. Willing to comply with all study visits and tasks, including TBS\u002FrTMS and motor practice\n7. For yoked pairing: able to be matched to a counterpart participant for practice parameters\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of epilepsy, seizures, or unexplained fainting; family history of epilepsy in first-degree relatives\n2. Any intracranial metal or implanted medical devices (e.g., cochlear implant, deep brain stimulator, aneurysm clips); non-removable metallic objects in head\u002Fneck\n3. Cardiac pacemaker or other implanted electronic devices\n4. Current or past major neurological or psychiatric disorders (e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia)\n5. Current use of medications lowering seizure threshold or affecting cortical excitability (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, bupropion, clozapine, lithium, stimulant or sedative-hypnotic abuse); or unstable psychotropic regimens\n6. Active migraine with aura or chronic severe headaches\n7. Pregnancy or planning pregnancy during participation; breastfeeding (if your site policy excludes)\n8. Substance or alcohol use disorder within the past 12 months; positive alcohol\u002Fdrug screen on visit days\n9. Sleep deprivation (\\\u003C5 hours) on the day before stimulation, or excessive caffeine (\\>400 mg) within 6 hours pre-stimulation\n10. Dermatologic conditions or open wounds at stimulation or EMG\u002Felectrode sites\n11. Prior extensive training on the specific motor task used in this study (risk of ceiling effects)\n12. Concurrent participation in another interventional study or received brain stimulation (TMS\u002FtDCS) within the past 3 months\n13. Any condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes participation unsafe or data unreliable",{"count":163,"type":23},72,[26],"This study aims to investigate the additive effects of combining self-controlled practice with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) pretreatment on motivation enhancement and motor learning performance in healthy young adults. According to the \"Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning\" (OPTIMAL) theory, numerous studies have demonstrated that providing learners with autonomy during practice can facilitate intrinsic motivation and motor learning. However, self-controlled practice alone may have limited effects, and further interventions may be required to amplify learning outcomes.\n\nIn recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques-particularly high-frequency (facilitatory) rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-have been shown to enhance motivational drive and explicit learning performance by strengthening the connectivity of the DLPFC-midbrain dopamine pathway. For example, 10 Hz high-frequency stimulation can significantly improve learners' accuracy and motivation. Interestingly, several sequence learning studies have found that low-frequency (inhibitory) rTMS, when used as a priming intervention, can instead enhance implicit procedural learning. This effect may occur because inhibiting the lateral prefrontal cortex reduces its top-down suppression of implicit learning systems, thereby releasing procedural learning potential.\n\nBased on the theory of metaplasticity, applying facilitatory or inhibitory stimulation beforehand can alter the threshold of synaptic plasticity, thus influencing subsequent learning outcomes. Therefore, this study designed two DLPFC pretreatments-facilitatory and inhibitory-and combined them with self-controlled practice to systematically examine the interaction between different stimulation protocols on motivation and motor learning.\n\nThis cross-sectional experiment plans to recruit 72 healthy participants aged 20 or older, randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) facilitatory rTMS + self-controlled practice, (2) facilitatory rTMS + yoked control, (3) inhibitory rTMS + self-controlled practice, (4) inhibitory rTMS + yoked control, (5) sham rTMS + self-controlled practice, and (6) sham rTMS + yoked control.\n\nThe experiment will last for seven days. On Day 1, participants will complete baseline testing, followed by facilitatory rTMS, inhibitory rTMS, or sham stimulation over the DLPFC. Immediately afterward, they will engage in a trajectory-tracking learning task (manipulating a joystick to reproduce a sine-wave pattern). After practice, participants will complete a motivation assessment. During the trajectory-tracking task, the self-controlled group can choose when to receive feedback to adjust their learning, whereas the yoked control group will receive feedback at time points matched to their paired counterpart.\n\nOn Day 2, participants will again receive the assigned rTMS (facilitatory, inhibitory, or sham), complete the trajectory-tracking task, and undergo a motivation assessment. After a five-minute rest, they will perform retention and transfer tests, followed by TMS measurement of cortical excitability. On Day 7, participants will return to the laboratory to complete another retention and transfer test, along with cortical excitability measurement via TMS.\n\nThe primary behavioral outcomes are the root mean square error (RMSE) and error estimation (EE) in the trajectory-tracking task. Motivation will be assessed using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). As there have been no prior studies combining DLPFC rTMS pretreatment with practice autonomy, the results of this experimental design are expected to provide new insights and references for enhancing motor learning ability in healthy adults.",[167,168,30],"rTMS Stimulation","Autonomy",[170,171,172],"motor learning","repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","autonomy","2025-09-22",{"date":175,"type":40},"2025-09-29",{"date":177,"type":40},"2025-09-01",{"date":179,"type":23},"2028-12-31",{"name":181,"class":47},"National Taiwan University Hospital",{"id":183,"slug":184,"hasResults":11,"nctId":185,"briefTitle":186,"officialTitle":187,"acronym":188,"eligibilityCriteria":189,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":190,"enrollmentInfo":191,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":192,"briefSummary":194,"conditions":195,"keywords":198,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":205,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":206,"startDateStruct":208,"completionDateStruct":209,"leadSponsor":211,"locationsCount":48},"100606581","phase-4-characterizing-the-human-airway-immune-response-to-flumist-vaccination-100606581","NCT07177417","Characterizing the Human Airway Immune Response to FluMist Vaccination","EVax-3: Human Upper and Lower Airway Mucosal Immune Response to FluMist Vaccination","EVax-3","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy adults aged 18-40 years\n* Able to understand and give written informed consent\n* In stable health, as determined by medical history and targeted physical exam related to the history\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Prisoners\n* Anyone unable to provide full written informed consent\n* Pregnant women and nursing mothers or women who are planning to become pregnant during the study interval\n* Female subjects who are sexually active with male partners who are not actively on hormonal contraception or who do not have an IUD in place\n* Vaccination with a seasonal influenza vaccine or documented infection with seasonal influenza in the past 9 months\n* Receipt of any vaccine in the 28 days prior to the pre-vaccination study visit or planned receipt of any non-study vaccine before completion of study day 28 visit\n* Current smokers\n* BMI \\> 40\n* Individuals with an immunocompromising medical condition or who have received systemic immunosuppressants or immune-modifying drugs for \\> 14 days in total within 6 months prior to screening (for corticosteroids ≥ 10 mg\u002Fday of prednisone equivalent for \\> 14 days total) or is anticipating the need for immunosuppressive treatment at any time during participation in the study\n* Individuals who currently have symptomatic acute or unstable chronic disease requiring medical or surgical care, to include significant change in therapy or hospitalization, at the discretion of the investigator\n* History of excessive alcohol consumption, drug abuse, psychiatric conditions, social conditions or occupational conditions that in the opinion of the investigator would preclude compliance with the study\n* Have donated blood, blood products, or bone marrow within 30 days before study entry, plan to donate blood at any time during the duration of study participation, or plan to donate blood within 30 days after the last blood draw.\n* Current ongoing participation in a clinical trial evaluating an investigational agent unless the trial is in follow up only and the last dose of the investigational agent was taken \\>30 days or \\>5 half-lives prior to enrollment, whichever is greater.\n* Any condition in the opinion of the investigator that would interfere with the proper conduct of the trial.\n\nFor participants willing to undergo bronchoscopy:\n\n* Any known chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurologic or hematologic disorder that could, in the opinion of the physician bronchoscopist or the principal investigator, put the subject at unnecessary risk from the sedation and bronchoscopy procedures. These conditions may include, but are not limited to, the following: asthma, COPD, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, previous myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular tachycardia, paraplegia, quadriplegia, epilepsy, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, chronic anemia or active cancer.\n* Coagulopathy (primary or iatrogenic) which would contraindicate bronchoscopy for participants willing to have those procedures done. Any participant with an INR\\>1.4, PTT\\>40 or platelet count \\\u003C100,000 at study screening will not be eligible for bronchoscopy.\n* Evidence of significant pulmonary disease on the day of bronchoscopy, including pulse oximetry with oxygen saturation of 92% or less on room air, or infiltrate or pleural effusion on an upright PA and lateral chest x-ray performed on the day of bronchoscopy.\n* Allergy or contraindication to anesthesia for participants willing to have bronchoscopy done.","40 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},[193],"PHASE4","The goal of this clinical trial is to measure the immune response in the blood, nose, and lungs after participants receive either the FDA-approved inactivated influenza vaccine or the FDA-approved intranasal FluMist vaccine. The study will evaluate immune responses in groups of healthy, non-pregnant, volunteers between the ages of 18 and 40. The main purpose of the study is to measure the change in influenza vaccine-specific antibodies in the lower lungs and nose between vaccination and 14 days after participants receive the vaccine. All participants will be randomized to receive one of the two seasonal flu vaccines and will have blood and back of the nose swabs collected throughout the study. Some study participants will choose to undergo optional bronchoscopy procedures and will be included in the part of the study looking at lower lung immune responses.",[30,196,197],"Influenza Vaccines","Influenza Vaccine Response",[199,200,201,202,203,204],"FluMist","bronchoscopy","bronchoalveolar lavage","endobronchial biopsy","nasopharyngeal swab","inactivated influenza vaccine","2025-09-09",{"date":207,"type":40},"2025-09-17",{"date":205,"type":40},{"date":210,"type":23},"2028-11",{"name":212,"class":47},"Washington University School of Medicine"]