[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"hormone-replacement-therapy\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:hormone-replacement-therapy":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,8,0,[8,48,81,109,133,163,195,225],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":30,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":36,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":37,"startDateStruct":40,"completionDateStruct":42,"leadSponsor":44,"locationsCount":47},"100631457","menopause-effects-on-cortico-reticular-functioning-100631457",false,"NCT07500922","Menopause Effects on Cortico-reticular Functioning","Female Sex Hormone and Menopause Effects on Cortico-reticular Functioning","MENSA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* at least 6 months since their last period but no more than being 5 years post-menopausal\n* basal follicular-stimulating hormone concentration \\> 30 IU\u002FL (confirmed post-recruitment)\n* willing to start combined hormonal treatment\n* womb and ovaries intact with normal functioning throughout reproductive age\n* willing to provide informed consent\n* does not have any of the exclusion criteria for TMS measurements according to Rossi et al. (2021 Clin Neurophysiol. 132(1):269-306.) (i.e. arterial hypertension, heart attack\u002Fseizure history, migraine, pacemaker or cochlear implant or other implanted metal\u002Felectronic device)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* classified as excessively obese via BMI assessment (i.e., \\>35 kg\u002Fm2)\n* intra-uterine device usage during transition to menopause\n* cardiovascular or skeletomuscular disease preventing strenuous physical activity\n* smoker\n* diagnosed psychiatric illness\n* epilepsy\n* other diagnosed injuries\u002Fillness affecting the neuromuscular system","FEMALE","50 Years","59 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},20,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","Post-menopausal women who request to begin hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) are directed to the research team. The participants are tested before beginning HRT, after two months of HRT, and five months of HRT. Tests include strength performance, central nervous system functioning, body composition, resting metabolic rate, and vascular screening. The participants are provided a 12-week training intervention (2 x strength, 2 x endurance per week) that can be voluntarily followed between tests at month 2 and 5. Compliance with the training program is recorded. A minimum of 15 participants are needed a priori, but the investigators aim to recruit and test 20 women.",[28,29],"Menopause","Hormone Replacement Therapy",[31,32,33,34],"cortico-reticular","central nervous system","physical performance","strength","RECRUITING","2026-04-27",{"date":38,"type":39},"2026-05-01","ACTUAL",{"date":41,"type":39},"2026-04-25",{"date":43,"type":22},"2028-03-31",{"name":45,"class":46},"University of Jyvaskyla","OTHER",1,{"id":49,"slug":50,"hasResults":11,"nctId":51,"briefTitle":52,"officialTitle":53,"acronym":54,"eligibilityCriteria":55,"healthyVolunteers":56,"sex":17,"minAge":57,"maxAge":58,"enrollmentInfo":59,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":62,"conditions":63,"keywords":66,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":71,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":72,"startDateStruct":74,"completionDateStruct":76,"leadSponsor":78,"locationsCount":80},"100623239","impact-of-new-hormone-replacement-therapy-after-menopause-on-heart-health-in-women-100623239","NCT07394049","Impact of New Hormone Replacement Therapy After Menopause on Heart Health in Women","Cardiovascular Assesment Under Current Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause (CATCH-Menopause)","CATCH-Menopaus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 45-75 years\n* Score 2 \\> 5%\n* Or existing coronary heart disease\n* Or cAVK\n* Or PAD\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C45 years \u002F \\> 75 years\n* Existing cancer\n* Language barrier, inability to provide informed consent\n* GFR \\\u003C30 ml\u002Fmin or dialysis\n* Child C cirrhosis of the liver\n* Known genetic cardiomyopathies",true,"45 Years","75 Years",{"count":60,"type":22},2725,"OBSERVATIONAL","This prospective registry study investigates the impact of new hormone replacement therapy (HRT) delivery methods, such as creams, gels, and sprays, on cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Menopause-related estrogen deficiency leads to metabolic and vascular changes that increase atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. This study hypothesizes that new HRT forms may reduce cardiovascular risk in high-risk women.\"",[29,64,65,28],"Cardiovascular Diseases","Hormone Replacement Therapy, Post-Menopausal",[67,68,69],"hormone replacement therapy","cardiovascular disease","menopause","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-02-06",{"date":73,"type":39},"2026-02-10",{"date":75,"type":22},"2026-03-01",{"date":77,"type":22},"2035-03",{"name":79,"class":46},"Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf",2,{"id":82,"slug":83,"hasResults":11,"nctId":84,"briefTitle":85,"officialTitle":86,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":87,"healthyVolunteers":56,"sex":17,"minAge":88,"maxAge":89,"enrollmentInfo":90,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":92,"briefSummary":93,"conditions":94,"keywords":98,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":100,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":101,"startDateStruct":103,"completionDateStruct":105,"leadSponsor":107,"locationsCount":80},"100544686","letrozole-stimulated-cycle-strategy-versus-artificial-cycle-strategy-letsact-100544686","NCT06372119","Letrozole-stimulated Cycle Strategy Versus Artificial Cycle Strategy (LETSACT)","Letrozole-stimulated Cycle Strategy Versus Artificial Cycle Strategy for Endometrial Preparation in Women With Irregular Menstrual Cycles: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged between 18 - 42.\n* Irregular menstrual cycle (\\\u003C 21 days or \\> 35 days or \\\u003C 8 cycles\u002Fyears).\n* Indicated for endometrial preparation.\n* Transfer of only one blastocyst.\n* Not participating in any other trials.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Allergy to letrozole or Ovitrelle or oral estradiol valerate or micronized progesterone\n* Having embryos from either oocyte donation or PGT (pre-implantation genetics testings) cycles.\n* Ovarian cysts that are unrelated to the oocyte pick-up.\n* Confirmed diagnosis with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) according to ESHRE guideline 2023, recurrent implantation failure (RIF) according to ESHRE 2023 good practice recommendations.\n* Endometrial abnormalities include endometrial hyperplasia, intrauterine adhesions, endometrial polyp, and chronic endometritis.\n* Uterine abnormalities include leiomyomas L0, L1, or L2 (according to FIGO 2011); adenomyosis (according to MUSA 2022); congenital uterine abnormalities, include didelphus, arcuate, unicornuate, bicornuate, septate (according to ASRM 2021).\n* Untreated hydrosalpinx.","18 Years","42 Years",{"count":91,"type":22},790,[25],"The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of the letrozole-stimulated cycle strategy versus the artificial cycle strategy for endometrial preparation in women with irregular menstrual cycles after one cycle of endometrial preparation. The primary question it aims to answer is:\n\n• Does the letrozole-stimulated cycle strategy for endometrial preparation result in a higher live birth rate compared to the artificial cycle strategy in women with irregular menstrual cycles after one cycle of endometrial preparation?\n\nParticipants will undergo screening before endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer, following which they will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: LETS or AC. In the LETS group, investigators will prescribe letrozole 5 milligrams\u002Fday for 5 days to stimulate follicular development and micronized progesterone 800 milligrams\u002Fday for luteal phase support. In contrast, the AC group will receive oral estradiol valerate 6-12 milligrams\u002Fday and micronized progesterone 800 milligrams\u002Fday. Researchers will compare the LETS and AC groups to determine if there are differences in live birth rates.",[95,96,97,29],"Embryo Transfer","Irregular Menstruation","Letrozole",[99,96,97,29],"Blastocyst Transfer","2025-09-22",{"date":102,"type":39},"2025-09-25",{"date":104,"type":39},"2024-04-22",{"date":106,"type":22},"2026-04",{"name":108,"class":46},"Mỹ Đức Hospital",{"id":110,"slug":111,"hasResults":11,"nctId":112,"briefTitle":113,"officialTitle":114,"acronym":115,"eligibilityCriteria":116,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":88,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":117,"targetDuration":119,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":120,"conditions":121,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":124,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":125,"startDateStruct":127,"completionDateStruct":129,"leadSponsor":131,"locationsCount":47},"100585709","resting-energy-expenditure-in-postmenopausal-women-100585709","NCT06905886","Resting Energy Expenditure in Postmenopausal Women","Impact of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Resting Energy Expenditure in Postmenopausal Women","MenoBOLISM","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Informed Consent as documented by signature\n* Healthy postmenopausal woman\n* Indication for MHT (e.g. climacteric syndrome, osteoporosis, etc.)\n* Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5 - 29.9 kg\u002Fm2\n* Non smoker\n* Willingness to maintain unchanged dietary habits and the type and frequency of sports activities throughout the entire 6-week study period. I.e. no dietary changes\u002Frestrictions, start of a special exercise program or start of any weight-loss measures are planned during the study period.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnancy or Lactation\n* Other clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, etc.)\n* Systemic hormone therapy or hormonal contraception (estrogens, progestogens, androgens) during the study and within 12 weeks prior to study entry\n* Phytotherapeutics for therapy of climacteric syndrome during the study and within 12 weeks prior to study entry\n* Use of psychotropic drugs and other drugs that have an influence on resting energy expenditure during the study and within 12 weeks prior to study entry\n* Substance abuse (e.g. nicotine, alcohol, drugs)\n* Use of appetite suppressants\n* Hypersensitivity or allergy to class of drugs or to any ingredients of the used IMPs (Oestrogel® and Utrogestan®)\n* Contraindication for estradiol or progesterone medication according to swissmedicinfo.ch: Neoplasia of the breast or other sexual organ; Benign or malignant liver tumors; Acute or chronic liver disease; Cholestatic jaundice; Porphyria; Arterial or venous thromboembolic events; Abnormal genital bleeding of unknown cause\n* Use of medication with active ingredients that interact with the metabolization of estradiol or progesterone. For each medication a drug interaction check will be performed: Lexicomp® Drug Interactions, UpToDate®\n* Known or suspected non-compliance due to inability to follow the procedures of the study (e.g. illiteracy, language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc.)",{"count":118,"type":22},37,"6 Weeks","Obesity and its associated comorbidities are rising at an alarming rate, particularly among postmenopausal women. Menopause, characterized by a decline in estradiol and progesterone levels, is often accompanied by weight gain. Fear of this weight gain is a major reason why many women hesitate to initiate or continue menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), with discontinuation often occurring within the first few months. However, scientific evidence on whether MHT influences weight gain remains inconclusive. A Cochrane Review found no significant effect of estrogen or combined estrogen-progestogen therapy on menopause-related weight gain, suggesting that aging and lifestyle changes play a more prominent role.\n\nWhile the effects of estrogen on energy intake have been well-documented, data on its impact on energy expenditure-particularly resting energy expenditure (REE), the largest component of total energy expenditure-are scarce. Several studies suggest that sex hormones may influence REE, as observed in premenopausal women, where REE increases during the luteal phase when estradiol and progesterone levels are high. However, findings on this topic remain inconsistent, and it is unclear whether estrogen or progesterone plays the primary role. Research on the effects of exogenous hormone administration, such as MHT, on REE is extremely limited, with existing studies producing mixed results. Additionally, the potential influence of progestogens on REE has been largely overlooked. Given that a low REE is a strong predictor of weight gain and obesity, understanding the effects of MHT on REE is crucial.\n\nThis observational clinical trial aims to investigate the precise effect of MHT (estradiol + progesterone) on REE in postmenopausal women with an indication for MHT. Secondary objectives include examining MHT's impact on energy intake, physical activity energy expenditure, performance capacity, body composition, core body temperature, serum hormone profiles (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone), glucose metabolism, fasting blood lipid levels, and miRNA expression (miR-370 and miR-29b, which are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism). Additionally, the study will assess various aspects of subjective well-being and quality of life.\n\nBy addressing the current gaps in scientific knowledge, this study seeks to provide robust evidence on the role of MHT in energy metabolism, potentially reshaping perspectives on its risks and benefits in postmenopausal women.",[122,123,29],"Postmenopause","Energy Expenditure","2025-03-31",{"date":126,"type":39},"2025-04-02",{"date":128,"type":22},"2025-08",{"date":130,"type":22},"2027-02",{"name":132,"class":46},"Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern",{"id":134,"slug":135,"hasResults":11,"nctId":136,"briefTitle":137,"officialTitle":138,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":139,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":140,"maxAge":141,"enrollmentInfo":142,"targetDuration":144,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":145,"conditions":146,"keywords":149,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":154,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":155,"startDateStruct":157,"completionDateStruct":159,"leadSponsor":161,"locationsCount":47},"100543559","assessment-of-endometrial-thickness-among-adolescent-and-young-adult-patients-on-estrogen-replacement-therapy-using-daily-oral-micronized-progesterone-versus-the-etonogestrel-implant-100543559","NCT06357442","Assessment of Endometrial Thickness Among Adolescent and Young Adult Patients on Estrogen Replacement Therapy Using Daily Oral Micronized Progesterone Versus the Etonogestrel Implant.","Assessment of Endometrial Thickness Among Adolescent and Young Adult Patients on Estrogen Replacement Therapy Using Continuous Oral Micronized Progesterone Versus the Etonogestrel Implant: a Prospective Pilot Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 12-25 years at baseline\n* Female assigned at birth, with uterus\n* Diagnosis of primary ovarian insufficiency or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, requiring estrogen replacement therapy\n* Receiving estradiol therapy-oral (1-2mg) or transdermal (0.05-0.1mg)-for at least 3 months\n* Never used progesterone therapy or discontinued progesterone therapy at least 90-days prior to enrollment\n* Consents to initiating progesterone therapy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Uterine abnormality (e.g., Müllerian Anomaly, uterine fibroids)\n* Inability to characterize the endometrial lining on ultrasound\n* History of chemotherapy or radiation therapy\n* Inability to complete study questionnaire","12 Years","25 Years",{"count":143,"type":22},34,"6 Months","The goal of this observational study is to compare endometrial stripe thickness in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with a uterus on estrogen replacement therapy using oral progesterone versus the etonogstrel implant for endometrial protection.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nAim 1: Characterize the mean endometrial thickness in AYA on estrogen hormone replacement therapy before initiation of progesterone therapy\n\nAim 2: Characterize the mean changes and variability in endometrial thickness in AYA treated for 6 months with either the etonogestrel implant or continuous oral progesterone\n\nAim 3: Assess satisfaction, side effects, bleeding patterns, any progesterone modifications, and adherence in AYA treated for 6 months with either etonogestrel implant or continuous progesterone\n\nParticipants will be asked to:\n\n* Get two pelvic ultrasounds\n* Fill out two surveys\n* Continue their current hormone replacement therapy\n* Initiate one of two progesterone therapies (prometrium 100mg daily or Nexplanon)\n\nResearchers will compare the change in endometrial thickness after 6 months of progesterone use to see if there is a significant difference in the mean change between the prometrium and Nexplanon groups.",[147,148,29],"Primary Ovarian Insufficiency","Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism",[67,150,151,152,153],"hypogonadism","primary ovarian insufficiency","endometrial protection","progesterone replacement therapy","2024-12-03",{"date":156,"type":39},"2024-12-06",{"date":158,"type":39},"2024-07-01",{"date":160,"type":22},"2026-07-01",{"name":162,"class":46},"University of Colorado, Denver",{"id":164,"slug":165,"hasResults":11,"nctId":166,"briefTitle":167,"officialTitle":167,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":168,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":88,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":169,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":171,"conditions":172,"keywords":182,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":186,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":187,"startDateStruct":189,"completionDateStruct":191,"leadSponsor":193,"locationsCount":47},"100570688","histological-results-in-transgender-individuals-assigned-to-females-at-birth-undergoing-gender-affirmation-surgery-and-in-testosterone-therapy-100570688","NCT06710496","HISTOLOGICAL RESULTS IN TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS ASSIGNED TO FEMALES AT BIRTH UNDERGOING GENDER AFFIRMATION SURGERY AND IN TESTOSTERONE THERAPY","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* gender incongruence diagnosis\n* people assigned female at birth\n* age \\>18 years\n* gender affirming surgery with hysterectomy\n* testosterone therapy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* previous gynecological surgery\n* previous gynecological disorder diagnosis",{"count":170,"type":22},100,"The aim of this study is to report histological results of genital organs removed during gender affirmg surgery in transgender people assigned female at birth (AFAB), to increase the knowledge about the long-term effects of gender affirming hormone therapy with testosterone on these organs and to evaluate the incidence of benign and malign gynecological pathology in AFAB transgender people.",[173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,29,181],"Pregnancy","Smoking Behavior","Testosterone Replacement Therapy","Drugs","Comorbidities and Coexisting Conditions","Gynecological Surgery","Transgender Men","Gender Affirmation Surgery","Gynecological Disorders",[183,184,185],"transgender","afab","histology","2024-11-26",{"date":188,"type":39},"2024-11-29",{"date":190,"type":22},"2024-12",{"date":192,"type":22},"2025-12",{"name":194,"class":46},"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna",{"id":196,"slug":197,"hasResults":11,"nctId":198,"briefTitle":199,"officialTitle":200,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":201,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":88,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":202,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":204,"briefSummary":206,"conditions":207,"keywords":212,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":216,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":217,"startDateStruct":219,"completionDateStruct":221,"leadSponsor":223,"locationsCount":47},"100557927","phase-4-determining-dose-equivalence-between-oral-and-transdermal-estrogen-treatment-in-women-with-turner-syndrome-100557927","NCT06544473","Determining Dose Equivalence Between Oral and Transdermal Estrogen Treatment in Women With Turner Syndrome","Determining Dose Equivalence Between Oral and Transdermal Estrogen Treatment in Women With Turner Syndrome - A Randomized Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of TS regardless of karyotype\n* Age 18-50 years\n* Already receiving estrogen treatment\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active systemic chronic diseases\n* Known or suspected breast cancer\n* Known or suspected estradiol-dependent tumors (endometrial cancer or similar)\n* Untreated endometrial hyperplasia\n* Current or previous venous thromboembolism\n* Acute or previous liver disease where liver enzymes are still elevated by a factor 3 or more\n* Known hypersensitivity to the medications used\n* Pregnancy",{"count":203,"type":22},50,[205],"PHASE4","This 5-week, phase IV randomized crossover trial aims to compare the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women with Turner syndrome (TS). The objective is to establish the equipotency between the two estradiol regimens by evaluating various estradiol-dependent surrogate markers. The study involves 50 women with TS, aged 18-50 years, who are randomized to receive either oral or transdermal ERT for 14 days, followed by a crossover to the alternate treatment for another 14 days, with a one-week washout period in between. Blood tests are conducted at baseline, after the first 14 days of treatment, after the washout period, and after the final 14 days of treatment. The investigators anticipate that this study will provide clinicians with a better understanding of ERT in treating women with TS.",[208,209,29,210,211],"Turner Syndrome","Hypogonadism; Ovarian","Estrogen Replacement Therapy","Estrogen Deficiency",[213,29,210,214,215],"Turner syndrome","Estrogen treatment","Dose equipotency","2024-08-22",{"date":218,"type":39},"2024-08-23",{"date":220,"type":39},"2021-11-29",{"date":222,"type":22},"2026-12-31",{"name":224,"class":46},"Aarhus University Hospital",{"id":226,"slug":227,"hasResults":11,"nctId":228,"briefTitle":229,"officialTitle":230,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":231,"healthyVolunteers":56,"sex":17,"minAge":88,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":232,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":233,"briefSummary":234,"conditions":235,"keywords":236,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":216,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":240,"startDateStruct":242,"completionDateStruct":243,"leadSponsor":244,"locationsCount":47},"100559924","phase-4-long-term-effects-of-oral-versus-transdermal-estrogen-replacement-therapy-in-turner-syndrome-100559924","NCT06570460","Long Term Effects of Oral Versus Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Turner Syndrome","Long Term Effects of Oral Versus Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Turner Syndrome - A Randomized Trial","Inclusion criteria:\n\nFor participants with TS:\n\n* Diagnosis of TS regardless of karyotype\n* Age 18-50 years\n* Already receiving estrogen treatment\n\nFor healthy controls:\n\n* Female\n* Age 18-50 years\n* Previously healthy\n* Not receiving any medication\n* Not using any form of contraceptive pills\n* No mental or psychiatric disorders\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Active systemic chronic diseases\n* Known or suspected breast cancer\n* Known or suspected estradiol-dependent tumors (endometrial cancer or similar)\n* Untreated endometrial hyperplasia\n* Current or previous venous thromboembolism\n* Acute or previous liver disease where liver enzymes are still elevated by a factor 3 or more\n* Known hypersensitivity to the medications used\n* Pregnancy\n* Menopause (for the control group only)",{"count":203,"type":22},[205],"This 14-month, phase IV, randomized controlled crossover trial aims to compare the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women with Turner syndrome (TS). The study's objectives are to clarify endocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and thromboembolic risk factors in TS after a wash-out period without estrogen (E2) treatment; compare the effects of oral versus transdermal (TD) ERT regimens; and examine the long-term effects of E2 administration via these two routes. The study involves 50 TS women aged 18-50 years and 50 control participants. TS participants are randomized to receive either oral or TD ERT for six months, followed by crossover to the alternate treatment for another six months. Prior to randomization, any existing ERT will be discontinued for a 1-month washout period. A second 1-month washout period will occur between the two 6-month treatment phases. Laboratory analyses and clinical investigations are performed after the first wash-out period, after the first six months of treatment, and after the last six months of treatment. We anticipate that this study may provide a basis for new and improved recommendations for sex hormone replacement therapy in TS.",[208,209,29,210,211],[213,237,238,214,239],"Hormone replacement therapy","Estrogen replacement therapy","Long term side effects",{"date":241,"type":39},"2024-08-26",{"date":220,"type":39},{"date":222,"type":22},{"name":224,"class":46}]