[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"labor-pain\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:labor-pain":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,34,0,25,[9,49,65,96,140,173,207,241,268,290,314,339,372,396,422,449,473,495,522,551,581,608,634,658,689],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":25,"briefSummary":27,"conditions":28,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":38,"startDateStruct":41,"completionDateStruct":43,"leadSponsor":45,"locationsCount":48},"100054108","phase-4-ed90-of-epidural-bupivacaine-with-lidocaine-for-the-initiation-of-labor-analgesia-100054108",false,"NCT05543694","ED90 of Epidural Bupivacaine With Lidocaine for the Initiation of Labor Analgesia","ED90 of Epidural Bupivacaine for the Initiation of Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Biased Coin Sequential Allocation Trial With a Lidocaine Test Dose","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturient with no major co-morbidities\n* Singleton, vertex gestation at term (37-42 weeks)\n* Less than or equal to 5 cm dilation\n* Desire to receive epidural labor analgesia\n* Numerical Rating Scale greater or equal to 5 (NRS 0-10, where 0 = no pain, and 10 = worst pain imaginable), at time of epidural labor analgesia request.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Current or historical evidence of clinically significant disease or condition, including diseases of pregnancy (i.e preeclampsia, gestational diabetes)\n* Any contraindication to the administration of an epidural technique\n* History of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to an amide local anesthetic agent\n* Current or historical evidence of a disease which may result in the risk of a cesarean delivery (i.e. history of uterine rupture). NB: Exception-trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) will be eligible.\n* Evidence of anticipated fetal anomalies",true,"FEMALE","18 Years","50 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},120,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[26],"PHASE4","To estimate the dose of bupivacaine required to achieve initial effective comfort in 90% of patients (ED90) via the epidural (DPE or EPL) technique in women undergoing labor after receiving a lidocaine \"test dose\"",[29,30],"Labor Pain","Analgesia",[32,33,34,35],"Dural puncture epidural","Neuraxial Analgesia","Bupivacaine","Local Anesthetic","RECRUITING","2026-07-10",{"date":39,"type":40},"2026-07-13","ACTUAL",{"date":42,"type":40},"2022-10-01",{"date":44,"type":23},"2027-06-30",{"name":46,"class":47},"Brigham and Women's Hospital","OTHER",1,{"id":50,"slug":51,"hasResults":12,"nctId":52,"briefTitle":53,"officialTitle":54,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":55,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":56,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":57,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":60,"startDateStruct":61,"completionDateStruct":63,"leadSponsor":64,"locationsCount":48},"100054320","phase-4-ed90-of-bupivacaine-after-lidocaine-test-dose-with-dpe-and-epl-100054320","NCT06146842","ED90 of Bupivacaine After Lidocaine Test Dose With DPE and EPL","A Trial to Determine the Optimal Bupivacaine Dose for Initiation of Labor Epidural Pain Relief With a Lidocaine Test Dose","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Parturient with no major co-morbidities\n2. Singleton, vertex gestation at term (37-42 weeks)\n3. Less than or equal to 5 cm dilation\n4. Desire to receive epidural labor analgesia\n5. Numerical Rating Scale greater than or equal to 5 (NRS 0-10, where 0 = no pain, and 10 = worst pain imaginable), at time of epidural labor analgesia request.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Current or historical evidence of clinically significant disease or condition, including diseases of pregnancy (i.e., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes)\n2. Any contraindication to the administration of an epidural technique (e.g., thrombocytopenia, antiplatelet meds).\n3. History of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to an amide local anesthetic agent\n4. Evidence of anticipated fetal complications (i.e., fetal anomalies, IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction), oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios)",{"count":22,"type":23},[26],"The primary objective of our study is to use a biased coin up-down allocation methodology to estimate the dose of bupivacaine required after the lidocaine test dose to achieve initial effective comfort in 90% of patients (post test-dose ED90) via the epidural (DPE or EPL) technique in women undergoing labor induction or augmentation; the investigators hypothesize that the investigators will be able to determine the post test-dose ED90 of bupivacaine for each technique with adequate precision to inform the optimal doses to study in a subsequent randomized trial comparing the analgesic effects of DPE vs. EPL. The investigators also hypothesize that the post test-dose ED90 of bupivacaine is lower with a DPE technique than with a conventional epidural technique.",[29],{"date":39,"type":40},{"date":62,"type":40},"2023-12-01",{"date":44,"type":23},{"name":46,"class":47},{"id":66,"slug":67,"hasResults":12,"nctId":68,"briefTitle":69,"officialTitle":70,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":71,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":72,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":74,"briefSummary":76,"conditions":77,"keywords":80,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":87,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":88,"startDateStruct":90,"completionDateStruct":92,"leadSponsor":94,"locationsCount":48},"100643952","early-labor-pre-marking-for-epidural-analgesia-ultrasound-vs-manual-palpation-100643952","NCT07669441","Early Labor Pre-Marking for Epidural Analgesia: Ultrasound vs Manual Palpation","Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Landmark-Based Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturients aged 18 years and older, with gestational age at 37 weeks or older.\n* Actively requesting epidural analgesia for labor pain management without any contraindication to the procedure.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturients with spinal abnormalities or a history of spinal surgery.\n* Inability to visualize epidural landmarks under ultrasound imaging.\n* Parturients experiencing severe pain requiring immediate, emergent labor analgesia.",{"count":73,"type":23},100,[75],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if finding and marking the best spot on the back early in labor helps doctors perform epidural pain relief more successfully in pregnant women. Usually, epidural pain relief is requested when labor pain is already severe, which makes it hard for women to hold still. This makes it difficult to find the right needle spot, leading to more needle attempts\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\n* Does using ultrasound to mark the back early in labor (before severe pain starts) help the doctor place the needle correctly on first try without adjusting it?\n* Does this early marking method lower the number of needle attempts and the time it takes to finish the procedure? Researchers will compare marking the back using an ultrasound machine to the standard method of feeling the spine with hands. Both methods will be done early in the waiting room to avoid the challenges caused by severe pain. Importantly, neither the pregnant women nor the doctors performing the epidural will know which marking method was used. This design prevents personal beliefs or expectations from affecting the procedure, making the study results objective and trustworthy.\n\nParticipants will, if consented and participated in the study:\n\n* Have their lower back examined and marked by a doctor early in labor using either an ultrasound machine or the doctor's hands.\n* Receive an epidural pain relief in the delivery room when they request it. This will be done by a different doctor who does not know how the back was marked.\n* Answer short questions about their pain level and how happy they are with the procedure.",[29,78,79],"Epidural Analgesia for Labour and Delivery","Neuraxial Ultrasound",[81,29,79,82,83,84,85,86],"Epidural Analgesia","Preprocedural Spinal Ultrasound","Anatomical Landmark Palpation","Obstetric Anesthesia","Regional Anesthesia","First-pass success","2026-06-24",{"date":89,"type":40},"2026-06-29",{"date":91,"type":40},"2026-06-01",{"date":93,"type":23},"2026-08-30",{"name":95,"class":47},"University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City (UMC)",{"id":97,"slug":98,"hasResults":12,"nctId":99,"briefTitle":100,"officialTitle":101,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":102,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":104,"enrollmentInfo":105,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":107,"briefSummary":108,"conditions":109,"keywords":118,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":132,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":133,"startDateStruct":135,"completionDateStruct":136,"leadSponsor":138,"locationsCount":48},"100641975","use-of-perineal-mirror-during-the-second-stage-of-labor-100641975","NCT07659249","USE OF PERINEAL MIRROR DURING THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR","THE EFFECT OF PERİNEAL MİRROR USE DURİNG THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR ON THE DURATİON OF THE SECOND STAGE, RECOVERY, AND PERCEİVED PAİN, SUPPORT, AND CONTROL LEVELS DURİNG DELİVERY","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 19 and over\n* Women with term pregnancy (38+0 - 41+6)\n* Women with singleton pregnancy\n* Women who have had spontaneous vaginal delivery\n* Primiparous pregnant women\n* Women who voluntarily agree to participate in the study will be included.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women with high-risk pregnancies\n* Women with multiple pregnancies","19 Years","49 Years",{"count":106,"type":23},80,[75],"Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of perineal mirror use during the second stage of labor on the duration of the second stage, postpartum recovery, and perceived pain, support, and control levels during delivery.\n\nMethod: The study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study to examine the effect of perineal mirror use on delivery outcomes in primiparous women. The study population consisted of primiparous pregnant women admitted to the maternity clinic between June 29, 2026, and October 30, 2026. The sample size was calculated using the G\\*Power 3.1.9.2 program with an effect size of 0.50, 5% Type I error, and 95% power level; a total of 72 participants were selected, 36 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group. Considering potential losses, the sample size was increased by 10%, and a total of 80 pregnant women were planned to be included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group using a perineal mirror and the control group receiving routine care. The following instruments will be used as data collection tools: Pregnancy Demographic Information Form, REEDA Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Perceived Support and Control in Childbirth Scale.\n\nExpected Outcome: It is predicted that the perineal mirror may increase the woman's active participation, motivation, and perceived control by allowing her to see the fetal descent and the progress of labor; consequently, it may reduce the duration of active pushing and the duration of the second stage. It is also thought that it may have positive effects on the birth experience, postpartum recovery, and perceived level of support and control. The research results are expected to provide evidence for non-invasive and low-cost applications that can be used in childbirth care.",[110,111,112,113,114,29,115,116,117],"Labor, Second Stage","Vaginal Delivery","Primiparity","Perineal Mirror Use","Childbirth Experience","Perceived Support During Childbirth","Perceived Control During Childbirth","Postpartum Perineal Healing",[119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130],"Midwifery","Perineal mirror","Second stage of labor","Vaginal birth","Primiparous women","Labor duration","Childbirth pain","Perceived support","Perceived control","REEDA scale","Maternal outcomes","Non-invasive intervention","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-18",{"date":134,"type":40},"2026-06-22",{"date":89,"type":23},{"date":137,"type":23},"2026-10-30",{"name":139,"class":47},"Sakarya University",{"id":141,"slug":142,"hasResults":12,"nctId":143,"briefTitle":144,"officialTitle":145,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":146,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":147,"enrollmentInfo":148,"targetDuration":150,"studyType":151,"phases":4,"briefSummary":152,"conditions":153,"keywords":158,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":163,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":164,"startDateStruct":166,"completionDateStruct":168,"leadSponsor":170,"locationsCount":172},"100436511","neuraxial-labor-analgesia-and-offspring-neurodevelopment-100436511","NCT04964206","Neuraxial Labor Analgesia and Offspring Neurodevelopment","Impact of Maternal Neuraxial Labor Analgesia on Offspring Neurodevelopment. A Multicenter, Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Primiparae between 18 and 35 years of age with term single cephalic pregnancy;\n2. Undergo regular prenatal examination in the study centers;\n3. Preparing to deliver vaginally.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of psychiatric diseases (indicate those that are diagnosed before or during pregnancy by psychiatrists);\n2. History of diseases involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis;\n3. Presence of contraindications to epidural analgesia, which includes: (1) History of infectious disease of the central nervous system (poliomyelitis, cerebrospinal meningitis, encephalitis, etc.); (2) History of spinal or intra-spinal disease (trauma or surgery of spinal column, intra-spinal canal mass, etc.); (3) Systemic infection (sepsis); (4) Skin or soft tissue infection at the site of epidural puncture; (5) Coagulopathy.\n4. Presence of contraindications to vaginal delivery;\n5. Other reasons that are considered unsuitable for study participation.","35 Years",{"count":149,"type":23},4645,"24 Months","OBSERVATIONAL","How perinatal factors affect the long-term development of children has always been an issue of much concern. This study is designed to explore the potential impact of maternal neuraxial labor analgesia exposure on offspring neurodevelopment.",[154,29,155,156,157],"Pregnant Women","Analgesia, Epidural","Infants","Neurodevelopmental Disorders",[159,160,161,156,162],"Pregnant women","Labor pain","Neuraxial labour analgesia","Neurodevelopmental disorders","2026-06-05",{"date":165,"type":40},"2026-06-09",{"date":167,"type":40},"2022-10-14",{"date":169,"type":23},"2028-12",{"name":171,"class":47},"Dong-Xin Wang",2,{"id":174,"slug":175,"hasResults":12,"nctId":176,"briefTitle":177,"officialTitle":178,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":179,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":180,"enrollmentInfo":181,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":151,"phases":4,"briefSummary":183,"conditions":184,"keywords":187,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":198,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":199,"startDateStruct":201,"completionDateStruct":203,"leadSponsor":205,"locationsCount":48},"100640532","labor-epidural-analgesia-and-mother-infant-bonding-after-vaginal-delivery-100640532","NCT07582289","Labor Epidural Analgesia and Mother-Infant Bonding After Vaginal Delivery","Association Between Postpartum Recovery Quality Measured by ObsQoR-10 and Mother-Infant Bonding After Vaginal Delivery: The Role of Labor Epidural Analgesia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female participants aged 18 to 40 years\n* Term singleton pregnancy (≥37 weeks)\n* Planned vaginal delivery\n* ASA physical status II\n* Ability to understand Turkish\n* Written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindications to epidural analgesia including coagulopathy, anticoagulant use, infection, or increased intracranial pressure\n* Cesarean delivery\n* High-risk pregnancy\n* Neonatal intensive care unit requirement\n* Major depressive disorder\n* Anxiety disorder\n* Current psychotropic medication use","40 Years",{"count":182,"type":23},140,"This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the association between postpartum recovery quality and mother-infant bonding in women undergoing vaginal delivery. Postpartum recovery quality will be assessed using the Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10 (ObsQoR-10) questionnaire, and mother-infant bonding will be evaluated using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ).\n\nParticipants will be grouped according to routine clinical labor analgesia preference: women receiving labor epidural analgesia and women not receiving epidural analgesia. Additional assessments will include postpartum pain intensity, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and birth satisfaction.\n\nBaseline psychological assessments will be performed before delivery. The primary postpartum evaluation will be conducted between 6 and 24 hours after delivery. Exploratory follow-up assessments will be performed by telephone during postpartum week 2.\n\nThe study aims to better understand the relationship between labor analgesia, postpartum recovery, and early mother-infant bonding outcomes after vaginal delivery.",[185,186,29],"Postpartum Recovery","Mother-infant Bonding",[188,189,190,191,192,193,194,185,195,84,196,197],"Labor Epidural Analgesia","Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire","PBQ","EPDS","STAIS-5","ObsQoR-10","Vaginal Birth","Maternal Bonding","Postpartum Anxiety","Postpartum Depression","2026-05-30",{"date":200,"type":40},"2026-06-03",{"date":202,"type":23},"2026-05-15",{"date":204,"type":23},"2029-06-17",{"name":206,"class":47},"Ataturk University",{"id":208,"slug":209,"hasResults":12,"nctId":210,"briefTitle":211,"officialTitle":212,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":213,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":180,"enrollmentInfo":214,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":216,"briefSummary":217,"conditions":218,"keywords":223,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":232,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":233,"startDateStruct":235,"completionDateStruct":237,"leadSponsor":239,"locationsCount":48},"100634646","effects-of-midwife-guided-birth-affirmation-cards-on-labor-process-and-experience-n-primigravidas-100634646","NCT07542392","Effects of Midwife-guided biırth Affirmation Cards on Labor Process and Experience ın Primigravidas","Effect of Midwife-Guided Birth Affirmation Cards on Labor Duration, Pain, Fear, Control and Perceived Support in Primigravidas: A Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Having a singleton pregnancy between 37-42 weeks of gestation\n* Being between 18-40 years of age\n* Being a primigravida\n* Having a cephalic presentation with vertex position\n* Being in the active phase of labor (cervical dilatation ≥4 cm)\n* Accepting non-invasive interventions\n* Having no mental or physical disability\n* Being able to understand and speak Turkish\n* Willingness to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* High-risk pregnancies\n* Pregnant women at risk of intrapartum complications (e.g., oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, intrauterine fetal demise, placenta previa, placental abruption, acute fetal distress, preeclampsia, fetal dystocia, macrosomia, etc.)\n* Pregnant women with a history of medical or obstetric complications\n* Women who have attended antenatal education classes (pregnancy school)\n* Women using epidural analgesia or other pharmacological pain management methods\n* Women experiencing communication difficulties\n* Women who are unwilling to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria from the Study\n* Experiencing dizziness, shortness of breath, or other discomfort,\n* Difficult and prolonged labor, instrumental delivery, placental retention, postpartum hemorrhage, need for neonatal intensive care,\n* Situations requiring emergency cesarean section during labor,\n* The woman will be excluded from the study if she ceases to cooperate during labor.",{"count":215,"type":23},60,[75],"The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of midwife-guided birth affirmation cards on labor duration, pain level, fear of childbirth, perceived control, and perceived support in primigravidas. The study seeks to determine whether this non-pharmacological approach used during labor improves the childbirth experience. Accordingly, the research aims to answer the question: \"Do midwife-guided birth affirmation cards affect labor duration and the childbirth experience, including pain, fear, perceived control, and perceived support, in primigravidas?\"",[219,29,220,221,222],"Duration of Labor","Fear of Childbirth","Control (Internet Only)","Support",[224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231],"Affirmation cards","labor pain","fear of childbirth","perceived control","perceived support","midwifery care","primigravida","non-pharmacological methods","2026-05-18",{"date":234,"type":40},"2026-05-19",{"date":236,"type":40},"2026-03-27",{"date":238,"type":23},"2026-08-31",{"name":240,"class":47},"KTO Karatay University",{"id":242,"slug":243,"hasResults":12,"nctId":244,"briefTitle":245,"officialTitle":246,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":247,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":248,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":249,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":250,"briefSummary":251,"conditions":252,"keywords":254,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":259,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":260,"startDateStruct":262,"completionDateStruct":264,"leadSponsor":266,"locationsCount":4},"100637355","storytelling-for-provider-empathy--patient-trust-in-obstetric-care-100637355","NCT07588308","Storytelling for Provider Empathy & Patient Trust in Obstetric Care","Co-Developing a Nurse-Led, Community-Engaged Intervention to Improve Labor Pain Management and Build Trust in Obstetric Care","Inclusion Criteria\n\nProvider Participants:\n\n* Licensed clinician employed or credentialed at Duke Health Birthing Centers (nurse, anesthesia care provider, obstetrician, or nurse midwife).\n* In clinical practice for at least 6 months post-orientation.\n* Able to read and understand English.\n\nPatient Participants:\n\n* Self-identified non-Hispanic Black American women.\n* Age ≥18 years.\n* Able to read and converse in English.\n* Receiving obstetric care from a provider who is already enrolled in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria\n\nProvider Participants:\n\n* Providers in training or with \\\u003C6 months independent clinical practice.\n* Providers unwilling or unable to give informed consent.\n\nPatient Participants:\n\n* Under 18 years of age.\n* Non-English speakers (due to study survey language limitations).\n* Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent.","ALL",{"count":22,"type":23},[75],"Aim 3 is a provider-focused pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating a digital storytelling intervention to increase obstetric care providers' empathy and to examine associations with postpartum patient trust. Providers randomized to the intervention view a video of Black women's labor pain and care experiences and complete a brief reflection; control providers receive general culturally sensitive care materials. Outcomes include change in provider empathy (primary) and patient trust among Black postpartum patients under those providers' care (secondary). Risks are minimal and mitigated via consent, voluntary participation, the option to skip questions, and secure data practices.",[253,29],"Pregnancy",[255,256,257,258],"Empathy","Cultural Competency","Provider-Patient Relations","Trust","2026-05-08",{"date":261,"type":40},"2026-05-14",{"date":263,"type":23},"2026-06",{"date":265,"type":23},"2026-07",{"name":267,"class":47},"Duke University",{"id":269,"slug":270,"hasResults":12,"nctId":271,"briefTitle":272,"officialTitle":273,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":274,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":275,"enrollmentInfo":276,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":277,"briefSummary":278,"conditions":279,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":281,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":282,"startDateStruct":284,"completionDateStruct":286,"leadSponsor":288,"locationsCount":48},"100537701","neuraxial-ultrasound-device-study-100537701","NCT06281249","Neuraxial Ultrasound Device Study","Real-time Spine Ultrasound Imaging System: Data Collection Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 18 years or older\n* The patient is eligible for placement of neuraxial anesthesia, and the patient has agreed to the procedure.\n* Patient skin is intact in the area of placement of the epidural or spinal anesthesia.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindication to epidural catheter placement including bleeding diathesis (essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, von Willebrand disease, and hemophilia A or B), neurological dysfunction (multiple sclerosis, subacute myeloopticoneuropathy or preexisting lower limb neurological deficit), prior extensive spinal surgery or major spinal deformity, pre-operative use of anti-coagulant with planned use of therapeutic dose of anti-coagulant in post-operatively, documented pre-operative coagulopathy (INR greater than 1.3 not on Coumadin or PTT greater than 42), platelets less than 70,000\u002FμL, or evidence of infection at potential epidural site.\n* Presence of orthopedic implants in the spine.\n* Skin dyscrasias or allergies to the ultrasound procedure.\n* Unable to assume sitting position.\n* Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 20 kg\u002Fm2.\n* Known allergies to ultrasound gel.\n* Known history of allergic reactions to adhesives used in standard epidural placement","65 Years",{"count":73,"type":23},[75],"The aim of the study is to develop a device that can eliminate failed neuraxial placements in challenging patients.The study will attempt to improve safety and efficacy of neuraxial anesthesia with high precision real-time needle visualization through automated real-time needle guidance at the bedside with an experimental device (Accuro 3S). Investigators will verify the clinical workflow for utilizing the Accuro 3S during epidural and spinal procedures and validation of needle visualization while using the device as well as anatomical guidance provided by the device during spinal imaging.The underlying bone imaging enhancement algorithms were introduced in the commercially available FDA approved Accuro. The Accuro 3S will be used to establish needle insertion point and trajectory, after which the clinician will use standard of care methods to advance the needle such as the loss of resistance method.",[29,280],"Cesarean Delivery Regional Anesthesia Induction","2026-04-21",{"date":283,"type":40},"2026-04-24",{"date":285,"type":23},"2026-12-15",{"date":287,"type":23},"2027-12",{"name":289,"class":47},"Stanford University",{"id":291,"slug":292,"hasResults":12,"nctId":293,"briefTitle":294,"officialTitle":295,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":296,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":297,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":151,"phases":4,"briefSummary":298,"conditions":299,"keywords":300,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":305,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":306,"startDateStruct":308,"completionDateStruct":310,"leadSponsor":312,"locationsCount":48},"100605821","continuous-remote-vital-sign-monitoring-during-labour-analgesia-with-remifentanil-100605821","NCT07167498","Continuous Remote Vital Sign Monitoring During Labour Analgesia With Remifentanil","Continuous Remote Vital Sign Monitoring During Labour Analgesia With Remifentanil - a Prospective Observational Study","Inclusion criteria:\n\n* Minimum 18 years of age\n* Able to provide written informed consent\n* Giving birth to a singleton, cephalic presenting, expected healthy child, gestational age \\> 37 weeks.\n* In active labour\n\nExclusion criteria\n\n* Respiratory or cardiac disease\n* BMI ≥ 40 Other opioids within the last 4 hours.",{"count":106,"type":23},"Continuous remote vital sign monitoring during labour analgesia with remifentanil - a prospective observational study\n\nRemifentanil PCA represents a well-tolerated, effective and valuable option for labour analgesia, yet its wider implementation is still limited by concerns of opioid side-effects particularly the risk of respiratory depression leading to desaturation, potentially affecting the foetus. Thus, continuous one-to-one observation and monitoring in the delivery room, with the midwife unable to leave the patient unattended, is recommended. Such constant one-to-one monitoring may be challenging in present health-care settings where staffing constraints may limit the implementation of remifentanil as routine obstetric care.\n\nContinuous remote vital sign monitoring to display oxygen saturation (SpO₂), respiratory rate, and heart rate on a handheld device (smartphone), has the potential to address this barrier by allowing the midwife to leave the labour room for short, predefined intervals while maintaining continuous surveillance of maternal vital signs. Such an approach could free staff resources without compromising patient safety. While centralised foetal monitoring (CTG) is standard practice in many units, the application of continuous remote vital sign monitoring for women receiving remifentanil during labour has, to our knowledge, never been formally studied.\n\nObjectives The aim is to study whether remote monitoring during remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for labour affects the incidence of maternal desaturation and other safety outcomes (bradypnoea, bradycardia, and neonatal outcomes, assessed via Apgar scores and umbilical cord pH.) The study will be conducted in a setting where remifentanil PCA is administered for labour analgesia and the midwife is permitted to leave the labour room for intervals of up to 10 minutes while the woman is remotely monitored using a handheld device carried by the midwife. Predefined criteria for when the woman must be accompanied (e.g., if SpO₂ \\\u003C 94%, supplemental oxygen \\>2L\u002Fmin., or decreased consciousness). Outcomes in this group will be compared with a control group where the midwife remains continuously present in the labour room.",[29],[301,302,303,304],"remifentanil","labour analgesia","remote monitoring","safety","2026-04-06",{"date":307,"type":40},"2026-04-08",{"date":309,"type":23},"2026-11-01",{"date":311,"type":23},"2028-06-30",{"name":313,"class":47},"Nordsjaellands Hospital",{"id":315,"slug":316,"hasResults":12,"nctId":317,"briefTitle":318,"officialTitle":319,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":320,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":321,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":323,"briefSummary":324,"conditions":325,"keywords":326,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":330,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":331,"startDateStruct":333,"completionDateStruct":335,"leadSponsor":337,"locationsCount":48},"100560061","quality-of-labour-epidural-analgesia-with-intrathecal-morphine-as-a-component-of-combined-spinal-epidural-100560061","NCT06572241","Quality of Labour Epidural Analgesia With Intrathecal Morphine as a Component of Combined Spinal Epidural","Quality of Labour Epidural Analgesia With Intrathecal Morphine as a Component of Combined Spinal Epidural: a Double-blinded Randomized Control Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult (≥18 years) term primiparous (≥37 weeks) patients with live singleton pregnancy\n* Patients who request labour analgesia and do not have any contraindications for neuraxial analgesia.\n* Less than or equal to 6 cm cervical dilation during the last vaginal examination.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who are expected to be discharged within 24 hours of delivery.\n* Patients with chronic pain conditions, opioid use disorder, pre-gestational diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, morbid obesity (BMI \\>40 kg\u002Fm2), or fetal abnormalities.\n* Patients who have intramuscular morphine within 12 hours or fentanyl \\>200 mcg in the preceding 4 hours.\n* Participants will be excluded from further analysis in case of spinal analgesic failure\n* Participants will be excluded from further analysis if labour lasts less than 2 hours",{"count":322,"type":23},182,[75],"Neuraxial analgesia has shown to be the gold standard for effective labor pain relief, offering numerous benefits including enhanced pain control and maternal satisfaction. The methods to achieve neuraxial analgesia include lumbar epidural (LE), and combined spinal epidural (CSE). While LE may not consistently provide optimal pain relief, leading to frequent maternal requests for supplemental analgesics, CSE presents a promising advancement. This is due to the rapid onset of pain relief from intrathecal components, complemented by the longer-lasting effects of epidural medications. Intrathecal drugs have demonstrated the ability to offer more symmetrical blockades compared to epidurally administered medications. Nonetheless, some clinicians remain cautious about CSE due to the potential for increased pain when transitioning from spinal to less effective epidural analgesia. Long-acting opioids like morphine in the intrathecal space may mitigate this problem by providing transitional analgesia to the laboring parturient.\n\nThe primary aim of this randomized controlled trial is to provide evidence of whether the addition of 100 mcg of morphine in the intrathecal (spinal) component of CSE reduces the rate of breakthrough pain during labor.",[29],[327,328,329],"combined spinal epidural","CSE","intrathecal morphine","2026-03-31",{"date":332,"type":40},"2026-04-01",{"date":334,"type":40},"2024-11-20",{"date":336,"type":23},"2026-12",{"name":338,"class":47},"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital",{"id":340,"slug":341,"hasResults":12,"nctId":342,"briefTitle":343,"officialTitle":344,"acronym":345,"eligibilityCriteria":346,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":347,"maxAge":348,"enrollmentInfo":349,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":351,"briefSummary":352,"conditions":353,"keywords":357,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":363,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":364,"startDateStruct":366,"completionDateStruct":368,"leadSponsor":370,"locationsCount":4},"100631508","effectiveness-of-sacral-massage-on-labor-pain-depression-stress-and-anxiety-100631508","NCT07501598","Effectiveness of Sacral Massage on Labor Pain, Depression, Stress, and Anxiety","Effectiveness of Sacral Massage on Labor Pain, Depression, Stress, and Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial","ESMLPDAS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 15-45-year-old primiparous pregnant women\n* singleton pregnancies between 38-42 weeks\n* pregnant women whose labor began spontaneously\n* pregnant women with a healthy fetus\n* pregnant women without any complications that may cause dystocia during labor\n* pregnant women for whom analgesia and anesthesia were not used during the first phase of labor\n* pregnant women who volunteered to participate in the research and who could establish verbal communication.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies\n* caesarean section indication\n* pregnant women with a chronic illnesses","15 Years","45 Years",{"count":350,"type":23},193,[75],"to identify the effectiveness of sacral massage on labor pain, depression, stress, and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial",[29,354,355,356],"Labor Anxiety","Labor Stress","Labor Depression",[358,359,360,361,362],"Labor","Pain","Anxiety","Stress","Depression","2026-03-28",{"date":365,"type":40},"2026-04-02",{"date":367,"type":23},"2026-04-20",{"date":369,"type":23},"2026-08-20",{"name":371,"class":47},"University of Basrah",{"id":373,"slug":374,"hasResults":12,"nctId":375,"briefTitle":376,"officialTitle":377,"acronym":378,"eligibilityCriteria":379,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":380,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":382,"briefSummary":383,"conditions":384,"keywords":386,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":389,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":390,"startDateStruct":391,"completionDateStruct":392,"leadSponsor":394,"locationsCount":4},"100630966","induction-of-labor-by-cervical-ripening-and-transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens-100630966","NCT07494539","Induction of Labor by Cervical Ripening and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)","Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Pain Management During Artificial Induction of Labor by Cervical Ripening.","DETENS","Pregnant women requiring labor induction by cervical ripening at the Intercommunal Hospital Center of Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye will be screened for eligibility according to the following criteria.\n\nInclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18 years or older\n* Gestational age ≥ 37 weeks of amenorrhea\n* Indication for labor induction requiring cervical ripening\n* Planned cervical ripening using oral misoprostol (Angusta)\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* Able to provide written informed consent\n* Affiliated with or beneficiary of a social security system\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindication to labor induction by cervical ripening\n* Contraindication to epidural analgesia\n* Major fetal anomaly\n* Maternal hypertension or hypotension\n* Maternal pacemaker and\u002For cardiac rhythm disorders\n* Presence of metallic prosthesis regardless of location\n* Ongoing deep vein thrombosis or under treatment for thrombosis\n* Epilepsy\n* Fever at the time of inclusion\n* Participant under legal protection (guardianship or curatorship)\n* Inability to understand the French language",{"count":381,"type":23},132,[75],"This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management during labor induction by cervical ripening.\n\nLabor induction is a common obstetric procedure and cervical ripening may be associated with painful uterine contractions. Non-pharmacological analgesic methods such as TENS could help improve pain management during this phase. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness in this context remains limited.\n\nThis randomized, controlled, open-label monocentric study will compare the use of TENS in addition to usual analgesic care versus usual analgesic care alone in pregnant women undergoing labor induction with cervical ripening. The primary objective is to assess whether TENS reduces the need for neuraxial analgesia or delays its use during labor.",[29,385],"Induction of Labor",[225,387,388],"induction of labor","TENS","2026-03-20",{"date":236,"type":40},{"date":332,"type":23},{"date":393,"type":23},"2028-04-01",{"name":395,"class":47},"HOT Noémie",{"id":397,"slug":398,"hasResults":12,"nctId":399,"briefTitle":400,"officialTitle":401,"acronym":402,"eligibilityCriteria":403,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":404,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":406,"briefSummary":407,"conditions":408,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":412,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":413,"startDateStruct":415,"completionDateStruct":417,"leadSponsor":419,"locationsCount":421},"100445392","phase-4-the-stimulation-to-induce-mothers-study-100445392","NCT05079841","The Stimulation To Induce Mothers Study","The Stimulation To Induce Mothers (STIM) Study: A Parallel Group Randomized Controlled Trial","STIM","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Nulliparous\n* Gestational age 36 0\u002F7 weeks and greater at enrollment\n* Singleton gestation\n* Planned to undergo initiation of exogenous oxytocin infusion by their maternity care provider\n* Spontaneous rupture of membranes or if membranes intact, modified Bishop score ≥5 and cervix dilated \\\u003C6 cm within one hour of enrollment\n* Ability to give informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unable to understand English or Spanish\n* Prior use of exogenous oxytocin or attempt at nipple stimulation during the current pregnancy\n* Presence of tachysystole (defined as more than 5 contractions in 10 minutes averaged over 30 minutes), recurrent variable or late fetal decelerations, and bradycardia in the prior 30 minutes before enrollment\n* Non-vertex presenting fetus at time of enrollment\n* Planned for cesarean delivery or contraindication to labor by institutional policy (e.g., placenta previa, vasa previa, active genital herpes infection, previous transmural myomectomy)\n* Multi-fetal gestation (e.g., twins, triplets, and higher-order multiples)\n* Intrauterine fetal death\n* Major fetal anomaly suspected prenatally (defined as a fetal anomaly with anticipated neonatal intensive care unit admission)\n* Suspected alloimmunization (given the increased likelihood for anticipated neonatal intensive care unit admission)\n* Known severe fetal growth restriction (estimated fetal weight \\\u003C3rd percentile) or abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies (given the increased likelihood for anticipated neonatal intensive care unit admission)\n* HIV infection (nipple stimulation is not encouraged given the recommendation for these mothers not to breastfeed)\n* Participation in another interventional study that influences management of labor and delivery or perinatal morbidity or mortality\n* History of mastectomy or other contraindication to use of electronic breast pump\n* Known allergic reactions to components of the electronic breast pump or to synthetic oxytocin intravenous solution\n* Significantly impaired consciousness or executive function (e.g., intubated or sedated)",{"count":405,"type":23},988,[26],"The investigators propose a parallel group randomized clinical trial of intrapartum nipple stimulation versus exogenous oxytocin infusion for nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor near term. The central hypothesis is that intrapartum nipple stimulation to induce labor increases spontaneous vaginal delivery, improves patient-centered outcomes such as childbirth satisfaction, labor agentry, and pain scores, and reduces adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes in nulliparous women. The investigators will pursue the following specific aims: 1) Assess the effectiveness of intrapartum nipple stimulation on the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery in nulliparous women, 2) Breastfeeding as the sole source of nutrition at time of maternal hospital discharge (Primary Aims); 3) Maximal percent newborn weight loss during the birth hospitalization within 72 hours of life, 4) Determine the effect of intrapartum nipple stimulation on the rate of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, 5) Determine the impact of intrapartum nipple stimulation on patient-centered outcomes and 6) In a sub-cohort of women who are enrolled in the trial, investigators will measure the change in oxytocin concentration from baseline to time at which patient achieves a regular contraction pattern.",[409,29,410,411],"Oxytocin","Induction of Labor Affected Fetus \u002F Newborn","Physiologic Effects of Drugs","2026-03-19",{"date":414,"type":40},"2026-03-24",{"date":416,"type":40},"2021-11-15",{"date":418,"type":23},"2029-03",{"name":420,"class":47},"Yale University",3,{"id":423,"slug":424,"hasResults":12,"nctId":425,"briefTitle":426,"officialTitle":427,"acronym":428,"eligibilityCriteria":429,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":347,"maxAge":348,"enrollmentInfo":430,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":432,"briefSummary":433,"conditions":434,"keywords":435,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":440,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":441,"startDateStruct":443,"completionDateStruct":445,"leadSponsor":447,"locationsCount":172},"100626779","phase-4-analgesic-efficacy-and-obstetric-effects-of-tramadol-paracetamol-and-placebo-in-active-labor-100626779","NCT07440069","Analgesic Efficacy and Obstetric Effects of Tramadol, Paracetamol and Placebo in Active Labor","Analgesic Efficacy and Obstetric Effects of Tramadol, Paracetamol and Placebo in Active Labor: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial","TRAMPA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Nulliparous pregnant women\n* Age between 15 and 45 years\n* Singleton pregnancy, term (37-41 weeks gestation)\n* Cephalic presentation\n* Active labor defined as cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions\n* Signed informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Multiple gestation or high-risk pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, etc.)\n* Known allergy or contraindication to tramadol or paracetamol\n* Recent use (less than 6 hours) of any analgesic medication\n* Previous cesarean section or other uterine surgery\n* Active infection or fever at admission\n* Inability to provide informed consent due to mental or communication conditions\n* Non-cephalic presentation\n* Rupture of membranes \\>18 hours without labor\n* Participation in another clinical trial within the last 3 months",{"count":431,"type":23},300,[26],"This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to compare the analgesic efficacy and obstetric effects of tramadol (100 mg IV) versus paracetamol (1 g IV) versus placebo (saline solution) in nulliparous women during active labor. The primary outcome is duration of active labor (minutes). Secondary outcomes include duration of expulsive phase, type of delivery, need for oxytocin augmentation, maternal adverse events (nausea, vomiting, somnolence, hypotension), and neonatal outcomes (Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, NICU admission). The study hypothesizes that tramadol significantly reduces active labor duration compared to paracetamol and placebo, without compromising maternal or neonatal safety. A total of 300 nulliparous women (100 per group) will be enrolled at Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.",[29],[436,437,438,29,439],"Tramadol","Paracetamol","Acetaminophen","Labor Duration","2026-02-24",{"date":442,"type":40},"2026-02-27",{"date":444,"type":23},"2026-02-15",{"date":446,"type":23},"2026-09-30",{"name":448,"class":47},"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras",{"id":450,"slug":451,"hasResults":12,"nctId":452,"briefTitle":453,"officialTitle":454,"acronym":455,"eligibilityCriteria":456,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":348,"enrollmentInfo":457,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":458,"briefSummary":459,"conditions":460,"keywords":461,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":465,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":466,"startDateStruct":468,"completionDateStruct":469,"leadSponsor":471,"locationsCount":172},"100623785","transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens-for-pain-management-during-labor-100623785","NCT07401147","Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Pain Management During Labor.","Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Pain Reduction During Labor: A Crossover Clinical Trial.","TENS-LABOR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Signed informed consent.\n* Women aged 18-45 years.\n* Nulliparous.\n* Term singleton pregnancy (37-42 weeks).\n* Cephalic presentation.\n* Spontaneous onset of labor or induced\u002Fconducted labor under adequate control.\n* Cervical dilation of at least 5 cm at enrollment.\n* Normal amniotic fluid volume and reassuring fetal monitoring.\n* Uncomplicated pregnancy.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Multiple pregnancy.\n* Non-cephalic presentation.\n* Severe obstetric complications (e.g., preeclampsia, placental abruption).\n* Maternal chronic or acute diseases interfering with safety.\n* History of neurological\u002Fpsychiatric disorders contraindicating TENS.\n* Abnormal fetal monitoring or amniotic fluid.\n* Pre-pregnancy BMI \\>30 kg\u002Fm².\n* Fetal demise.\n* Illiteracy.",{"count":381,"type":23},[75],"This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention for reducing pain in women during the active phase of labor. Nulliparous women with term pregnancies will be randomly assigned to sequences involving TENS intervention and placebo (device off) periods, separated by a washout. The primary outcome is labor pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include duration of the active labor phase, maternal and neonatal safety profile, and childbirth experience satisfaction. The study will be conducted at the Hospital Escuela Universitario from feb 2026 to Ago 2026.",[29],[225,462,30,463,464],"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","Pain Management","Natural Childbirth","2026-02-10",{"date":467,"type":40},"2026-02-13",{"date":444,"type":23},{"date":470,"type":23},"2026-09-15",{"name":472,"class":47},"Ricardo A Gutierrez Ramirez, MD, MSc, FACOG",{"id":474,"slug":475,"hasResults":12,"nctId":476,"briefTitle":477,"officialTitle":478,"acronym":479,"eligibilityCriteria":480,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":348,"enrollmentInfo":481,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":483,"briefSummary":484,"conditions":485,"keywords":486,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":465,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":491,"startDateStruct":492,"completionDateStruct":493,"leadSponsor":494,"locationsCount":48},"100624570","left-lateral-position-vs-supine-position-to-reduce-active-labor-duration-100624570","NCT07411352","Left Lateral Position vs Supine Position to Reduce Active Labor Duration","Left Lateral Position Versus Supine Position in Reducing the Duration of the Active Phase of Labor: A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial","DLI-SP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Signed and dated informed consent form.\n* Nulliparous woman.\n* Singleton pregnancy at ≥37 weeks of gestation.\n* Intact amniotic membranes.\n* Cephalic presentation.\n* In the active phase of labor (cervical dilation ≥6 cm).\n* Age ≥18 years.\n* No contraindication for vaginal delivery.\n* Possession of a mobile phone (for potential follow-up contact).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Previous uterine surgery.\n* Maternal condition preventing vaginal delivery.\n* Fetal anomaly.\n* Premature rupture of membranes.\n* Multiple pregnancy.\n* Fetal demise.\n* Uterine myomas.\n* Maternal comorbidities (e.g., chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus type -1\u002F2\u002Fgestational, hypothyroidism).\n* Anemia.\n* Age \\\u003C18 years.\n* Preterm gestation (\\\u003C37 weeks).",{"count":482,"type":23},188,[75],"This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effect of the left lateral decubitus position versus the supine position on the duration of the active phase of labor in nulliparous women. A total of 188 participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The intervention group will be placed in the left lateral decubitus position, while the control group will remain in the supine position. Both positions will be maintained for 30-minute intervals with 5-minute rest periods, continuing until delivery. The primary outcome is the duration of the active phase of labor. Secondary outcomes include rates of cesarean section, use of oxytocin and analgesics, and maternal and neonatal complications.",[29],[487,488,489,490],"Maternal Position","Left Lateral Position","Active Phase of Labor","Randomized Controlled Trial",{"date":467,"type":40},{"date":444,"type":23},{"date":446,"type":23},{"name":448,"class":47},{"id":496,"slug":497,"hasResults":12,"nctId":498,"briefTitle":499,"officialTitle":500,"acronym":501,"eligibilityCriteria":502,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":180,"enrollmentInfo":503,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":504,"briefSummary":505,"conditions":506,"keywords":509,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":514,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":515,"startDateStruct":517,"completionDateStruct":519,"leadSponsor":520,"locationsCount":48},"100623384","comparing-pieb-and-cei-for-labor-pain-relief-100623384","NCT07395934","Comparing PIEB and CEI for Labor Pain Relief","Comparison of Continuous Epidural Infusion vs. Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Combined With Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia for Labor Pain Relief: A Randomized Controlled Trial","COPILOT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturients indicated for labor analgesia for vaginal delivery via epidural anesthesia.\n* Age from 18 to 40 years.\n* Physical status: ASA II.\n* Singleton pregnancy, full-term, vertex presentation in labor.\n* Indication for vaginal delivery.\n* No contraindications to epidural anesthesia.\n* Agreement to participate in the research and signed written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindications to epidural analgesia.\n* History of allergy to local anesthetics (Ropivacaine) or opioids (Fentanyl).\n* High-risk pregnancies: Preeclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption.\n* Fetal distress or fetal abnormalities.\n* Chronic use of analgesic drugs or neurological\u002Fpsychiatric disorders.\n* Parturients who refuse to participate or request to withdraw from the research.",{"count":215,"type":23},[75],"The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the efficacy and safety of two epidural analgesia maintenance methods for labor pain relief: Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB) and Continuous Epidural Infusion (CEI), both combined with Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA). The study aims to evaluate which technique provides superior analgesia while minimizing anesthetic consumption and preserving maternal motor function. A total of 60 parturients at Family Hospital, Da Nang, will be randomly assigned to either the PIEB or CEI group. Outcomes including pain intensity (VAS scores), total drug consumption, maternal satisfaction, and neonatal Apgar scores will be assessed.",[29,155,507,508],"Analgesia, Obstetrical","Labor, Obstetric",[510,511,512,513],"Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB)","Continuous Epidural Infusion (CEI)","Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA)","Visual Analog Scale (VAS)","2026-01-31",{"date":516,"type":40},"2026-02-09",{"date":518,"type":40},"2025-07-30",{"date":93,"type":23},{"name":521,"class":47},"Da Nang Family General Hospital",{"id":523,"slug":524,"hasResults":12,"nctId":525,"briefTitle":526,"officialTitle":527,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":528,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":529,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":530,"briefSummary":531,"conditions":532,"keywords":538,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":543,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":544,"startDateStruct":546,"completionDateStruct":548,"leadSponsor":549,"locationsCount":4},"100621470","sacral-pressure-during-labor-effects-on-pain-and-maternal-satisfaction-100621470","NCT07371039","Sacral Pressure During Labor: Effects on Pain and Maternal Satisfaction","Effects of a Nurse-Led Sacral Pressure Intervention During Labor on Pain Perception and Maternal Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 18 years or older\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* Cephalic (vertex) presentation\n* Gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks\n\nExclusion Criteria\n\n* Illiterate in Turkish\n* Presence of chronic disease(s)",{"count":215,"type":23},[75],"The study will be conducted with pregnant women in the active and transitional phases of labor. In the intervention group, sacral pressure will be applied during contractions, while the control group will receive routine clinical care. Perceived labor pain and maternal satisfaction will be assessed throughout the labor process",[533,29,534,535,536,537],"Getting Pregnant","Intrapartum Period","37-42 Weeks of Gestation","Singleton Fetus","Aged 18 Years or Older",[539,225,540,541,542],"pregnant","intrapartum period","nursing practices","clinical intervention","2026-01-22",{"date":545,"type":40},"2026-01-27",{"date":547,"type":23},"2026-02-01",{"date":367,"type":23},{"name":550,"class":47},"Izmir Kavram Vocational School",{"id":552,"slug":553,"hasResults":12,"nctId":554,"briefTitle":555,"officialTitle":556,"acronym":557,"eligibilityCriteria":558,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":180,"enrollmentInfo":559,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":561,"briefSummary":562,"conditions":563,"keywords":565,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":574,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":575,"startDateStruct":577,"completionDateStruct":579,"leadSponsor":580,"locationsCount":48},"100612069","effect-of-multi-sensory-interventions-on-labor-pain-comfort-and-birth-satisfaction-100612069","NCT07248787","Effect of Multi-Sensory Interventions on Labor Pain, Comfort, and Birth Satisfaction","Effect of Multi-Sensory Interventions Applied to Pregnant Women on Labor Pain, Comfort, and Satisfaction","MSI-LABOR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years\n* Gestational age ≥ 37 weeks (term pregnancy)\n* Singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation\n* Expected vaginal delivery\n* Cervical dilation of at least 3 cm at hospital admission\n* Able to communicate in Turkish and provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed high-risk pregnancy (e.g., preeclampsia, placenta previa, fetal distress)\n* History of cesarean section or uterine surgery\n* Use of epidural, spinal anesthesia, or opioid analgesics during labor\n* Visual, auditory, or olfactory impairments that may affect perception of the interventions\n* Allergy or sensitivity to lavender oil\n* Emergency cesarean section or any complication requiring medical intervention\n* Refusal or withdrawal of consent at any stage",{"count":560,"type":23},200,[75],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether different multi-sensory methods can help lower labor pain and improve comfort and birth satisfaction among pregnant women giving birth vaginally.\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\nDo supportive methods such as massage, lavender aromatherapy, Turkish makam music, or aquarium visual stimulation help women feel less labor pain compared to standard care?\n\nDo these methods increase women's comfort and satisfaction during labor?\n\nParticipants will be randomly assigned to one of five groups:\n\nSacral massage group - will receive 10-minute sacral massages three times during labor.\n\nLavender aromatherapy group - will inhale lavender essential oil through a diffuser for 20 minutes, three times during labor.\n\nMusic therapy group - will listen to Turkish makam music (Rehavi or Nihavend) for 20 minutes, three times during labor.\n\nVisual stimulation group - will watch a live aquarium image continuously during active labor.\n\nControl group - will receive standard maternity care only.\n\nAll participants will give informed consent and receive care in the obstetrics unit of Kütahya City Hospital, Türkiye.\n\nResearchers will measure:\n\nLabor pain intensity at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-10 cm cervical dilatation using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).\n\nComfort level at 8-9 cm using the Comfort Characteristics Questionnaire (CCQ).\n\nBirth satisfaction about 2 hours after delivery using the Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS).\n\nLabor duration will also be recorded.\n\nThis study will help determine which sensory methods are most effective and comfortable for pregnant women, and may guide supportive care practices during childbirth.",[29,564],"Birth Satisfaction",[160,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,119,573],"Aromatherapy","Massage therapy","Music therapy","Visual stimulation","Comfort","Birth satisfaction","Multi-sensory intervention","Supportive care","2025-11-23",{"date":576,"type":40},"2025-11-25",{"date":578,"type":23},"2025-12-01",{"date":44,"type":23},{"name":206,"class":47},{"id":582,"slug":583,"hasResults":12,"nctId":584,"briefTitle":585,"officialTitle":586,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":587,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":348,"enrollmentInfo":588,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":590,"briefSummary":591,"conditions":592,"keywords":593,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":599,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":600,"startDateStruct":602,"completionDateStruct":604,"leadSponsor":606,"locationsCount":48},"100603673","music-therapy-for-labor-pain-and-anxiety-100603673","NCT07139574","Music Therapy for Labor Pain and Anxiety","Impact of Music Therapy on Labor Pain and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Tunisian Women","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Married Tunisian women with a singleton, low-risk pregnancy.\n* Admitted in the latent phase of spontaneous labor, as diagnosed by a midwife or resident.\n* Planned vaginal delivery.\n* Parity \\\u003C 4.\n* Gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks of amenorrhea.\n* Attended at least 4 prenatal consultations.\n* Normal physical and mental health status.\n* No known fetal anomalies.\n* Estimated fetal weight between 2500-4000 g.\n* Cephalic presentation.\n* Normal fetal heart rate and uterine contraction tracings.\n* Able to read, write, and understand study-related information.\n* Provided written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women who received epidural analgesia during labor.\n* Presence of auricular malformations.\n* Difficulty in understanding or completing the VAS or STAI-Y assessments.\n* Serious medical or psychiatric disorders.\n* Multiple gestation or pregnancies requiring immediate intervention.\n* Preterm (\\\u003C37 weeks) or post-term (\\>41 weeks) pregnancies.\n* Premature rupture of membranes.\n* Clinical chorioamnionitis or other infections (including HIV).\n* History of severe obstetric complications (e.g., cephalopelvic disproportion, intrauterine fetal death )",{"count":589,"type":23},70,[75],"This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing pain and anxiety during the latent and active phases of labor in Tunisian women. Participants are randomized to receive either music therapy or standard care. Primary outcomes are pain (VAS) and anxiety (STAI-Y). Secondary outcomes include labor duration, maternal and fetal vital signs, neonatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction.",[29,360],[594,595,596,597,598],"music therapy","anxiety","pain management","labor","randomized controlled trial","2025-08-17",{"date":601,"type":40},"2025-08-24",{"date":603,"type":23},"2025-09",{"date":605,"type":23},"2025-11",{"name":607,"class":47},"University Tunis El Manar",{"id":609,"slug":610,"hasResults":12,"nctId":611,"briefTitle":612,"officialTitle":613,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":614,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":615,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":617,"briefSummary":618,"conditions":619,"keywords":620,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":626,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":627,"startDateStruct":629,"completionDateStruct":631,"leadSponsor":633,"locationsCount":48},"100566476","changes-in-velocimetric-indices-of-uterine-and-umbilical-arteries-before-and-after-combined-spinal-epidural-analgesia-in-laboring-women-part-ii-100566476","NCT06655675","Changes in Velocimetric Indices of Uterine and Umbilical Arteries Before and After Combined Spinal-epidural Analgesia in Laboring Women (PART II)","Changes in Velocimetric Indices of Uterine and Umbilical Arteries Before and After Combined Spinal-epidural Analgesia in Laboring Women (PART I and PART II)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Written informed consent\n* Term pregnant patients requesting labor analgesia\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* Term pregnant patients in active labor\n* ASA\\\u003C4\n* No evidence of fetal congenital anomalies, fetal compromise or fetal decelerations prior to CSE\n* Patients with and without diagnosed hypertensive disorders of pregnancy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refusal to consent for the study\n* Known spinal deformities\n* Previous back instrumentation\n* Patients with BMI\\>50 kg\u002F㎡ due to anticipated technical challenges in Doppler studies",{"count":616,"type":23},54,[75],"Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) for labor analgesia has been used for many years and is practiced commonly at our institution, especially when the patient requests immediate pain relief. CSE is not only beneficial for its faster onset of analgesia, but also it is favorable in relation to the need for rescue analgesia, urinary retention, and rate of instrumental delivery compared to the traditional epidural. Despite its beneficial effects, there is a risk of about 15-30% of developing abnormal fetal heart rate following CSE. This is self-resolving with minimal or no intervention. Although the cause of fetal bradycardia is not fully elucidated, variations in uterine artery blood flow after epidural analgesia are thought to be due to the interaction of numerous events related to blockade of sympathetic innervations, fluid administration, maternal hypotension, uterine vascular effects of sympathetic block, fluctuations in circulating catecholamines, and possibly the effect of opioids. Similar mechanism is thought to be a cause of fetal bradycardia after the CSE with its faster onset and superior block.\n\nMaternal or fetal circulation during labor can be assessed using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound to monitor maternal uterine artery (UtA) and fetal umbilical artery (UmA) velocity waveforms to detect changes in blood flow. The velocimetry indices mentioned above have been often used to assess the changes in the blood flow before and after the induction of epidural analgesia during labor in several studies. Although there are some studies regarding the effect of labor epidural analgesia using velocimetry indices, but there is currently no published study evaluating velocimetry indices of uterine and umbilical arteries before and after the induction of CSE. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of CSE to maternal and fetal blood flow to evaluate the relationships.\n\nThe investigators hypothesize that both uterine artery and umbilical artery blood flow are reduced after the induction of CSE, which may be responsible for the occurrence of fetal bradycardia.",[29],[621,622,623,624,625],"combined spinal epidural (CSE)","fetal bradycardia","ultrasound","velocimetric index","hypertension","2025-07-10",{"date":628,"type":40},"2025-07-11",{"date":630,"type":40},"2024-10-30",{"date":632,"type":23},"2026-01",{"name":338,"class":47},{"id":635,"slug":636,"hasResults":12,"nctId":637,"briefTitle":638,"officialTitle":638,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":639,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":104,"enrollmentInfo":640,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":642,"briefSummary":643,"conditions":644,"keywords":645,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":649,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":650,"startDateStruct":652,"completionDateStruct":654,"leadSponsor":656,"locationsCount":48},"100530669","effects-of-rosa-damascena-and-frankincense-essential-oils-in-labor-100530669","NCT06189794","Effects of Rosa Damascena and Frankincense Essential Oils in Labor","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- Pregnant women who are at latent phase of labor\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Complicated pregnancy (preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes etc.)\n* Women who will have planned cesarean section\n* Asthma or any other respiratory disease\n* Allergies to Rosa Damascena or Frankincense oil",{"count":641,"type":23},39,[75],"This randomized controlled study aims to compare effects of different essential oils in labor pain, anxiety and childbirth comfort. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nIs it effective using rosa damascena oil during labor? Is it effective using frankincense oil during labor? Which essential oil is more effective during labor Researchers will compare aromatherapy oils groups to see labor pain, anxiety and childbirth comfort levels of pregnant women.",[29],[566,646,647,648,570],"Childbirth Problems","Rosa damascena","Frankincense","2025-06-14",{"date":651,"type":40},"2025-06-18",{"date":653,"type":40},"2024-01-21",{"date":655,"type":23},"2025-12-31",{"name":657,"class":47},"Balikesir University",{"id":659,"slug":660,"hasResults":12,"nctId":661,"briefTitle":662,"officialTitle":663,"acronym":664,"eligibilityCriteria":665,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":666,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":668,"briefSummary":669,"conditions":670,"keywords":675,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":680,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":681,"startDateStruct":683,"completionDateStruct":685,"leadSponsor":687,"locationsCount":48},"100554697","pain-management-with-virtual-reality-hypnosis-100554697","NCT06502457","Pain Management With Virtual Reality Hypnosis","Pain Management With Virtual Reality Hypnosis in Parturients in the Latency or Cervical Ripening Phase","PreVR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturient over 18\n* Parturient who speaks and understands French\n* Parturient hospitalised prior to labour\n* Membranes intact or ruptured\n* Spontaneous or induced labour\n* Parturient in latency phase\n* Term ≥ 37SA\n* END \\> 3\n* Parturient requiring active pain management (medicinal or non-medicinal)\n* Low-risk pregnancy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Parturient under legal protection\n* Parturient with a hearing impairment\n* Parturient with visual impairment\n* Parturient with epilepsy\n* Parturient with psychiatric problems\n* Pathological pregnancy\n* Parturient with chronic pain\n* Parturient with addiction-related disorders\n* Parturient allergic to paracetamol\n* Parturient allergic to phloroglucinol\n* Parturient allergic to codeine\n* Parturient allergic to nalbuphine\n* Parturient allergic to orozamudol",{"count":667,"type":23},142,[75],"The latency phase corresponds to the first phase of the first stage of labour, during which the parturient feels regular, rhythmic uterine contractions that are often painful, with or without changes of the cervix. This phase lasts an average of 8 hours for primiparous women, compared with 5 hours for multiparous women, and can last up to twenty hours in total.\n\nCervical ripening corresponds to the medical induction of regular, painful uterine contractions in order to obtain a favourable cervix for the induction of labour. Cervical ripening is carried out either medically (oral or local prostaglandins) or mechanically (double balloon dilatation) and accounts for 69.2% of labour inductions, which in turn account for 25.8% of births.\n\nAt Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, this maturation stage can last from a few hours to 2 days, depending on the service protocol.\n\nWhat these two stages of childbirth have in common is that they are both painful, with very few analgesic drugs available that can be used without side-effects on the foetus during pregnancy.\n\nIn recent years, there has also been a growing demand from parturients for the use of non-medicinal therapies.\n\nIt therefore seems essential to provide parturients with as many effective non-drug methods as possible to manage their pain properly.\n\nIf virtual reality hypnosis sessions prove to be effective, they will provide better pain management for women in labour, reduce the use of morphine derivatives (with their attendant side-effects, particularly on the foetus), and above all meet the growing demand from women in labour for the most physiological possible support during childbirth.",[671,29,672,673,674],"Hypnosis","Virtual Reality","Labor Induction","Latent Period",[676,225,677,678,679],"hypnosis","virtual reality","labor induction","latent period","2025-05-21",{"date":682,"type":40},"2025-05-25",{"date":684,"type":40},"2024-07-09",{"date":686,"type":23},"2025-08",{"name":688,"class":47},"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens",{"id":690,"slug":691,"hasResults":12,"nctId":692,"briefTitle":693,"officialTitle":694,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":695,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":696,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":697,"briefSummary":698,"conditions":699,"keywords":702,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":707,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":708,"startDateStruct":710,"completionDateStruct":712,"leadSponsor":714,"locationsCount":4},"100585147","sacral-massage-with-a-tennis-ball-on-labor-pain-and-comfort-during-the-intrapartum-period-100585147","NCT06898580","Sacral Massage With a Tennis Ball on Labor Pain and Comfort During the Intrapartum Period","The Effect of Sacral Massage With a Tennis Ball on Labor Pain and Comfort During the Intrapartum Period","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* To be able to read and write Turkish,\n* Being over 18 years old\n* Being primiparous\n* Singular foetus and head presentation\n* Pregnancy at term (37-42 weeks)\n* Those without risk factors during pregnancy\n* Being in the active phase of labour in stage 1\n* Women without any chronic diseases\n* Those without a diagnosed psychiatric illness\n* To agree to participate in the research\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* If the participant wishes to leave the study voluntarily\n* Administration of any analgesic medication to reduce pain during labour\n* Development of any of the unexpected maternal-fetal risk conditions during labour\n* Having a caesarean section for any reason\n* The pregnant woman has spine and bone structure problems.",{"count":182,"type":23},[75],"Although pregnancy and labor are physiological events, the pain caused by uterine contractions during labor is among the most severe pains. This causes many women to fear labor. For this reason, control of labor pain should be one of the main goals of the care given to women in labor. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of sacral massage with a tennis ball on labor pain and labor comfort in the intrapartum period.",[463,700,701,29],"Birth Comfort","Massage Effect",[703,596,704,705,706,225],"sacral massage","tennis ball","comfort of birth","reducing pain","2025-05-10",{"date":709,"type":40},"2025-05-13",{"date":711,"type":23},"2025-06-01",{"date":713,"type":23},"2026-03-01",{"name":715,"class":47},"Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa"]