[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"laryngoscopy\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:laryngoscopy":26},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,10,0,[8,44,76,106,132,156,179,209,229,251],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":23,"conditions":24,"keywords":27,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":33,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":34,"startDateStruct":37,"completionDateStruct":38,"leadSponsor":40,"locationsCount":43},"100644040","correlation-of-neck-dimensions-of-airway-evaluation-100644040",false,"NCT07668297","Correlation of Neck Dimensions of Airway Evaluation","Correlation of Thyromental Distance And Mandibular Triangle Perpendicular Length With Incisor Vallecular Distance In Adult Pre-Surgical Patients: An Observational Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age 18-65 years\n2. Males and females\n3. ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) physical status I and II\n4. Patients scheduled for elective surgery with controlled ventilation through orotracheal tube conduit\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Smokers (those who have smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime), chewing tobacco dependence or substance abuse\n2. Submucous fibrosis: progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissue leading to rigidity, relative trismus, and progressive decrease of mouth opening\n3. Anticipated difficult airway\n4. Patients requiring intubation with MacIntosh blade #4 or #5\n5. Dental issues:\n\n   * missing tooth (upper\u002Flower incisors, upper\u002Flower premolar)\n   * crowded dentition: - irregular, misaligned, or overlapping teeth within a relatively small oral cavity\n   * presence of artificial teeth and\u002For dental implants\n\n     • Mandible\u002Fmandibular structure related issues:\n   * Retrognathia: - posterior displacement of the mandible relative to the maxilla or cranial base\n   * Prognathia: - anterior displacement of the mandible relative to the maxilla or cranial base\n6. Emergency Surgery\n7. Those requiring urgent rapid-sequence intubation due to the presence of a full-stomach status secondary to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, diaphragmatic hernia, among others.\n8. Refusal to informed consent","ALL","18 Years","65 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},240,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","The goal of this observational study is to evaluate thyromental distance (TMD) and mandibular triangle perpendicular length (MTPL); to know which correlates better with the incisor vallecula distance (IVD). Based on the direction and strength of the correlation measure, a multiple regression equation can then be created to first predict the IVD with external linear measure, and second, based on IVD length prediction, the appropriate laryngoscope blade size can be ascertained.",[25,26],"Airway Assessment","Laryngoscopy",[28,29,30,31],"Thyromental distance","Mandibular triangle perpendicular","Laryngoscope","incisor vallecula distance","RECRUITING","2026-06-25",{"date":35,"type":36},"2026-06-30","ACTUAL",{"date":33,"type":36},{"date":39,"type":21},"2027-08",{"name":41,"class":42},"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital","OTHER",1,{"id":45,"slug":46,"hasResults":11,"nctId":47,"briefTitle":48,"officialTitle":49,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":50,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":51,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":53,"conditions":54,"keywords":60,"overallStatus":66,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":67,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":68,"startDateStruct":70,"completionDateStruct":72,"leadSponsor":74,"locationsCount":4},"100640762","effect-of-high-flow-nasal-oxygen-on-laryngoscopic-view-100640762","NCT07575776","Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Laryngoscopic View","Effect of Different Flows Using High-Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) on Laryngoscopic View Quality During Videolaryngoscopy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥18 years\n* Scheduled for endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia\n* Use of videolaryngoscopy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Anticipated difficult airway\n* Emergency intubation\n* Contraindications to HFNO\n* Inability to obtain adequate video recording",{"count":52,"type":21},150,"This prospective, multicenter observational study aims to evaluate the effect of different flow rates of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) on the quality of the laryngoscopic view during videolaryngoscopy in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Each patient will serve as their own control, with repeated measurements obtained at three different HFNO flow settings (0, 40, and 60 L\u002Fmin). The study will assess objective and subjective parameters of glottic visualization using standardized scoring systems.",[55,26,56,57,58,59],"High Flow Nasal Canula","Airway Anesthesia","Airway Complication of Anaesthesia","Difficult Airway","Difficult \u002F Failed Intubation",[61,62,63,64,65],"high flow nasal canula","thrive","difficult airway","airway management","anaesthesia","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-05-04",{"date":69,"type":36},"2026-05-08",{"date":71,"type":21},"2026-09-01",{"date":73,"type":21},"2027-12-01",{"name":75,"class":42},"Masarykova Nemocnice v Usti nad Labem, Krajska Zdravotni a.s.",{"id":77,"slug":78,"hasResults":11,"nctId":79,"briefTitle":80,"officialTitle":81,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":82,"healthyVolunteers":83,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":85,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":87,"phases":88,"briefSummary":90,"conditions":91,"keywords":94,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":97,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":98,"startDateStruct":100,"completionDateStruct":102,"leadSponsor":104,"locationsCount":43},"100632196","comparison-of-stress-response-evoked-by-conventional-versus-videolaryngoscope-100632196","NCT07510542","Comparison of Stress Response Evoked by Conventional Versus Videolaryngoscope","Comparison of the Efficacy of Non-channelled Video Laryngoscopy Versus Direct Laryngoscopy in Terms of Stress Response and Intubation Time: a Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* ASA I \\& II\n* Age 18-60 years.\n* Preoperatively nonhypertensive and hemodynamically stable patients\n* Patients scheduled for elective procedures not involving airway surgeries\n* Patients with informed consent\n* Mallampati score I and II\n* Interincisor gap \\> 3 cms\n* BMI less than 30 kg\u002Fm²\n\nExclusion Criteria\n\n* Patient refusal\n* ASA III, IV \\& V\n* Hemodynamically unstable patients\n* Patients with Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease (whether controlled or uncontrolled)\n* Airway abnormalities, including congenital airway malformations \\& maxillofacial abnormalities\n* Head, neck or any facial traumas or history of prior head, neck or airway surgeries\n* Emergency procedures\n* Pregnancy",true,"60 Years",{"count":86,"type":21},124,"INTERVENTIONAL",[89],"NA","Impact of using video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy technique in terms of improved hemodynamics post intubation and time taken for intubation.",[26,92,93],"Stress Response","Duration",[26,95,96],"Stress response","Video laryngoscope","2026-04-01",{"date":99,"type":36},"2026-04-03",{"date":101,"type":36},"2026-03-05",{"date":103,"type":21},"2026-09-05",{"name":105,"class":42},"Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation",{"id":107,"slug":108,"hasResults":11,"nctId":109,"briefTitle":110,"officialTitle":111,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":112,"healthyVolunteers":83,"sex":16,"minAge":113,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":114,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":87,"phases":116,"briefSummary":118,"conditions":119,"keywords":121,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":123,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":124,"startDateStruct":126,"completionDateStruct":128,"leadSponsor":130,"locationsCount":43},"100626415","phase-4-effect-of-nalbuphine-versus-fentanyl-on-hemdoynamic-effects-of-laryngoscopy-100626415","NCT07435337","Effect of Nalbuphine Versus Fentanyl on Hemdoynamic Effects of Laryngoscopy","COMPARISON OF HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF NALBUPHINE VERSUS FENTANYL: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLINDED INTERVENTIONAL STUDY IN PATIENTS ON CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AT RAWALPINDI INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY, RAWALPINDI","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Weighing 40-70kg\n\n  * ASA III of either sex\n  * Undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n• History of Drug Allergy • Pre-existing Asthma • Renal or Hepatic dysfunction • Extreme obesity • Pregnant \u002F lactating patients • Difficult intubation\u002Fprolonged intubation","40 Years",{"count":115,"type":21},98,[117],"PHASE4","Participants will undergo routine pre-operative evaluation. An intravenous line will be placed in the recovery area. On arrival in the operating room, standard monitoring (blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, ECG, breathing monitor, and temperature) will be applied. A central venous catheter and an arterial line will be inserted under local anesthesia using sterile technique.\n\nBefore anesthesia induction, patients will receive premedication including midazolam and an opioid pain-relief injection given slowly through the vein. General anesthesia will then be induced with etomidate. After adequate sedation, a muscle relaxant (atracurium) will be administered, and the patient will be ventilated with 100% oxygen using a face mask. The breathing tube will then be inserted and correct placement confirmed.\n\nDuring surgery, anesthesia will be maintained with oxygen, sevoflurane gas, and a continuous atracurium infusion. Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout the peri-intubation and intraoperative period.",[26,120],"Hemodynamic Changes",[122],"Laryngoscopic stress response","2026-02-20",{"date":125,"type":36},"2026-02-27",{"date":127,"type":36},"2026-02-21",{"date":129,"type":21},"2026-05-21",{"name":131,"class":42},"Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology",{"id":133,"slug":134,"hasResults":11,"nctId":135,"briefTitle":136,"officialTitle":136,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":137,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":138,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":140,"conditions":141,"keywords":145,"overallStatus":66,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":147,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":148,"startDateStruct":150,"completionDateStruct":152,"leadSponsor":154,"locationsCount":4},"100621096","can-the-face-index-an-anthropometric-measurement-predict-difficult-laryngoscopy-and-intubation-100621096","NCT07366177","Can the \"Face Index\"; an Anthropometric Measurement, Predict Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation?","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAll adult patients over the age of 18 who have given written consent to undergo elective and\u002For emergency surgery under general anesthesia and be intubated in the operating rooms of our hospital's main building and annex building\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nPatients with a prior history of difficult airway\u002Fdifficult intubation, those who have undergone facial, neck, or airway surgery, those with deformities or scars in the facial and neck area due to burns or injuries, those with previous or recent tracheostomy, those with facial deformities due to any cause (congenital or acquired pathologies), and those with communication problems and who are uncooperative during measurements will be excluded from the study. Children and pregnant patients will not be included.",{"count":139,"type":21},1000,"Patient safety is the cornerstone of anesthetic practice, and maintaining adequate respiration represents its most critical initial step. In situations where spontaneous breathing cannot be sustained-such as during general anesthesia-the airway must be mechanically secured. While simple face masks may be sufficient in some cases, endotracheal intubation remains the most reliable method for airway control in conditions associated with respiratory depression.\n\nAirway management may be challenging due to various patient-related anatomical factors, including facial and mandibular structure, obesity, limited mouth opening, facial hair, sunken cheeks, wide facial morphology, and a short or muscular neck. These challenges are collectively described as difficult ventilation and difficult intubation (cannot ventilate-cannot intubate), which may occur unexpectedly or be anticipated. A difficult airway is defined as difficulty encountered by a trained anesthesiologist in face mask ventilation, tracheal intubation, or both.\n\nSeveral predictors of difficult airway are widely accepted, such as thyromental and sternomental distances, neck circumference, Mallampati classification, upper lip bite test, mouth opening, and interincisor distance. Thorough preoperative airway evaluation is mandatory, as difficult mask ventilation and failed intubation remain major contributors to anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Although numerous studies have examined these predictors, research focusing on facial morphology and anthropometric indices-particularly the face index-is extremely limited.\n\nFacial morphology varies considerably among individuals and can be evaluated anthropometrically using simple, noninvasive tools such as a digital caliper. Anthropometric analysis is commonly applied in forensic medicine and reconstructive surgery but has rarely been incorporated into airway assessment.\n\nThis study aims to introduce face index analysis as a novel predictor of difficult airway alongside conventional methods. By evaluating measurements such as trichion-gnathion distance, total facial index, upper facial index, and nasal index, the study investigates whether airway difficulty can be predicted using a single index value. All measurements are standard, noninvasive, and routinely performed during preoperative assessment.",[142,26,143,144],"Anesthesia Intubation Complication","Intubation; Difficult or Failed","Anesthesia Morbidity",[146],"Difficult airway, face index, anesthesia","2026-01-18",{"date":149,"type":36},"2026-01-26",{"date":151,"type":21},"2026-03",{"date":153,"type":21},"2027-03",{"name":155,"class":42},"Ordu University",{"id":157,"slug":158,"hasResults":11,"nctId":159,"briefTitle":160,"officialTitle":161,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":162,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":163,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":87,"phases":165,"briefSummary":166,"conditions":167,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":171,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":172,"startDateStruct":174,"completionDateStruct":175,"leadSponsor":177,"locationsCount":43},"100605666","do-increasing-preoperative-timing-of-single-dexmedetomidine-dose-have-an-effect-on-stress-response-of-laryngoscopy-and-intubation-100605666","NCT07165483","Do Increasing Preoperative Timing of Single Dexmedetomidine Dose Have an Effect on Stress Response of Laryngoscopy and Intubation?","Do Increasing Preoperative Timing of Single Dexmedetomidine Dose Have an Effect on Stress Response of Laryngoscopy and Intubation? A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age from 18 to 65 years.\n* Both sexes.\n* American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I-II.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Severe cardiovascular problems.\n* Respiratory disorders.\n* Diabetes.\n* Hypertension.\n* Obesity.\n* Allergic reaction to study drugs.\n* Patients on antihypertensive medication (α-methyldopa, clonidine, or other α2-adrenergic agonists)\n* Medications that affect heart rate (HR) or blood pressure (BP).\n* Pregnant.\n* Currently breast-feeding women.\n* History of sleep apnea.\n* Those for emergency procedures.",{"count":164,"type":21},45,[89],"This study aims to evaluate the effect of increasing preoperative timing of single dexmedetomidine on the stress response of laryngoscopy and intubation.",[168,169,92,26,170],"Time","Dexmedetomidine","Intubation","2025-09-11",{"date":173,"type":36},"2025-09-12",{"date":171,"type":36},{"date":176,"type":21},"2026-03-01",{"name":178,"class":42},"Tanta University",{"id":180,"slug":181,"hasResults":11,"nctId":182,"briefTitle":183,"officialTitle":184,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":185,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":113,"maxAge":84,"enrollmentInfo":186,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":87,"phases":188,"briefSummary":191,"conditions":192,"keywords":195,"overallStatus":66,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":201,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":202,"startDateStruct":204,"completionDateStruct":206,"leadSponsor":208,"locationsCount":43},"100587969","phase-2-oral-melatonin-vs-nebulized-dexmedetomidine-premedication-on-attenuation-of-hemodynamic-response-to-direct-laryngoscopy-and-tracheal-intubation-in-hypertensive-patients-100587969","NCT06935292","Oral Melatonin VS Nebulized Dexmedetomidine Premedication on Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Direct Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation in Hypertensive Patients","Comparative Study Between Oral Melatonin and Nebulized Dexmedetomidine Premedication on Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Direct Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation in Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age (40-60) years of both genders.\n* Controlled hypertensive patients.\n* Categorized as ASA physical status II.\n* Planning to do an elective surgery under General Anesthesia.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient refusal to participate in the study.\n* Patient with expected difficult intubation.\n* Body Mass Index (BMI) \\> 30 kg\u002Fm2.\n* History of allergy to the drugs of the study.\n* Patients with Heart rate\\\u003C50 or Heart block.\n* End stage renal and hepatic disease.\n* Patients on beta blocker, oral hypoglycemics, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants, anti- psychotics and thyroid medications.\n* Pregnant or lactating females.",{"count":187,"type":21},70,[189,190],"PHASE2","PHASE3","The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of oral melatonin versus nebulized dexmedetomidine in attenuating the hemodynamic response to direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in controlled hypertensive patients prepared for general anesthesia",[193,26,194],"Tracheal Intubation Morbidity","Hemodynamic Response",[196,169,197,198,199,200],"Direct laryngoscope","Melatonin","Tracheal Intubation","Hypertension","Hemodynamic response","2025-04-11",{"date":203,"type":36},"2025-04-20",{"date":205,"type":21},"2025-04",{"date":207,"type":21},"2026-04",{"name":178,"class":42},{"id":210,"slug":211,"hasResults":11,"nctId":212,"briefTitle":213,"officialTitle":214,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":215,"healthyVolunteers":83,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":216,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":218,"conditions":219,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":221,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":222,"startDateStruct":224,"completionDateStruct":225,"leadSponsor":227,"locationsCount":43},"100578796","enhancing-difficult-laryngoscopy-prediction-through-a-mixed-scoring-system-100578796","NCT06815952","Enhancing Difficult Laryngoscopy Prediction Through A Mixed Scoring System","Enhancing Difficult Laryngoscopy Prediction: A Prospective Study on A Mixed Scoring System With Ultrasound and Traditional Metrics","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients undergoing general anesthesia\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 1-4\n* Emergency or elective cases\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with confirmed history of difficult airway\n* Patients with maxillofacial trauma or cervical spine injury or instability\n* Pregnant patients\n* Patients with a history of head and neck cancer\n* Patients with known subglottic stenosis\n* Patients requiring a double lumen tube insertion\n* Patients with a history of neck radiotherapy",{"count":217,"type":21},1100,"This study aims to develop a comprehensive airway assessment score including traditional bedside clinical tests and ultrasound measurements with high accuracy in predicting difficult airway, and to validate it through testing it on a large population sample. The main question it aims to answer is: Is the comprehensive scoring system that includes clinical bedside and ultrasound measurements developed to predict difficult airways valid in a large population sample? Adult patients undergoing general anesthesia with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 1-4 will be recruited. Traditional and ultrasound measurements will be collected.",[170,26,220],"Anesthesia","2025-02-20",{"date":223,"type":36},"2025-02-21",{"date":221,"type":36},{"date":226,"type":21},"2026-02-01",{"name":228,"class":42},"American University of Beirut Medical Center",{"id":230,"slug":231,"hasResults":11,"nctId":232,"briefTitle":233,"officialTitle":233,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":234,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":235,"maxAge":236,"enrollmentInfo":237,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":238,"conditions":239,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":242,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":243,"startDateStruct":245,"completionDateStruct":247,"leadSponsor":249,"locationsCount":43},"100318502","correlation-between-sedation-depth-monitoring-and-reflexes-during-intravenous-anesthesia-with-dexmedetomidine-and-remifentanil-in-children-undergoing-direct-laryngoscopy-for-surgical-procedures-100318502","NCT03426579","Correlation Between Sedation Depth Monitoring and Reflexes During Intravenous Anesthesia With Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil in Children Undergoing Direct Laryngoscopy for Surgical Procedures","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nscheduled for elective direct laryngoscopy with surgical intervention, written informed consent of their parents or legal guardian.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nrefusal of informed consent, known allergy for dexmedetomidine or remifentanil at start of anesthesia pulse oxygen saturation (SaO2) lower than 85%","1 Month","8 Years",{"count":5,"type":21},"This study evaluates the correlation between sedation depth monitoring obtained by NeuroSENSE ® NS 701 Monitor and reflexes during intravenous anesthesia in children undergoing direct laryngoscopy for surgical procedures.",[26,240,241],"Child","Monitoring","2025-01-20",{"date":244,"type":36},"2025-01-22",{"date":246,"type":36},"2017-10-23",{"date":248,"type":21},"2025-12-31",{"name":250,"class":42},"University Hospital, Antwerp",{"id":252,"slug":253,"hasResults":11,"nctId":254,"briefTitle":255,"officialTitle":256,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":257,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":258,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":260,"conditions":261,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":66,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":265,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":266,"startDateStruct":268,"completionDateStruct":270,"leadSponsor":272,"locationsCount":4},"100555387","difficult-airways-scores-validation-difficult-laryngoscopy-and-mask-ventilation-prospective-and-evaluative-study-100555387","NCT06511427","Difficult Airways Scores Validation Difficult Laryngoscopy and Mask Ventilation: Prospective and Evaluative Study","Validation of Clinical and Ultrasonographic Scores for Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy and Mask Ventilation: Prospective and Evaluative Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPatients aged over 18 years, scheduled for visceral or orthopedic surgery, elective or otherwise requiring general anesthesia with primary intubation and laryngoscopy, receiving a muscle relaxant before exposure were eligible for this study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nPatients with conditions preventing the evaluation of clinical intubation criteria, such as altered consciousness, agitation, dementia, craniofacial or cervical spine trauma, upper areodigestive tract tumors, upper airway abnormalities or malformations, history of cervical burns or radiation therapy, thyroid goiter, tracheal stenosis, pregnancy, up to 6 weeks post-partum and situations involving extremely urgent with an immediate life- threatening prognosis as well as those undergoing intubation techniques not relying on primary laryngoscopy (e.g. optical fiberscope for mouth opening under 2.5 cm and fixed cervical spine ) were not included in this study.",{"count":259,"type":21},200,"Clinical screening tests were included to define a difficult laryngoscopy such as history of difficult or impossible intubation, NC, MMS, retrognathia, protrusion of the upper incisors, TMD, mouth opening, dentition, macroglossia, presence of a beard, UBLT, spine mobility and palm print test for diabetes.\n\nUltrasound airway assessment was performed: Clinical screening tests were included to define a difficult laryngoscopy such as history of difficult or impossible intubation, NC, MMS, retrognathia, protrusion of the upper incisors, TMD, mouth opening, dentition, macroglossia, presence of a beard, UBLT, spine mobility and palm print test for diabetes.\n\nUltrasound airway assessment was performed Three parameters were measured to calculate the scores: Tongue thickness (TT) in coronal plane, Distance from the skin to hyoid bone (SHB), Distance from the skin to the thyrohyoid membrane (STM). Two scores were developed from a study conducted in 2019. The first score, to predict a difficult laryngoscopy, uses two parameters: the modified MALLAMPATI class (MMS) and the STM. A score strictly greater than 2 is predictive of a difficult laryngoscopy. The second score, to predict difficult ventilation, uses four parameters: BMI, NC, TT in coronal plane, and SHB. A score strictly greater than 20 is predictive of difficult ventilation. A well-experienced anesthesiologist performed a direct laryngoscopy and graded it as Cormack-Lehane's grading.\n\nDifficulty in intubation and\u002For mask ventilation was managed according to the 2017 SFAR guidelines.",[262,263,26,264],"Airway Complication of Anesthesia","Ultrasound","Difficult Airways","2024-07-16",{"date":267,"type":36},"2024-07-22",{"date":269,"type":21},"2024-08-15",{"date":271,"type":21},"2024-12-30",{"name":273,"class":42},"Mongi Slim Hospital"]