[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"near-infrared-spectroscopy\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:near-infrared-spectroscopy":28},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,8,0,[8,50,80,112,143,178,208,239],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":39,"startDateStruct":42,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100644508","transfusion-related-changes-in-oxidative-stress-biomarkers-in-neonates-100644508",false,"NCT07672275","Transfusion-Related Changes in Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Neonates","Transfusion-Related Changes in Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Neonates - a Three-Part Prospective Observational Pilot Study","NEO-REDOX","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPart A:\n\n* Neonates who are monitored on the NICU immediately after birth\n* Written parental informed consent\n\nPart B:\n\n* Term and preterm neonates admitted to the NICU for medical treatment\n* Age ad admission \\\u003C48 hours\n* Written parental informed consent\n\nPart C:\n\n* ELGANs 22(+5)-27(+6) weeks (days) gestation admitted to the NICU\n* Decision to conduct full life support\n* Written parental informed consent\n\nExclusion criteria (Part A, B, C)\n\n* No decision to conduct full life support\n* No parental written informed consent\n* Congenital malformations\n* Family history of hemoglobinopathies (e.g. sickle cell anemia, thalassemia)\n* Fetal anemia requiring in-utero A-RBC transfusions",true,"ALL","5 Minutes","5 Months",{"count":22,"type":23},170,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include peroxides, are generated in the human body as by-products of cellular metabolism. In small amounts, they fulfill important physiological functions. However, when produced in excess, they can damage cells and tissues. Extremely low gestation age neonates (ELGANs) are particularly vulnerable to such harmful effects because their antioxidant defense systems are immature, and they are exposed to increased ROS levels due to the oxygen therapy required after birth.\n\nFetal hemoglobin (HbF), the primary oxygen carrier in the blood of newborns, plays a crucial role in this context. Compared with adult hemoglobin (HbA), it has a higher oxygen affinity and a more pronounced pseudoperoxidase activity, which helps protect organs during early development from peroxides.\n\nIn addition to oxygen administration, blood transfusions can also contribute to increased ROS formation. Due to the immature hematopoietic system and the diagnostic blood sampling required, ELGANs frequently receive transfusions with adult red blood cell (A-RBC) concentrates. These lead to a rapid shift from HbF to HbA, further promoting the generation of ROS.\n\nMeasuring ROS in blood is particularly challenging because these molecules are extremely short-lived. Consequently, reference values for newborns are lacking. Therefore, the investigators aim to establish reference ranges for one ROS, the peroxide in both term and preterm healty neonates from birth event onward and to assess the effects of A-RBC transfusions on this parameter in ELGANs.\n\nFurthermore, combining near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measurements of cerebral regional tissue oxygenation with peroxide assessments requiring only minimal blood volumes (0.5 mL per sample) will provide a more comprehensive and quantitatively robust understanding of the physiological changes induced by A-RBC transfusions in ELGANs.\n\nExcessive ROS exposure is considered a key risk factor for severe complications of prematurity, including brain injury, retinopathy, and chronic lung disease. With this project, investigators aim to improve the understanding of these risks and promote new evidence-based strategies in transfusion medicine. In the long term, transfusions with HbF-rich red blood cells derived from cord blood could help reduce ROS formation and provide effective protection for particularly vulnerable preterm infants.",[27,28,29,30],"Oxidative Stress in Neonates","Near Infrared Spectroscopy","Fetal Hemoglobin","Erythrocyte Transfusion",[32,33,34,35,36],"fetal hemoglobin","erythrocyte transfusion","preterm neonates","peroxide","oxidative stress","RECRUITING","2026-06-23",{"date":40,"type":41},"2026-06-26","ACTUAL",{"date":43,"type":41},"2025-12-12",{"date":45,"type":23},"2028-02-01",{"name":47,"class":48},"Medical University of Graz","OTHER",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":11,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":56,"eligibilityCriteria":57,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":58,"maxAge":59,"enrollmentInfo":60,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":62,"conditions":63,"keywords":66,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":71,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":72,"startDateStruct":74,"completionDateStruct":76,"leadSponsor":78,"locationsCount":49},"100641782","cerebral-near-infrared-spectroscopy-in-patients-undergoing-open-cardiovascular-surgery-using-artificial-intelligence-programs-a-methodological-study-100641782","NCT07654244","Cerebral Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Open Cardiovascular Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence Programs: A Methodological Study","INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION OF THE PROXIMITY TO CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF CEREBRAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING OPEN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAMS: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY","NIRS for AI","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* open cardiac surgery\n* elective open heart surgery\n* aged 18-65\n* ASA score I-III\n* BMI \\\u003C30 kg\u002Fm2\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* past ischemic event\n* carotid arter stenosis\n* BMI \\>30 kg\u002Fm2\n* serious liver or kidney disease\n* ASA 4 ve more\n* anatomical abnormality at probe site\n* history of mental or neurological disease,\n* history of previous intracranial aneurysm or intracranial tumor surgery\n* history of moderate or severe pulmonary disease,\n* emergency surgery","18 Years","65 Years",{"count":61,"type":23},63,"The aim of the present study is to test the accuracy and reliability of AI tools in this regard by interpreting NIRS, which we routinely use for monitoring cerebral perfusion in cardiovascular surgery, with AI tools and comparing this interpretation with the interpretations of two clinicians.",[64,28,65],"Clinical Suitability of Artificial Intelligence Programs","Cardiac Surgery",[67,68,69],"artificial intelligence","near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)","open cardiac surgery","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-12",{"date":73,"type":41},"2026-06-17",{"date":75,"type":23},"2026-06-10",{"date":77,"type":23},"2026-12-10",{"name":79,"class":48},"Antalya Health Sciences University",{"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":11,"nctId":83,"briefTitle":84,"officialTitle":85,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":86,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":59,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":87,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":89,"phases":90,"briefSummary":92,"conditions":93,"keywords":99,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":104,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":105,"startDateStruct":107,"completionDateStruct":108,"leadSponsor":110,"locationsCount":49},"100637544","manual-versus-autoflow-ventilation-during-anesthesia-inducton-in-geriatric-patients-100637544","NCT07582913","Manual Versus Autoflow Ventilation During Anesthesia Inductıon in Geriatric Patients","Effects of Manual Versus Autoflow Ventilation During Anesthesia Induction on Cerebral and Peripheral Oxygenation in Geriatric Patients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 65 years and older.\n* Patients scheduled to undergo elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia.\n* Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I, II, or III.\n* Volunteer patients who are willing to participate and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with severe heart failure or severe pulmonary disease.\n* Patients with a presence or history of brain tumors or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA\u002Fstroke).\n* Patients with impaired cooperation or cognitive dysfunction (e.g., dementia, delirium, Alzheimer's disease).\n* Patients with a known history or preoperative prediction of a difficult airway.\n* Patients with a known allergy to the monitoring sensor materials.",{"count":88,"type":23},106,"INTERVENTIONAL",[91],"NA","The objective of this study is to compare the effects of manual ventilation and AutoFlow ventilation, administered during the induction of general anesthesia, on cerebral (s-rSO₂) and peripheral (somatic) oxygenation (p-rSO₂) in geriatric patients.",[94,95,96,97,98],"Cerebral Oxygenation","Peripheral Oxygenation","Geriatrics","Ventilation","Near-Infrared Spectroscopy",[96,98,100,101,102,103],"Cerebral Oximetry","Cerebral Autoregulation","Mask Ventilation","Autoflow","2026-05-13",{"date":106,"type":41},"2026-05-15",{"date":104,"type":41},{"date":109,"type":23},"2026-12-05",{"name":111,"class":48},"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent",{"id":113,"slug":114,"hasResults":11,"nctId":115,"briefTitle":116,"officialTitle":117,"acronym":118,"eligibilityCriteria":119,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":120,"maxAge":121,"enrollmentInfo":122,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":124,"conditions":125,"keywords":132,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":135,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":136,"startDateStruct":138,"completionDateStruct":140,"leadSponsor":142,"locationsCount":49},"100601389","the-peripheral-muscle-oxygenation-and-perfusion-score-as-a-new-non-invasive-tool-to-predict-elevations-in-c-reactive-protein-levels-in-neonates-100601389","NCT07109856","The Peripheral(-Muscle) Oxygenation and Perfusion Score as a New Non-invasive Tool to Predict Elevations in C-reactive Protein Levels in Neonates","The Peripheral(-Muscle) Oxygenation and Perfusion Score (POPScore) a New Non-invasive Tool to Predict Elevations in C-reactive Protein Levels in Neonates - a Prospective Phase II Observational Study","POP-Score","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* birth weight ≥ 2000 grams\n* Signs of respiratory distress at time-point of inclusion (tachypnoea \\>60\u002Fmin, grunting, intercostal\u002Fsubcostal\u002Fjugular retractions, nasal flaring, supplemental oxygen or respiratory support)\n* Decision to conduct full life support\n* Written informed consent obtained within the first 6 hours after birth, before inclusion in the study\n* Age \\\u003C 6 hours\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* No decision to conduct full life support\n* No written informed consent\n* Birth weight \\\u003C 2000 grams\n* Age \\> 6 hours\n* Severe congenital malformations,\n* Umbilical cord artery pH \\\u003C7.20","0 Hours","6 Hours",{"count":123,"type":23},93,"This is a prospective, single-center Phase II observational study investigating the predictive value of the \"Peripheral(-muscle) Oxygenation and Perfusion Score\" (POP-Score), a novel non-invasive composite index, for early detection of infection\u002Finflammation in neonates. The POP-Score combines peripheral muscle oxygenation measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with routinely monitored clinical parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, and subcutaneous fat thickness). The study aims to determine the optimal cut-off value of the POP-Score measured within the first 6 hours after birth to predict elevated C-reactive protein (CRP ≥20 mg\u002FL) within 48 hours. Additionally, multi-site NIRS measurements (cerebral, peripheral muscle, intestinal, and flank) will be evaluated to assess their association with inflammation. The study includes term and moderate-to-late preterm neonates (birth weight ≥2000g) with respiratory distress, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Medical University of Graz.",[126,127,28,128,129,130,131],"Prematurity, Infections","NIRS","Preterm Neonates","Term Infant","Infection","Neonatal Sepsis, Early-Onset",[127,133,118,134,34],"near-infrared spectroscopy","neonates","2026-05-12",{"date":137,"type":41},"2026-05-14",{"date":139,"type":41},"2025-11-27",{"date":141,"type":23},"2028-05-01",{"name":47,"class":48},{"id":144,"slug":145,"hasResults":11,"nctId":146,"briefTitle":147,"officialTitle":148,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":149,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":58,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":150,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":152,"conditions":153,"keywords":161,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":168,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":169,"startDateStruct":171,"completionDateStruct":173,"leadSponsor":175,"locationsCount":49},"100623641","submental-tissue-oxygenation-and-arterial-lactate-in-major-surgery-100623641","NCT07399275","Submental Tissue Oxygenation and Arterial Lactate in Major Surgery","Relationship Between Submental Tissue Oxygenation, Microvascular Reactivity, and Arterial Lactate During Major Surgical Procedures","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 years and older\n* Scheduled for major surgical procedures under general anesthesia\n* Major surgery defined as procedures associated with a risk of significant blood loss and\u002For impaired tissue perfusion, requiring invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring and hourly arterial blood gas analysis\n* Planned intraoperative arterial catheter placement as part of routine clinical care\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age younger than 18 years\n* Refusal or inability to provide informed consent\n* Absence of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring\n* Known pregnancy\n* Severe peripheral vascular disease affecting upper extremities\n* Anatomical abnormalities or skin conditions preventing placement of NIRS sensors on the submental or thenar regions\n* Emergency surgery requiring immediate intervention\n* Preoperative severe metabolic acidosis (arterial pH \\\u003C 7.20)",{"count":151,"type":23},150,"During major surgical procedures performed under general anesthesia, changes in blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues may occur due to blood loss, hemodynamic fluctuations, and anesthesia-related physiological effects. These changes can lead to impaired tissue perfusion, which is commonly reflected by increased arterial lactate levels. However, lactate measurements are intermittent and may not detect early perfusion abnormalities.\n\nThis prospective observational study aims to investigate the relationship between submental tissue oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), microvascular reactivity assessed by the vascular occlusion test, and arterial lactate levels during major surgery. Adult patients undergoing major abdominal, neurosurgical, or orthopedic procedures will be monitored intraoperatively using non-invasive NIRS techniques, while arterial blood gas analyses will be performed as part of routine clinical care.\n\nThe study does not involve any changes to standard anesthesia or surgical management. All treatments and clinical decisions will be made by the responsible care team according to routine practice. By evaluating non-invasive indicators of tissue oxygenation and microvascular function, this study aims to improve the understanding of early intraoperative tissue perfusion changes and their association with metabolic markers.",[154,155,156,157,28,158,159,160],"Microcirculatory Dysfunction","Tissue Hypoperfusion","Microcirculatory Status","Microvascular Circulation","Vascular Occlusion Test","Lactate Blood Increase","Major Surgery",[162,163,164,165,166,167],"tissue hypoperfusion","microvascular circulation","Near infrared spectroscopy","vascular occlusion","lactate blood increase","Major surgery","2026-02-03",{"date":170,"type":41},"2026-02-10",{"date":172,"type":23},"2026-02-15",{"date":174,"type":23},"2027-02-15",{"name":176,"class":177},"Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital","OTHER_GOV",{"id":179,"slug":180,"hasResults":11,"nctId":181,"briefTitle":182,"officialTitle":183,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":184,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":185,"minAge":186,"maxAge":187,"enrollmentInfo":188,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":190,"conditions":191,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":199,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":200,"startDateStruct":202,"completionDateStruct":204,"leadSponsor":206,"locationsCount":49},"100591143","muscle-oxygen-saturation-and-functional-capacity-in-breast-cancer-survivors-100591143","NCT06976593","Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Functional Capacity in Breast Cancer Survivors","Analysis of Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Functional Variables During Physical Performance Tests in Breast Cancer Survivors","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 30 to 70 years\n* Clinical history of breast cancer treatment (at least 6 months prior)\n* Completed primary cancer treatment\n* Ability to perform physical tests\n* Signed informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Recurrence or metastasis\n* Severe cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disease\n* Neurological or cognitive limitations\n* Ongoing oncological treatment","FEMALE","30 Years","70 Years",{"count":189,"type":23},30,"This cross-sectional observational study aims to assess muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in the intercostal, quadriceps, and triceps surae muscles using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during functional exercise tests in breast cancer survivors. Participants will be grouped based on their previous cancer treatment: hormonal therapy only or hormonal therapy combined with chemotherapy. Functional performance will be evaluated through the 6-Minute Walk Test, 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test, and a submaximal treadmill test. The study will analyze differences in muscle oxygenation and performance between groups and explore associations with other functional and clinical parameters.",[192,193,194,195,196,197,198],"Breast Cancer Survivorship","Muscle Oxygenation","Near-infrared Spectroscopy","Exercise","Quality of Life","Functional Capacity","Hormonal Therapy","2025-05-13",{"date":201,"type":41},"2025-05-16",{"date":203,"type":23},"2025-05-05",{"date":205,"type":23},"2025-05-31",{"name":207,"class":48},"University of Extremadura",{"id":209,"slug":210,"hasResults":11,"nctId":211,"briefTitle":212,"officialTitle":213,"acronym":214,"eligibilityCriteria":215,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":18,"minAge":4,"maxAge":216,"enrollmentInfo":217,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":219,"conditions":220,"keywords":225,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":230,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":231,"startDateStruct":233,"completionDateStruct":235,"leadSponsor":237,"locationsCount":49},"100530701","predictive-value-of-neurovascular-coupling-in-infants-with-congenital-heart-disease-100530701","NCT06190210","Predictive Value of Neurovascular Coupling in Infants With COngenital Heart Disease","The Impact of Perioperative Neurovascular Coupling on Outcome in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease.","NICO","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* CHD warranting a first percutaneous or surgical intervention in the first 6 months, including but not limited to transposition of the great arteries (TGA), univentricular heart (UVH), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), coarctation of the aorta (CoA), total abnormal pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVU), Common arterial trunc (TA), large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or VSD and AVSD for which treatment is necessary within the first 6 months of life.\n* Treatment provided at the University Hospitals Leuven.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Syndromes or proven genetic conditions which are associated with neurological impairment\n* CHD warranting treatment after 6 months of life\n* Suspected or proven metabolic diseases\n* No parental\u002Fguardian consent","6 Months",{"count":218,"type":23},200,"Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk for delayed neurodevelopment. Multiple etiological explanations have been proposed, as there seems to be a multifactorial interplay of both prenatal and perioperative factors. The main goal of this research project is to focus on peri-operative physiological risk factors in infants with CHD which impair functional brain maturation or elicit brain injury, and subsequently creating a risk model and guidelines for standardized developmental follow-up in this population.\n\nPART 1: investigation of cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling The homeostasis in cerebral blood supply regardless of perfusion pressure, is called Cerebral autoregulation (CAR). Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the phenomenon in which blood supply increases as a result of increased brain activity in a specific area. At different times in the perioperative phase, these regulatory mechanisms will be estimated based on Electroencephalography (EEG) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), in addition to hemodynamic parameters.\n\nPART 2: cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extraction. Non-invasive monitoring of neuronal degeneration can be performed using cfDNA extraction techniques. Serial measurements of neuronal cfDNA will be used to determine whether and when this neuronal damage has occurred.\n\nPART 3: Prognosis and outcome. These risk factors, supplemented with demographic factors and medications administered, will be combined in an Artificial Intelligence-driven model, thus establishing a risk model for neurodevelopmental outcome. This model will be compared to the current standard-of-care, both structural imaging (ultrasound and MRI) and a clinical developmental assessment at 9 and 24 months of age (Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III).",[221,222,223,98,224],"Congenital Heart Disease","Neurodevelopmental Disorders","Electroencephalography","Biomarkers",[226,227,228,224,229,127],"Congenital heart disease","Neurodevelopment","Neuromonitoring","EEG","2025-03-27",{"date":232,"type":41},"2025-04-02",{"date":234,"type":41},"2023-12-01",{"date":236,"type":23},"2027-09-30",{"name":238,"class":48},"Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven",{"id":240,"slug":241,"hasResults":11,"nctId":242,"briefTitle":243,"officialTitle":244,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":245,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":246,"minAge":59,"maxAge":247,"enrollmentInfo":248,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":250,"conditions":251,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":70,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":254,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":255,"startDateStruct":257,"completionDateStruct":259,"leadSponsor":261,"locationsCount":49},"100582899","the-effect-of-steep-trendelenburg-position-on-neurocognitive-functions-in-robotic-radical-prostatectomy-cases-100582899","NCT06869304","The Effect of Steep Trendelenburg Position on Neurocognitive Functions in Robotic Radical Prostatectomy Cases","Examining the Effect of Steep Trendelenburg Position on Neurocognitive Functions With MoCA Test in Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy Surgeries.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 65 years\n* ASA II-III risk score\n* Patients scheduled for robotic radical prostatectomy\n* Patients who voluntarily agree to participate\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C 65 years\n* History of neurological or psychiatric disorders\n* Inability to undergo robotic surgery\n* Conversion to open prostatectomy during surgery\n* Patients who do not consent to participate","MALE","100 Years",{"count":249,"type":23},56,"The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the steep Trendelenburg position in robotic prostatectomy cases, where anesthesia depth is monitored using BIS and cerebral perfusion is tracked with NIRS, and to determine the incidence of neurocognitive dysfunction using the MoCA test in the postoperative period.\n\nSteep Trendelenburg position and CO₂ pneumoperitoneum during robotic radical prostatectomy lead to significant changes in intracranial pressure and cerebral oxygenation, which may contribute to postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (POCD). Monitoring anesthesia depth with Bispectral Index (BIS) and cerebral perfusion with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) may help detect early neurocognitive changes, and MoCA test assessments will reveal a measurable decline in cognitive function postoperatively.",[252,253,28],"Neurocognitive Disorder","Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy","2025-03-10",{"date":256,"type":41},"2025-03-11",{"date":258,"type":23},"2025-03-15",{"date":260,"type":23},"2025-10-30",{"name":111,"class":48}]