[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"nmo-spectrum-disorder\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:nmo-spectrum-disorder":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,11,0,[8,44,70,92,122,151,171,194,222,241,264],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":23,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":32,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":33,"startDateStruct":36,"completionDateStruct":38,"leadSponsor":40,"locationsCount":43},"100370705","clinical-and-imaging-cohort-of-neuroinflammation-diseases-in-china-clue-100370705",false,"NCT04106830","Clinical and Imaging Cohort of Neuroinflammation Diseases in China (CLUE)","Prospective Cohort Study of cLinical and Imaging Patterns of neUroinflammation disEases (CLUE)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 16-75\n* Diagnosis of neuroinflammatory and demyelination disease\n* Availability of demographic and clinical data at the time disease onset\n* Informed written consent obtained from the patient, and\u002For patient's parent(s), and\u002For legal representative. Assent, if old enough to grant, will be obtained from all patients under the age of 16 years.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients for whom MRI is contra-indicated\n* Patients included in an ongoing clinical trial where the product is blinded",true,"ALL","16 Years","75 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},1000,"ESTIMATED","12 Months","OBSERVATIONAL","CLUE is a prospective study to assess structural and functional changes of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, as well as the inflammatory environment in patients with neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases. Participants will receive magnetic resonance (MR) techniques including DIR, DKI, QSM, Rs-fMRI, conventional sequences (T1WI\u002FT2WI\u002FFLAIR), and the MR metabolic SPICE sequence, and will be followed up for one year using 3T MRI. In addition, participants will receive a one-time baseline examination including T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, and SWI sequences on 7T MRI, as well as PET-MRI.",[27,28,29,30],"NMO Spectrum Disorder","MRI","Multiple Sclerosis","MOGAD","RECRUITING","2026-06-12",{"date":34,"type":35},"2026-06-15","ACTUAL",{"date":37,"type":35},"2019-01-01",{"date":39,"type":22},"2028-12-31",{"name":41,"class":42},"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","OTHER",1,{"id":45,"slug":46,"hasResults":11,"nctId":47,"briefTitle":48,"officialTitle":49,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":50,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":52,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":55,"briefSummary":57,"conditions":58,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":59,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":60,"startDateStruct":62,"completionDateStruct":64,"leadSponsor":66,"locationsCount":69},"100450428","early-phase-1-clinical-study-of-b001-injection-in-subjects-with-neuromyelitis-optic-spectrum-disorder-nmosd-100450428","NCT05145361","Clinical Study of B001 Injection in Subjects With Neuromyelitis Optic Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)","A Phase Ib Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Preliminary Efficacy of B001 in Subjects With Aquaporin-4 Antibody (AQP4-IgG) Positive Neuromyelitis Optic Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. NMOSD as defined by either of the following 2015 criteria with anti-AQP4 antibody (Ab) seropositive status at screening\n2. Clinical evidence of at least 1 documented relapse in last 12 months prior to screening\n3. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score from 0 to 7.5 inclusive at screening\n4. Age 18 to 70 years, inclusive at the time of informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Any previous treatment with anti-CD20, eculizumab, anti-BLyS monoclonal antibody (e.g., belimumab), any other treatment for prevention of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse (e.g., interferon, natalizumab, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, teriflunomide or dimethyl fumarate) within 6 months prior to baseline.\n2. Received immunosuppression such as azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, mitoxantrone, cyclosporine A, etc, and rug therapy, biological agents such as satralizumab, tocilizumab, eculizumab, etc, 3 months prior to the first administration.\n3. Evidence of serious uncontrolled concomitant diseases that may preclude participant participation, as described; Other nervous system disease, cardiovascular disease, hematologic\u002Fhematopoiesis disease, respiratory disease, muscular disease, endocrine disease, renal\u002Furologic disease, digestive system disease, congenital or acquired severe immunodeficiency.\n4. Known active infection within 3 months prior to baseline\n5. Pregnancy or lactation.\n6. History of severe allergic reaction to a biologic agent\n7. Evidence of chronic active hepatitis B or C\n8. Evidence of active tuberculosis\n9. Following laboratory abnormalities at screening\\*:\n\n   1. White blood cells (WBC) \\\u003C4.0 x10\\^3\u002Fmicroliter (μL)\n   2. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)\n   3. Absolute lymphocyte count \\\u003C0.5 x10\\^3\u002FμL\n   4. Platelet count \\\u003C80 x 10\\^9\u002F L\n   5. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase\n10. History of drug or alcohol abuse within 6 months prior to baseline\n11. Receipt of any live or live attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to baseline\n12. Uncontrolled systemic diseases, including hypertension that cannot be effectively controlled after treatment (systolic blood pressure ≥150 mmHg and\u002For diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg), diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, etc.; or the investigator believes that there is anything inappropriate reasons for selection.","18 Years",{"count":53,"type":22},45,"INTERVENTIONAL",[56],"EARLY_PHASE1","The objectives of this phase Ib study are to evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenic profiles of B001 in subjects with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) positive NMOSD.",[27],"2026-04-29",{"date":61,"type":35},"2026-05-05",{"date":63,"type":35},"2022-04-07",{"date":65,"type":22},"2026-12-15",{"name":67,"class":68},"Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd","INDUSTRY",4,{"id":71,"slug":72,"hasResults":11,"nctId":73,"briefTitle":74,"officialTitle":75,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":76,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":77,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":79,"briefSummary":81,"conditions":82,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":83,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":84,"startDateStruct":86,"completionDateStruct":88,"leadSponsor":90,"locationsCount":43},"100621952","efficacy-and-safety-of-transcranial-temporal-interference-stimulation-ttis-for-neuropathic-pain-in-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-nmosd-100621952","NCT07377305","Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) for Neuropathic Pain in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)","A Single-center, Prospective, Single-arm Clinical Study: Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) for Neuropathic Pain in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients diagnosed with NMOSD in accordance with the criteria of the International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis (IPND).\n* Patients were complicated with neuropathic pain, with a DN4 score ≥ 4.\n* NRS score for pain ≥ 4 points, and neuropathic pain has persisted for more than 3 months.\n* Patients receiving biological therapy and\u002For prednisone at a stable dose, with no adjustment of the treatment plan within 30 days before enrollment.\n* Patients who have not adjusted any combination of standard analgesic drugs (including antiepileptic drugs, antidepressants, and opioid drugs) within 30 days before enrollment.\n* Patients or their family members who have signed a written informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subjects participating in other clinical studies.\n* Subjects who have used investigational drugs for pain control within 30 days before enrollment.\n* Subjects with a concurrent diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy.\n* Subjects with concurrent active central nervous system diseases.\n* Subjects with cognitive or mental disorders.\n* Subjects who are pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant during the study period.\n* Subjects with severe diseases related to the heart, liver, kidneys, or hematopoietic system.\n* Subjects with implanted devices in the body (such as cardiac pacemakers, nerve stimulators, etc.).\n* Subjects with a history of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) allergy, latex allergy, or previous intolerance.\n* Subjects with contraindications to MRI examination.\n* Subjects with head skin lesions.\n* Other medical conditions or situations that the researcher deems may affect the achievement of the study objectives.",{"count":78,"type":22},12,[80],"NA","This is an open-label, single-arm, single-center prospective pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of transcranial temperol interference stimulation in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) complicated by neuropathic pain in China.",[27],"2026-01-22",{"date":85,"type":35},"2026-01-29",{"date":87,"type":35},"2025-12-08",{"date":89,"type":22},"2026-09-30",{"name":91,"class":42},"Tang-Du Hospital",{"id":93,"slug":94,"hasResults":11,"nctId":95,"briefTitle":96,"officialTitle":97,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":98,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":99,"enrollmentInfo":100,"targetDuration":102,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":103,"conditions":104,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":112,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":113,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":114,"startDateStruct":116,"completionDateStruct":118,"leadSponsor":120,"locationsCount":43},"100618559","tongji-nads-cohort-100618559","NCT07333196","Tongji NADs Cohort","Tongji NADs Cohort: A Real-world Observation of Neurological Autoimmune Disorders","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participants must meet the following eligibility criteria at the time of screening to participate in this study.\n\n1.1. The subject is able to understand the purpose and risks of the study, provide informed consent and authorize the use of confidential health information in accordance with national and local privacy regulations.\n\n1.2. Open to both men and women, aged 18-80 years (inclusive) at the time of informed consent.\n\n1.3. Must be diagnosed with one of the following conditions:\n\n1.3.1. This study adhered to the 2017 McDonald criteria for diagnosing multiple sclerosis:\n\n1. ≥2 clinical episodes with ≥2 objective clinical evidences of lesions.\n2. ≥2 clinical episodes with one clear historical evidence of the lesion involving specific anatomical site.\n3. ≥2 clinical episodes with objective clinical evidence of one lesion, and spatial multiplicity confirmed by clinical episodes in different CNS sites or MRI findings.\n4. A single episode with ≥2 objective clinical evidences, confirmed by additional clinical episodes or MRI showing temporal multiple lesions or OCB positivity.\n5. A single episode with one objective clinical manifestation, confirmed by clinical seizures or MRI scans across multiple CNS regions to demonstrate spatial multiplicity, and further supported by additional clinical episodes or MRI findings to confirm temporal multiplicity or OCB positivity.\n6. Indication for the progressive multifocal sclerosis (PPMS) phase: Disease progression at 1 year (confirmed retrospectively or prospectively), with two of the following three criteria: \\[1\\] Spatially multifocal evidence of brain lesions: ≥1 T2-weighted lesion in characteristic MS regions (periventricular, corticoprotuberant, or subarachnoid) \\[2\\] Spatially multifocal evidence of spinal lesions: ≥2 T2-weighted lesions in the spinal cord \\[3\\] OCB positivity.\n\n1.3.2. This study adhered to the 2015 IPND diagnostic criteria for adult neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders:\n\n1. NMOSD diagnosis with AQP4-IgG positivity: meeting ≥1 core clinical feature, confirmed by reliable AQP4-IgG detection (CBA method recommended), and excluding other diagnoses.\n2. Diagnostic criteria for NMOSD with AQP4-lgG negative or undetermined status: In at least one clinical episode, the presence of ≥2 core clinical features meeting all of the following criteria: ①≥1 core clinical feature is ON, acute LETM, or bulbar syndrome; ②≥2 distinct core clinical features; ③MRI supplementary criteria are satisfied. AQP4-lgG should be reliably detected as negative or undetected, and other diagnoses must be excluded.\n\nNote: Core clinical features include six cardinal signs: optic neuritis (ON), acute myelitis (LETM), and the final area syndrome (unexplained paroxysmal hiccups, nausea, and vomiting); other brainstem syndromes; symptomatic narcolepsy\u002Fhypothalamic syndrome with characteristic hypothalamic MRI lesions; and brain syndrome with characteristic cerebral MRI lesions.\n\nMRI diagnostic criteria: Acute optic neuritis (ON) requires MRI demonstrating one of the following: ① Normal brain MRI or non-specific white matter lesions; ② Long T-weighted signal or T-weighted enhancement exceeding 1\u002F2 of optic nerve length, or optic chiasm involvement; ③ Acute myelitis (LETM) requires three or more consecutive vertebral segments with spinal cord lesions, or spinal cord atrophy exceeding three consecutive vertebral segments in patients with myelitis history; ④ Final region syndrome: lesions in the dorsal medulla or final region. Acute brainstem syndrome: periventricular lesions in the brainstem.\n\n1.3.3. This study adhered to the MOGAD diagnostic criteria established by the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (IPMD) in 2023:\n\n1. A diagnosis of MOGAD can be confirmed when: (a) fixed or live-cell CBA detects strong positivity of MOG-IgG in serum with ≥1 core clinical manifestation, and (b) other diagnoses (e.g., MS, NMOSD) are excluded;\n2. If the CBA shows weak positivity of MOG-IgG in serum, or MOG-IgG positivity without titer, or negative serum MOG-IgG with strong positivity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the diagnosis requires: 1) ≥1 core clinical manifestation, 2) ≥1 supporting clinical or imaging feature, 3) negative serum AQP4-IgG, and 4) exclusion of other diagnoses (e.g., MS, NMOSD).\n\nNote: The core clinical features include six main signs: optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, monofocal or multifocal cerebral dysfunction, brainstem or cerebellar functional deficits, and cerebral cortex inflammation with epilepsy.\n\nTypical MRI imaging features: ① Optic Neuropathy (ON): Bilateral optic nerve involvement with long-segment optic nerve damage (\\>50% optic nerve length), optic nerve sheath enhancement, and papilledema. ② Myelitis: Long-segment transverse myelitis with central spinal cord damage or \"H\" sign, and conus medullaris damage. ③ Cerebral, brainstem, or cerebral cortex symptoms: Multifocal ill-defined T2 hyperintense lesions in supratentorial and infratentorial white matter, deep gray matter involvement, ill-defined T2 hyperintense lesions in pons, cerebellar midfoot, or medulla oblongata, and cortical lesions with or without focal enhancement and local dural enhancement.\n\nThe strong positive result of serum and cerebrospinal fluid MOG-IgG was defined as the value of the live CBA was more than 2 times the detection limit or the fixed CBA titer was ≥1:100. The weak positive result was defined as the value of the live CBA was in the lower range or the fixed CBA titer was ≥1:10 but less than 1:100.\n\n1.3.4. This study followed the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis in China (2022 edition)\n\n1. Possible AE: meeting the following three diagnostic criteria A, B, and D; confirmed AE: meeting the four diagnostic criteria A, B, C, and D.\n2. Diagnostic criteria:\n\nA. Clinical presentation: Acute or subacute onset (\\\u003C3 months) with ≥1 of the following neurological or psychiatric symptoms or clinical syndromes: limbic system symptoms, encephalitis syndrome, lymphocytic inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid cytology, and positive specific oligoclonal bands.\n\nB. Neuroimaging or electrophysiological abnormalities: T2 or FLAIR abnormal signals in the limbic system (unilateral or bilateral), or T2\u002FFLAIR abnormalities in other regions (excluding nonspecific white matter changes and stroke); or PET findings of high metabolism in the limbic system, or multiple high metabolic areas in the cortex and\u002For basal ganglia; or EEG abnormalities such as focal epilepsy or epileptiform discharges (in the temporal lobe or outside it), or diffuse or multifocal slow-wave rhythms.\n\nC. Diagnostic test: Positive for anti-neuronal antibodies. D. Reasonably rule out other possible causes.\n\n1.3.5. This study adhered to the diagnostic criteria for AIDP, CIDP, and autoimmune Ranvier node disease:\n\n1. AIDP: Essential features include: ① Progressive weakness in the upper and\u002For lower limbs, ranging from mild bilateral lower limb weakness to complete paralysis of all limbs (including trunk, medullary muscles, and facial muscles) and oculomotor muscle paralysis; ② Weakened or absent deep tendon reflexes in the affected limbs; ③ Symptom progression ≤4 weeks. Supporting features include: ① Symptom progression from days to 4 weeks; ② Relatively symmetrical bilateral symptoms; ③ Trunk or limb pain; ④ Cranial nerve symptoms or signs; ⑤ Autonomic dysfunction; ⑥ Respiratory insufficiency; ⑦ Mild or absent sensory dysfunction; ⑧ History of prodromal systemic infection in approximately 70% of cases; ⑨ No fever at symptom onset; ⑩ Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein with normal or mildly elevated white blood cell count (\\\u003C5 mm³); ⑪ Electrophysiological examination showing abnormalities consistent with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS); ⑫ Recovery begins 2-4 weeks after symptom stabilization.\n2. CIDP: CIDP develops in 2%-5% of patients initially diagnosed with AIDP, with the following clinical features: ① Progressive or recurrent disease progression lasting over 8 weeks; ② Only approximately 30% of patients experience prodromal events; ③ Additional supporting features include: ≥3 acute relapses or exacerbations occurring ≥8 weeks after symptom onset, milder symptoms, preserved independent walking ability throughout the disease course, and absence of cranial nerve involvement or frequent respiratory system involvement.\n3. Autoimmune Ranvier node disease:\n\n   * Clinical manifestations: a. Acute, subacute or chronic course, with persistent progression after 8 weeks of onset; b. Clinical features consistent with polyneuropathy; c. May be accompanied by significant ataxia, tremor or neuropathic pain; d. May be associated with nephrotic syndrome.\n   * Electrophysiological findings: a. Motor nerve conduction tests reveal prolonged distal motor latency, slowed conduction velocity, abnormal waveform dispersion, and conduction block, with decreased F-wave conduction velocity, consistent with myelination abnormalities; b. Both motor and sensory nerve conduction show markedly reduced amplitude. Electromyography (EMG) at needle electrodes demonstrates abnormal spontaneous potentials and decreased recruitment, indicating early axonal damage.\n   * Antibody detection: serum anti-Langfei junction antibody was positive, especially serum anti-NF155, anti-CNTN1, anti-Casp1 and anti-NF140\u002F186 antibody.\n   * Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: Protein-cell dissociation is observed, with CSF protein levels typically showing significant elevation.\n\n1.3.6. This study adheres to the diagnostic criteria of the 2024 China Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Refractory Systemic Myasthenia Gravis\n\n1. Basic conditions\n\n   ① Meet the diagnostic criteria in the China Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis (2025 edition).\n\n   ② The patient's Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score was ≥6, and the ocular muscle score was less than 50% of the total score.\n2. Diagnostic criteria:\n\n   * After adequate duration of treatment with at least two conventional immunotherapeutic agents (including both corticosteroids and non-corticosteroid immunosuppressants), the post-intervention status (PIS) remains unchanged or worsens.\n   * After adequate doses and duration of at least two conventional immunotherapeutic drugs, the PIS showed improvement, but the MG-ADL score remained ≥6 points for at least six months.\n   * After adequate duration of treatment with at least two conventional immunotherapeutic agents, the PIS was remitted or improved, but during the regular tapering of immunotherapy, disease symptoms worsened ≥2 times per year (MG-ADL score ≥6).\n   * Patients who, after a crisis, received multiple immunotherapies including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, and high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), along with active infection control, still remained unable to wean off mechanical ventilation for more than 14 days due to MG-induced respiratory muscle weakness.\n\nDiagnostic criteria: meeting all the above basic conditions plus 1 of the 4 diagnostic conditions.\n\n1.3.7. This study adheres to the 2017 diagnostic criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) established by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), following the EULAR\u002FACR classification system. Patients with a probability score ≥55% in the table below are considered suspected IIM cases. Suspected IIM patients can be diagnosed with dermatomyositis in adults if they meet the following criteria: ① Age ≥18 years at first onset of IIM-related symptoms; ② Presence of Heliotrope sign, Gottron papules, or Gottron sign; ③ Objective proximal symmetrical arm weakness (confirmed by manual muscle strength testing or other strength assessment methods), typically progressive, or objective proximal symmetrical leg weakness, typically progressive, or more pronounced neck flexor weakness than neck extensor weakness, or more pronounced proximal leg weakness than distal leg weakness. If patients meet criteria ① and ② but not ③, they may be diagnosed with non-myopathic dermatomyositis. Compared to previous standards, this criterion demonstrates higher sensitivity and specificity. In this standard, patients with typical clinical manifestations (such as characteristic rashes) do not require further tests (e.g., muscle biopsy), while some patients without typical rashes may be missed.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* This is an observational study with no specific exclusion criteria.\n* The investigators identified other unexplained factors that may have disqualified participants from enrollment.","80 Years",{"count":101,"type":22},1550,"10 Years","Neurological Autoimmune Diseases (NADs) are disorders caused by abnormal immune system attacks on neural tissues, affecting multiple systems including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and neuromuscular junctions. This study examines clinically significant NADs such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein G antibody-related diseases (MOGAD), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy (PN), myasthenia gravis (MG), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). While sharing the core pathogenesis of autoimmune response, these diseases exhibit significant heterogeneity in epidemiological patterns, clinical manifestations, therapeutic approaches, and disease progression. This heterogeneity stems from multiple factors: (1) Differences in immune targets: MS primarily involves T-cell-mediated myelin attack, NMOSD is mainly driven by astrocyte damage caused by anti-AQP4 antibodies, MOGAD results from myelin surface loss mediated by antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G, while AE involves synaptic dysfunction due to antibodies against neuronal surface proteins (e.g., anti-NMDA-R antibodies); (2) Genetic-environmental interactions: MS is more prevalent in European and American populations, whereas NMOSD is more aggressive in Asian populations; (3) Variability in treatment response: Some diseases respond well to immunomodulatory therapy, but most still face challenges such as high relapse rates, progressive disability accumulation, and irreversible neurological damage.\n\nWhile randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide high-quality core evidence for drug registration, their strict inclusion\u002Fexclusion criteria, relatively homogeneous patient populations, and short-term observation designs often fail to fully capture the complex disease progression and treatment response patterns in real-world clinical settings. Additionally, long-term RCTs are frequently constrained by economic factors and sustainability challenges. Therefore, conducting comprehensive real-world observational studies (RWS) on NADs-integrating multi-disease cohorts, long-term follow-up data, and diverse clinical practices-holds significant scientific and clinical value for optimizing treatment strategies and improving long-term patient outcomes.",[29,27,105,106,107,108,109,110,111],"Autoimmune Encephalitis","Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease","Autoimmune Nodopathy","Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy","Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy","Myasthenia Gravis","Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-01-17",{"date":115,"type":35},"2026-01-21",{"date":117,"type":22},"2026-03-01",{"date":119,"type":22},"2037-03-01",{"name":121,"class":42},"Tongji Hospital",{"id":123,"slug":124,"hasResults":11,"nctId":125,"briefTitle":126,"officialTitle":127,"acronym":128,"eligibilityCriteria":129,"healthyVolunteers":16,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":130,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":132,"conditions":133,"keywords":136,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":141,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":142,"startDateStruct":144,"completionDateStruct":146,"leadSponsor":148,"locationsCount":150},"100537663","clinical-impact-through-ai-assisted-ms-care---a-retrospective-multi-center-observational-study-100537663","NCT06280755","Clinical Impact Through AI-assisted MS Care - A Retrospective Multi-center Observational Study.","Clinical Impact Through AI-assisted MS Care - A Retrospective Multi-center Observational Study","RECLAIM","Inclusion criteria:\n\n* Patients must have a confirmed diagnosis of MS, NMOSD, MOGAD, CIS or RIS.\n* Patient (or patient's legal representative) has previously signed and dated an informed consent form (ICF) for the secondary use of their data, or assent form. Alternatively, the secondary use of the patient's data is allowed following Institutional Review Board (IRB)\u002FEthical Committee (EC) approval in accordance with national and local subject privacy regulations.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Patients under 18 years of age will be excluded.\n* Other unspecified reasons that, in the opinion of the Investigator or Joint Steering Committee, make the patient unsuitable for participation in the study.",{"count":131,"type":22},7000,"The RECLAIM study aims to gather a centralized and harmonized dataset, enabling the secondary use of data for building AI-based models that will support diagnosis and prognosis of individual Multiple Sclerosis patient's disease course and treatment response in a real-world setting. Additionally, the data will be used to generate further insights on Multiple Sclerosis progression as well as to develop the tools to monitor this progression.",[29,27,106,134,135],"Radiologically Isolated Syndrome","Clinically Isolated Syndrome",[29,137,138,139,140],"Prognosis","Progression","AI models","disease worsening","2025-12-05",{"date":143,"type":35},"2025-12-12",{"date":145,"type":35},"2024-03-01",{"date":147,"type":22},"2027-04",{"name":149,"class":68},"icometrix",3,{"id":152,"slug":153,"hasResults":11,"nctId":154,"briefTitle":155,"officialTitle":156,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":157,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":158,"enrollmentInfo":159,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":161,"conditions":162,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":163,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":164,"startDateStruct":166,"completionDateStruct":168,"leadSponsor":170,"locationsCount":43},"100584178","monoclonal-antibody-based-therapies-for-aqp4-positive-nmosd-100584178","NCT06885957","Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapies for AQP4-Positive NMOSD","A Registry Study on Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapies for Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subjects must demonstrate capacity to comprehend the study's objectives and associated risks, provide written informed consent, and authorize utilization of confidential health information in compliance with national and regional data protection regulations.\n* Enrollment is permitted regardless of biological sex, with age ≥18 and ≤65 years (inclusive) at the time of informed consent provision.\n* All females of childbearing potential and biologically male participants must employ contraceptive measures meeting clinical trial standards throughout the study duration and for at least 30 days following the final administration of investigational therapy. Additionally, participants must abstain from gamete donation during the study period and for ≥30 days post-treatment cessation.\n* Confirmed diagnosis of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) per the 2015 International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria, with serological or cerebrospinal fluid verification of AQP4-IgG positivity for inclusion in the AQP4-NMOSD cohort. Participants must have provided documented consent for therapeutic intervention with one monoclonal antibody-based biologics.\n* Neurological examination demonstrating clinical stability within 30 days preceding baseline (Visit 1).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Medical History and Current Health Status\n\n  1. Clinically significant medical history of cardiac, endocrine, hematologic, hepatic, immune, infectious, metabolic, renal, pulmonary, neurological, dermatologic, psychiatric, or other major systemic conditions that, in the investigator's judgment, would preclude safe trial participation.\n  2. Prior cerebrovascular events resulting in a baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score \\>3.\n  3. Hypersensitivity to the investigational therapeutic agent(s) or their excipients.\n* Infection Risk\n\n  1. Documented history or positive screening test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).\n  2. Active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined as detectable HCV RNA with concomitant anti-HCV antibody positivity. Subjects with anti-HCV antibody positivity and undetectable HCV RNA remain eligible.\n  3. Active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity and\u002For total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positivity. Subjects with prior natural infection (HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive, and anti-HBs-positive) or vaccination-induced immunity (HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-negative, and anti-HBs-positive) are eligible.\n  4. Chronic, recurrent, or severe infections (e.g., pneumonitis, sepsis) within 90 days prior to baseline (Visit 1).\n  5. History of active tuberculosis (TB) or latent TB infection, defined by positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results or two consecutive tuberculin skin tests.\n  6. Active bacterial, fungal, or viral infections (including upper respiratory tract infections) within 28 days prior to baseline. Subjects with localized fungal infections (e.g., candidiasis, dermatophytosis) may undergo re-screening post-treatment.\n  7. Contraindications to rescue therapies, including rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), high-dose corticosteroids, or cyclophosphamide.\n  8. Prior exposure to total lymphoid irradiation, cladribine, T-cell or T-cell receptor vaccination, total body irradiation, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at any time.\n* Additional Exclusion Criteria\n\n  1. Clinically significant suicidal ideation or behavior within the past 12 months, as assessed by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS).\n  2. Unwillingness or inability to comply with protocol-mandated procedures.\n  3. Severe auditory\u002Fvisual impairment, language barriers, claustrophobia, or other conditions precluding neuropsychological assessments or MRI completion.\n  4. Any other condition deemed by the investigator or sponsor to compromise subject eligibility or study integrity.","65 Years",{"count":160,"type":22},200,"The primary objective of this registry study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles of distinct monoclonal antibody-based therapies for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders within the Chinese population under real-world clinical conditions. Secondary objectives include quantitative assessment of longitudinal neuroimaging biomarker variations and immunological profile alterations in longitudinal biological specimens pre- and post-therapeutic intervention.",[27],"2025-09-05",{"date":165,"type":35},"2025-09-08",{"date":167,"type":35},"2025-07-01",{"date":169,"type":22},"2027-12-31",{"name":121,"class":42},{"id":172,"slug":173,"hasResults":11,"nctId":174,"briefTitle":175,"officialTitle":175,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":176,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":177,"enrollmentInfo":178,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":180,"briefSummary":183,"conditions":184,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":185,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":186,"startDateStruct":188,"completionDateStruct":190,"leadSponsor":192,"locationsCount":43},"100594649","phase-1-safety-and-efficacy-of-baff-r-cart-for-refractory-neuroimmune-diseases-100594649","NCT07022197","Safety and Efficacy of BAFF-R CART for Refractory Neuroimmune Diseases","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1\\. Assessed by the investigator as having a refractory neuroimmune disease;\n\nRefractory neuroimmune diseases were defined as:\n\n1. Poor symptom control on at least three immunosuppressive agents for more than one year;\n2. Clinical evidence of at least two relapses within 12 months or three relapses within 24 months and one relapse within 12 months prior to screening.\n\n2\\. Male study participants must agree to use contraception during the treatment period for 1 year after receiving study treatment, and sperm donation is prohibited throughout the study period;\n\n3\\. In the case of females with childbearing potential, need to agree to use contraception during the treatment period and for at least 1 year after receiving study treatment. Participants must have a negative serum pregnancy test result at screening and a confirmed negative urine pregnancy test result prior to first CART treatment.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Any medical or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may jeopardize the study participant or affect the study participant's ability to participate in this study;\n2. A history of drug or alcohol abuse within the 12 months prior to baseline, or any condition that in the opinion of the investigator is associated with poor adherence;\n3. Women who are breastfeeding or pregnant, or who plan to become pregnant at any time during the 12-month time period following treatment with CART, or a history of spontaneous or induced abortion within 4 weeks prior to screening;\n4. Study participants with a clinically relevant active infection (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia, or abscess) or serious infection (resulting in hospitalization or requiring antibiotic therapy) within 4 weeks prior to baseline;\n5. The study participant has received a live attenuated vaccination within 8 weeks prior to baseline; or is scheduled to receive a live vaccination (including COVID-19 vaccine) within 8 weeks after treatment;\n6. Study participants who have received prior treatment with rituximab within 6 months prior to baseline;\n7. Study participants had received tolizumab, eculizumab within 3 months prior to baseline;\n8. Study participants who have received intravenous human immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, undergone immunotherapy within 4 weeks prior to baseline;\n9. Known concomitant serious underlying diseases, such as hepatic and renal impairment, hematologic disorders, previous severe cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, diabetes mellitus, poor control of blood pressure and blood glucose;\n10. Comorbid mental illness, suicidal ideation (affirmative answer (yes) to question 4 or question 5 of the Colombian Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) indicating a suicide attempt within the last 6 months);\n11. Any of the following laboratory abnormalities during the screening period (a repeat measurement may be taken during the screening period prior to randomization to confirm results); (1) Elevated liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \\> 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); (2) Total bilirubin \\> 1.5 times the ULN; (3) Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \\\u003C45 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2; (4) CD19 + B cell count \\\u003C40 cells\u002FµL;\n12. Presence of a history of tuberculosis infection, high risk of acquired tuberculosis infection;\n13. known immunodeficiency diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection;\n14. Viral hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity during the screening period;\n15. Receiving blood transfusion therapy 4 weeks prior to baseline or during the screening period;\n16. Any other condition that the investigator deems inappropriate for participation in the study.","60 Years",{"count":179,"type":22},27,[181,182],"PHASE1","PHASE2","This study is a phase Ib\u002FIIa dose-escalation study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of autologous T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-targeted B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR) in refractory neuroimmune diseases. The study design is divided into two parts, the first of which will be given to each patient at 3 incremental dose levels to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Each disease is expected to enroll 12 patients who meet the inclusion criteria. In the second part, 15 patients per disease will be recruited to further characterize the efficacy of the MTD.",[109,27,110,111],"2025-06-06",{"date":187,"type":35},"2025-06-15",{"date":189,"type":35},"2025-04-10",{"date":191,"type":22},"2027-12-30",{"name":193,"class":42},"Tianjin Medical University General Hospital",{"id":195,"slug":196,"hasResults":11,"nctId":197,"briefTitle":198,"officialTitle":199,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":200,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":201,"maxAge":202,"enrollmentInfo":203,"targetDuration":204,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":205,"conditions":206,"keywords":210,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":213,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":214,"startDateStruct":216,"completionDateStruct":218,"leadSponsor":220,"locationsCount":43},"100439607","biorepository-and-registry-for-plasma-exchange-patients-100439607","NCT05004493","Biorepository and Registry for Plasma Exchange Patients","Assessment of Changes in Normal and Pathological Immune Factors in Patients Undergoing Plasma Exchange","Pts undergoing plasma exchange therapy are eligible to be in this protocol","12 Years","99 Years",{"count":160,"type":22},"1 Year","Patients who have immune mediated diseases commonly undergo plasma exchange (PLEX) procedures to remove pathological substances, typically believed to be antibodies. At our facility about 400 of these procedures are performed annually on 40-60 different patients. These procedures are considered within the standard of care for these patients and are covered by insurance. This study will not influence the treatment plan for subjects who participate in this study. The goal of the study is to collect and cryopreserve blood biospecimens (plasma, serum, PBMCs) for current and future studies. Any patient undergoing plasma exchange procedures will be eligible for the study. Patients or the legally authorized representative (LAR) will be consented for the study as soon as feasible after the are referred to DeGowin for plasma exchange. The immediate objective of the study is to examine antibody levels (IgG\u002FIgM) and BAFF levels in the blood of these patients over the course of the plasma exchange treatments. Specimens and clinical data will be collected such that other immune factors that may regulate B cell survival, proliferation and antibody secretion can be studied. Another goal of the study is to isolate and cryopreserve PBMCs at different points during the patient's treatment. This would allow the study of immune cells that may mediate these diseases. The study will also follow pathological antibodies over time in these patients so biospecimens can be obtained even after the completion of their course of plasma exchange treatments. The collection of biospecimens and clinical information from these subjects will help us understand the impact of plasma exchange on both normal and pathological immune factors in a variety of patients undergoing these procedures.",[207,27,208,209],"Antibody-mediated Rejection","TTP","CIDP",[211,212],"plasma exchange","plasmapheresis","2025-05-15",{"date":215,"type":35},"2025-05-20",{"date":217,"type":35},"2021-07-28",{"date":219,"type":22},"2040-12-31",{"name":221,"class":42},"Charles M Knudson",{"id":223,"slug":224,"hasResults":11,"nctId":225,"briefTitle":226,"officialTitle":226,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":227,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":228,"enrollmentInfo":229,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":230,"briefSummary":231,"conditions":232,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":233,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":234,"startDateStruct":236,"completionDateStruct":238,"leadSponsor":240,"locationsCount":43},"100500146","phase-1-efficacy-and-safety-of-baricitinib-in-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorders-100500146","NCT05792462","Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male or female patients ≥ 18 years old;\n2. Diagnosis of NMO or NMO spectrum disorder according to the 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis criteria;\n3. Clinical evidence of either at least one attack requiring rescue therapy (intravenous corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, or a combination of these therapies) in the year before screening or at least two attacks requiring rescue therapy in the 2 years before screening;\n4. EDSS \\\u003C=6.0;\n5. Patients were seropositive for AQP4-IgG;\n6. Able and willing to give written informed consent and comply with the requirements of the study protocol.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Current evidence or known history of clinically significant infection (Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis viruses, Syphilis, etc);\n2. Participation in another interventional trial within the last 3 months Tumor disease currently or within last 5 years;\n3. Pregnant, breastfeeding, or child-bearing potential during the course of the study Clinically relevant heart, liver, kidney or bone marrow function disorder.\n4. Have a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE), or are considered at high risk for VTE by the investigator.","85 Years",{"count":78,"type":22},[181,182],"Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is associated with a pathological humoral immune response against the aquaporin-4(AQP-4) water channel. Baricitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1\u002FJAK2 inhibitor that blocks the upregulated JAK-STAT pathway in patients with neuroimmune disorders, which is important in bone marrow regulation of B cell proliferation and differentiation. Baricitinib may benefit some patients with NMOSD due to the important role of B cells in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. Clinical trials may be needed to observe its efficacy and safety.",[27],"2024-10-13",{"date":235,"type":35},"2024-10-16",{"date":237,"type":35},"2023-04-15",{"date":239,"type":22},"2025-12-30",{"name":193,"class":42},{"id":242,"slug":243,"hasResults":11,"nctId":244,"briefTitle":245,"officialTitle":246,"acronym":247,"eligibilityCriteria":248,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":51,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":249,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":54,"phases":251,"briefSummary":252,"conditions":253,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":112,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":256,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":257,"startDateStruct":259,"completionDateStruct":261,"leadSponsor":263,"locationsCount":4},"100554306","phase-2-fcrn-antagonists-efgartigimod-for-acute-nmosd-attack-100554306","NCT06497374","FcRn Antagonists (Efgartigimod) for Acute NMOSD Attack","FcRn Antagonists (Efgartigimod) for Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) Attack: a Phase 2, Randomized Controlled Trial.","FACT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male or female, ages 18 to 75.\n2. Meet the 2015 International Panel of Experts (IPND) diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.\n3. Acute EDSS nadir of 2.5-7.5, and a change of at least 0.5 points from baseline due to an acute relapse event.\n4. Confirmation of serum AQP4-IgG antibody positivity using the CBA assay.\n5. Confirmation of an acute attack of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders either with an acute optic neuritis and\u002For acute myelitis, defined as a worsening in the patient's signs and symptoms of neurological\u002Fvisual impairment, an increase in the EDSS score, and symptoms lasting more than 24 hours and occurring more than 1 month since the last attack. Combination of imaging and clinical evaluation will be used to assess relapse and rule out a pseudorelapse.\n6. New lesions or enhanced lesions need to be found in MRI.\n7. Subjects who were receiving immunosuppressive therapy prior to the screening period will be required to agree to discontinue immunosuppression.\n8. Treatment is stable at least 3 months.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Other core clinical symptoms besides optic neuritis and myelitis.\n2. Severe neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attack, which in the judgment of the investigator is not appropriate for this study. Severe is defined as requiring assisted ventilation or likely to require assisted ventilation during the study based on the judgment of the investigator.\n3. Subjects with total IgG levels ≤ 6 g\u002FL at screening.\n4. Subjects with a B-cell count ≤ 5% of the lower limit of normal at screening.\n5. Received high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone within 4 weeks prior to the screening period.\n6. Received intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, or immunoadsorption treatment within 4 weeks prior to the screening period.\n7. Received a vaccination within the first 4 weeks of the screening period or planned during the study.\n8. Using of a monoclonal antibody or investigational drug not mentioned above that has immunomodulatory effects within 3 months or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to the screening period.\n9. Subject is known to be allergic to any component of the study drug or any other FcRn drug or contrast medium for enhanced MRI.\n10. Subject is known to have contraindications to taking methylprednisolone (for subjects in A and B group).\n11. Subjects with clinically significant active infections (including unresolved or inadequately treated infections, including active tuberculosis) as assessed by the investigator.\n12. Subjects with positive screening tests for hepatitis B and C who have received live or live attenuated vaccine within 6 weeks prior to baseline.\n13. Subjects is known unable to taken MRI.\n14. Subjects is known to have other ophthalmic disease that affect vision as assessed by the investigator.",{"count":250,"type":22},63,[182],"NMOSD is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the spinal cord and optic nerves. The objectives of this study are to assess the efficacy and safety of FcRn antagonists (efgartigmod) for treatment of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders during acute phase who are anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive. The potential of efgartigimod, an IgG1 Fc fragment that competes with IgG for FcRn binding, thereby lowering IgG levels, warrants further investigation as a treatment for acute neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders attacks. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of efgartigmod in acute NMOSD attack.",[254,255,27],"Neuromyelitis Optica","Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder","2024-07-04",{"date":258,"type":35},"2024-07-11",{"date":260,"type":22},"2024-07-05",{"date":262,"type":22},"2026-06-30",{"name":193,"class":42},{"id":265,"slug":266,"hasResults":11,"nctId":267,"briefTitle":268,"officialTitle":269,"acronym":270,"eligibilityCriteria":271,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":272,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":274,"conditions":275,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":31,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":280,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":281,"startDateStruct":283,"completionDateStruct":285,"leadSponsor":287,"locationsCount":43},"100451120","china-national-registry-of-neuro-inflammatory-diseases-100451120","NCT05154370","China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases","China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases: a Prospective Cohort Study","CNRID","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 1\\. No requirement for age and sex\n* 2\\. Need to meet the diagnosis of at least one IDD (clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)\u002Fmultiple sclerosis (MS)\u002Fneuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)\u002FMOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)\u002Facute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).\n* 3\\. Signed informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Those with severe mental disease unable to cooperate with the examination and\u002For follow-up.\n* Any patient (or the patient's legal representative) who is unable or refuses to sign informed consent.",{"count":273,"type":22},10000,"Central nervous system (CNS) idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDD) are mainly diseases caused by autoimmune factors that result in CNS demyelination damage and loss. It tends to accumulate in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Multiple sclerosis (MS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are all common IDDs of the CNS. Besides, primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), etc. may also be included because they are important differential diagnoses. This study will establish a large prospective cohort study database of Chinese IDD, which will record detailed electronic information on IDD patients, including demographic and socioeconomic data, medical history, clinical information, medication, and relevant examination results. The long-term observational study will be used to understand the natural history of disease, disability progression rates, imaging and biological indicators, long-term treatment approaches and prognosis of Chinese patients with IDD, to find predictive markers for IDD progression and prognosis, and to identify factors that influence the treatment and prognosis of patients with IDD.",[29,27,135,276,277,278,279],"CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases","Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis","Primay Angiitis of the Central Nervous System","Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy","2023-07-19",{"date":282,"type":35},"2023-07-21",{"date":284,"type":35},"2021-12-15",{"date":286,"type":22},"2026-11-01",{"name":41,"class":42}]