[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"nontuberculous-mycobacterial-lung-disease\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:nontuberculous-mycobacterial-lung-disease":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,8,0,[8,50,72,100,127,150,173,195],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":29,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":38,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":39,"startDateStruct":42,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100642260","hypertonic-saline-inhalation-for-nontuberculous-mycobacterial-lung-disease-100642260",false,"NCT07647575","Hypertonic Saline Inhalation for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease","A Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Versus Delayed Hypertonic Saline Inhalation in Treatment-Naïve Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease","HiNTM","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Adults aged 18 years or older.\n2. Diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) according to ATS\u002FERS\u002FESCMID\u002FIDSA diagnostic criteria, including compatible clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and microbiological evidence.\n3. Not receiving anti-NTM antibiotic treatment at the time of screening.\n4. Able and willing to provide written informed consent.\n5. Able to perform nebulized inhalation therapy using a mesh nebulizer at home.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Active tuberculosis.\n2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.\n3. Receiving active treatment for malignancy.\n4. Uncontrolled asthma.\n5. Frequent or clinically significant hemoptysis.\n6. History of intolerance, bronchospasm, or hypersensitivity during inhalation testing with hypertonic saline.\n7. Inability to prepare a mesh nebulizer or perform inhalation therapy at home.\n8. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make participation unsafe or interfere with study participation.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},262,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the clinical and microbiological effects of inhaled 3% hypertonic saline in treatment-naïve patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). Participants are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either early initiation of 3% hypertonic saline for 6 months or delayed initiation consisting of normal saline inhalation during the first 3 months followed by 3% hypertonic saline during the subsequent 3 months.\n\nThe primary objective is to compare respiratory symptom improvement between hypertonic saline and normal saline at Month 3. Secondary objectives include evaluating sputum microbiological outcomes, radiographic changes, inflammatory markers, small airway function, treatment initiation, safety, and within-participant changes before and after switching from normal saline to hypertonic saline in the delayed-initiation arm.\n\nThe first participant was enrolled on October 3, 2025.",[27,28],"Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease","Bronchiectasis",[30,31,27,28,32,33,34,35,36],"Hypertonic saline inhalation","Airway clearance therapy","Mycobacterium avium complex","Mycobacterium abscessus","Respiratory Severity Score","Nebulized Hypertonic Saline","NTM-LD","RECRUITING","2026-06-10",{"date":40,"type":41},"2026-06-15","ACTUAL",{"date":43,"type":41},"2025-10-03",{"date":45,"type":21},"2028-07-31",{"name":47,"class":48},"Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","OTHER_GOV",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":11,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":54,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":55,"healthyVolunteers":56,"sex":17,"minAge":57,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":58,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":60,"phases":4,"briefSummary":61,"conditions":62,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":63,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":64,"startDateStruct":65,"completionDateStruct":67,"leadSponsor":69,"locationsCount":49},"100491364","validation-of-soluble-programmed-death-1-in-predicting-progression-of-nodular-bronchiectatic-form-of-nontuberculous-mycobacterial-lung-disease-a-multi-country-research-100491364","NCT05678166","Validation of Soluble Programmed Death-1 in Predicting Progression of Nodular-bronchiectatic Form of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: a Multi-Country Research","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 20 years\n* NTM-LD: (N=250) Diagnosis is made on the basis of the guidelines produced by the American Thoracic Society.Patients have pulmonary symptoms with identified chest image and fit with the microbiology criteria.\n* NTM pulmonary colonizers and others: (N=100) Those without fulfilling the diagnostic criteria but having at least one set of positive sputum for MAC or patients infected with NTM other than MAC species.\n* Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB): (N=100) Those with respiratory specimen culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or typical TB pulmonary pathology.\n* Healthy control (N=50)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome",true,"20 Years",{"count":59,"type":21},500,"OBSERVATIONAL","The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing worldwide and in Eastern Asia. NTM-LD leads significant morbidity and mortality, around 25% within 5 years, but the treatment rate is low because the course of NTM-LD is indolent, especially in nodular-bronchiectatic (NB) form. However, there is no biomarker proven for predicting the progression in NB form of NTM-LD. Recently, it has been reported that the ratio of membrane-form programmed death-1 (PD-1) expressed T cells increased in patients with NTM-LD and it was associated with disease severity and progression. The mechanism has been speculated as a \"immune exhaustion\". In contrast to PD-1 expressed in cell membrane, soluble-form PD-1 is another biomarker that can be easily detected in serum. We recently reported that soluble PD-1 significantly correlated with cavitary lesion and disease progression in patients with NB-form NTM-LD in Taiwan. However, this has not been validated in other countries and ethnicities. Furthermore, the usefulness of soluble PD-1 in diagnosis and predicting mortality warrants further studies.",[27],"2026-06-07",{"date":38,"type":41},{"date":66,"type":41},"2023-01-31",{"date":68,"type":21},"2026-12-31",{"name":70,"class":71},"National Taiwan University Hospital","OTHER",{"id":73,"slug":74,"hasResults":11,"nctId":75,"briefTitle":76,"officialTitle":76,"acronym":36,"eligibilityCriteria":77,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":78,"enrollmentInfo":79,"targetDuration":81,"studyType":60,"phases":4,"briefSummary":82,"conditions":83,"keywords":85,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":91,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":92,"startDateStruct":94,"completionDateStruct":96,"leadSponsor":98,"locationsCount":4},"100621995","clinical-characteristics-and-immune-escape-mechanism-of-nontuberculous-mycobacterial-lung-disease-in-south-china-100621995","NCT07377864","Clinical Characteristics and Immune Escape Mechanism of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease in South China","Inclusion Criteria:1. (Both Cohorts):\n\n* Patients diagnosed with nontuberculous mycobacterial according to standard guidelines.\n* Aged 18 years or older.\n* Available medical records covering the period from 2015 to 2025 (for the retrospective cohort).\n\n  2\\. (Prospective Sub-cohort Additional):\n* Willing and able to provide written informed consent for biospecimen collection.\n* Clinically stable and suitable for undergoing research bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure, as judged by the investigator.\n\nExclusion Criteria: 1. (Both Cohorts):\n\n* Active tuberculosis or other dominant pulmonary infections.\n* Incomplete medical records that preclude adequate data extraction (for retrospective analysis).\n\n  2\\. (Prospective Sub-cohort Additional):\n* Contraindications to bronchoscopy or BAL procedure.\n* Pregnancy or lactation.\n* Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise patient safety or data integrity.","80 Years",{"count":80,"type":21},1500,"12 Months","Nontuberculous Mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is a significant infectious challenge. The precise causes remain unclear, diagnosis can be complex, treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory, and the disease can severely affect a patient's quality of life. Environmental factors, such as the warm and humid climate in South China, may contribute to unique characteristics of NTM in this region, but systematic research is currently lacking.\n\nThis study aims to improve the understanding of NTM-LD in South China. It consists of two complementary parts:\n\n1. The first part is a retrospective review of medical records from approximately 1,500 NTM patients across multiple hospitals in South China. This analysis seeks to identify common patterns in symptoms, diagnostic findings, and treatment responses within this population.\n2. The second part is a prospective study involving about 106 current NTM-LD patients. Blood and lung fluid samples will be collected to analyze, using advanced laboratory techniques, how the patient's immune system responds to the infection. This investigation aims to uncover clues about why some cases are difficult to treat.\n\nThe overall goal of this research is to generate evidence that can aid healthcare providers in South China in diagnosing and managing NTM-LD more effectively. Please note that this is an observational study; no new drugs or experimental treatments are being tested.",[27,84],"Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)",[86,87,88,89],"Nontuberculous Mycobacterial","South China","Immune Escape","Outcome","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-01-28",{"date":93,"type":41},"2026-01-30",{"date":95,"type":21},"2026-01-01",{"date":97,"type":21},"2028-12-31",{"name":99,"class":71},"Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University",{"id":101,"slug":102,"hasResults":11,"nctId":103,"briefTitle":104,"officialTitle":104,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":105,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":106,"targetDuration":108,"studyType":60,"phases":4,"briefSummary":109,"conditions":110,"keywords":112,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":118,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":119,"startDateStruct":121,"completionDateStruct":123,"leadSponsor":125,"locationsCount":49},"100620913","association-of-nutrition-and-t-cell-immune-activity-with-disease-progression-in-nontuberculous-mycobacterial-pulmonary-disease-100620913","NCT07363798","Association of Nutrition and T Cell Immune Activity With Disease Progression in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 years or older\n* Confirmed or suspected nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease\n* Active pulmonary tuberculosis excluded by standard microbiologic testing\n* Undergoing bronchoscopy as part of routine clinical evaluation or disease monitoring\n* Able and willing to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by microbiologic testing\n* Positive latent tuberculosis infection test\n* Current active malignancy requiring treatment\n* History of solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation\n* Use of systemic immunosuppressive medications\n* Diagnosis of autoimmune disease\n* Use of biologic agents or planned initiation of biologic therapy\n* Acute lower respiratory tract infection requiring treatment within 4 weeks prior to bronchoscopy\n* Pregnancy",{"count":107,"type":21},50,"2 Years","Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic lung infection caused by environmental mycobacteria. The clinical course of NTM-PD varies widely among patients. Some individuals remain stable for long periods without treatment, while others experience worsening lung disease that requires antibiotic therapy or may lead to death. Currently available clinical tools are limited in their ability to predict which patients will experience disease progression.\n\nThis observational study aims to better understand how the body's immune response and nutritional status are related to disease progression in adults with confirmed or suspected NTM-PD. In particular, the study focuses on T cells, a type of immune cell that plays an important role in controlling mycobacterial infections. Prior research suggests that impaired T-cell function may contribute to disease progression in NTM-PD, but most studies have relied on blood samples rather than immune cells from the lung, where the infection occurs.\n\nIn this study, immune cells obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during clinically indicated bronchoscopy will be analyzed to assess inhibitory and exhausted T-cell profiles in the lung. In addition, systemic T-cell function will be evaluated using the mitogen response from the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus blood test. Nutritional status and body composition will also be assessed, as poor nutrition is known to affect immune function and disease outcomes.\n\nParticipants will be followed over time as part of routine clinical care. The primary outcome of the study is the time from enrollment to the initiation of antibiotic treatment due to clinical disease progression. Secondary outcomes include identifying immune predictors of treatment initiation, examining the relationship between nutritional status and immune activity, evaluating changes in body composition and immune markers with disease progression, and determining whether immune and nutritional measures improve prediction of mortality beyond established clinical risk scores.\n\nBy integrating lung immune profiling, blood-based immune testing, nutritional assessment, and clinical data, this study seeks to improve risk stratification in NTM-PD. The results may help identify patients at higher risk for disease progression and poor outcomes, support more personalized monitoring strategies, and inform future studies targeting immune and nutritional pathways in NTM-PD.",[111,27],"Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease",[113,114,115,116,117],"Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","Bronchoalveolar lavage","T cell exhaustion","Disease progression","Nutritional status","2026-01-14",{"date":120,"type":41},"2026-01-23",{"date":122,"type":21},"2026-01",{"date":124,"type":21},"2027-12-31",{"name":126,"class":71},"Seoul National University Hospital",{"id":128,"slug":129,"hasResults":11,"nctId":130,"briefTitle":131,"officialTitle":132,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":133,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":134,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":60,"phases":4,"briefSummary":136,"conditions":137,"keywords":138,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":141,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":142,"startDateStruct":144,"completionDateStruct":146,"leadSponsor":148,"locationsCount":49},"100598803","biomarkers-of-phage-treatment-response-in-ntm-and-other-infections-100598803","NCT07076238","Biomarkers of Phage Treatment Response in NTM and Other Infections","A Single-Center Observational Biomarker Investigation of Response to Bacteriophage Treatment for Bacterial Infection","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Adults 18 years of age or older\n2. Provision of appropriate written consent\n3. Willingness and ability to participate in study procedures\n4. Diagnosis of bacterial\u002Fmycobacterial infection that meets criteria for treatment (clinical, radiographic, and microbiologic data)\n5. Patients are being considered by clinician for phage therapy as a part of their standard of care\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients under 18 years of age\n2. Pregnant individuals as this population is not considered for phage treatment due to unknown risks of the treatment\n3. Breastfeeding Individuals who are breastfeeding as this population is not considered for phage treatment due to unknown risk to the infant",{"count":135,"type":21},100,"This study aims to identify biomarkers associated with response to phage therapy for refractory bacterial infections. This includes mycobacteriophage treatment for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Blood and airway samples will be obtained from follow up visits of patients with refractory bacterial infections that are considered for phage therapy. Samples will be compared between those that receive phage therapy and those that did not. Biomarkers will include changes in the airway microbiome, transcriptome, inflammatory cytokines, and development of neutralizing antibody against phages. The primary endpoint is to identify biomarkers associated with clinical and\u002For radiographic improvement and\u002For culture improvement which includes clearing of cultures or decrease in qualitative or resolution of signs and symptoms of infection after at least 6-8 weeks of bacteriophage therapy.",[27],[139,140],"Bacteriophage therapy","Refractory bacterial infection","2025-10-28",{"date":143,"type":41},"2025-10-30",{"date":145,"type":41},"2025-06-25",{"date":147,"type":21},"2032-06-25",{"name":149,"class":71},"NYU Langone Health",{"id":151,"slug":152,"hasResults":11,"nctId":153,"briefTitle":154,"officialTitle":155,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":156,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":157,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":158,"briefSummary":160,"conditions":161,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":163,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":164,"startDateStruct":166,"completionDateStruct":168,"leadSponsor":170,"locationsCount":172},"100433270","phase-4-hypertonic-saline-for-mac-100433270","NCT04921943","Hypertonic Saline for MAC","Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* At least 2 positive MAC sputum cultures in the last 12 months with at least one AFB positive sputum obtained within 12 weeks prior to randomization\n* Meet American Thoracic Society (ATS)\u002F Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) 2007 pulmonary clinical disease criteria\\[1\\]\n* Age 18 and older\n* Diagnosis of Bronchiectasis and\u002For bronchiectatic findings evident on chest CT report\n* Ability to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Any patient who is unwilling or unable to provide consent or to comply with this protocol\n* Cavitary NTM disease\n* Patients who are currently taking or within the prior 6 months received any of the following: bedaquiline, or any component of ATS\u002FIDSA multi-drug recommended therapy (macrolide, ethambutol, rifampin) for MAC treatment\n* Diagnosis of HIV\n* Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis\n* Active pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal, or nocardial disease requiring treatment at screening\n* Current use of chronic systemic corticosteroids at doses of 15 mg\u002Fday for more than 3 months\n* Prior lung or other solid organ transplant",{"count":107,"type":21},[159],"PHASE4","The MAC-HS study is a testing whether hypertonic saline helps improve symptoms and clearance of mycobacteria in patients with M. avium complex lung infections.",[27,162],"Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection","2025-08-12",{"date":165,"type":41},"2025-08-15",{"date":167,"type":41},"2021-05-18",{"date":169,"type":21},"2025-12-31",{"name":171,"class":71},"Oregon Health and Science University",3,{"id":174,"slug":175,"hasResults":11,"nctId":176,"briefTitle":177,"officialTitle":178,"acronym":179,"eligibilityCriteria":180,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":181,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":183,"briefSummary":184,"conditions":185,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":145,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":187,"startDateStruct":189,"completionDateStruct":191,"leadSponsor":193,"locationsCount":49},"100454016","phase-4-hypertonic-saline-inhalation-for-mycobacterium-avium-complex-pulmonary-disease-100454016","NCT05192057","Hypertonic Saline Inhalation for Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Disease","A Randomized Controlled Trial on Hypertonic Saline Inhalation in Patients With Nodular-bronchiectatic Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Disease","SALINE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* International guideline criteria for nodular-bronchiectatic MAC lung disease, i.e. symptomatic, nodular bronchiectatic lesions seen on thorax radiography and ≥2 positive cultures of the same MAC species or one positive culture from a bronchoalveolar lavage;\n* ≥1 positive MAC sputum cultures must be collected in the previous 4 months;\n* Signed and dated patient informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Fibrocavitary MAC lung disease;\n* Antimycobacterial treatment in the last 6 months;\n* Previous MAC lung disease treatment failure, defined as persistent culture positivity despite \\>6 months of guideline-recommended treatment;\n* Current clinical relevant asthma or otherwise bronchial hyperresponsiveness that is judged to be a contra-indication for HSi.\n* Current HSi use\n* Former adverse reaction to HSi (note: former HSi use that was stopped due to a lack of clinical improvement is not an exclusion criterium);\n* Hypertonic saline intolerability during the screening test inhalation\n* Diagnosis of HIV;\n* Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis (CF);\n* Active pulmonary malignancy (primary or metastatic) or any other malignancy requiring chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 6 months before screening or anticipated during the study period;\n* Active pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal or nocardial disease requiring treatment\n* Current use of chronic systemic corticosteroids at doses of 15 mg\u002Fday for more than 3 months\n* Prior lung or other solid organ transplant\n* Known or suspected current drug or alcohol abuse, that is, in the opinion of the Investigator, sufficient to compromise the safety or cooperation of the patient.",{"count":182,"type":21},30,[159],"The SALINE trial will investigate the effect of Hypertonic Saline inhalation plus best supportive care on burden of symptoms, clearance of mycobacteria and functional capacities in participants with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease and compare the effect to treatment with best supportive care alone.",[27,186],"Mycobacterium Avium Complex",{"date":188,"type":41},"2025-06-26",{"date":190,"type":41},"2022-05-20",{"date":192,"type":21},"2026-10-01",{"name":194,"class":71},"Radboud University Medical Center",{"id":196,"slug":197,"hasResults":11,"nctId":198,"briefTitle":199,"officialTitle":200,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":201,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":202,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":60,"phases":4,"briefSummary":204,"conditions":205,"keywords":210,"overallStatus":37,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":214,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":215,"startDateStruct":217,"completionDateStruct":219,"leadSponsor":221,"locationsCount":49},"100536562","m-avium-wgs-during-mav-pd-treatment-100536562","NCT06266442","M. Avium WGS During Mav-PD Treatment","Longitudinal Assessment of Clinical Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Isolates in Treated Patients Using Whole Genome Sequencing","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 and older\n* Willing to provide informed consent and participate in study procedures\n* Residing continuously in Ontario during the past five years\n* Mav-PD, either initial or recurrent (previously treated patients will be eligible) five years\n* Meet American Thoracic Society (ATS) \u002F Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) NTM disease criteria for Mav-PD\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Lack of an available pre-treatment M. avium isolate in the PHOL isolate bank\n* The inability to produce sputum either spontaneously or by induction with nebulized hypertonic saline\n* Cavitation \\>3 cm internal diameter\n* Known macrolide-resistant MAC infection\n* HIV infection\n* Known diagnosis of cystic fibrosis\n* History of solid organ or hematological transplantation\n* Severe comorbid illness that is reasonably expected to limit survival to \\\u003C24 months\n* Residing in mid\u002Fnorth York region (King, Aurora, Newmarket, Whitechurch-Stouffville, East Gwillimbury or Georgina)\n* Having moved between regions (Toronto\u002Fsouthern York region vs non-Toronto\u002FYork region vs mid-northern York region) within the past 5 years",{"count":203,"type":21},40,"This is a prospective observational study using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate whether new strains (other than the initially identified strain(s)) of M. avium are responsible for persistently culture positive sputum during treatment (refractory disease), or the reversion to culture positive sputum after prior conversion to negative. The study will further investigate for differences between participants living in the Toronto\u002FYork region versus participants living elsewhere.\n\nThe primary goal of this prospective observational study is to understand why some patients with M. avium lung disease have persistent or recurrent M. avium in their sputum despite treatment. The aim is to understand whether it is usually due to treatment failure or new infection.",[206,207,208,27,209],"Mycobacterium Avium","Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous","Mycobacterium Infections","Respiratory Tract Diseases",[211,212,213],"Nontuberculous mycobacterium","Whole genome sequencing","Mycobacterium avium","2024-05-17",{"date":216,"type":41},"2024-05-21",{"date":218,"type":41},"2024-05-13",{"date":220,"type":21},"2026-09",{"name":222,"class":71},"University Health Network, Toronto"]