[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"normal-physiology\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:normal-physiology":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,26,0,25,[9,47,66,93,106,116,146,169,194,219,244,267,290,315,340,365,387,407,426,448,471,493,519,544,556],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":28,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":41,"leadSponsor":43,"locationsCount":46},"100053321","early-phase-1-developing-transcranial-neuromodulation-protocols-for-learning-and-decision-making-100053321",false,"NCT06561828","Developing Transcranial Neuromodulation Protocols for Learning and Decision-Making","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet the following criteria:\n\n* Aged 18-45 years old. Justification: Many neural processes change with age, and these changes could introduce unwanted variability in the measured signals.\n* In good general health based on the assessment of the MAI.\n* Right-handed.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIndividuals who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation:\n\n* Any neurological disorder that would increase seizure risk from TMS such as stroke, brain lesions, previous neurosurgery, epilepsy, any history of seizure or fainting episode of unknown cause, frequent severe headache, or head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness, lasting over 30 minutes or with sequela lasting longer than one month. The MAI will also retain discretion to exclude based on a history of a neurological illness or trauma that may compromise safety or data integrity.\n* Predisposition to seizures (e.g., first-degree family history of potentially hereditary epilepsy, etc.).\n* Current use (any use in the past two weeks, daily use for more than one week within past 3 months) of any investigational drug or of any medications with psychotropic (e.g., benzodiazepines, etc.), anti or pro-convulsive action. This will be determined at the discretion of the MAI.\n* Unable to undergo MRI or TMS due to certain metallic or magnetic devices or implants in the body, claustrophobia, or other reasons.\n* History of noise-induced hearing loss or tinnitus.\n* Recent history (within past 12 months) of learning disability, major DSM-5 psychiatric disorder including major affective disorder, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, or PTSD. This will be determined at the discretion of the MAI.\n* Pattern of alcohol and drug use in the past 12 months that is indicative of harmful use, loss of control over use, or physical dependence.\n* Daily nicotine, alcohol, or drug use (excluding caffeine) for at least 4 continuous weeks within the past 12 months.\n* Participation in any neuromodulation (e.g., TMS, tFUS, tDCS, tACS, etc.) session (excluding the current protocol) in the past two weeks.\n* For tasks that involve gustatory or olfactory stimuli, food intake: History of anaphylaxis, e.g., due to severe asthma or food and non-food allergies (e.g., latex, detergents, soap, etc.). This will disqualify participants for tasks that involve chemosensory stimuli or food intake, but not from the protocol itself.\n* Uncorrected impairments in visual acuity severe enough to affect task participation.\n* Non-English speaking. Justification: Data integrity of some of the cognitive tasks used in this study would be compromised as they have only been validated in English. Most importantly, ongoing communication regarding safety procedures is necessary when participants are undergoing TMS and MRI procedures. The inability to effectively communicate TMS and MRI safety procedures in a language other than English could compromise the safety of non-English speaking participants.\n* Pregnancy. Justification: It is unknown whether MRI and TMS pose risks to fetuses.\n* Any other condition that in the judgment of the investigators is incompatible with participation.","ALL","18 Years","45 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},600,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"EARLY_PHASE1","Background:\n\nPeople with substance use disorder (SUD) often have changes in brain function that can make it difficult to control drug-seeking behavior. These changes may heighten the urge to use drugs or lessen the desire to seek nondrug-related rewards. Researchers want to know how a technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may cause changes in brain activity that may help people with SUD.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo test TMS in healthy volunteers.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people aged 18 to 45 years who are right-handed.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants can volunteer for up to 5 different experiments. Each experiment requires 2 to 8 clinic visits. Each visit will last 3 to 7 hours.\n\nSome visits will include TMS. A coil will be placed on the participant s head. A brief electrical current will pass through the coil to create a magnetic field. Participants may feel a tapping or pulling sensation on the skin under the coil. They may feel a twitch in their face, neck, arm, or leg muscles. Participants may be asked to tense certain muscles during TMS.\n\nSome visits will include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Participants will lie on a bed that slides into a large tube. They will perform tasks on a computer inside the tube. The fMRI will show which parts of the brain are used during each task.\n\nParticipants will perform tasks on a computer. Some tasks may be done at a desk as well as during TMS and fMRI. Participants may look at images, listen to sounds, smell odors, or taste flavored liquids. Their vital signs may be monitored and their eye movements may be tracked during tasks.",[27],"Normal Physiology",[29,30,31,32,33],"TMS","Decision Making","fMRI","Learning","Behavioral Tasks","RECRUITING","2026-07-10",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-07-13","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":21},"2026-07-16",{"date":42,"type":21},"2044-11-02",{"name":44,"class":45},"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","NIH",1,{"id":48,"slug":49,"hasResults":12,"nctId":50,"briefTitle":51,"officialTitle":51,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":52,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":53,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":55,"briefSummary":56,"conditions":57,"keywords":58,"overallStatus":60,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":61,"startDateStruct":62,"completionDateStruct":63,"leadSponsor":65,"locationsCount":46},"100054100","early-phase-1-causal-mechanisms-of-odor-guided-behavior-in-humans-100054100","NCT07099092","Causal Mechanisms of Odor-Guided Behavior in Humans","* INCLUSION CRITERIA\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet the following criteria:\n\n1. Willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study.\n2. Aged 18-45 years old. Justification: Many neural processes change with age, and these changes could introduce unwanted variability in the measured signals.\n3. In good general health based on the assessment of the Medical Advisory Investigator (MAI).\n4. Agreement to adhere to Lifestyle Considerations throughout study duration. Consent signature will be documentation of meeting this criterion.\n5. Right-handed.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA\n\nIndividuals who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation:\n\n1. Any neurological disorder that would increase seizure risk from TUS such as stroke, brain lesions, previous neurosurgery, epilepsy, any history of seizure or fainting episode of unknown cause, frequent severe headache, or head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness, lasting over 30 minutes or with sequela lasting longer than one month. The MAI will also retain discretion to exclude based on a history of a neurological illness or trauma that may compromise safety or data integrity.\n2. Predisposition to seizures (e.g., first-degree family history of potentially hereditary epilepsy, etc.).\n3. Current use (any use in the past week, daily use for more than one week within past 3 months) of any investigational drug or of any medications with psychotropic (e.g., benzodiazepines, etc.), or anti or pro-convulsive action. This will be determined at the discretion of the MAI.\n4. Unable to undergo MRI, or TUS due to certain metallic or magnetic devices or implants in the body, claustrophobia, or other reasons.\n5. History of noise-induced hearing loss or tinnitus.\n6. Recent history (within past 12 months) of learning disability, major DSM-5 psychiatric disorder including major affective disorder, ADHD, obsessivecompulsive disorder, schizophrenia, or PTSD. This will be determined at the discretion of the MAI.\n7. Pattern of alcohol and drug use in the past 12 months that is indicative of harmful use, loss of control over use, or physical dependence.\n8. Daily nicotine, alcohol, or drug use (excluding caffeine) for at least 4 continuous weeks within the past 12 months.\n9. Participation in any neuromodulation (e.g., TMS, TUS, tDCS, tACS, etc.) session (excluding the current protocol) in the past two weeks.\n10. History of anaphylaxis, e.g., due to severe asthma, and\u002For food and non-food allergies (e.g., latex, detergents, soap, etc.).\n11. History of significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as increased levels of carbon dioxide may increase the susceptibility to cavitation and related tissue damage.\n12. Uncorrected impairments in visual acuity severe enough to affect task participation.\n13. Non-English speaking. Justification: Data integrity of some of the behavioral tasks used in this study would be compromised as they have only been validated in English. Most importantly, ongoing communication regarding safety procedures is necessary when participants are undergoing TUS and MRI procedures. The inability to effectively communicate TUS and MRI safety procedures in a language other than English could compromise the safety of non-English speaking participants.\n14. Serious skin disease or serious skin allergy on the hands or head. Justification: Gel will be applied to the skin on both head and hands, for transducer coupling and electrode placement, respectively. Allergic or adverse reactions to such treatment need to be ruled out.\n15. Hyposmia, i.e., decreased sense of smell, or anosmia, i.e., loss of smell (Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Identification Score \\\u003C 10). Justification: The ability to smell is paramount to task performance.\n16. Pregnancy. Justification: It is unknown whether MRI and pose risks to fetuses.\n17. Any other condition that in the judgment of the investigators is incompatible with participation.",{"count":54,"type":21},80,[24],"Background:\n\nLittle is known about how different regions of the brain responsible for the human sense of smell guide behaviors. In this study, researchers use a technique called transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) to learn how odors affect the brain and behavior.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo learn more about how the human sense of smell works.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people aged 18 to 45 years who are right-handed.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants can volunteer for up to 2 different experiments. Each experiment requires 5 visits, each about 1 week apart. Food, alcohol, and caffeine may be limited before visits.\n\nAt the start of each visit, participants will answer questions about their health and how well they slept. Their sense of smell will be assessed.\n\nSome visits may include tasks on a computer: While doing these tasks, participants may be asked to smell different odors, look at pictures, and listen to sounds. They will wear devices to track breathing, blood pressure, pulse, and other body responses to the tasks.\n\nSome visits may include TUS: TUS uses ultrasound waves to briefly change brain activity. A gel will be applied to the scalp and hair, and a device will be placed against the participant s head. Participants may feel a tapping, pulling, and\u002For warm sensation on the skin underneath the device. They may also feel a twitch in their face, neck, arm, or leg muscles. Participants will do tasks before and after TUS.\n\nSome visits will include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. fMRI uses magnet and radio waves to capture images of the activity inside the brain. Participants will lie on a table that slides into a tube. They will perform tasks inside the scanner.",[27],[33,30,31,59],"TUS","NOT_YET_RECRUITING",{"date":37,"type":38},{"date":40,"type":21},{"date":64,"type":21},"2035-07-14",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":67,"slug":68,"hasResults":12,"nctId":69,"briefTitle":70,"officialTitle":70,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":71,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":73,"enrollmentInfo":74,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":76,"briefSummary":78,"conditions":79,"keywords":80,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":85,"startDateStruct":86,"completionDateStruct":88,"leadSponsor":90,"locationsCount":46},"100054146","impact-of-sex-and-age-on-non-visual-light-input-that-affects-sleep-and-circadian-rhythms-100054146","NCT05829044","Impact of Sex and Age on Non-visual Light Input That Affects Sleep and Circadian Rhythms","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* (i) 18-85 years old.\n* (ii) Habitual sleep onset 10 pm- 1 am (healthy controls only);\n* (iii) Habitual wake onset 5:30 am- 8:30 am (healthy controls only);\n* (iv) vision correctable to 20\u002F30;\n* (v) stable medically.\n* (vi) ability to speak, understand, and read English at a high school level\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* (i) Color blind by Ishihara Color Blindness Test;\n* (ii) any history of eye trauma, surgery or abnormality (e.g., retinopathy, glaucoma, cataracts, amblyopia, macular degeneration, congenital color vision deficiencies, or any type of blindness) besides correctable vision abnormalities (e.g., with glasses); any abnormalities on clinical eye exam (e.g., neuritis, Neuromyelitis optica, treated or untreated glaucoma) such that the ophthalmologist recommends the participant not be studied; Limited cataracts (e.g., Lens Opacities Classification (LOCS) III grade \\\u003C2) will be allowed and documented during the eye exam. Eye drops that affect pupil size or contractility (e.g. mydriatics, miotics); drops to treat glaucoma (e.g., pilocarpine, brimonidine, other drops like artificial tear drops, or anti-inflammatory drops would not be exclusionary)\n* (iii) current or history of neurologic or psychiatric disease including autonomic function disorder or migraines; psychiatric disorder requiring medications in a first degree relative (healthy controls only); limited-duration counseling without prescription medications will not be exclusionary; (iv) current or history of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder (healthy controls only);\n* (v) prescription or non-prescription drugs affecting the pupil (e.g., affecting autonomic function), sleep, melatonin (e.g., lithium, alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists), and\u002For circadian rhythms (e.g., beta blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclics);\n* (vi) Other disorders that can affect or may be affected by intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell (ipRGC) function, including diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, seasonal affective disorder;\n* (vii) shift- or night-work in past three months; history of night work in preceding 3 year period\n* (viii) crossing more than 2 time zones in past three months;\n* (ix) presence of depression as assessed by a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score \\>14.\n* (x) pregnant or less than 6 weeks post-partum or breast-feeding",true,"85 Years",{"count":75,"type":21},48,[77],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how the pupil responds to different light stimuli and how that relates to sleep and daily rhythms in healthy people of different ages.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Does the eye's pupil response to light stimuli differ by the sex and age of the participant?\n* Is the eye's pupil response to light stimuli related to each participant's sleep timing, their body clock timing, and their hormone responses to light.\n\nParticipants will have a special eye exam and complete questionnaires before starting the study to see if they can participate. If they can participate, they will wear a special watch that monitors their activity and light levels for one week. Then they will live in a research room at the Mass General Hospital for 3 days\u002F2 nights during which we will test their pupil response to light, their body clock timing, and their hormone responses to light.",[27],[81,82,83,84],"eye pupil response","circadian rhythms","light","melatonin",{"date":37,"type":38},{"date":87,"type":38},"2023-12-01",{"date":89,"type":21},"2027-06-30",{"name":91,"class":92},"Massachusetts General Hospital","OTHER",{"id":94,"slug":4,"hasResults":12,"nctId":50,"briefTitle":51,"officialTitle":51,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":52,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":95,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":96,"briefSummary":56,"conditions":97,"keywords":98,"overallStatus":60,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":102,"completionDateStruct":104,"leadSponsor":105,"locationsCount":46},"100600561",{"count":54,"type":21},[24],[27],[33,30,31,59],"2026-07-01",{"date":101,"type":38},"2026-07-02",{"date":103,"type":21},"2026-07-07",{"date":64,"type":21},{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":107,"slug":4,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":108,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":109,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":110,"keywords":111,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":112,"startDateStruct":113,"completionDateStruct":114,"leadSponsor":115,"locationsCount":46},"100559261",{"count":20,"type":21},[24],[27],[29,30,31,32,33],{"date":101,"type":38},{"date":103,"type":21},{"date":42,"type":21},{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":117,"slug":118,"hasResults":12,"nctId":119,"briefTitle":120,"officialTitle":120,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":121,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":122,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":124,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":127,"conditions":128,"keywords":133,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":138,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":139,"startDateStruct":140,"completionDateStruct":142,"leadSponsor":144,"locationsCount":46},"100469897","a-natural-history-study-of-metabolic-sizing-in-health-and-disease-100469897","NCT05398783","A Natural History Study of Metabolic Sizing in Health and Disease","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all the following criteria for their cohort:\n\nCohort 1 - Healthy Volunteers\n\n* Male or female, aged \\>=2 years\n* In good general health as evidenced by medical history\n\nCohort 2 - Patients\n\n* Male or female, aged \\>=2 years\n* Diagnosed with diseases thought to alter metabolism or body composition (such as weight loss or gain, diabetes, renal disease, obesity, cancer, etc.) or taking medications thought to alter metabolism or body composition.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n* Participants over 200 kg due to the weight limit of the equipment.\n* Presence of any implanted device that would interfere with measurements.\n* Any moderate to severe limitations in mobility that would impede participation\n* Hemoglobin less than 10 g\u002FdL (in participants who would have blood drawn for research purposes).\n* Participants with dietary allergies, intolerances or eating patterns that would preclude them from consuming metabolic meals.\n* Participants unwilling or unable to give informed consent.\n* Participants with any other significant physical, medical, or psychiatric limitations, illness or conditions that may preclude them from completing the majority of the tests in this study per the discretion of the PI.","2 Years","99 Years",{"count":125,"type":21},2000,"OBSERVATIONAL","Background:\n\nScientists have long used simple measures (such as height and weight) to estimate how much a person s body uses food (calories) as energy, as commonly called the metabolic rate. But metabolism varies among people with similar body sizes. Scientists now believe the old formulas for estimating metabolic rates may not work well for all people. Researchers want to find more accurate ways to measure a person s metabolism.\n\nObjective:\n\nThis natural history study will examine the relationships between metabolism, body composition, and body surface area in a wide range of people.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy children and adults aged 2 years or older. Also, people aged 2 years or older with conditions that may alter metabolism. These may include diabetes, obesity, renal disease, or cancer.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will spend 2 days and 1 night in the hospital. They will provide a medical history and answer questions about their activity levels, the foods they eat, and their lifestyle. They will also eat a special diet.\n\nParticipants will undergo many tests:\n\nThey will lie in a bed with a clear hood covering their head for 30 to 45 minutes to measure the gases in their breath.\n\nThey will lie on a padded table for about 15 minutes while their body is scanned.\n\nThey will stand on a platform while a 3D scanner measures their body.\n\nThey will have a test to measure how fast an electric signal moves through their body.\n\nThey will grip an instrument to measure the strength of their hands.\n\nThey will drink salty water and provide blood and urine samples.\n\nParticipants may be invited to return for these 2-day visits up to 8 times per year. Return visits must be at least 2 weeks apart.",[129,130,131,132,27],"Metabolic Disorders","Cancer","Chronic Kidney Disease","Diabetes",[134,135,136,137],"Body Composition","Metabolism","Body Surface Area","Natural History","2026-06-30",{"date":99,"type":38},{"date":141,"type":38},"2022-10-25",{"date":143,"type":21},"2031-07-01",{"name":145,"class":45},"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)",{"id":147,"slug":148,"hasResults":12,"nctId":149,"briefTitle":150,"officialTitle":151,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":152,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":153,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":155,"briefSummary":156,"conditions":157,"keywords":158,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":160,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":161,"startDateStruct":163,"completionDateStruct":165,"leadSponsor":167,"locationsCount":46},"100250204","development-of-neuroimaging-methods-to-assess-the-neurobiology-of-addiction-100250204","NCT02535702","Development Of Neuroimaging Methods To Assess The Neurobiology Of Addiction","Development of Neuroimaging Methods to Assess the Neurobiology of Addiction","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n  1. Eighteen years or older.\n  2. Ability to provide written informed consent as determined by physical examination and verbal communication. Capacity to consent will be determined by those obtaining the informed consent.\n  3. Willingness to abstain from drug use on scheduled testing days.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA\n\n1. Positive urine pregnancy test in females.\n2. Presence of ferromagnetic objects in the body that are contraindicated for MRI of the head (including but not limited to pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices, brain stimulators, some types of dental implants, aneurysm clips, metallic prostheses, permanent eyeliner, implanted delivery pump, or shrapnel fragments) or fear of enclosed spaces as determined by the self-report checklist.\n3. Claustrophobia.\n4. Body weight \\>550 lbs, which is the weight limit of the MR scanner.\n5. Current DSM-5 diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder (other than nicotine\u002Fcaffeine use disorders) as determined by history and clinical exam including substance use disorder, alcoholism and alcohol dependence. Past history of a mental disorder as defined by DSM-IV or DSM-5 will be excluded only if it was severe enough as to require hospitalization (any length), or chronic medication management (more than 4 weeks), or that could impact brain function at the time of the study. Subjects receiving psychotherapy may be included in the study.\n6. Those with a binge drinking history every month continuously for the last 10 years will also be excluded. Binge drinkers are those who being female consume 4 or more drinks and males consume 5 or more drinks in one occasion at least once a month.\n7. Serious neurological disorder such as MS, Parkinson s Disease, ALS, sensory loss or peripheral neuropathy.\n8. Currently taking any psychoactive drugs such as Celexa (TM), Prozac (TM), Wellbutrin (TM), Zoloft (TM), and\u002For stimulants other than caffeine such as Adderall (TM), Dexedrine (TM) and Ritalin (TM). Subjects taking PRN medications (e.g., sleep medications) may be included in the study.\n9. Clinically significant laboratory or examination results.\n10. Study investigators and staff, as well as their superiors, subordinates and immediate family members (adult children, spouses, parents, siblings).\n11. \\*Non-English speakers (must also be able to read and comprehend English).\n\n    * The intent of the research has no prospect of direct benefit to the subject. Therefore, we are excluding non-English speakers in this research study since our fMRI paradigms (particularly the Delay Discounting task) require that the subject be able to speak, read and comprehend English.\n\nSubjects will not be excluded from enrollment onto this study if their urine test or breath alcohol level (BAL) is positive for drugs\u002Falcohol on initial screening. However, if they test positive on scheduled study procedure days involving MRI, the procedures will be postponed and rescheduled. We will allow for up to 3 rescheduled study days that were the result of positive urine drug or BAL screens. If the drug\u002FBAL tests is\u002Fare positive on the third rescheduled visit, the participant will be withdrawn from the study.",{"count":154,"type":21},192,[77],"Background:\n\nAbusing alcohol, drugs, and other substances can cause serious health problems. These substances also can affect brain function. Researchers want to learn more about brain function by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This uses a magnetic field and radio waves to take pictures of the brain.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo develop new ways to use MRI to study the brain.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people 18 years of age or older.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will be screened with a medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests.\n\nThey will answer questions about their drug use and psychiatric history. They will be asked about family history of alcoholism or drug abuse.\n\nParticipants will answer questions to see if they can participate in MRI.\n\nParticipants will have MRI scans. The scanner is a metal cylinder in a strong magnetic field. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the cylinder. A device called a coil may be placed over the head.\n\nEach sub-study will include up to 3 different MRI visits. Participants can be in multiple sub-studies. But they can have only 1 MRI per week and 20 per year.\n\nDuring MRI visits, participants may have urine collected. They may get another MRI questionnaire.\n\nParticipants may have a clinical MRI brain scan. This may show physical problems in the brain.\n\nDuring some scans, participants may perform simple movement, memory, and thinking tasks.\n\nParticipants may be connected to a machine to monitor brain activity during the scan. Small metal electrodes will be placed on the scalp. A gel will be placed in the space between the electrodes and the scalp.",[27],[31,159],"EEG","2026-06-23",{"date":162,"type":38},"2026-06-24",{"date":164,"type":38},"2016-06-28",{"date":166,"type":21},"2026-12-31",{"name":168,"class":45},"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)",{"id":170,"slug":171,"hasResults":12,"nctId":172,"briefTitle":173,"officialTitle":173,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":174,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":175,"enrollmentInfo":176,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":178,"briefSummary":179,"conditions":180,"keywords":183,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":187,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":188,"startDateStruct":189,"completionDateStruct":191,"leadSponsor":193,"locationsCount":46},"100480663","defining-neurobiological-links-between-substance-use-and-mental-illness-100480663","NCT05538910","Defining Neurobiological Links Between Substance Use and Mental Illness","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nTo be eligible for this study, an individual must meet all the following criteria assessed under the currently approved NIDA IRP screening protocol for the evaluation of potential research subjects (here referred to as the NIDA screening protocol). This is a protocol led by the Office of the Clinical Director (OCD) at the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) to assess potential research participants eligibility for entering clinical protocols at the NIDA\u002FIRP. Additional details can be found in the NIDA screening protocol documents. As routinely done at the NIDA IRP, the screening procedures and data collected under the NIDA\n\nscreening protocol will capture information above and beyond what is necessary to determine eligibility for this protocol but allows the Investigators to assess the eligibility criteria for this protocol.\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:\n\nAll Participants:\n\n1. Able and willing to provide written informed consent.\n2. Both sexes and all ethnic origins, age between 18 and 60 at the time of consent. Justification: Many neural processes change with age, and these changes could introduce unwanted variability in both behavioral and MRI signals.\n3. Be generally healthy\n4. Absence of pregnancy and breastfeeding. Justification: study procedures and drugs used in the current protocol may complicate pregnancy or be transferred to nursing children. Assessment tool(s): Urine and\u002For serum pregnancy tests, and clinical interview. Urine pregnancy tests will also be conducted at the beginning of each imaging visit.\n5. Have a Breath Alcohol Value of 0 on all study visit days involving scanning. Participant may be rescheduled if this value is greater than 0.\n\nMDD Subjects:\n\n1. Meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for current MDD at screening Clinical judgement will be used to interpret criteria.\n2. Have a baseline (Hamilton Depression) HAM-D score indicative of current depression as evaluated by clinical staff.\n3. Current stable serotonin modulating drug (e.g. SSRI\u002FSNRI\u002Fserotonin modulator) treatment is allowed (no changes in the last 2 months). Specific medications will be evaluated by the MAI\n\nRemitted MDD Subjects:\n\n1. Meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for remitted MDD (full remission or partial remission or past depression) Clinical judgement will be used to interpret criteria.\n2. HAM-D score indicating no clinically relevant depression as evaluated by clinical staff.\n3. Current stable serotonin modulating drug (e.g. SSRI\u002FSNRI\u002Fserotonin modulator) treatment is allowed (no changes in the last 2 months). Specific medications will be evaluated by the MAI.\n\nControl Subjects (without MDD):\n\n1. In addition to the absence of medical, neurological, and psychiatric illness listed above, control participants must not have current\u002Flifetime MDD. Clinical judgement will be used to interpret criteria.\n2. HAM-D score indicating no clinically-relevant depression as evaluated by clinical staff.\n\nDaily Nicotine Users (Study Arm 2):\n\n1. Uses nicotine daily for at least six months\n2. Positive urine screen for cotinine\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA (STUDY ARM 1):\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n1. Subjects with suicidal ideation where outpatient treatment is determined unsafe.\n2. Lifetime history or current diagnosis of any of the following psychiatric illnesses: organic mental disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, psychotic disorders not otherwise specified, bipolar disorder, patients with mood congruent or mood incongruent psychotic features. The MAI and\u002For PI\u002FLI will reserve the right to exclude based psychiatric history not explicitly described in this criterion\n\n   a. Within the control group, Current\u002Flifetime MDD will be exclusionary for controls. Those currently using antidepressants to treat anxiety disorders typically co-morbid with MDD such as general anxiety disorder and panic disorder will be excluded. The MAI will reserve the right to exclude on the basis of psychiatric history not explicitly described in this criterion.\n3. Are cognitively impaired or have a learning disability severe enough to have required intervention throughout most or all of K-12 education. The MAI will reserve the right to evaluate if a participant s history of educational placement is likely to represent a learning disability that could significantly impact the data gathered in this study based on the severity and type of learning disability. Justification: Cognitive impairment and learning disabilities may be associated with altered brain functioning in regions recruited during laboratory task performance.\n4. Heavy caffeine users (consume greater than 500 mg on a regular or daily basis. This is approximately five 8 fl oz cups of coffee). Participants will be asked to not deviate from their typical caffeine use on all scanning days.\n5. May not have regularly used any nicotine product in the past year; must never have been daily nicotine users for more than 1 month.\n6. Must have an expired carbon monoxide level of less than or equal to 5 ppm and cotinine levels consistent with a non-smoker. Depending on the commercially available test used, a level equivalent to a non-smoker status will be used, ideally indicative of a urine cotinine level of around 10 ng\u002Fml. However, given the known limitations of rapid tests to return specific quantifications of cotinine levels, if the present test is unable to quantify cotinine at this level, the lowest level of detection will be used as a cut off and MAI \u002F PI discretion may be used to determine whether this cut off coupled with participant history and environmental factors indicates personal nicotine use versus secondhand smoke environment.\n7. History of moderate or severe substance use disorder in the past 6 months (other than caffeine)\n8. Current pharmacological treatment for opioid use disorder (i.e., use of methadone)\n9. Current use of illegal drugs other than marijuana as measured by urine drug screen Marijuana will not be allowed in the 24 hours prior to scanning based on self-report. Study day can be rescheduled to accommodate.\n10. Participants may not use anticholinergic drugs (i.e., scopolamine), dopamine enhancing drugs (i.e. methylphenidate), or other medications that may impact MRI measures (i.e. benzodiazepines) prior to any scanning visit within a timeframe that is likely to directly\n\n    impact the study questions. MAI discretion regarding timeframe of allowed use will be based on half-life, pharmacology of the drug in question, and pattern of use by the participant. Scanning visit timing can be adjusted to accommodate.\n11. May not use drugs that directly enhance dopamine (i.e., methylphenidate) in the week prior to any scanning visit. Scanning visit timing can be adjusted to accommodate.\n12. Any past or present significant cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or respiratory conditions, including arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic heart disease, or, uncontrolled hypertension\n13. Body mass index (BMI) lower than 18.5 kg\u002Fm\\^2\n14. Contraindications to MRI as determined by MRI Safety Screening form and mock scanner trial (when available).\n15. Abnormal structural MRI, significant head trauma, current neurological illness including but not limited to frequent migraines, multiple sclerosis, movement disorder\n16. Lifetime history of significant seizure disorder\n17. Any other serious or unstable medical illness as defined by self-report, the evaluation of vital signs or other observation that in the view of the investigators would compromise the safety of an individual during participation\n\n    All data collected will be evaluated by members of the study team to decide if there is an existing medical illness that would compromise participation in this research\n18. Subjects that cannot speak English. Justification: To include non-English speakers, we would have to translate the consent and other study documents and hire and train bilingual staff, which would require resources that we do not have and could not justify, given the small sample size for each experiment. Additionally, the data integrity of some of the cognitive tasks and standardized questionnaires used in this study would be compromised as they have only been validated in English. Most importantly, ongoing communication regarding safety procedures is necessary when participants are undergoing MRI procedures. The inability to effectively communicate MRI safety procedures in a language other than English could compromise the safety of non-English speaking participants\n\nExclusion Criteria (Study Arm 2)\n\n1. Subjects with active suicidal ideation where outpatient treatment is determined unsafe.\n2. Current psychiatric symptoms in which the ability to adhere to study protocol is determined to be impaired by clinical staff\u002FMAI (e.g., difficulty understanding or answering questions, difficulty remaining still in the fMRI scanner)\n3. Are cognitively impaired or have a learning disability severe enough to have required intervention throughout most or all of K-12 education. The MAI will reserve the right to evaluate if a participant s history of educational placement is likely to represent a learning disability that could significantly impact the data gathered in this study based on the severity and type of learning disability.\n\n   Justification: Cognitive impairment and learning disabilities may be associated with altered brain functioning in regions recruited\n\n   during laboratory task performance.\n4. Heavy caffeine users (consume greater than 500 mg on a regular or daily basis. This is approximately five 8 fl oz cups of coffee). Participants will be asked to not deviate from their typical caffeine use on all scanning days.\n5. Active severe substance use disorder in the past 6 months (other than caffeine and nicotine)\n6. Contraindications to MRI as determined by MRI Safety Screening form and mock scanner trial (when available).\n7. Abnormal structural MRI, significant head trauma, current neurological illness likely to impact fMRI signal or ability to comply with study requirements (e.g., staying still in scanner)\n8. Any serious or unstable medical illness as defined by self-report, the evaluation of vital signs or other observation that in the view of the investigators, would compromise the safety of an individual during participation. All data collected will be evaluated by members of the study team to decide if there is an existing medical illness that would compromise participation in this research\n9. Subjects that cannot speak English. Justification: To include non-English speakers, we would have to translate the consent and other study documents and hire and train bilingual staff, which would require resources that we do not have and could not justify, given the small sample size for each experiment. Additionally, the data integrity of some of the cognitive tasks and standardized questionnaires used in this study would be compromised as they have only been validated in English. Most importantly, ongoing communication regarding safety procedures is necessary when participants are undergoing MRI procedures. The inability to effectively communicate MRI safety procedures in a language other than English could compromise the safety of non-English speaking participants","60 Years",{"count":177,"type":21},620,[77],"Background:\n\nNicotine dependence leads to about 480,000 deaths every year in the United States. People with major depressive disorder (MDD) are twice as likely to use nicotine compared to the general population. They have greater withdrawal symptoms and are more likely to relapse after quitting compared with smokers without MDD. More research is needed on how nicotine affects brain function in those with MDD.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo understand how nicotine affects symptoms of depression and related brain function.\n\nEligibility:\n\nPeople aged 18 to 60 years, at the time of consent, with and without MDD who do not smoke cigarettes or use other nicotine products.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will have 2 or 3 study visits over 1 year.\n\nParticipants will have 2 MRI scans no less than 4 days apart. Each scan visit will last 5 to 7 hours. At each scan, they will have urine and breath tests to screen for recent use of alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs.\n\nBefore each scan, they will take 1 of 2 medications: nicotine or placebo. Participants will receive each medication once. They will not know which medication they are receiving at each scan.\n\nFor each MRI scan, they will lie on a table that slides into a cylinder. Sometimes they will be asked to lie still. Sometimes they will complete tasks on a computer. Tasks may include identifying colors or playing games to win money. Each scan will take about 2 hours.\n\nParticipants will answer questions about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors before and after each scan.\n\nThey will have a blood test after each scan.",[181,182,27],"Major Depressive Disorder","Substance Use Disorder",[31,184,185,186],"Reward Function","Affective Processing","Interoceptive Awareness","2026-06-19",{"date":160,"type":38},{"date":190,"type":38},"2023-02-02",{"date":192,"type":21},"2027-12-31",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":195,"slug":196,"hasResults":12,"nctId":197,"briefTitle":198,"officialTitle":198,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":199,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":175,"enrollmentInfo":200,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":202,"briefSummary":203,"conditions":204,"keywords":207,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":187,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":212,"startDateStruct":213,"completionDateStruct":215,"leadSponsor":217,"locationsCount":46},"100305620","sociocultural--biobehavioral-influences-on-pain-expression-and-assessment-100305620","NCT03258580","Sociocultural & Biobehavioral Influences on Pain Expression and Assessment","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAll Sub-Studies:\n\n* Healthy\n* Between 18 and 60 years old\n* Fluent in English\n* Able to provide written informed consent\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAll Sub-Studies:\n\n* Unable to comply with study procedures\n* Has a major-medical condition or medical history that in a clinician's assessment could affect ability to comply with study procedures, including neurological conditions (including stroke, blindness or deafness, or a history of brain damage)\n* Has a current mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or substance use disorder, or has a history of psychosis, hospitalization for a mental health condition, or recurrent psychiatric episodes.\n* NIH staff member who is a subordinate\u002Frelative\u002Fco-worker of any investigator on the protocol\n* Prior completion of a different sub-study within this protocol.\n* Is born outside of the states or territories of the United States of America\n* Does not currently reside in a state or territory of the United States of America\n\nSub-study 1:\n\n* Has a major-medical condition or medical history that in a clinician's assessment could affect heat sensitivity or pain thresholds. This may include cardiovascular, autonomic, or neurological conditions or a chronic systemic disease (e.g., diabetes)\n* Has a medical condition that in a clinician's assessment might affect somatosensation (e.g., Raynaud's disease, peripheral neuropathy, or circulatory disorder)\n* Has a current chronic pain condition or has had chronic pain in the past (painful condition lasting more than six months)\n* Has a dermatological condition affecting the testing region, such as scars, burns, or recent tattoos that might influence cutaneous sensibility\n* Regular use of prescription medication that has a significant effect on pain or heat perception. Excluded medications include central-acting agents such as opiates (morphine, tramadol), antidepressants (amitriptyline, duloxetine, milnacipran), anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin), anxiolytics (barbituates, benzodiazepines), hypnotics (zolpidem, sodium oxybate), antipsychotics (valproate, lithium, olanzapine), antimigraine agents (sumatriptan, ergotamine), and muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol). Use of analgesic medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, salicylates, and acetaminophen, taken on an \"as needed\" basis is acceptable as long as the last dose was not taken was within 5 half-lives of testing.\n* Is left handed\n\nSub-study 4, FMRI participants:\n\n* Has a current chronic pain condition or has had chronic pain in the past (painful condition lasting more than six months)\n* Is left-handed\n* Any FMRI contraindications, including:\n\n  * Ferromagnetic metal in the cranial cavity or eye, e.g. aneurysm clip, implanted neural stimulator, cochlear implant, ocular foreign body.\n  * Implanted cardiac pacemaker or auto-defibrillator.\n  * Insulin pump.\n  * Irremovable body piercing.\n* Pregnant women (based on urine test completed within 24 hours prior to scan).\n* Those with an abnormality on a structural MRI that has functional consequences based on clinician assessment.",{"count":201,"type":21},700,[77],"Objective\n\nThe current proposal investigates behavioral, psychophysiological, and social processes that may help explain biases and disparate outcomes in pain. Health disparities, or health outcomes that adversely affect disadvantaged populations, are pervasive and apparent in many diseases and symptoms, including pain. Pain is the number one reason individuals seek medical treatment. Health disparities in pain encompass both differences in pain experience and treatment for pain. For instance, research indicates that Black individuals report increased pain and have reduced pain tolerance relative to White individuals, yet doctors are less likely to treat minority patients pain and underestimate their pain experience. This project aims to address this systemic discrepancy by focusing on interpersonal processes that may contribute to these disparities, including socially-relevant responses to pain (i.e. pain expression) and pain assessment (e.g. visual attention). The proposed research aims to determine whether the study of pain expressions and their assessment can yield insights on how social factors shape pain and its treatment. Further, we test the efficacy of potential interventions designed to improve accuracy and reduce biases in pain assessment. If successful, this work will form the foundation of a new research program that will link the field of pain research with the field of social neuroscience, and forge new insights on the critical problem of health disparities in pain.\n\nStudy population\n\nWe will accrue up to 700 total healthy volunteers to target 240 completers\n\nDesign\n\nOur overall aim is to understand how social factors influence the assessment and management of pain, and to gain insight into psychosocial processes that may underlie health disparities in pain. We propose a series of studies designed to test these links. First, we will measure pain perception and physiological responses to painful stimuli in a diverse group of individuals to test for sociocultural and biological influences on pain and pain-related responses. In subsequent studies, new participants (\"perceivers\") will view images of these initial participants (\"targets\") and will provide estimates of 'targets' pain experience. We will measure a) whether perceivers can accurately estimate 'targets' pain experience; b) whether accuracy differs as a function of similarity between target and perceiver (ingroup vs outgroup); and c) whether individuals can improve accuracy through feedback.\n\nOutcome measures\n\nPrimary outcome measures for all experiments will be decisions about pain (experienced by self or other) measured with visual analogue scales, reaction time, and\u002For categorical judgments (pain\u002Fno pain). We will also measure physiological responses (e.g., facial muscle response, skin conductance, pupil dilation) and brain responses using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as secondary outcome measures. We will test whether pain and pain-related responses varies as a function of sociocultural\u002Fdemographic factors (e.g. race, ethnicity, sex) and whether accuracy in assessing others' pain is influenced by group similarity (i.e. ingroup vs. outgroup) and training (e.g. performance-related feedback)....",[27,205,206],"Healthy Volunteers","Pain",[206,208,209,210,211],"Visual Analogue Pain Scale","Healthy Volunteer","EYE TRACKING","Eye Movement",{"date":160,"type":38},{"date":214,"type":38},"2018-05-09",{"date":216,"type":21},"2027-05-30",{"name":218,"class":45},"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)",{"id":220,"slug":221,"hasResults":12,"nctId":222,"briefTitle":223,"officialTitle":224,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":225,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":226,"enrollmentInfo":227,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":229,"conditions":230,"keywords":231,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":235,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":236,"startDateStruct":238,"completionDateStruct":240,"leadSponsor":242,"locationsCount":46},"100257353","functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-sleep-study-with-auditory-stimuli-100257353","NCT02629107","Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sleep Study With Auditory Stimuli","An All-Night Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sleep Study With Auditory Stimuli","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n  1. able to give informed consent;\n  2. in good general heath;\n  3. between the ages of 18 and 34 years;\n  4. able to sleep on your back for several hours (with breaks).\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n1. have a medical condition like diabetes or uncontrolled hypertension;\n2. have a psychiatric or neurologic condition like depression or stroke;\n3. have ever had a seizure;\n4. have a sleep disorder like insomnia or sleep apnea;\n5. work night shifts;\n6. have metal in your body such as pacemakers, metal prostheses, or aneurysm clips that would make MRI scanning unsafe;\n7. are pregnant or nursing;\n8. drink too much caffeine (6 or more cups of coffee per day or 10 or more cups of caffeinated soda per day);\n9. use too much alcohol (15 or more alcoholic beverages per week for men and 8 or more alcoholic beverages per week for women);\n10. use too much nicotine (nicotine use within 30 minutes of waking);\n11. are afraid of enclosed spaces;\n12. have known hearing problems;\n13. regularly use a prescription or over-the-counter drug to help you sleep or stay awake;\n14. are an employee, contractor, or volunteer of the Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.","34 Years",{"count":228,"type":21},2378,"Background:\n\nAn electroencephalogram (EEG) measures the brain s electrical activity. EEG shows that the louder the sound needed to wake a person, the deeper the person s sleep. Researchers are using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study people during sleep so they can view brain activity in 3D. But they still need to correlate fMRI with sound thresholds, like the EEG.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo measure brain activity during sleep using fMRI and EEG.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people ages 18 34 who can sleep on their back for several hours.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will be screened online about their sleep and general health.\n\nAt a screening visit, participants will have:\n\nPhysical exam\n\nHearing exam\n\nMRI scan. A strong magnetic field and radio waves take pictures of the brain. Participants will lie down on a bed that slides into the scanner, which is shaped like a cylinder.\n\nParticipants will wear an actigraph on their wrist that records their motor activity.\n\nParticipants will follow a 2-week routine. This includes regular in-to-bed and out-of-bed times and limits on alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine.\n\nDuring the overnight visits, participants will have:\n\nFemale subjects will have a urine pregnancy test.\n\nfMRI. A coil will be placed over the head. Participants will do tasks shown on a computer screen inside the scanner.\n\nEEG. Small electrodes on the scalp will record brain waves while sleeping or doing a task in the scanner.\n\nParticipants will be asked to try to sleep while researchers collect fMRI and EEG data. Participants eyes will be monitored with a video camera. Headphones will deliver sounds to wake them up throughout the night.\n\n...",[27],[232,233,234,137],"Sleep","Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)","Electroencephalogram (EEG)","2026-06-16",{"date":237,"type":38},"2026-06-17",{"date":239,"type":38},"2016-01-14",{"date":241,"type":21},"2045-12-31",{"name":243,"class":45},"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)",{"id":245,"slug":246,"hasResults":12,"nctId":247,"briefTitle":248,"officialTitle":248,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":249,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":250,"enrollmentInfo":251,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":252,"conditions":253,"keywords":254,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":258,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":259,"startDateStruct":261,"completionDateStruct":263,"leadSponsor":265,"locationsCount":46},"100490485","niehs-repository-of-stored-biological-samples-for-future-use-100490485","NCT05666739","NIEHS Repository of Stored Biological Samples for Future Use","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nInclusion Criteria for prospective biospecimen collection:\n\nTo be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all the following criteria:\n\n1. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study.\n2. Ability to provide informed consent.\n3. Male or female, aged \\>=18\n4. Able to travel to the NIEHS CRU for study visits\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nExclusion Criteria for prospective biospecimen collection:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n1. Not willing to have samples stored for future use.\n2. Any condition that, in the investigator s opinion, places the participant at undue risk for complications associated with required study procedures.","100 Years",{"count":125,"type":21},"Background:\n\nLaboratory tests that use blood and urine can provide a great deal of information about human health and disease. To develop even better tests and to improve the ways samples are handled for testing researchers need to experiment with samples from healthy people.\n\nObjective:\n\nThis natural history study will collect blood and urine from healthy people. The samples will build a repository that will be used for all kinds of research.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people aged 18 years or older.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will have 1 study visit. The visit will last up to 2 hours.\n\nParticipants will be screened. They will answer questions about their health history. They will list any medications they take. They will consent to donate samples for research and future use:\n\nBlood: Up to 4.5 tablespoons of blood may be collected from a needle inserted into a vein.\n\nUrine: Participants will be given a sterile container to provide a sample.\n\nSome participants may be asked to provide other types of samples.\n\nSome participants may be asked to provide new samples if their first ones are depleted.",[27],[255,256,257,137],"Blood","Urine","Assay Development","2026-06-10",{"date":260,"type":38},"2026-06-11",{"date":262,"type":38},"2024-07-15",{"date":264,"type":21},"2032-07-19",{"name":266,"class":45},"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)",{"id":268,"slug":269,"hasResults":12,"nctId":270,"briefTitle":271,"officialTitle":271,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":272,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":175,"enrollmentInfo":273,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":275,"briefSummary":276,"conditions":277,"keywords":279,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":258,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":284,"startDateStruct":285,"completionDateStruct":287,"leadSponsor":289,"locationsCount":46},"100481154","the-effects-of-increasing-caloric-intake-on-diet-induced-thermogenesis-and-24h-energy-expenditure-100481154","NCT05545306","The Effects of Increasing Caloric Intake on Diet-Induced Thermogenesis and 24h Energy Expenditure","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:\n\n* Male or female, aged 18-60 years old\n* No episodes of intentional weight loss over previous 6 months\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n* Current use of tobacco products that exceed \"Very Low Dependence\" on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Tool (score greater than 2)\n* Diabetes\n\n  i. Fasting glucose \\>= 126 mg\u002Fdl or hba1c \\>= 6.5% or\n\nii. history of type 1 or type 2 diabetes\n\n-Endocrine disorders, such as\n\ni. History of Cushing s disease, pituitary disorders, or hypo- and hyperthyroidism\n\nii. TSH \\\u003C0.1 or \\>= 10 uIU\u002FmL\n\n* Pulmonary disorders\n\n  i. History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other lung disease that which would limit ability to follow the protocol (investigator judgment)\n* Cardiovascular diseases,\n\n  i. Including history of coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and peripheral artery disease\n* Hypertension,\n\n  i. History of diagnosis and current treatment by an outside clinician\n\nii. or sitting blood pressure measurement, using an appropriate cuff, higher than\n\n140\u002F90 mmHg\n\n-Liver disease,\n\ni. including history of cirrhosis, active hepatitis B or C\n\nii. AST or ALT \\>=3 times upper limit of normal on screening labs\n\n* Renal disease\n\n  i. Serum creatinine \\>= 1.5 mg\u002Fdls\n* Abnormal kidney function (eGFR \\\u003C60 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73m\\^2)\n* Central nervous system disease:\n\n  i. including history of previous history of cerebrovascular accidents, dementia, and neurodegenerative disorders\n* Cancer:\n\n  i. History requiring treatment in the past five years, except for non-melanoma skin cancers or cancers that have clearly been cured or in the opinion of the investigator carry an excellent prognosis (e.g., Stage 1 cervical cancer).\n* Infectious disease:\n\n  i. History of active tuberculosis, HIV chronic coccidiomycosis or other chronic infections\n* Conditions not specifically mentioned above may serve as criteria for exclusion at the discretion of the investigators\n* Evidence of alcohol abuse as defined by \\> =8-point score on the Alcohol consumption screening AUDIT questionnaire in adults\n* Current use of illegal drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, or heroin; use of marijuana is permitted.\n* For Females:\n\n  * i. Pregnancy or lactation by history and urine pregnancy test\n  * ii. Peri- or post-menopause by self-report or irregular menstrual cycle.\n* Measured weight: greater than or equal to 450 lb. (maximum weight allowed on the DXA scanning tables by the manufacturer).\n* Inability to speak or read English by self-report.\n* Inability to provide informed consent\n* History of psychological conditions including (but not limited to) claustrophobia, clinical depression, bipolar disorders, or forms of mental incapacity that would be incompatible with safe and successful participation in this study\n* Current use of medications\u002Fdietary supplements\u002Falternative therapies known to alter energy metabolism\n* Inability to consume provided diets due to dietary concerns that will not allow them to consume \\>=95% of provided calories.",{"count":274,"type":21},120,[77],"Background:\n\nDiet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is the amount of energy one's body uses to eat food, absorb the nutrients from the food, and process those nutrients. Researchers would like to understand more about how changing the balances of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and total calories in the diet can affect DIT.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo learn how different diets can change a person's DIT.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people aged 18 to 60 years who have not intentionally lost weight in the past 6 months.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will stay in a clinic for about 35 days. They will eat only the food provided. They will receive 8 different diets during the study, including 7 test diets.\n\nParticipants will undergo multiple tests.\n\nThey will be screened with blood and urine tests and a test of their heart function.\n\nDuring the first few days:\n\nTheir waist, thigh, and neck circumference will be measured.\n\nThey will have a DXA scan: They will lie on a padded table for about 20 minutes while an instrument measures the amount of fat in their body.\n\nThey will be tested for diabetes.\n\nThey will answer questionnaires about topics including eating behavior, hunger, and stress.\n\nThroughout the study:\n\nTheir weight will be measured daily.\n\nBlood tests will be repeated.\n\nThey will stay in a metabolic chamber a total of 9 times. They will remain in a closed room for 24 hours while researchers monitor the room temperature and levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Participants will collect all their urine for each 24-hour period.\n\n...",[278,27,205],"Obesity",[280,281,282,283,137],"Weight Gain","Energy Expenditure","Low Protein Overfeeding","Fasting",{"date":260,"type":38},{"date":286,"type":38},"2023-06-06",{"date":288,"type":21},"2027-02-02",{"name":145,"class":45},{"id":291,"slug":292,"hasResults":12,"nctId":293,"briefTitle":294,"officialTitle":294,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":295,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":296,"minAge":297,"maxAge":298,"enrollmentInfo":299,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":301,"conditions":302,"keywords":304,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":307,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":308,"startDateStruct":310,"completionDateStruct":312,"leadSponsor":314,"locationsCount":46},"100253877","investigating-the-impact-of-obesity-on-pubertal-development-in-girls-100253877","NCT02583646","Investigating the Impact of Obesity on Pubertal Development in Girls","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n* Girls without a chronic medical condition\n* Normal weight (BMI 5th-85th%) or overweight\u002Fobese (BMI \\> 85th%)\n* 8-14 years old\n* Some breast development\n* Pre-menarchal\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n* Treated with medications that may affect reproductive hormones (e.g. birth control pills).\n* Pregnancy\n\nDuring the study, the PI s discretion may be used to determine final eligibility. The PI s discretion may be used at any point in the study (pre-screening, clinical\u002Flab assessments, etc.) to ensure participants are not subjected to unnecessary procedures or visits.","FEMALE","8 Years","14 Years",{"count":300,"type":21},150,"Background:\n\nStudies suggest that overweight girls may be developing breast tissue, and therefore starting puberty, earlier than normal weight girls. However, it is hard to distinguish breast tissue from fatty tissue. Researchers think that by using breast ultrasound, among other tests, they can do a better job of telling whether an overweight girl has breast tissue. This will help them understand if overweight girls are truly entering puberty before normal weight girls.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo find out if overweight girls go through puberty earlier than normal weight girls.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy girls 8-14 years old who:\n\n* Are normal weight or overweight\n* Have some breast development\n* Have not started their first period\n\nDesign:\n\nParents of participants will be screened over the phone.\n\nMost participants will have 1 visit. However, they can choose to have multiple visits within 4 weeks. The visit will include:\n\n* Physical exam that includes examination of the breasts and genital area\n* Breast ultrasound: A small hand-held device will be passed back and forth over the chest. It uses sound waves to create a picture of the breast tissue.\n* Pelvic ultrasound: A small, handheld device will be passed back and forth over the lower belly. It uses sound waves to create a picture of the ovaries.\n* Urine and blood test\n* A special x-ray called a DXA to measure the amount of fat in the body: The participant will lie still on a table while the x-ray takes pictures of the body.\n\nX-ray of the hand: The picture will tell researchers how mature the participant s bones are.\n\nParticipants may be asked to come back 6 months later to repeat these tests.",[278,303,27],"Puberty",[278,303,305,306,137],"Ultrasound","Pediatric","2026-06-05",{"date":309,"type":38},"2026-06-08",{"date":311,"type":38},"2015-12-15",{"date":313,"type":21},"2026-09-30",{"name":266,"class":45},{"id":316,"slug":317,"hasResults":12,"nctId":318,"briefTitle":319,"officialTitle":319,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":320,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":321,"maxAge":322,"enrollmentInfo":323,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":325,"conditions":326,"keywords":327,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":332,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":333,"startDateStruct":334,"completionDateStruct":336,"leadSponsor":337,"locationsCount":339},"100317011","perception-sensation-cognition-and-action-in-humans-100317011","NCT03407066","Perception, Sensation, Cognition and Action in Humans","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nInclusion Criteria for In-lab Participants\n\nA subject can be included in the in-lab portion of the study if he\u002Fshe:\n\n* is in good general health;\n* is between 18 and 65 years old;\n* has visual acuity of 20\u002F40 in at least one eye (corrected with contact lenses is okay);\n* has no hearing impairment requiring a hearing aid.\n* is capable of understanding the procedures and requirements of this study;\n* is willing and able to provide his\u002Fher own informed consent.\n\nInclusion Criteria for On-line Participants\n\nA subject can be included in the on-line portion of the study if he\u002Fshe:\n\n* is in good general health;\n* is between 18 and 65 years old;\n* is capable of understanding the procedures and requirements of this study;\n* is willing and able to provide his\u002Fher own informed consent.\n\nInclusion Criteria for Genetic Screening\u002FOff-site Participants\n\nA subject can be included in the off-site portion of the study if he\u002Fshe:\n\n* is between 13 and 65 years old;\n* is in general good health;\n* is capable of understanding the procedures and requirements of this study;\n* is willing and able to provide his\u002Fher own informed consent.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nExclusion Criteria for In-lab Participants\n\nA participant is not eligible for participation in the in-lab portion of this study if any of the following exclusion criteria are present, as self-reported by the prospective participant or determined during clinical testing following consent:\n\n* Participant is pregnant\n* Participant has serious vision or hearing problems; for some sub-studies focused on mechanisms of normal color vision, subjects who are colorblind will also be excluded;\n* Participants without consent capacity will not be enrolled;\n* Participant has a debilitating neurological disorder (examples include, but are not limited to: brain tumor, epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis) or a psychiatric disorder (examples include, but are not limited to: schizophrenia, clinical anxiety, severe depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia). Patients with non-debilitating conditions such as prosopagnosia, prosopometamorphosia (PMO), or aphantasia will have their conditions noted but will not be excluded);\n* Participant has had a serious head injury or has a history of brain surgery. Head injury is defined as an injury to the brain from some external force resulting in loss of consciousness of 30 minutes or more;\n* Participant has psychoactive drug or alcohol abuse or dependence in the past three months, as determined by the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), except nicotine and caffeine. A score of 6 or greater on the DAST will be considered exclusionary. The effects of nicotine and caffeine in neuroimaging are attenuated if participants do not smoke or consume caffeine 2-3 hours before the scan session; Over-the-counter medication\u002Fherbals will not be a criterion for exclusion;\n* Participant is an NEI employee within the Perception, Cognition and Action section.\n\nAdditional Exclusion Criteria for MRI Sub-studies\n\nContraindication to MR scanning include the following: metallic tattoos or metallic eyeliner; claustrophobia; inability to lie still on their back for approximately 2 hours; implanted cardiac pacemaker or auto-defibrillator; surgical aneurysm clips; implanted neural stimulator; artificial heart valves or pumps; metal fragments in cranial cavity, body or eyes (e.g., history as a metal worker); nitroglycerin patch (foil backer); cochlear implants (tubes are okay); weight \\> 450 lbs; metal rods, plates, screws in body; shrapnel or bullet wound; intrauterine device (IUD) not approved on mrisafety.com (most IUDs are okay); vestibular or inner ear abnormality such as Meniere's disease; metallic braces; hair extensions attached with metallic wires; transdermal patches; movement disorders; dental implants; consumed of nicotine or caffeine in the two hours prior to the experimental session. Subjects may participate in this study but will not be allowed to have a 7.0 T MRI scan if they have metallic dental crowns or a bridge.\n\nExclusion Criteria for Genetic Screening\u002FOff-site Participants\n\nOff-site participation will be biased to participants with XY chromosomes until the genetic sequencing capability changes. We do not limit to just XY patients to provide the possibility of evaluating newer genetic sequencing capacity and because sequencing on XX can provide some information, even if it is not as decisive as on XY patients.\n\nExclusion Criteria for On-line Participants\n\nSubjects may not participate in the on-line portion of the study if they:\n\n* Do not have access to compatible equipment. For example, smartphone screens are too small to be used. The online platform will outline which devices may be used.\n* Are unwilling to allow permission for JavaScript to run on the site and disable any script blockers.\n* Are unwilling to agree to the on-line testing platform's terms and conditions.","13 Years","65 Years",{"count":324,"type":21},10200,"Background:\n\nWhen people see and hear, the brain changes signals from the eyes and ears into perceptions and thoughts. No one fully understands how this happens. Researchers want to explore how healthy brains process sights and sounds.\n\nObjectives:\n\nTo explore how people understand what they see and hear when the brain processes sights and sounds.\n\nEligibility:\n\nParticipants aged 13-65 who have at least 20\u002F40 vision in at least one eye and do not use a hearing aid.\n\nDesign:\n\nSome participants will take tests online anonymously. They will do computer tasks related to colors and behavior.\n\nIn-person participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. They will complete questionnaires and vision and hearing tests.\n\nParticipants will plan how many testing sessions they will have and when. Sessions last 2-5 hours. They may include:\n\n* Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Magnets and radio waves to take pictures of the brain. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of a tube. They will do a task during the scan.\n* Magnetoencephalography: Records magnetic field changes from brain activity. Participants will sit or lie down. A cone will be lowered onto their head. They may do a task during the test.\n* Electromyography: Electrodes attached to the skin will measure the electrical activity of muscles.\n* Electroencephalogram: Electrodes on the scalp will record brain waves.\n* Electrocardiography: Electrodes on the chest will record heart electrical activity.\n* Tests of memory, attention, thinking, vision, and hearing.\n* Eye Tracking: Cameras will follow participants eye movements. They may wear a cap with infrared cameras in front of their eyes.\n\nDuring the sessions, participants vital signs may be monitored.",[27],[328,329,330,331,137],"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","MEG","Color Vision","Neuroimaging","2026-06-04",{"date":307,"type":38},{"date":335,"type":38},"2019-03-26",{"date":192,"type":21},{"name":338,"class":45},"National Eye Institute (NEI)",2,{"id":341,"slug":342,"hasResults":12,"nctId":343,"briefTitle":344,"officialTitle":345,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":346,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":322,"enrollmentInfo":347,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":349,"briefSummary":350,"conditions":351,"keywords":352,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":332,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":358,"startDateStruct":359,"completionDateStruct":361,"leadSponsor":363,"locationsCount":46},"100065891","mrs-measurement-of-glutamate-and-gaba-metabolism-in-brain-100065891","NCT00109174","MRS Measurement of Glutamate and GABA Metabolism in Brain","MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) Measurement of Glutamate and GABA Metabolism in Brain","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n* 18-65 years of age\n* Able to give written informed consent\n* Healthy based on medical history and physical exam\n* Enrolled in Protocol 01-M-0254 or Protocol 17-M-0181\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n* Any current Axis 1 diagnosis\n* Clinically significant laboratory abnormalities\n* Positive HIV test\n* Metallic foreign bodies that would be affected by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet, or fear of enclosed spaces likely to make the subject unable to undergo an MRI scan.\n* History of neurological illness or injury with the potential to affect study data interpretation, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson s disease, seizure disorder or traumatic brain injury\n* Prescription psychotropic medication; drug free less than 8 weeks (anticholinergics, benzodiazepine, fluoxetine, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants)\n* Serious medical illness as determined from H\\&P or laboratory testing including Diabetes\n* Inability to lie flat on camera bed for about two and a half hours\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding\n* Current substance use disorder based on DSM-5\n* NIMH employees and staff and their immediate family members will be excluded from the study per NIMH policy.",{"count":348,"type":21},200,[77],"This study will use magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure in the brain the transfer of \\[13\\]C as it is naturally metabolized from glucose to specific chemical transmitters. From this method, we can measure the rate of production of an important excitatory neurotransmitter (glutamate) as well as an inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA).",[27],[353,354,355,356,357],"Glutamate","Excitatory Amino Acid","Neurochemistry","Brain","Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy",{"date":307,"type":38},{"date":360,"type":38},"2006-09-06",{"date":362,"type":21},"2030-03-11",{"name":364,"class":45},"National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)",{"id":366,"slug":367,"hasResults":12,"nctId":368,"briefTitle":369,"officialTitle":369,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":370,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":250,"enrollmentInfo":371,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":372,"conditions":373,"keywords":374,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":380,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":381,"startDateStruct":383,"completionDateStruct":384,"leadSponsor":386,"locationsCount":46},"100485704","assessing-and-improving-quantitative-magnetic-resonance-imaging-metrics-in-human-subjects-100485704","NCT05604534","Assessing and Improving Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Metrics in Human Subjects","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:\n\n* Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study\n* Male or female, aged 18 years of age and older\n* In good general health as evidenced by medical history\n* Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.\n* Must have had a neurological physical exam as prescribed by NINDS policy. At the time of writing, this is required at least once every 2 years, and record of the exam should be in the medical record. This exam must be done prior to having MRI # 1. If deemed adequate by the Investigators, reports of examination by clinicians who are not Investigators on this study may be used. In addition, subjects must complete the most-recent version of the NMR safety screening form or NIH Radiology and IS MRI safety questionnaire when required at each visit.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n* Has any metal implant or objects of unknown identity or composition, or if it s known to be non-compatible with MRI, such as pacemakers, medication pumps, aneurysm clips, metallic prosthesis (such as heart valves or cochlear implants), certain orthopedic implants (pins and rods), shrapnel, or small metal fragments in the eye;\n* Has claustrophobia to a degree that would preclude lying comfortably in the scanner for the duration of the examination;\n* Cannot lie comfortably for up to 120 minutes;\n* Has hearing problems which would make it difficult to tolerate scanner noise;\n* Subjects with tattoos or permanent eye liner; liner; will not be excluded, however, tattoos carry a small risk of heating and burns. Therefore, each tattoo will be considered on a case by case basis, taking into account the age of the tattoo and the location of the tattoo on the subject s body.\n* Has medical health problems such as pulmonary or airway disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, which would require physiological monitoring during the scan;\n* History of any medical condition that could result in an emergency medical situation while undergoing the MRI scan;\n* For \\>7T: Has a ferromagnetic dental crown or a bridge.\n* Non-English speakers are excluded as it is important that volunteers understand the complex instructions required to undergo an MRI procedure, and there is no direct benefit to participants.\n* Pregnant women:\n\n  * a) If a woman is pregnant at the time of enrollment, we will popstpone enrollment until she is no longer pregnant.\n  * Participants will not remain on the study should they have a positive pregnancy test at a study visit.",{"count":348,"type":21},"Background:\n\nMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which uses strong magnets to get images of structures inside the body, is a valuable tool in modern medicine. But researchers are always looking for ways to improve this technology. To better understand how to use MRI to diagnose problems, researchers need to collect more data from scans of healthy people.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo get MRI scans of healthy people to improve the measurements doctors can make from the images.\n\nEligibility:\n\nPeople aged 18 years or older in good general health.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will be screened. They will have a physical exam focused on their nervous system. They will complete questionnaires.\n\nParticipants will have at least 1 MRI scan. The target of the scan may be the brain, liver, prostate, breast, or other body part. Before the scan, participants will remove any metallic objects. They will lie on a narrow table that moves into a long, narrow tube. They may have special pads placed around them to help them remain still.\n\nParticipants will hear loud noises during the scan. They will get earplugs or earmuffs to wear to muffle the sound. They can communicate with the MRI technician and will have an emergency button to squeeze at any time if they want the scan to stop. The scan will take up to 2 hours.\n\nSome participants may be asked to perform tasks on a computer screen during the scan.\n\nParticipants may return for up to 5 scans in 3 months. Some may have as many as 30 MRI visits per year. They may remain in the study for up to 2 years.",[27],[375,376,377,378,379,137],"MRI","Healthy Adult","Diffusion","DTI","Diffusion Tensor Imaging","2026-06-02",{"date":382,"type":38},"2026-06-03",{"date":190,"type":38},{"date":385,"type":21},"2041-03-31",{"name":243,"class":45},{"id":388,"slug":389,"hasResults":12,"nctId":390,"briefTitle":391,"officialTitle":392,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":393,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":123,"enrollmentInfo":394,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":396,"conditions":397,"keywords":398,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":400,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":401,"startDateStruct":403,"completionDateStruct":4,"leadSponsor":405,"locationsCount":46},"100157632","development-of-3t-magnetic-resonance-research-methods-for-nia-studies-100157632","NCT01324206","Development of 3T Magnetic Resonance Research Methods for NIA Studies","Development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Research Methods for NIA Studies","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nTo be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all the following criteria:\n\n* Ability of subject to understand the study and stated willingness to comply with all study procedures.\n* Male or female, age \\> 18years.\n* Able to speak and read English.\n* Capable of providing informed consent.\n* Subjects or persons identified by an investigator to have a condition of interest for exploratory studies as it relates to aging. These participants are not being scanned for diagnostic purposes.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n* Has condition and\u002For non-removable device contraindicated for MRI as per the MRI eligibility form.\n* Weight \\> 300lbs (MRI scanner weight limit)\n* Is currently pregnant or a nursing mother.",{"count":395,"type":21},1000,"Background:\n\n\\- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies provide important information on the structure and function of various body systems, including the brain, muscles, joints, heart, and blood vessels. Scientific applications of MRI scans often use techniques that need to be modified or refined before they are used in clinical studies. To develop and modify these techniques for the new Philips 3T Achieva whole-body MRI scanner, researchers are interested in conducting trial MRI scans on healthy individuals and individuals with conditions that require imaging studies.\n\nObjectives:\n\n\\- To conduct preliminary trials of the 3T MRI facility to develop and refine MRI scanning procedures.\n\nEligibility:\n\n\\- Individuals at least 18 years of age who are able to have magnetic resonance imaging.\n\nDesign:\n\n* Participants will be screened with a full medical history and physical examination, as well as blood and urine tests.\n* Participants will have an MRI scan using the 3T scanner. Some scans may require the use of a contrast agent or radiotracer, which is a small amount of radioactive substance that will be injected before the start of the scan. Some participants may be asked to perform tasks of thinking and movement while in the scanner, in order to test the procedures required for a functional MRI scan.\n* No treatment will be provided as part of this protocol.",[27],[399,205,137],"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","2026-05-29",{"date":402,"type":38},"2026-06-01",{"date":404,"type":38},"2008-11-03",{"name":406,"class":45},"National Institute on Aging (NIA)",{"id":408,"slug":409,"hasResults":12,"nctId":410,"briefTitle":411,"officialTitle":411,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":412,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":413,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":415,"conditions":416,"keywords":417,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":419,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":420,"startDateStruct":421,"completionDateStruct":423,"leadSponsor":425,"locationsCount":46},"100493642","development-and-validation-of-learning-and-decision-making-tasks-100493642","NCT05707806","Development and Validation of Learning and Decision-Making Tasks","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nThere are two levels of inclusion and exclusion criteria; those applying to all participants and those applying to participants in the 'MRI' phase only. Participants will be cleared for both the behavioral and MRI phases, if eligible, and will be invited to sign one or both consents depending on what tasks are active at the time of consent. If a person is not MRI compatible, they will only be offered enrollment into the behavioral phase of the study.\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet the following criteria:\n\n1. Male or female, aged 18-45 years old. Justification: Many neural processes change with age, and these changes could introduce unwanted variability in both behavioral and MRI signals.\n2. In good general health.\n\n   In order to be eligible to participate in the MRI phase of this study, an individual must - in addition - also meet all of the following criteria:\n3. Right-handed.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIndividuals who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation:\n\n1. History of neurological illnesses or neurosurgery including but not limited to cerebrovascular accident, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, CNS tumor, significant head trauma with sequelae, multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating diseases, epilepsy, movement disorders. The MAI will also retain discretion to exclude based on a history of a neurological illness or trauma that may compromise data integrity.\n2. History of currently unresolved psychiatric disorders with current (past 12 months) regular use of psychiatric medications. Past\u002Fremitted (\\>12 months ago) psychiatric disorders with no currently active symptoms and no current use of psychiatric medications may be included in the study, per MAI discretion.\n3. Pattern of alcohol and drug use in the past 12 months that is indicative of harmful use, loss of control over use, or physical dependence.\n4. Daily nicotine, alcohol, or drug use (excluding caffeine) for at least 4 continuous weeks in the past 12 months.\n5. Current use of psychoactive medications and medications that affect alertness and that cannot (in principle) be withheld the night before the study visit. Participants who can withhold these medications will either (1) withhold the medication during this time or (2) not withhold the medication and pass a clinical assessment for intoxication on the day of the study visit. Based on participant preferences and MAI\u002FPI judgement, participants who fail the clinical assessment for intoxication will either be withdrawn or rescheduled and asked to withhold the medication.\n6. For tasks that involve gustatory or olfactory stimuli, food intake: History of anaphylaxis, e.g., due to severe asthma or food and non-food allergies (e.g., latex, detergents, soap, etc.). This will disqualify participants for tasks that involve chemosensory stimuli or food intake, but not from the study itself.\n7. Uncorrected impairments in visual acuity.\n8. Non-English speaking. Justification: To include non-English speakers, we would have to translate the consent and other study documents and hire and train bilingual staff, which would require resources that we do not have and could not justify, given the small sample size for each experiment. Additionally, the data integrity of some of the cognitive tasks used in this study would be compromised as they have only been validated in English. Most importantly, ongoing communication regarding safety procedures is necessary when participants are undergoing MRI procedures. The inability to effectively communicate MRI safety procedures in a language other than English could compromise the safety of non-English speaking participants.\n9. Pregnancy.\n10. Any other condition that in the judgment of the investigators is incompatible with participation.\n\n    An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in the MRI phase of this study:\n11. Unable to undergo MRI scanning due to certain metallic or magnetic devices or implants in the body, or claustrophobia.",{"count":414,"type":21},550,"Background:\n\nSubstance use disorders (SUD) can be considered disorders in the way people process incentives, learn, and make decisions. To understand why some people develop SUD, researchers need to develop reliable tests that show how people think and learn. This natural history study seeks to develop a set of tasks that could then be used to test how people learn and make decisions.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo develop and validate behavioral tasks that could be used in future studies.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people aged 18-45 years from the Baltimore area. They must also be enrolled in the NIDA screening protocol.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will perform different tasks. Most tasks require 1-4 study visits; some may require up to 12. Visits are 1-14 days apart. All visits will last about 1-7 hours.\n\nParticipants will perform tasks on a computer. As they work they may be given different stimuli:\n\nSmells. Participants will sniff odors through a plastic tube or mask on their nose.\n\nFlavors. Participants will wear a mouthpiece and small amounts of different flavored liquids will be placed in their mouth.\n\nPictures. Participants will look at different images.\n\nSounds. Participants will wear headphones and various sounds will be played for them.\n\nFood. Participants may be asked to eat a meal before, during, or after a task. The researchers will provide the meal.\n\nDuring each task, participants will wear sensors to monitor their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and other physical changes in their bodies.\n\nSome participants will have a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. They will lie on a table that slides into a cylinder. They will perform tasks on a computer screen during the fMRI.",[27],[33,31,418,30,137],"Incentive Pocessing","2026-05-28",{"date":400,"type":38},{"date":422,"type":38},"2023-03-29",{"date":424,"type":21},"2032-12-31",{"name":44,"class":45},{"id":427,"slug":428,"hasResults":12,"nctId":429,"briefTitle":430,"officialTitle":430,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":431,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":432,"enrollmentInfo":433,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":434,"briefSummary":435,"conditions":436,"keywords":437,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":440,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":441,"startDateStruct":443,"completionDateStruct":445,"leadSponsor":447,"locationsCount":46},"100243356","neural-and-psychological-mechanisms-of-pain-perception-100243356","NCT02446262","Neural and Psychological Mechanisms of Pain Perception","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n* Healthy\n* Between 18 and 50 years old\n* Fluent in English\n* Able to provide written informed consent.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA (all sub-studies):\n\n* Unable to comply with study procedures or follow-up visits.\n* Has a major medical condition or medical history that in a clinician's assessment could affect heat sensitivity, pain thresholds, or ability to comply with study procedures. This may include cardiovascular, autonomic, or neurological conditions, including stroke, blindness, deafness, a history of brain damage, or a chronic systemic disease (e.g., diabetes).\n* Has a current mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or substance use disorder, or has a history of psychosis, hospitalization for a mental health condition, or recurrent psychiatric episodes.\n* Has a medical condition that in a clinician's assessment might affect somatosensation (e.g., Raynaud's disease, peripheral neuropathy, or circulatory disorder).\n* Has a current chronic pain condition or has had chronic pain in the past (painful condition lasting more than six months).\n* Has a dermatological condition affecting the testing region such as scars, burns, or recent tattoos that might influence cutaneous sensibility.\n* Regular use of prescription medication that has a significant effect on pain or heat perception. Excluded medications include central-acting agents such as opiates (morphine, tramadol), antidepressants (amitriptyline, duloxetine, milnacipran), anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin), anxiolytics (barbituates, benzodiazepines), hypnotics (zolpidem, sodium oxybate), antipsychotics (valproate, lithium, olanzapine), antimigraine agents (sumatriptan, ergotamine), and muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol). Use of analgesic medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, salicylates, and acetaminophen, taken on an \"as needed\" basis is acceptable as long as the last dose taken was within 5 half-lives of testing.\n* Is pregnant.\n* NIH staff member who is a subordinate\u002Frelative\u002Fco-worker of any investigator on the protocol.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA (fMRI sub-studies):\n\n* Individuals with conditions that could pose a risk relating to the safety of the fMRI procedure or pain stimulation will be excluded from the MRI portion of the protocol, but may participate in the non-fMRI sessions (with the exception of pregnant women). Such conditions include:\n\n  * Those with ferromagnetic metal in the cranial cavity or eye, e.g. aneurysm clip, implanted neural stimulator, cochlear implant, ocular foreign body.\n  * Those with an abnormality on a structural MRI.\n  * Those with an implanted cardiac pacemaker or auto-defibrillator.\n  * Those with an insulin pump.\n  * Those with irremovable body piercing.\n  * Pregnant women (based on urine test completed within 24 hours prior to scan).\n* Individuals who are left-handed (based on self-report or score on handedness questionnaire) will be excluded from fMRI substudies.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA (placebo analgesia sub-studies):\n\n-Participation in an NIH study of analgesia, as gleaned from CRIS.","50 Years",{"count":414,"type":21},[77],"Background:\n\n\\- Painful stimuli cause changes in a network of brain regions called the \"Pain Matrix.\" But most of these regions respond to many other stimuli, not just pain. Researchers want to understand how different factors influence pain. They want to test what happens when people expect different levels of pain and receive treatments that can modify pain. They want to see if these factors influence decisions about pain and how the body responds to it. They also want to compare pain with responses like taste and vision.\n\nObjectives:\n\n\\- To better understand how pain and emotions are processed and influenced by psychological factors.\n\nEligibility:\n\n\\- Healthy volunteers ages 18-50.\n\nDesign:\n\n* This study requires 1 to 2 clinic visits that last 1 to 3 hours.\n* Participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam.\n* Some participants will have one or more magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of their brain. For MRI, participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of a cylinder. The scanner makes loud knocking noises. They will get earplugs.\n* Participants' heart activity will be recorded with electrocardiogram. Their pulse, sweating, and breathing will be monitored.\n* Some participants will take a taste test. Others may perform simple tasks. Others may receive pain in their arm, leg, or hand. The pain will come from heat or electric shocks. Others may judge pain using a topical pain-relieving cream. Some of these tests may be given during MRI.\n* Participants will fill out questionnaires.\n* The study will last 3 years.",[206,27,205],[206,208,438,439,233],"Placebo","Affective Neuroscience","2026-05-14",{"date":442,"type":38},"2026-05-15",{"date":444,"type":38},"2015-06-11",{"date":446,"type":21},"2027-02-20",{"name":218,"class":45},{"id":449,"slug":450,"hasResults":12,"nctId":451,"briefTitle":452,"officialTitle":452,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":453,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":454,"maxAge":455,"enrollmentInfo":456,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":458,"conditions":459,"keywords":460,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":463,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":464,"startDateStruct":466,"completionDateStruct":468,"leadSponsor":470,"locationsCount":46},"100263310","clinical-and-scientific-assessment-of-pain-and-painful-disorders-100263310","NCT02707029","Clinical and Scientific Assessment of Pain and Painful Disorders","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n* Are \\>= 12 years of age\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n* Have difficulties with communication that make subjective pain assessment impossible or unreliable.\n* Have acute medical or psychiatric health issues that create additional and substantial adverse risks related to study procedures. Medical examples are the acute complications of medical disease, such as asymptomatic hypertensive urgency, diabetic ketoacidosis, symptomatic hyperthyroidism, and unstable angina. Psychiatric examples are the acute complications of psychiatric disease, such as acute mania, paranoid delusions, or having acute panic attacks.\n* Are participating in other ongoing research protocols such that phenotypic measurements would interfere with the conduct of an ongoing protocols or the receipt of a research treatment would influence the phenotypic measurements.\n* Employees or staff that work at NCCIH.\n* Pregnant women","12 Years","120 Years",{"count":457,"type":21},10000,"Background:\n\nResearchers want to better understand pain by studying people with and without different kinds of pain. To do this, researchers will expose people to pleasant and unpleasant sensations. They will ask them questions about their pain. Researchers also want to see if these people are eligible for other research studies at the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.\n\nObjectives:\n\nTo study the experience of pain. Also to find people eligible to join other NIH studies.\n\nEligibility:\n\nPeople 12 years and older with and without pain disorders.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will be screened by phone.\n\nParticipants will have one required visit lasting about 2 hours. This may include:\n\n* Medical history\n* Physical exam\n* Questionnaires about themselves and their pain experience\n* Blood and urine tests\n* MRI: They will lie on a table that slides into a cylinder. They will feel different sensations while completing tasks on a computer. This lasts 15 minutes to 2 hours.\n* Quantitative sensory testing: They will be exposed to different pictures, sounds, tastes, and smells. They will also be exposed to pleasant and unpleasant sensations. These could include:\n\n  * Burning, itching, or cold sensations\n  * Pinpricks\n  * Pressure and pinches\n* Electrocardiogram: Stickers on the chest record heart activity.\n* Straps placed around the chest to measure breathing.\n* Small sensors on the fingers or palms to measure pulse and sweating.\n\nParticipants may have up to 12 other outpatient study visits.\n\nParticipants may be recorded at the visits.",[27,206],[461,206,462],"Screening Protocol","Phenotypes","2026-05-06",{"date":465,"type":38},"2026-05-07",{"date":467,"type":38},"2016-07-22",{"date":469,"type":21},"2027-02-09",{"name":218,"class":45},{"id":472,"slug":473,"hasResults":12,"nctId":474,"briefTitle":475,"officialTitle":475,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":476,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":455,"enrollmentInfo":477,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":479,"conditions":480,"keywords":484,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":485,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":486,"startDateStruct":488,"completionDateStruct":490,"leadSponsor":492,"locationsCount":46},"100307895","influence-of-brain-oscillation-dependent-tms-on-motor-function-100307895","NCT03288220","Influence of Brain Oscillation-Dependent TMS on Motor Function","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n* Healthy younger adults:\n\n  * Ages 18 years to less than 50 years. (18 to 49)\n  * Willingness\u002Fability to provide informed consent.\n  * Ability to induce a motor evoked potential in the muscle target of the upper extremity, as evaluated during the TMS Screening.\n* Healthy older adults:\n\n  * Age 50 and over\n  * Willingness\u002Fability to provide informed consent.\n  * Ability to induce a motor evoked potential in the muscle target of the upper extremity, as evaluated during the TMS Screening.\n* Stroke patients:\n\n  * Age 18 and over.\n  * Unilateral or bilateral upper limb paresis with the ability to voluntarily contract a finger, hand, wrist, or elbow muscle in the affected arm(s).\n  * Stroke onset \\> 6 months prior to participation.\n  * Intact M1 sufficient to induce motor evoked potentials in the affected upper extremity following ipsilesional TMS, as evaluated during the TMS Screening.\n  * Willingness\u002Fability to provide informed consent.\n\n    * If the investigator feels the individual s capacity to provide informed consent is questionable, the NIH Human Subjects Protection Unit (HSPU) will be requested to determine the individual s ability to consent.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n* Healthy younger and older adults:\n\n  * Presence of severe neurological or medical disorder (e.g., Parkinson s disease or multiple sclerosis).\n  * History of seizures.\n  * Chronic use of antipsychotic drugs (e.g., chlorpromazine or clozapine), tri-cyclic or other anti-depressants, benzodiazepines, or prescription stimulants.\n  * TMS contraindications, such as:\n\n    * Pacemaker, implanted pump, stimulator, cochlear implant, or metal objects inside the eye or skull.\n    * Diagnosed severe hearing loss.\n  * Current pregnancy.\n  * Staff from our section.\n* Stroke patients:\n\n  * Presence of severe neurological or medical disorder, other than stroke (e.g., Parkinson s disease or multiple sclerosis).\n  * History of brainstem stroke.\n  * History of seizures.\n  * Chronic use of antipsychotic drugs (e.g., chlorpromazine or clozapine), benzodiazepines, or prescription stimulants.\n  * TMS contraindications, such as:\n\n    * Pacemaker, implanted pump, stimulator, cochlear implant, or metal objects inside\n\nthe eye or skull.\n\n---Diagnosed severe hearing loss.\n\n* Current pregnancy.\n* Staff from our section.",{"count":478,"type":21},114,"Background:\n\nWhen people have a stroke, they often have difficulty moving their arms and hands. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can improve how well people with and without stroke can move their arms and hands. But the effects of TMS are minor, and it doesn t work for everyone. Researchers want to study how to time brain stimulation so that the effects are more consistent.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo understand how the brain responds to transcranial magnetic stimulation so that treatments for people with stroke can be improved.\n\nEligibility:\n\nAdults ages 18 and older who had a stroke at least 6 months ago\n\nHealthy volunteers ages 50 and older\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will have up to 5 visits.\n\nAt visit 1, participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. Participants with stroke will also have TMS and surface electromyography (sEMG).\n\nFor TMS, a brief electrical current will pass through a wire coil on the scalp. Participants may hear a click and feel a pull. Muscles may twitch. Participants may be asked to do simple movements during TMS.\n\nFor sEMG, small electrodes will be attached to the skin and muscle activity will be recorded.\n\nAt visit 2, participants will have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They will lie on a table that slides into a metal cylinder in a strong magnetic field. They will get earplugs for the loud noise.\n\nAt visit 3, participants will have TMS, sEMG, and electroencephalography (EEG). For EEG, small electrodes on the scalp will record brainwaves. Participants will sit still, watch a movie, or do TMS.\n\nParticipants may be asked to have 2 extra visits to redo procedures.",[481,482,27,483],"Healthy","Stroke","Aging",[482,137],"2026-04-23",{"date":487,"type":38},"2026-04-24",{"date":489,"type":38},"2018-09-11",{"date":491,"type":21},"2029-03-31",{"name":243,"class":45},{"id":494,"slug":495,"hasResults":12,"nctId":496,"briefTitle":497,"officialTitle":497,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":498,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":499,"enrollmentInfo":500,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":501,"conditions":502,"keywords":506,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":511,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":512,"startDateStruct":514,"completionDateStruct":516,"leadSponsor":518,"locationsCount":46},"100457544","investigational-use-of-neuromuscular-ultrasound-100457544","NCT05237973","Investigational Use of Neuromuscular Ultrasound","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:\n\n1. Healthy Volunteers-Adults\n\n   1. Healthy adults, male or female, aged 18 years old or older,\n   2. In good general health as evidenced by medical history, medical conditions under control such as hypertension acceptable.\n   3. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study.\n   4. Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.\n2. Participants with neuromuscular disorders\n\n   1. Adults, male or female, aged 18 years old or older,\n   2. Diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder or have signs and symptoms of nerve or muscle disorder or neuromuscular diaphragm dysfunction.\n   3. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study.\n   4. Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n1. Healthy Volunteers-Adults\n\n   History of stroke, muscle disorders, peripheral neuropathy, or spine surgery\n2. Participants with neuromuscular disorders\n\nNo clinical evidence of a neuromuscular disorder on clinical evaluation.","110 Years",{"count":300,"type":21},"Background:\n\nCurrent techniques used to measure the health and function of a person s nerves and muscles are generally effective, but they do have limits. Researchers are looking for ways to improve the ability to observe nerves and muscles and how they function in this natural history protocol.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo study the use of ultrasound (sound waves) to learn more about nerves and muscles.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy adults, aged 18 and older, with no history of stroke, nerve or muscular disorders, or spine surgery are also needed. A smaller population of adults aged 18 and older who have a neuromuscular disorder or show symptoms of nerve or muscle disorder will also be evaluated.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants will be screened with a medical record review.\n\nParticipants will have up to 5 outpatient clinic visits. Most participants will have 1 or 2 visits. Visits will last for less than 3-4 hours each.\n\nDuring each visit, participants will give a brief medical history and have a physical exam.\n\nParticipants will have ultrasounds to get pictures and measurements of their nerves and muscles. Gel will be applied to their skin. A probe will be placed on the skin surface. Sound waves sent through the probe will be used to create pictures.\n\nParticipants may have nerve conduction studies. Wires will be taped to the skin surface near a muscle or nerve in the arm or leg. The nerve will be stimulated with a small electric current that feels like a rubber band flick. The response will be recorded through the wires.",[503,504,505,27],"Muscular Dystrophy","Peripheral Neuropathy","Motor Neuron Disorder",[507,305,508,509,510,137],"Neuromuscular","Elastography","Muscle","Nerve","2026-04-21",{"date":513,"type":38},"2026-04-22",{"date":515,"type":38},"2022-04-18",{"date":517,"type":21},"2026-08-03",{"name":243,"class":45},{"id":520,"slug":521,"hasResults":12,"nctId":522,"briefTitle":523,"officialTitle":523,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":524,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":322,"enrollmentInfo":525,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":527,"briefSummary":528,"conditions":529,"keywords":530,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":536,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":537,"startDateStruct":539,"completionDateStruct":541,"leadSponsor":543,"locationsCount":46},"100435446","characterization-of-an-optically-pumped-magnetometer-opm-magnetoencephalography-meg-array-100435446","NCT04950309","Characterization of an Optically Pumped Magnetometer (OPM) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Array","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:\n\n1. Provision of signed and dated informed consent form\n2. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study\n3. Male or female, aged 18-65\n4. In good general health as evaluated according to protocol 17-M-0181\n5. Completed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan under 17-M-0181\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n1. Participants excluded from 17-M-0181 will be excluded from this protocol\n2. Metal in the body which would cause artifacts on MEG recordings",{"count":526,"type":21},75,[77],"Background:\n\nBrain activity produces magnetic fields. These fields can be measured outside the head. Existing technology, called MEG, measures these fields. Researchers are testing a new type of magnetic field sensor called OPM. They hope it can help pinpoint with very high accuracy where brain activity is generated.\n\nObjective:\n\nTo develop and test a new type of sensor for measuring the magnetic fields produced by brain activity.\n\nEligibility:\n\nHealthy people ages 18-65 who had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan under protocol 17-M-0181.\n\nDesign:\n\nParticipants may be asked to complete sessions on both the traditional MEG instrument and the OPM array.\n\nFor the MEG, 3 small coils will be placed on the participant s face with tape. Their head will be positioned inside the MEG device.\n\nFor the OPM, sensors are housed in a 3d printed array. The sensors will be attached to a cap placed on the participant s head.\n\nFor both scans, participants will be seated in a chair inside a magnetically shielded room. They may complete several tasks. In one task, plastic cells will be placed on their fingers. Puffs of air will be sent to these cells, which will stimulate the sense of touch. Other tasks may include the following stimuli: visual (such as checkerboards), auditory (such as beeps and tones), or language (words and letters).\n\nResearchers may also obtain recordings while they stimulate the nerve in the participant s forearm using electrical current in small electrodes.\n\nParticipation is expected to last for 1 day. Additional optional scans may be offered for up to 1 year....",[27],[531,532,533,534,535],"Imaging","biomagnetism","somatotopy","optically pumped magnetometer","Magnetoencephalography","2025-11-29",{"date":538,"type":38},"2025-12-02",{"date":540,"type":38},"2022-05-12",{"date":542,"type":21},"2026-08-01",{"name":364,"class":45},{"id":545,"slug":4,"hasResults":12,"nctId":69,"briefTitle":70,"officialTitle":70,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":71,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":73,"enrollmentInfo":546,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":547,"briefSummary":78,"conditions":548,"keywords":549,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":550,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":551,"startDateStruct":553,"completionDateStruct":554,"leadSponsor":555,"locationsCount":46},"100502960",{"count":75,"type":21},[77],[27],[81,82,83,84],"2025-04-25",{"date":552,"type":38},"2025-04-27",{"date":87,"type":38},{"date":138,"type":21},{"name":91,"class":92},{"id":557,"slug":558,"hasResults":12,"nctId":559,"briefTitle":560,"officialTitle":561,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":562,"healthyVolunteers":72,"sex":16,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":563,"targetDuration":564,"studyType":126,"phases":4,"briefSummary":565,"conditions":566,"keywords":583,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":594,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":595,"startDateStruct":597,"completionDateStruct":599,"leadSponsor":601,"locationsCount":603},"100579293","raman-spectroscopy-based-deep-learning-model-for-early-pan-cancer-early-diagnosis-100579293","NCT06822413","Raman Spectroscopy-Based Deep Learning Model for Early Pan-Cancer Early Diagnosis","A Novel Raman Spectroscopy-Based Method for Pan-Cancers Early Diagnosis Supported by Deep Learning: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Multicentre Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Histopathological diagnosis of malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal cancer.\n* Patients in normal physiological conditions without any malignant tumors or precancerous lesions.\n* Patients with malignant tumor without recieving any interventions, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or other anti-tumor treatments.\n* Patients with a histopathological diagnosis of any precancerous lesions or non-malignant disease.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with metastatic tumors or in the condition with two or more kinds of malignant tumors at the same time\n* Post-cancer treatment patients.",{"count":20,"type":21},"1 Year","The goal of this observational study is to explore whether a Raman-based, deep learning-assisted approach can be used to develop an effective method for early pan-cancer screening. The study includes healthy individuals, patients at risk of cancer, and patients with diagnosed cancers. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Evaluating the deep-learning model's accuracy and specificity in identifying cancer-specific features in Raman spectral data and determining whether this method can accurately classify patients based on risk.\n* Identifying which model is more adaptable to the Raman spectrum\n* Providing an interpretable analysis of the model-generated diagnosis Participants are already being diagnosed and follow-up to determine the type of cancer.",[567,568,569,570,571,27,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582],"Cancer Diagnosis","Liver Cancer, Adult","Cancer Screening","Colorectal Cancer (CRC)","Gastric Cancers","Pancreatic Cancer, Adult","Raman Spectroscopy","Deep Learning Model","Esophageal Cancer","Malignant Tumours","Precancerous Conditions","Pancreatitis","Adenoma Colon Polyp","Gastric Ulcer","Oesophagitis","Cirrhoses, Liver",[584,585,569,573,586,587,588,575,589,590,578,591,592,581,593],"Pan-cancer","Deep Learning Models","Colorectal Cancer","Pancreatic Cancer","Gastric Cancer","malignant tumour","Precancerous Condtions","Colorectal Adenoma","Gastirc Ulcer","Cirrhoses","2025-04-19",{"date":596,"type":38},"2025-04-24",{"date":598,"type":38},"2022-09-01",{"date":600,"type":21},"2025-07-28",{"name":602,"class":92},"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University",4]