[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"pain-procedural\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:pain-procedural":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,8,0,[8,51,87,120,153,184,219,256],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":39,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":40,"startDateStruct":43,"completionDateStruct":45,"leadSponsor":47,"locationsCount":50},"100513156","offset-mechanisms-in-evaluation-of-lumbar-medial-branch-blocks-100513156",false,"NCT05961800","Offset Mechanisms in Evaluation of Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks","OMEGA Study: Offset Mechanisms in Evaluation of Lumbar Medial Branch Block","OMEGA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Scheduled for lumbar MBB in UPMC Pain Management clinics\n* Age \\> 18 years old\n* Predominantly axial chronic low back pain at least 3 months on a daily basis\n* Must meet the minimum criteria for cognitive function using the PROMIS 2-item cognitive screener (\\>3)\n* Low back pain intensity of \\> 3\u002F10\n* Willing and able to receive study-related phone calls\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of spine surgery at the level of the lumbar MBB\n* Active worker's compensation or litigation claims\n* New pain and\u002For psychiatric treatments within 2 weeks of enrollment\n* Not fluent in English and\u002For not able to complete the questionnaires\n* Any clinically unstable systemic illness that is judged to interfere with the study","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},40,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","This study examines the relationship between central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms of pain inhibition and the pain relief that occurs following a lumbar medial branch block (MBB).",[27,28,29,30],"Pain, Chronic","Facet Joint Pain","Pain, Procedural","Analgesia",[32,33,34,35,36,37],"lumbar","medial branch block","offset analgesia","onset hyperalgesia","QST","quantitative sensory testing","RECRUITING","2026-06-02",{"date":41,"type":42},"2026-06-04","ACTUAL",{"date":44,"type":42},"2023-07-05",{"date":46,"type":21},"2028-06",{"name":48,"class":49},"University of Pittsburgh","OTHER",1,{"id":52,"slug":53,"hasResults":11,"nctId":54,"briefTitle":55,"officialTitle":56,"acronym":57,"eligibilityCriteria":58,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":59,"minAge":60,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":61,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":63,"briefSummary":64,"conditions":65,"keywords":68,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":78,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":79,"startDateStruct":81,"completionDateStruct":83,"leadSponsor":85,"locationsCount":50},"100638672","tens-as-an-adjunct-to-local-anaesthesia-during-transperineal-prostate-biopsy-a-randomized-sham-controlled-trial-100638672","NCT07578324","TENS as an Adjunct to Local Anaesthesia During Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial","Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation as an Adjunct to Local Anaesthesia During Transperineal MRI-Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Triple-Blind Sham-Controlled Trial","TENS 2","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male patients aged 40 years or older\n* Indication for prostate biopsy: elevated serum PSA (as per institutional protocol and EAU guidelines) or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE)\n* Suspicious lesion on multiparametric MRI classified as PI-RADS score 3 or higher (version 2.1)\n* Scheduled for transperineal MRI-ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsy under local anaesthesia\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Prior treatment for prostate cancer (surgical, radiotherapy, hormonal or focal therapy)\n* Contraindications to TENS: cutaneous damage or dermatologic conditions at electrode application sites; cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD); uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia or congestive heart failure; history of epilepsy or seizure disorder; metallic implants near the stimulation site; malignancy at or near the stimulation site\n* Contraindications to transperineal biopsy: active urinary tract infection; bleeding disorder or ongoing anticoagulation not amendable to bridging; anatomical abnormalities preventing safe prostatic access\n* Known allergy or intolerance to local anaesthetic agents or biopsy-related materials\n* Severe comorbidities or unstable medical condition compromising procedural safety\n* Inability to complete questionnaires\n* Participation in another interventional clinical trial within 30 days prior to enrolment","MALE","40 Years",{"count":62,"type":21},140,[24],"Transperineal prostate biopsy is a safe and effective method of diagnosing prostate cancer. When performed under local anaesthesia in an outpatient setting, it can cause significant pain, particularly during the periprostatic nerve block - the injection of local anaesthetic around the prostate. Better pain management during this procedure may improve patient comfort and encourage wider use of the transperineal approach.\n\nTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive, low-cost method of pain relief that works by delivering mild electrical impulses through the skin. A preceding pilot study at our centre (n=84) found that TENS used alongside local anaesthesia was associated with significantly lower pain scores during periprostatic nerve block and biopsy sampling, with no device-related complications.\n\nThis study aims to confirm these findings in a larger, formally powered, triple-blind, randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either active TENS or sham TENS (electrodes applied but no electrical current delivered) in addition to standard local anaesthesia. Neither the participant, the operating urologist, nor the nurse recording pain scores will know which group the participant is in.\n\nPain intensity will be assessed at four stages of the procedure using a 0-10 numeric rating scale. Participants will be followed up at 30 days after the biopsy.",[66,67,29],"Prostate Cancer (Diagnosis)","Prostate Biopsy",[69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76],"Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation","TENS","Transperineal Prostate Biopsy","Local Anaesthesia","Periprostatic Nerve Block","Pain Management","MRI-Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy","Randomized Controlled Trial","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-05-05",{"date":80,"type":42},"2026-05-11",{"date":82,"type":21},"2026-06",{"date":84,"type":21},"2027-02",{"name":86,"class":49},"Medical University of Gdansk",{"id":88,"slug":89,"hasResults":11,"nctId":90,"briefTitle":91,"officialTitle":91,"acronym":92,"eligibilityCriteria":93,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":94,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":96,"phases":4,"briefSummary":97,"conditions":98,"keywords":107,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":110,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":111,"startDateStruct":113,"completionDateStruct":115,"leadSponsor":117,"locationsCount":119},"100617117","procedural-sedation-and-analgesia-for-treatment-of-adults-with-fractures-and-dislocations-in-the-emergency-department-100617117","NCT07314450","Procedural Sedation and Analgesia for Treatment of Adults With Fractures and Dislocations in the Emergency Department","PAINEX","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age ≥18.\n2. Patients with the following injuries are eligible:\n\n   1. Reduction treatment of shoulder dislocation\n   2. Reduction treatment of elbow dislocation\n   3. Reduction treatment of distal radius fractures, application of cast\n   4. Reduction treatment of finger fractures\u002Fdislocation\n   5. Casting treatment of upper extremity fractures\n\n      * Proximal humerus fracture, application of fixed sling\n      * Humeral shaft fracture, application of Sarmiento brace\n      * Supracondylar fracture, application of angled cast\n   6. Reduction treatment of hip dislocation\n   7. Reduction treatment of patella dislocation\n   8. Reduction of tibial shaft fracture, application of cast\n   9. Reduction treatment of ankle fractures including distal tibia fracture\n   10. Reduction treatment for toe fractures\u002Fdislocation\n   11. Casting treatment of lower extremity fractures\n\n       * Distal femur fracture, application of cast\u002Ftraction\n       * Proximal tibia fracture, application of cast or hinged brace\n       * Ankle fracture, application of walker\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Unable to give informed consent (e.g. unconscious, psychotic or dementia)\n2. Unwilling to participate in the study\n3. Prior inclusion in the study\n4. Already included in another clinical study at the same day\u002Fhospital visit\n5. Pregnant or breastfeeding",{"count":95,"type":21},200,"OBSERVATIONAL","The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different procedural sedation and analgesia methods used for adults with painful fractures requiring reduction treatment in the emergency department.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Which sedation and analgesia methods provide the best patient satisfaction and pain relief?\n* How do different treatment methods affect clinician satisfaction and the occurrence of adverse events?\n\nThe investigators will compare different types of procedural sedative and analgesic treatments (such as systemic sedation\u002Fanalgesia and regional techniques like nerve or hematoma blocks) to see which approach offers the best patient satisfaction and most effective pain control.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nBe adult patients with upper or lower extremity fractures or joint dislocations requiring painful reduction procedures.\n\nReceive one of the routinely used sedation or analgesia treatments (or no analgesia) during their emergency department care.\n\nReport their pain levels and satisfaction before, during, and after treatment. Be monitored for any side effects, complications, or use of antidotes. Data will be collected over a six-month period at Odense University Hospital, Holbæk Hospital, and Zealand University Hospital, Køge, following the STROBE guidelines for observational studies.",[29,30,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106],"Extremity Injury","Patient Satisfaction","Satisfaction, Personal","Satisfaction","Upper Extremity Injury","Lower Extremity Fracture","Upper Extremity Fracture","Extremity Injuries Lower",[108,109],"Emergency Department","Procedural sedation and analgesia","2025-12-17",{"date":112,"type":42},"2026-01-02",{"date":114,"type":42},"2025-07-29",{"date":116,"type":21},"2026-07-01",{"name":118,"class":49},"Region Zealand",3,{"id":121,"slug":122,"hasResults":11,"nctId":123,"briefTitle":124,"officialTitle":125,"acronym":126,"eligibilityCriteria":127,"healthyVolunteers":128,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":129,"enrollmentInfo":130,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":132,"briefSummary":133,"conditions":134,"keywords":137,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":144,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":145,"startDateStruct":147,"completionDateStruct":149,"leadSponsor":151,"locationsCount":50},"100610908","im-njection-pain-cold-spray-and-stress-ball-100610908","NCT07233694","IM İnjection-PAIN-Cold Spray and Stress Ball","The Effects of Cold Spray and Stress Ball Methods on Perceived Pain, Comfort, and Satisfaction During Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial","CSB-PAIN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAdults aged 18-65 years\n\nReceiving intramuscular injection\n\nVoluntarily agreed to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nSkin disease at the injection site\n\nAllergy to cold spray\n\nCognitive impairment preventing cooperation",true,"65 Years",{"count":131,"type":21},66,[24],"Brief Summary:\n\nIntramuscular (IM) injection is a widely used method for drug administration, with over 12 billion applications globally each year. Despite its therapeutic advantages, IM injection often causes pain, which can negatively impact patient comfort and lead to injection fear, non-compliance, and avoidance of healthcare services. Effective pain management during IM injection is an ethical and professional responsibility for nurses. This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effectiveness of cold spray and stress ball squeezing methods against standard practice in reducing IM injection-related pain. The study will be conducted in the emergency department of a university hospital in Turkey between March and June 2025, involving 66 patients prescribed IM diclofenac sodium. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: cold spray, stress ball, or control. Pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) within the first minute after injection.",[29,135,136],"Acute Pain","Injection Site",[138,139,140,141,142,143],"muscle intramuscular injection","Nursing","Nursing practice","Pain","stress ball","cold spray","2025-11-16",{"date":146,"type":42},"2025-11-18",{"date":148,"type":21},"2025-11-25",{"date":150,"type":21},"2025-12-10",{"name":152,"class":49},"Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi",{"id":154,"slug":155,"hasResults":11,"nctId":156,"briefTitle":157,"officialTitle":158,"acronym":159,"eligibilityCriteria":160,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":161,"maxAge":162,"enrollmentInfo":163,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":165,"briefSummary":167,"conditions":168,"keywords":171,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":175,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":176,"startDateStruct":178,"completionDateStruct":180,"leadSponsor":182,"locationsCount":50},"100537949","phase-4-ketamine-as-a-supplement-to-local-anesthesia-for-minor-procedures-100537949","NCT06284473","Ketamine as a Supplement to Local Anesthesia for Minor Procedures","Intranasal Ketamine as a Supplement to Local Anesthesia to Reduce Pain Associated With Minor Procedures in the Emergency Department","INK-MP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Undergoing Minor Procedure in the ED\n* Weight not to exceed 115kg\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Altered Mental Status\n* Pregnancy\n* Breastfeeding\n* Acute head or eye injury\n* Intercranial Hypertension\n* Hx of seizures\n* Hx of chronic pain\n* Unstable vital signs\n* Allergy to Ketamine\n* Hepatic or Renal Insufficiency\n* Hx of Psychiatric Illness\n* Hx of alcohol\u002Fdrug abuse","7 Years","70 Years",{"count":164,"type":21},108,[166],"PHASE4","This trial is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of adults and children (ages 7 to less than 70 years). Patients who present to the ED and who undergo minor bedside procedures that require local anesthesia will be divided into two groups: The first group will be treated with 0.7 mg\u002Fkg intranasal ketamine as well as standard local anesthesia for the procedure (treatment cohort). The second group will be treated with a volume-based dose of intranasal saline solution as well as standard local anesthesia for the procedure (control cohort). The primary aim is to assess whether patients in the treatment cohort report lower pain scores on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-100) when compared to patients in the control cohort. For adult patients, a secondary aim is to compare agitation between the two cohorts using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and, for pediatric patients, a secondary aim is to compare alertness between the two cohorts using the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS).\n\nResults obtained from specific procedures will be analyzed on a spectrum of complexity and general length of recovery time. Scientific achievements may include finding a safe and effective way to reduce pain and discomfort during minor procedures in the Emergency Department. Additionally, it would provide opportunities for more research on sub-dissociative doses of ketamine during minor procedures: a topic in which there is still a gap in the published research",[29,169,170],"Minor Laceration","Abscess",[172,173,174],"IN Ketamine","Sub-dissociative dose","Minor procedure","2025-09-30",{"date":177,"type":42},"2025-10-03",{"date":179,"type":42},"2022-05-25",{"date":181,"type":21},"2028-05-31",{"name":183,"class":49},"Loyola University",{"id":185,"slug":186,"hasResults":11,"nctId":187,"briefTitle":188,"officialTitle":189,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":190,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":191,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":193,"briefSummary":194,"conditions":195,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":210,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":211,"startDateStruct":213,"completionDateStruct":215,"leadSponsor":217,"locationsCount":50},"100569296","the-effects-of-endotracheal-suctioning-on-pain-and-serum-markers-100569296","NCT06692400","The Effects of Endotracheal Suctioning on Pain and Serum Markers","The Impact of Endotracheal Suctioning on Pain, Hypoxia, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Intubated Adult ICU Patients: A Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults (aged 18 years and older)\n* Current diagnosis of flu, pneumonia, COVID, or sepsis\n* Intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation.\n* Have arterial lines placed\n* Require endotracheal suctioning as part of their care\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients receiving neuromuscular blocking agents\n* Contraindications for blood draws (hemoglobin levels below 8.0 g\u002FdL; Jehovah's Witness)",{"count":192,"type":21},110,[24],"The goal of this experimental study is to understand if endotracheal tube (ETT) suctioning increases pain and causes stress on the body in intubated adult ICU patients. These patients are already on ventilators, which means they need suctioning to keep their airways clear, but this procedure may be uncomfortable and cause stress.\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\nDoes ETT suctioning raise pain levels as measured by the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)? Does ETT suctioning increase certain chemicals in the blood (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid) that show stress and lack of oxygen in the body? Researchers will compare patients who have ETT suctioning (intervention group) with those who do not have suctioning during the study period (control group) to see if there are differences in pain and blood markers of stress.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nHave pain measured before and after suctioning using the CPOT. Have blood samples taken from an existing line at three time points: 5 minutes before, 5 minutes after, and 30 minutes after suctioning.\n\nProvide demographic information (like age, gender, and diagnosis) from medical records.\n\nThis research will help improve how pain is managed for ICU patients who cannot speak for themselves, potentially leading to better pain relief methods in the future.",[196,197,198,199,200,29,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209],"Intensive Care Unit ICU","Intubation","Critical Illness","Mechanical Ventilation","Pain Measurement","Oxidative Stress","Hypoxia","Biomarkers \u002F Blood","Adult","Uric Acid","Sepsis","COVID","Influenza","Pneumonia","2025-05-19",{"date":212,"type":42},"2025-05-21",{"date":214,"type":42},"2025-01-30",{"date":216,"type":21},"2026-04",{"name":218,"class":49},"Loma Linda University",{"id":220,"slug":221,"hasResults":11,"nctId":222,"briefTitle":223,"officialTitle":224,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":225,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":226,"enrollmentInfo":227,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":229,"briefSummary":230,"conditions":231,"keywords":237,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":247,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":248,"startDateStruct":250,"completionDateStruct":252,"leadSponsor":254,"locationsCount":50},"100556058","evaluation-of-the-effectiveness-of-two-methods-of-regional-anesthesia-during-s-icd-implantation-procedure-100556058","NCT06520150","Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Two Methods of Regional Anesthesia During S-ICD Implantation Procedure.","Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Two Methods of Regional Anesthesia During Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator (SICD) Implantation Procedure.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* patients aged 18-90 years requiring S-ICD implantation for cardiac indications,\n* high risk of anesthesia (ASA II or higher), patients giving informed consent to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* absolute contraindications to regional anesthesia such as generalized coagulation disorders, inflammation at the site of anesthesia, allergy to the drugs used for regional anesthesia\n* lack of consent of the patient for the conducted procedure,\n* inability to cooperate with the patient - such as severe mental retardation, unregulated mental illness with motor agitation, advanced neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease\u002FAlzheimer's,\n* inability to give informed consent to participate in the study.","90 Years",{"count":228,"type":21},32,[24],"Our study consists of a combination of regional blockade ('local' anesthesia) of the anterior and lateral chest wall in the form of a thin needle prick and the supply of local anesthetic drugs to the area of the relevant chest wall structures to exclude all stimuli, including pain from the operative site. A short-acting analgesic and sedative drug will be administered intravenously throughout the procedure - in a dose that allows the required contact between the patient and the anesthetist. If necessary, the dose of the drug may be increased to maintain pain comfort throughout the procedure.\n\nThe anesthetic team will be with the patient throughout the procedure to ensure comfort and safety.",[232,29,233,30,234,235,236],"Chest Pain","Pain, Postoperative","Regional Anesthesia Morbidity","Anesthesia, Local","ICD",[238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246],"Superficial Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SSAP)","Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block (SPIP)","Pectoserratus Plane Blocks (PSP)","Regional anaesthesia","Subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (S-ICD)","thorax blockade","less invasive","implantation","pain treatment","2024-07-23",{"date":249,"type":42},"2024-07-25",{"date":251,"type":42},"2024-06-16",{"date":253,"type":21},"2025-12-01",{"name":255,"class":49},"4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Poland",{"id":257,"slug":258,"hasResults":11,"nctId":259,"briefTitle":260,"officialTitle":261,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":262,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":263,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":264,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":266,"briefSummary":267,"conditions":268,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":270,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":271,"startDateStruct":273,"completionDateStruct":275,"leadSponsor":277,"locationsCount":50},"100474448","rct-of-pain-perception-with-fast-and-slow-tenaculum-application-100474448","NCT05458037","RCT of Pain Perception With Fast and Slow Tenaculum Application","A Randomized Controlled Trial of Pain Perception With Fast and Slow Tenaculum Application to the Uterine Cervix","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. plans for IUD insertion or endometrial biopsy;\n2. 18 to 49 years of age;\n3. not taken analgesics or anxiolytics in the previous 24 hours;\n4. the ability and are willing to give informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Do not speak English unless interpreter present;\n2. Taken any narcotic or opiate medication in the last 24 hours.\n3. Taken any recreational or illegal drugs in the last 24 hours, such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, crack, or methamphetamines.\n4. Taken any anti-anxiety medication or drug in the last 24 hours.\n5. Taken any NSAIDS or Tylenol in the last 12 hours.","FEMALE",{"count":265,"type":21},150,[24],"This project will be a randomized controlled trial (RCT) measuring pain perception with two different tenaculum placement techniques on the uterine cervix. A tenaculum is an instrument used to hold the cervix (the opening to the uterus or womb) in place. The trial will measure pain perception with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 0 to 100 mm for two different tenaculum placement techniques, fast and slow closure on the uterine cervix. The main objective of this study is to determine if there is a difference in pain perception with fast compared to slow tenaculum placement techniques on the uterine cervix. We hypothesize that the slow technique will be perceived as less painful for subjects as measured on a 0 mm to 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Subsidiary objectives include describing overall pain levels during the procedure.",[269,29],"Pain, Acute","2024-05-01",{"date":272,"type":42},"2024-05-03",{"date":274,"type":42},"2020-09-29",{"date":276,"type":21},"2026-12",{"name":278,"class":49},"Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island"]