[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"pneumothorax\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:pneumothorax":26},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,16,0,[8,45,73,105,130,159,191,223,252,279,310,346,377,410,434,465],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":23,"conditions":24,"keywords":29,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":4,"leadSponsor":41,"locationsCount":44},"100054496","study-of-the-disease-process-of-lymphangioleiomyomatosis-100054496",false,"NCT00001465","Study of the Disease Process of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis","Characterization of the Pathogenesis of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nGeneral admission criteria for patients include one or both of the following:\n\nFindings on lung biopsy diagnostic of LAM;\n\nFindings on chest x-ray and\u002For chest computed axial tomography consistent with LAM.\n\nPatients with TSC and pulmonary LAM will be included in the study.\n\nNormal non-smokers in the control group are defined as individuals who have not smoked for greater than or equal to 1 year and have no systemic or pulmonary disease.\n\nNormal smokers defined as individuals with no systemic or pulmonary disease, who have smoked for greater than or equal to 1 year and have normal chest x-ray and normal pulmonary function tests may be included if needed as controls for a similar population of patients with LAM.\n\nPregnant and or nursing women can be included in accordance with Federal Regulations at Subpart B of 45 CFR 46 Subjects who are pregnant and or nursing will be excluded from procedures during their pregnancy that are greater than minimal risk, until they are no longer pregnant and\u002For nursing. Procedures that will not be completed while the subject is pregnant and\u002For nursing including: PFTs, Six Minute Walk Test, thoracentesis, bronchoscopy, and measurements with imaging modalities requiring contrast or with radiation exposure such as Chest x-ray, CT scan, MRI, bone densitometry (DEXA). Allowing subjects to be included in the study may glean important information about individuals with uncommon pulmonary disease during and post pregnancy.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nExclusion criteria for patients include:\n\nAge less than 16.\n\nAdvanced stage of a pulmonary or a systemic illness in which the risk of the study is judged to be significant even in the absence of a clear contraindication to the procedures.\n\nExclusion criteria for patients for the formal exercise study and the stress echocardiogram include patients on continuous oxygen. Patients may perform an exercise test that will assess the patient's exercise capacity with activities of daily living.","ALL","16 Years","100 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},2000,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a destructive lung disease typically affecting women of childbearing age. Currently, there is no effective therapy for the disease and the prognosis is poor.\n\nThis study is designed to determine the disease processes involved at the level of cells and molecules, in order to develop more effective therapy.\n\nResearchers intend to identify the proteins and genes that contribute to the process of lung destruction in affected individuals.",[25,26,27,28],"Lung Disease","Pneumothorax","Tuberous Sclerosis","Lymphangioleiomyomatosis",[30,31,32,26,27,33],"Smooth Muscle Proliferation","Bronchoscopy","Female","Natural History","RECRUITING","2026-06-23",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-06-24","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":38},"1995-12-18",{"name":42,"class":43},"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)","NIH",1,{"id":46,"slug":47,"hasResults":11,"nctId":48,"briefTitle":49,"officialTitle":50,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":51,"healthyVolunteers":52,"sex":16,"minAge":53,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":54,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":56,"conditions":57,"keywords":61,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":66,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":67,"startDateStruct":69,"completionDateStruct":4,"leadSponsor":71,"locationsCount":44},"100060545","genetic-analysis-of-birt-hogg-dube-syndrome-and-characterization-of-predisposition-to-kidney-cancer-100060545","NCT00033137","Genetic Analysis of Birt Hogg-Dube Syndrome and Characterization of Predisposition to Kidney Cancer","Birt-Hogg-Dub(SqrRoot)(Copyright) Syndrome: Characterization of the FLCN Disease Gene and Predisposition to Renal Cancer, Cutaneous Fibrofolliculoma and Pulmonary Cysts","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIndividuals that meet one or more of the following criteria:\n\n-Suspected or known to have phenotype or genotype suggestive of Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD), such as:\n\n--Individuals with at least one histologically confirmed fibrofolliculomas;\n\nor\n\n--Individuals with clinical evidence of multiple skin papules (without fibrofolliculoma biopsy confirmation) and a personal or family history of spontaneous pneumothorax\u002For kidney cancer;\n\nor\n\n--Individuals with spontaneous pneumothorax and skin papules or kidney cancer and a positive family history of spontaneous pneumothorax, skin papules or kidney cancer;\n\nor\n\n--Individuals with a known germline FLCN gene mutation\n\nOR\n\n-Renal tumor histology consistent with BHD, including, but not limited to those suggestive of chromophobe, hybrid oncocytic neoplasm or oncocytoma.\n\nOR\n\n* Are a relative (related by blood) of an individual with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of BHD.\n\n  -Participants must be \\>= 2 years of age.\n* For children less than 18 years of age, parental permission or legal guardian consent will be obtained.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nNone.",true,"2 Years",{"count":55,"type":21},950,"This study will investigate the genetic cause of Birt Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome and the relationship of this disorder to kidney cancer. BHD is a rare inherited condition characterized by papules, or bumps-benign tumors involving hair follicles-on the head and neck. People with BHD are at increased risk of developing kidney cancer. Scientists have identified the chromosome (strand of genetic material in the cell nucleus) that contains the BHD gene and the region of the gene on the chromosome. This study will try to learn more about:\n\n* The characteristics and type of kidney tumors associated with BHD\n* The risk of kidney cancer in people with BHD\n* Whether more than one gene causes BHD\n* The genetic mutations (changes) responsible for BHD\n\nIndividuals with known or suspected Birt Hogg-Dube syndrome, and their family members, may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a family history and review of medical records, including pathology reports for tumors, and films of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.\n\nParticipants may undergo various tests and procedures, including the following:\n\n* Physical examination\n* Review of personal and family history with a cancer doctor, cancer nurses, kidney surgeon, and genetic counselor\n* Chest and other x-rays\n* Ultrasound (imaging study using sound waves)\n* MRI (imaging study using radiowaves and a magnetic field)\n* CT scans of the chest and abdomen (imaging studies using radiation)\n* Blood tests for blood chemistries and genetic testing\n* Skin evaluation, including a skin biopsy (surgical removal of a small skin tissue sample for microscopic evaluation)\n* Cheek swab or mouthwash to collect cells for genetic analysis\n* Lung function studies\n* Medical photography of skin lesions\n\nThese tests will be done on an outpatient basis in either one day or over 3 to 4 days. When the studies are complete, participants will receive counseling about the findings and recommendations. Individuals with kidney lesions may be asked to return periodically, such as every 3 to 36 months, based on their individual condition, to document the rate of progression of the lesions.",[58,59,26,60],"Kidney Neoplasms","Kidney Cancer","FLCN Protein, Human",[26,62,63,64,65,33],"Kidney","Fibrofolliculoma","BHD","Neoplasms","2026-06-16",{"date":68,"type":38},"2026-06-17",{"date":70,"type":38},"2002-05-13",{"name":72,"class":43},"National Cancer Institute (NCI)",{"id":74,"slug":75,"hasResults":11,"nctId":76,"briefTitle":77,"officialTitle":78,"acronym":79,"eligibilityCriteria":80,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":82,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":85,"briefSummary":87,"conditions":88,"keywords":90,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":95,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":96,"startDateStruct":98,"completionDateStruct":100,"leadSponsor":102,"locationsCount":44},"100589779","16f-vs-24f-chest-drain-after-minimally-invasive-lobectomy-andor-segmentectomy-100589779","NCT06958848","16F vs 24F Chest Drain After Minimally Invasive Lobectomy and\u002For Segmentectomy","Comparison of 16F Versus 24F Chest Drain After Minimally Invasive Pulmonary Lobectomy and\u002For Segmentectomy: a Monocentre Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","ChestDrain","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Informed Consent signed by the patient (all sex and gender)\n* Patients' age from ≥ 18 to no age limit at time of study inclusion\n* American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I to IV\n* Patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) deemed operable by minimally invasive surgical technique.\n* Minimally invasive anatomical lung resections under general anaesthesia: lobectomy, lobectomy with wedge resection, lobectomy combined with segmentectomy, segmentectomy with wedge resection, bilobectomy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Previous thoracic surgery on the same side within 3 months\n* Lung cancer complicated with pleural empyema\n* Patients with chronic pain who receive opioids\u002Fgabapentin\u002Fpregabalin\n* Patients who consume opiates\u002Fbenzodiazepines\n* Congestive heart failure NYHA Class III or IV\n* Liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh Class B and C\n* Renal insufficiency requiring dialysis and\u002For estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \\\u003C30 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2\n* Patients with coagulopathy or bleeding disorders: von Willebrand disease, Hemophilia; Thrombocytopenia (\\\u003C50 G\u002Fl), requiring platelet transfusion\n* Patients with neuralgia\n* Chest pain (site of surgery) without taking painkillers, measured by VAS while coughing \\> 10 mm\n* Not consolidated rib fractures (in the last 3 months) on the side of surgical procedure\n* Open anatomical lung resection, including pneumonectomy\n* Insertion of 2 or more chest tubes\n* Need for patient controlled intravenous anaesthesia or patient controlled epidural anaesthesia\n* Patients intubated\u002Fsedated (not suitable due to difficulties to fill out the pain survey)","18 Years",{"count":83,"type":21},124,"INTERVENTIONAL",[86],"NA","The aim of the study is to evaluate postoperative pain in patients receiving a small-bore (16F) chest drain compared to those receiving the standard large-bore (24F) chest drain after minimally invasive pulmonary lobectomy and\u002For segmentectomy.",[26,89],"Pleural Effusion",[91,92,93,94],"Lung Surgery","Chest Drainage","Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Lobectomy","Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy","2026-04-30",{"date":97,"type":38},"2026-05-06",{"date":99,"type":38},"2025-05-01",{"date":101,"type":21},"2027-08-30",{"name":103,"class":104},"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","OTHER",{"id":106,"slug":107,"hasResults":11,"nctId":108,"briefTitle":109,"officialTitle":110,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":111,"healthyVolunteers":52,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":112,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":114,"conditions":115,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":123,"startDateStruct":124,"completionDateStruct":126,"leadSponsor":128,"locationsCount":44},"100591664","validation-and-clinical-utility-of-the-lung-sliding-index-lsi-for-differentiating-pulmonary-diseases-100591664","NCT06983366","Validation and Clinical Utility of the Lung Sliding Index (LSI) for Differentiating Pulmonary Diseases","Validation and Clinical Utility of the Lung Sliding Index (LSI) for Differentiating Pulmonary Diseases: A Prospective Case-Control Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years and older.\n* Diagnosed with one of the specified pulmonary diseases, or a healthy control\n* Able to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to tolerate or undergo a lung ultrasound\n* Extensive chest wall pathology precluding assessment\n* Unscorable \\>2 zones per protocol\n* Withdrawal of consent\n* Mechanically-ventilated patients",{"count":113,"type":21},700,"This upcoming case-control study aims to confirm the Lung Sliding Index (LSI), a new ultrasound score that measures how well the pleura moves, in various lung diseases. The study will check how well the LSI can tell apart different lung diseases (like pneumothorax, interstitial lung disease, COPD, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema), how it relates to signs of disease severity, and how consistent the results are between different operators who have received the same training. Secondary objectives include assessing patient and operator satisfaction and feasibility using validated Likert scales.",[116,117,118,26,119,120,121],"COPD","ILD","Bronchiectasis","Pneumonia","Pleural Effusion Disorder","Pulmonary Oedema","2026-04-26",{"date":95,"type":38},{"date":125,"type":38},"2025-05-30",{"date":127,"type":21},"2026-08-01",{"name":129,"class":104},"Assiut University",{"id":131,"slug":132,"hasResults":11,"nctId":133,"briefTitle":134,"officialTitle":135,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":136,"healthyVolunteers":52,"sex":16,"minAge":137,"maxAge":138,"enrollmentInfo":139,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":141,"conditions":142,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":150,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":151,"startDateStruct":153,"completionDateStruct":155,"leadSponsor":157,"locationsCount":44},"100619445","predicting-the-need-for-prolonged-respiratory-support-in-neonates-delivered-in-a-lower-level-nicu-setting-100619445","NCT07344714","Predicting the Need for Prolonged Respiratory Support in Neonates Delivered in a Lower-Level NICU Setting","Predicting Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates Delivered in a Lower-Level NICU Setting","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nBoth of the following:\n\n* Neonates born at 32 completed weeks gestational age or older whose deliveries are attended by the neonatal resuscitation team and for whom routine gastric suctioning is indicated\n* Neonates whose parents actively accepted or did not actively decline the Minnesota Research Authorization.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nAny one of the following:\n\n* Neonates with known or suspected congenital anomalies\n* Neonates for whom only comfort measures are planned or possible at time of delivery\n* Neonates whose parents actively declined the Minnesota Research Authorization.\n* Neonates with other identifiable causes of respiratory distress including pneumothorax, meconium aspiration syndrome, or pneumonia.","32 Weeks","41 Weeks",{"count":140,"type":21},500,"The purpose of this study is to analyze the gastric fluid aspirated from the stomachs of neonates receiving routine post-delivery care to predict the need for prolonged respiratory support (\\>6 hours of life).",[143,144,145,146,147,148,26,149],"Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn","Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infant","Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn","Meconium Aspiration Syndrome","Pneumonia Neonatal","Hyaline Membrane Disease","Respiratory Distress Neonatal","2026-03-16",{"date":152,"type":38},"2026-03-18",{"date":154,"type":38},"2026-03-11",{"date":156,"type":21},"2026-12-31",{"name":158,"class":104},"Mayo Clinic",{"id":160,"slug":161,"hasResults":11,"nctId":162,"briefTitle":163,"officialTitle":164,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":165,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":166,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":168,"briefSummary":169,"conditions":170,"keywords":173,"overallStatus":181,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":182,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":183,"startDateStruct":185,"completionDateStruct":187,"leadSponsor":189,"locationsCount":44},"100580802","ai-assisted-chest-x-ray-for-misplaced-endotracheal-and-nasogastric-tubes-and-pneumothorax-in-emergency-and-critical-care-settings-100580802","NCT06842043","AI-Assisted Chest X-Ray for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings","Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings","Inclusion Criteria for units:\n\n* Emergency critical care or intensive care units.\n* The units included the patients requiring chest X-rays due to endotracheal intubation, nasogastric tube insertion, or ventilator use with a risk of pneumothorax.\n\nExclusion Criteria for units:\n\n* The unit supervisor doesn't agree to participate in the trial.\n* The unit is unable to implement the AI-assisted system (e.g., no data connection or system support).\n\nInclusion Criteria for Patients:\n\n● Patients who are adults and require chest X-ray due to one of the following conditions: endotracheal intubation, nasogastric intubation, or the use of a ventilator with the potential to cause pneumothorax.\n\nExclusion Criteria for Patients: Patients in isolation wards or pediatric\n\n* Patients in isolation wards.\n* Patients in Infant Intensive Care Unit",{"count":167,"type":21},10900,[86],"Background Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have driven significant breakthroughs in computer-aided detection (CAD) for chest X-ray imaging. National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) research team previously developed an AI-based emergency Capstone CXR system (MOST 111-2634-F-002-015-, Capstone project), which led to the creation of a chest X-ray module. This chest X-ray module has an established model supported by extensive research and is ready for direct application in clinical trials without requiring additional model training. This study will utilize three submodules of the system: detection of misplaced endotracheal tubes, detection of misplaced nasogastric tubes, and identification of pneumothorax.\n\nObjective This study aims to apply a real-time chest X-ray CAD system in emergency and critical care settings to evaluate its clinical and economic benefits without requiring additional chest X-ray examinations or altering standard care and procedures. The study will evaluate the CAD system's impact on mortality reduction, post-intubation complications, hospital stay duration, workload, and interpretation time, alongside a cost-effectiveness comparison with standard care.\n\nMethods This study adopts a pilot trial and cluster randomized controlled trial design, with random assignment conducted at the ward level. In the intervention group, units are granted access to AI diagnostic results, while the control group continues standard care practices. Consent will be obtained from attending physicians, residents, and advanced practice nurses in each participating ward. Once consent is secured, these healthcare providers in the intervention group will be authorized to use the CAD system. Intervention units will have access to AI-generated interpretations, whereas control units will maintain routine medical procedures without access to the AI diagnostic outputs.\n\nResults The study was funded in September 2024. Data collection is expected to last from January 2025 to December 2027.\n\nConclusions This study anticipates that the real-time chest X-ray CAD system will automate the identification and detection of misplaced endotracheal and nasogastric tubes on chest X-rays, as well as assist clinicians in diagnosing pneumothorax. By reducing the workload of physicians, the system is expected to shorten the time required to detect tube misplacement and pneumothorax, decrease patient mortality and hospital stays, and ultimately lower healthcare costs.",[171,172,26],"Endotracheal Tube","Nasogastric Tube",[174,175,176,177,178,179,180],"Computer-aided detection system","Artificial intelligence","Pneumothorax diagnosis","Endotracheal tube","Nasogastric tube","Clinical effectiveness","Cost effectiveness","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-03-15",{"date":184,"type":38},"2026-03-17",{"date":186,"type":21},"2026-04-01",{"date":188,"type":21},"2027-12-31",{"name":190,"class":104},"National Taiwan University Hospital",{"id":192,"slug":193,"hasResults":11,"nctId":194,"briefTitle":195,"officialTitle":196,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":197,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":198,"enrollmentInfo":199,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":201,"briefSummary":202,"conditions":203,"keywords":206,"overallStatus":181,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":214,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":215,"startDateStruct":217,"completionDateStruct":219,"leadSponsor":221,"locationsCount":44},"100623339","safety-and-recovery-of-tubeless-strategy-in-uniportal-vats-wedge-resection-100623339","NCT07395349","Safety And Recovery Of Tubeless Strategy In Uniportal VATS Wedge Resection","Safety And Recovery Of Tubeless Strategy In Uniportal VATS Wedge Resection: A Single-Center, Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Based On Different Intraoperative Pleural Space Management Strategies","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age 18 to 80 years\n2. Scheduled to undergo uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) wedge resection\n3. Able to tolerate general anesthesia and single-lung ventilation\n4. Passed a standardized intraoperative water-seal air leak test, confirming absence of persistent air leak before chest closure\n5. Able and willing to provide written informed consent\n6. Able to complete postoperative assessments and 30-day follow-up\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Planned anatomical lung resection (segmentectomy or lobectomy) or combined complex thoracic procedures\n2. Extensive pleural adhesions, severe emphysema, bullous lung disease, or other conditions associated with high risk of air leak\n3. Positive intraoperative air leak test indicating persistent air leak\n4. Requirement for additional intraoperative procedures that may significantly affect pleural air leak or lung re-expansion\n5. Conversion to multiport VATS or thoracotomy before randomization\n6. Severe comorbidities or other conditions deemed by the investigators to make participation inappropriate\n7. Inability to complete follow-up or insufficient clinical data","80 Years",{"count":200,"type":21},300,[86],"Brief Summary\n\nThe goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and recovery outcomes of different tubeless strategies in adult patients undergoing uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) wedge resection who are confirmed to have no persistent air leak intraoperatively.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes double intraoperative aspiration tubeless strategy reduce the rate of postoperative pleural re-intervention within 30 days compared with single intraoperative aspiration tubeless strategy?\n\nDo different intraoperative pleural space management strategies affect early postoperative recovery quality and pain?\n\nIf there is a comparison group:\n\nResearchers will compare conventional chest tube drainage, single intraoperative aspiration tubeless, and double intraoperative aspiration tubeless strategies to determine their effects on postoperative pleural re-intervention and recovery outcomes.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nUndergo uniportal VATS wedge resection\n\nReceive a standardized intraoperative air leak test before chest closure\n\nBe randomly assigned intraoperatively to one of three pleural space management strategies\n\nComplete postoperative assessments including chest imaging, pain evaluation, and recovery quality questionnaires\n\nBe followed for 30 days after surgery for safety outcomes",[204,26,205],"Pulmonary Nodule","Postoperative Complications",[207,208,209,210,211,212,213],"Uniportal VATS","Wedge Resection","Tubeless","Intraoperative Aspiration","Chest Tube Drainage","Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)","Lung Re-expansion","2026-02-06",{"date":216,"type":38},"2026-02-09",{"date":218,"type":21},"2026-02-28",{"date":220,"type":21},"2026-10-01",{"name":222,"class":104},"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University",{"id":224,"slug":225,"hasResults":11,"nctId":226,"briefTitle":227,"officialTitle":228,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":229,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":230,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":232,"briefSummary":233,"conditions":234,"keywords":239,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":243,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":244,"startDateStruct":246,"completionDateStruct":248,"leadSponsor":250,"locationsCount":44},"100568824","evaluation-of-the-efficacy-of-diagnostic-support-algorithms-in-chest-x-rays--luana-trial-100568824","NCT06686251","Evaluation of the Efficacy of Diagnostic Support Algorithms in Chest X-rays- LuAna Trial","Evaluation of the Efficacy of Diagnostic Support Algorithms in Chest X-rays - LungAnalysis (LuAna): LuAna Stepped Wedge Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Non-reported chest X-rays (XRts) of individuals aged over 18 years.\n* Individuals images with respiratory complaints.\n* Chest X-rays taken during the presence of these respiratory symptoms or while being followed up for respiratory disease.\n* Chest X-rays taken on any X-ray machine.\n* Chest X-rays that include at least one frontal view of the chest.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Those whose chest X-ray was performed due to a history of trauma, pre-operative risk assessment, lung cancer screening, or exclusively for verifying the correct positioning of a peripheral intravenous catheter (PICC).\n* Chest X-rays with technical quality below the minimum required for proper interpretation and diagnosis.\n* Cases without at least one frontal view.\n* X-rays printed on regular paper.",{"count":231,"type":21},1470,[86],"This study aims to evaluate whether the use of AI as a physician support tool is associated with an increase in the detection rate of chest radiographic findings in adults with respiratory complaints, compared to diagnosis performed exclusively by doctors, without AI support. This is a cluster-randomized clinical trial, following the stepped wedge design, and adhering to the guidelines of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT). In this study, the Diagnostic Support Solution for Chest X-rays - LungAnalysis (LuAna), developed by the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) within the PROADI-SUS Banco de Imagens, was used.\n\nThe clinical trial will be conducted in multiple centers with a diverse population from the public health system, to ensure that the algorithms are validated across a broad demographic profile. The expected benefits are significant, providing greater security for patients, increasing doctors' confidence in interpreting chest X-rays, promoting efficiency and cost savings for healthcare services, and offering promising prospects for other AI applications in imaging diagnostics.",[235,236,89,26,237,238],"Consolidation","Lung Injury","Cardiomegaly","Edema Lung",[240,241,242],"Artificial Intelligence","Chest X-ray","Stepped wedge trial","2026-01-29",{"date":245,"type":38},"2026-02-02",{"date":247,"type":38},"2026-01-05",{"date":249,"type":21},"2026-12-01",{"name":251,"class":104},"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein",{"id":253,"slug":254,"hasResults":11,"nctId":255,"briefTitle":256,"officialTitle":257,"acronym":258,"eligibilityCriteria":259,"healthyVolunteers":52,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":260,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":262,"briefSummary":263,"conditions":264,"keywords":268,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":243,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":272,"startDateStruct":273,"completionDateStruct":275,"leadSponsor":277,"locationsCount":44},"100542231","ct-guided-lung-biopsy-risk-optimization-method-100542231","NCT06340178","CT-guided Lung Biopsy Risk Optimization Method","CT-guided Lung Biopsy Risk Optimization Method - Effect of Fluid Application in the Pleural Cavity and the Gravitational Effect of Pleural Pressure","BROM-I","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Ability to provide informed consent (knowledge of project languages), \\>18 years.\n* Indeterminate or suspicious lung lesion unsuitable for transbronchial biopsy or Status after unsuccessful transbronchial biopsy\n* Indication for biopsy given by referring specialist (in patients).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preintervention bleeding into the pleural cavity\n* More than 1 lesion should be biopsied at the same time\n* Infiltration of the thoracic wall\n* Pregnancy",{"count":261,"type":21},198,[86],"The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to evaluate the extent to which injection of a small amount of fluid in the pleural cavity at the biopsy site may reduce the risk of pneumothoraces, in addition to patient positioning to allow biopsy in gravity-dependent areas of the lung.",[26,265,266,267],"Biopsy, Needle","Risk Factors","Radiology, Interventional",[269,266,270,271,26],"Image-Guided Biopsy","Tomography","Biopsy",{"date":245,"type":38},{"date":274,"type":38},"2025-09-29",{"date":276,"type":21},"2027-04-01",{"name":278,"class":104},"Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern",{"id":280,"slug":281,"hasResults":11,"nctId":282,"briefTitle":283,"officialTitle":284,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":285,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":286,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":288,"briefSummary":289,"conditions":290,"keywords":296,"overallStatus":181,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":301,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":302,"startDateStruct":304,"completionDateStruct":306,"leadSponsor":307,"locationsCount":44},"100617511","comparison-of-chest-tube-wound-closure-comparison-between-purse-string-method-and-plug-method-100617511","NCT07319572","Comparison of Chest Tube Wound Closure: Comparison Between Purse String Method and Plug Method.","Optimizing Chest Tube Removal: A Comparison of Purse-string Suture Closure and Plug Method.","Inclusion criteria :\n\n1. All patients \\>18 years of age\n2. Patients undergoing chest tube insertion for traumatic causes including Pneumothorax, hemothorax and hemopneumothorax.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n1. Previous ipsilateral thoracic surgery\n2. Patients with large wounds necessitating suture closure\n3. Patients with bleeding disorders",{"count":287,"type":21},246,[86],"This prospective, comparative clinical study evaluates two techniques of chest tube wound closure-purse-string suture and the simple suture\u002Fplug method-to determine differences in cosmetic outcomes, wound complications, and overall patient satisfaction following chest tube removal. The study aims to identify the closure technique that provides optimal wound healing with fewer postoperative complications.",[26,291,292,293,294,295],"Hemothorax","Chest Tube","Chest Tube Removal","Purse String","Plug Method",[297,298,299,26,300],"Purse-string","Plug method","Chest tube","hemothorax","2025-12-19",{"date":303,"type":38},"2026-01-06",{"date":305,"type":21},"2026-01-01",{"date":156,"type":21},{"name":308,"class":309},"Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences","OTHER_GOV",{"id":311,"slug":312,"hasResults":11,"nctId":313,"briefTitle":314,"officialTitle":315,"acronym":316,"eligibilityCriteria":317,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":318,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":4,"briefSummary":320,"conditions":321,"keywords":325,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":337,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":338,"startDateStruct":340,"completionDateStruct":342,"leadSponsor":344,"locationsCount":44},"100594393","feasibility-study-of-novice-performed-lung-ultrasound-for-pneumothorax-detection-after-cardiac-surgery-100594393","NCT07018856","Feasibility Study of Novice-Performed Lung Ultrasound for Pneumothorax Detection After Cardiac Surgery","The CLEAR Vanguard Feasibility Study: Comparative Evaluation of Novice-Performed Lung Ultrasound Versus Chest X-Ray for Pneumothorax Detection Post-Chest Tube Removal in Cardiac Surgery Patients","CLEARVGRD","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older\n* Undergoing cardiac surgery\n* Scheduled for chest and\u002For mediastinal chest tube removal in the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Severe chronic lung disease that may impair lung ultrasound interpretation, including:\n* Subcutaneous emphysema\n* COPD or emphysema with FEV₁ \\\u003C 50% predicted\n* Interstitial lung disease with FEV₁ \\\u003C 75% predicted\n* Documented history of pneumothorax prior to chest tube removal requiring intervention\n* Mechanical ventilation at the time of eligibility screening\n* Inability to undergo lung ultrasound or chest X-ray (e.g., due to hemodynamic instability or positioning limitations)",{"count":319,"type":21},120,"What is the purpose of this study? This study is being done to find out if medical trainees (such as residents and fellows) can learn to use lung ultrasound to detect a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) after heart surgery.\n\nWho is participating in the study? Adults who have recently had heart surgery and are having their chest tubes removed in the intensive care unit may be able to join.\n\nWhat will happen during the study? After chest tubes are removed, a trained medical trainee will use a small ultrasound device to check the lungs at the bedside. The patient will also have a chest X-ray, which is the usual test. The results from the ultrasound will be compared to the chest X-ray and reviewed by expert doctors.\n\nWhat is the goal of the study? The goal is to see if it is possible to train medical trainees to use lung ultrasound safely and accurately in real hospital settings. The results will help plan a larger study in the future.",[26,322,323,293,324],"Cardiac Surgery","Lung Ultrasound","Postoperative Complications (Cardiopulmonary)",[323,326,293,322,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336],"Pneumothorax Detection","Point-of-Care Ultrasound","Postoperative Complication","Bedside Ultrasound","Novice Sonographer","Diagnostic Accuracy","Feasibility Study","Critical Care Ultrasound","Trainee-Performed Ultrasound","Chest X-Ray","Medical Education","2025-12-17",{"date":339,"type":38},"2025-12-24",{"date":341,"type":38},"2025-09-16",{"date":343,"type":21},"2027-02",{"name":345,"class":104},"Jacobo Moreno Garijo",{"id":347,"slug":348,"hasResults":11,"nctId":349,"briefTitle":350,"officialTitle":351,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":352,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":353,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":355,"briefSummary":356,"conditions":357,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":368,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":369,"startDateStruct":371,"completionDateStruct":373,"leadSponsor":375,"locationsCount":44},"100557458","clinical-utility-of-portable-dynamic-chest-x-ray-ddr-in-the-icu-100557458","NCT06538376","Clinical Utility of Portable Dynamic Chest X Ray (DDR) in the ICU","Clinical Utility of Portable Dynamic Chest X-Ray (DDR) in the ICU: Clinical Trial to Demonstrate the Feasibility of Deploying DDR Technology in the ICU - A Study to Prove Its Increased Diagnostic Value","Inclusion Criteria: Participants must meet all the following inclusion criteria to participate in this study:\n\n* Adults (at least 18 years of age) including both intubated\u002Fventilated and non-intubated patients\n* Likely to have pathology related to either, abnormal diaphragmatic excursion and lung aeration, pulmonary perfusion, increased lung water content or all the above, as well as for cricopharyngeal dysfunction\u002Fswallowing difficulties at risk for aspiration.\n* The subject or a legally authorized representative has provided written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria: Candidates meeting any of the exclusion criteria at baseline will be excluded from study participation. These criteria are:\n\n* Special populations, including women with known pregnancy, prisoners, or institutionalized individuals\n* Patients where additional radiation is clinically contraindicated\n* Care team does not provide assent for approaching patient\u002Fsurrogate\n* For women of child-bearing potential, defined as premenopausal women, a pregnancy test will be administered to determine pregnancy status and confirm eligibility for the study. A pregnancy test will NOT be administered to women who are post-menopausal or have documentation of surgical sterilization.",{"count":354,"type":21},230,[86],"Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) is a new advanced version of chest radiography that captures dynamic images at a rate of 15 frames per second. It is coupled with an analytical software that allows it to provide more advanced measures of lung motion, ventilation, and perfusion compared to traditional chest radiography. While implementation of DDR fixed machines are beginning elsewhere in the US, this trial involves the first applications of an FDA-approved portable DDR machine, for use at the bedside in the ICU.\n\nThe goal of this clinical trial is to determine the feasibility and safety of portable DDR technology in the ICU, as well as to evaluate the improved clinical diagnostic value of the portable DDR system over current standards of care.\n\nParticipants will receive one to three sets of DDR images, which will then be compared to their clinical gold standard exams (such as chest x-rays, CTs, or VQ scans) to assess and improve the precision and accuracy of measurements such as diaphragmatic motion, lung movement, and perfusion.",[358,119,359,89,360,361,362,363,364,365,291,26,366,367],"Pulmonary Edema","Atelectasis","Acute Rejection of Lung Transplant (Disorder)","Airway Obstruction","Rib Fractures","Acute Copd Exacerbation","Asthma COPD","Pulmonary Embolism","Mesothelioma","Diaphragmatic Paralysis","2025-10-28",{"date":370,"type":38},"2025-10-29",{"date":372,"type":38},"2023-12-12",{"date":374,"type":21},"2027-11",{"name":376,"class":104},"Brigham and Women's Hospital",{"id":378,"slug":379,"hasResults":11,"nctId":380,"briefTitle":381,"officialTitle":382,"acronym":383,"eligibilityCriteria":384,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":198,"enrollmentInfo":385,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":386,"briefSummary":387,"conditions":388,"keywords":398,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":401,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":402,"startDateStruct":404,"completionDateStruct":406,"leadSponsor":408,"locationsCount":44},"100609205","intraoperative-paravertebral-block-and-postoperative-complications-100609205","NCT07211529","Intraoperative Paravertebral Block and Postoperative Complications","Perioperative Paravertebral Block Reduces Postoperative Complications in Thoracic Surgery: An Observational Study","IPVB and POCs","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male or female participants aged 18 years or older.\n2. Scheduled to undergo thoracic surgery via Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) or Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (RATS), including wedge resection, segmentectomy, lobectomy, or mediastinal surgery.\n3. Signed informed consent obtained prior to study participation. -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients who refuse to provide informed consent.\n2. Anesthesiologists who have not received training in ultrasound-guided paravertebral block (PVB-US).\n3. History of ipsilateral thoracic surgery.\n4. Conversion to open thoracotomy during the procedure.\n5. Patients who did not complete the scheduled surgery due to disease progression or medical reasons.\n6. Patients who are lost to follow-up or refuse postoperative follow-up. -",{"count":140,"type":21},[86],"This study aims to evaluate the clinical association between intraoperative paravertebral block and the reduction of postoperative complications following thoracic surgery.",[389,390,391,392,393,359,394,26,395,396,397],"Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)","Lung Cancer (Diagnosis)","Pulmonary Infections","Respiratory Failure Without Hypercapnia","Pleural Effusion Due to Another Disorder (Disorder)","Bronchospasm","Pulmonary Embolism (Diagnosis)","Bronchopleural Fistula","Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)",[399,400,205],"Paravertebral Block (PVB)","Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)","2025-09-30",{"date":403,"type":38},"2025-10-08",{"date":405,"type":38},"2025-03-25",{"date":407,"type":21},"2028-12-31",{"name":409,"class":104},"Tongji Hospital",{"id":411,"slug":412,"hasResults":11,"nctId":413,"briefTitle":414,"officialTitle":414,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":415,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":416,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":418,"briefSummary":419,"conditions":420,"keywords":422,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":424,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":425,"startDateStruct":427,"completionDateStruct":429,"leadSponsor":431,"locationsCount":44},"100558228","feasibility-and-accuracy-of-a-novel-pleural-drain-gas-analyzer-in-detecting-air-leaks-100558228","NCT06548386","Feasibility and Accuracy of a Novel Pleural Drain Gas Analyzer in Detecting Air Leaks","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients who are scheduled for thoracic surgery and expected to have chest tube placed\n2. For patients who are unable to sign consent, but meet all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria, a legally appointed representative (LAR) will be allowed to sign consent for that patient\n3. Patients that provide informed consent for the study\n4. Patients \\>18 years old\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients with hemodynamic instability\n2. Pregnant patients\n3. Prisoners\n4. Individuals who are not yet adults",{"count":417,"type":21},33,[86],"The goal of this study is to assess the clinical feasibility of a novel, reusable, low cost gas analyzer that detects breath in chest drains in order to diagnose and heal air leaks. The investigators have developed prototype gas analyzers that attach to the outlet of any analog chest drain, and can be connected temporarily to the sampling port. They detect breath by measuring CO2, O2, and pressure, in order to supplement the information provided by the bubbles in the water seal.",[421,26],"Air Leak From Lung",[423],"alveolopleural fistula","2025-09-02",{"date":426,"type":38},"2025-09-09",{"date":428,"type":38},"2025-02-05",{"date":430,"type":21},"2026-06",{"name":432,"class":433},"Lung Healing Technologies Inc","INDUSTRY",{"id":435,"slug":436,"hasResults":11,"nctId":437,"briefTitle":438,"officialTitle":439,"acronym":440,"eligibilityCriteria":441,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":442,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":444,"briefSummary":446,"conditions":447,"keywords":451,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":456,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":457,"startDateStruct":459,"completionDateStruct":461,"leadSponsor":463,"locationsCount":44},"100572313","phase-2-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-in-pleurodesis-100572313","NCT06731647","Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pleurodesis","Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pleurodesis Surgery for Pneumothorax","KETOTHORAX","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age≥18-year-old\n* pneumothorax with an indication of pleurodesis\n* with or without minimal lung resection\n* via thoracotomy or thoracoscopy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Minor patient\n* Pregnant, parturient or breast-feeding patient\n* Severe polytrauma (associated with the presence of a Vittel criterion)\n* Purulent pleurisy\n* Hemopneumothorax\n* Lactose hyper sensibility\n* Contraindications to NSAID\n* Contraindications to tramadol\n* Contraindications to paracetamol\n* Curative anticoagulation\n* Patients under guardians or deprived of their liberty\n* Patient refusal",{"count":443,"type":21},358,[445],"PHASE2","Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended in a multimodal pain management to reduce pain intensity and to spare opioid use. However, there is a controversy in its use in pleurodesis surgery as it could block the process of pleurodesis in surgical pneumothorax. In addition, NSAIDs could increase the risk of pneumothorax recurrence.\n\nThe investigators hypothesized that NSAIDs are safe during pleurodesis with a better pain management without increasing the risk of pneumothorax reccurence.",[448,449,26,450],"Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs","Pleurodesis","Pain Management",[452,453,454,455],"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","pleurodesis","pneumothorax","pain management","2025-03-18",{"date":458,"type":38},"2025-03-19",{"date":460,"type":38},"2025-02-01",{"date":462,"type":21},"2028-11",{"name":464,"class":104},"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens",{"id":466,"slug":467,"hasResults":11,"nctId":468,"briefTitle":469,"officialTitle":470,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":471,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":472,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":84,"phases":474,"briefSummary":475,"conditions":476,"keywords":477,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":481,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":482,"startDateStruct":484,"completionDateStruct":486,"leadSponsor":488,"locationsCount":44},"100555663","evaluation-of-the-feasibility-safety-and-efficacy-of-single-use-endobronchial-silicon-spigots-for-the-treatment-of-refractory-pneumothorax-100555663","NCT06515015","Evaluation of the Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Single-use Endobronchial Silicon Spigots for the Treatment of Refractory Pneumothorax","Exploratory, Single-Group, Single-Center Clinical Study to Evaluate the Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Single-use Endobronchial Silicon Spigots for the Treatment of Refractory Pneumothorax","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subjects must meet all of the following criteria to be enrolled:\n\n  1. Male or female, aged ≥18 years;\n  2. Patients with various types of pneumothorax who still have persistent air leaks after continuous intercostal drainage for 7 days;\n  3. After evaluation by the researcher, the subject is feasible for the bronchoscopic procedure of selective bronchial occlusion to treat refractory pneumothorax, and the responsible bronchus can be determined by the balloon detection;\n  4. Voluntarily participate in this trial and sign an informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subjects with any of the following conditions cannot be selected:\n\n  1. Allergic to silicone materials;\n  2. Contraindications for bronchoscopy:\n\n     * Myocardial infarction within the past month;\n     * Active massive hemoptysis;\n     * Platelet count \\\u003C20×10\\^9\u002FL;\n     * Pregnancy;\n     * Malignant arrhythmias, unstable angina, severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, hypertensive crisis, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, intracranial hypertension, acute cerebrovascular events, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, severe mental illness, and extreme systemic exhaustion, etc.\n  3. Uncontrolled acute pulmonary infection or severe chronic infection at the intended occlusion lobes or segments;\n  4. Obvious hemodynamic instability or unstable respiratory failure;\n  5. The responsible bronchus cannot be determined by balloon detection;\n  6. The researcher believes that the patient has other conditions that are not suitable for inclusion in this study.",{"count":473,"type":21},10,[86],"Study Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the disposable endobronchial silicon spigots for treating refractory pneumothorax and to preliminarily assess its efficacy, providing domestic experience for the development and clinical application of bronchial occlusion.\n\nStudy Population: Patients intended to receive selective bronchial occlusion technology for the treatment of refractory pneumothorax.\n\nSample Size: This study is a preliminary exploration of the application value of the disposable endobronchial silicon spigots occlusion technology in refractory pneumothorax. The sample size has not been strictly calculated, and it is expected to include 10 patients.\n\nStudy Design: This study is an exploratory, single-group, single-center clinical study.",[26],[26,478,479,480],"spigots","air leakage","bronchial occlusion","2024-08-14",{"date":483,"type":38},"2024-08-15",{"date":485,"type":21},"2024-08",{"date":487,"type":21},"2026-08",{"name":489,"class":433},"Hangzhou Broncus Medical Co., Ltd."]