[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"refractive-surgery\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:refractive-surgery":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,7,0,[8,41,68,94,124,143,170],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":13,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":14,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":15,"minAge":16,"maxAge":17,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":22,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":28,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":29,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":30,"startDateStruct":33,"completionDateStruct":35,"leadSponsor":37,"locationsCount":40},"100635217","measuring-the-changes-of-the-intraocular-pressure-after-corneal-laser-refractive-surgery-using-different-techniques-100635217",false,"NCT07549815","Measuring the Changes of the Intraocular Pressure After Corneal Laser Refractive Surgery Using Different Techniques","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 19 and 35 years old\n* Myopia range from (-2.00 to -6.00 Diopter) .\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Kertoconus.\n* Corneal scarring.\n* Previous corneal infections.\n* Minimum corneal thickness at the thinnest location less than 400 µm.\n* History of uveitis or ocular allergy.\n* Pre-existing glaucoma.","ALL","19 Years","35 Years",{"count":19,"type":20},50,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[23],"NA","To evaluate the changes that occur in the intraocular pressure after corneal refractive surgery either PRK , LASIK and femtosecond laser by using Corvis CT results and applanation tonometer",[26,27],"Intraocular Pressure","Refractive Surgery","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-04-17",{"date":31,"type":32},"2026-04-24","ACTUAL",{"date":34,"type":20},"2026-04-20",{"date":36,"type":20},"2027-01-16",{"name":38,"class":39},"Tanta University","OTHER",1,{"id":42,"slug":43,"hasResults":11,"nctId":44,"briefTitle":45,"officialTitle":45,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":46,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":15,"minAge":47,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":48,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":50,"phases":4,"briefSummary":51,"conditions":52,"keywords":55,"overallStatus":58,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":59,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":60,"startDateStruct":62,"completionDateStruct":64,"leadSponsor":66,"locationsCount":40},"100629962","outcomes-of-cataract--refractive-procedures-100629962","NCT07481487","Outcomes of Cataract & Refractive Procedures","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients who have undergone a refractive procedure\n* Adult patients who have undergone a cataract procedure with implantation of an intraocular lens\n* Age ≥ 18 years old\n* Patient able to consent for their pseudonymised data to be used for research purposes\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* NONE","18 Years",{"count":49,"type":20},150,"OBSERVATIONAL","The primary objective of the database is to retrospectively analyse the visual and refractive outcomes of cataract and refractive procedures in order to continuously assess outcomes and also compare outcomes between the different IOLs, or the different refractive procedures.",[53,27,54],"Visual Correction","Cataract Surgery",[56,57],"cataract","IOL","RECRUITING","2026-03-13",{"date":61,"type":32},"2026-03-18",{"date":63,"type":32},"2025-04-15",{"date":65,"type":20},"2026-10-31",{"name":67,"class":39},"Vision Care Collective Limited",{"id":69,"slug":70,"hasResults":11,"nctId":71,"briefTitle":72,"officialTitle":72,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":73,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":15,"minAge":47,"maxAge":74,"enrollmentInfo":75,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":77,"briefSummary":78,"conditions":79,"keywords":80,"overallStatus":58,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":85,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":86,"startDateStruct":88,"completionDateStruct":90,"leadSponsor":92,"locationsCount":40},"100604231","clinical-application-research-of-5-degree-005-d-precision-optometry-in-corneal-refractive-surgery-100604231","NCT07146828","Clinical Application Research of 5-Degree (0.05 D) Precision Optometry in Corneal Refractive Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. The diopter is relatively stable (the diopter increases within -0.50D per year for 2 consecutive years);\n2. Age: 18 to 40 years old;\n3. Optimal preoperative corrected visual acuity \\>= 4.8;\n4. More than 2 weeks for soft contact lenses and more than 3 months for hard contact lenses before surgery\n5. Patients who are willing to perform SMILE surgery\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients with history of eye surgery and trauma;\n2. Patients with keratoconus tendency;\n3. systemic connective tissue diseases and autoimmune diseases;\n4. Patients with high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease history;\n5. Other eye disease history such as uveitis, scleritis and other eye inflammation patients;\n6. Patients with scar constitution.","40 Years",{"count":76,"type":20},600,[23],"In recent years, the incidence of myopia has been high globally and is exhibiting a rapid upward trend, with projections estimating it will reach 49.8% by 2050. Corneal refractive surgery has become a primary method for correcting myopia, demonstrating significant efficacy and favorable safety. However, studies indicate that overcorrection or undercorrection can occur following refractive surgery. Reports have shown that three months post-SMILE surgery, 20% of eyes had residual refractive errors ≥ 0.50 D, and 6% had errors ≥ 1.00 D. We hypothesize that this may be related to imprecise preoperative refraction, subsequently affecting postoperative visual quality.\n\nDue to limitations in lens manufacturing precision, the widely used increment for sphere correction remains 0.25 D. However, this may prevent some patients from achieving their optimal corrected state. Studies have reported that 95% of individuals are sensitive to diopter changes below 0.25 D, and 44% can distinguish changes smaller than 0.125 D. Other research suggests that adjusting spherical power in 0.05 D increments yields better corrected visual acuity. Furthermore, scholars have reported that 0.05 D precision refraction can significantly improve the red-green balance test rate, enabling myopic patients to achieve better visual quality. Therefore, improving refraction precision could provide patients with superior visual outcomes.\n\nCurrently, the Binocular Wavefront Optometry Machine (BWFOM, Ai-Zhitong Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China) can perform objective and subjective refraction with 0.05 D increments for both sphere and cylinder correction, while also separately measuring higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and lower-order aberrations (LOAs). Given the scarcity of research on the outcomes of 0.05 D refraction for SMILE and FS-LASIK procedures, this study aims to evaluate visual acuity, aberrations, and refractive status in patients following SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery. The primary objective is to investigate whether preoperative 0.05 D precision refraction using the BWFOM can enhance postoperative visual quality for SMILE and FS-LASIK patients.",[27],[81,82,83,84],"Corneal refractive surgery","SMILE","FS-LASIK","0.05 D precision refraction","2025-08-26",{"date":87,"type":32},"2025-08-28",{"date":89,"type":32},"2025-01-01",{"date":91,"type":20},"2026-10-01",{"name":93,"class":39},"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University",{"id":95,"slug":96,"hasResults":11,"nctId":97,"briefTitle":98,"officialTitle":99,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":100,"healthyVolunteers":101,"sex":15,"minAge":102,"maxAge":103,"enrollmentInfo":104,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":106,"briefSummary":107,"conditions":108,"keywords":109,"overallStatus":58,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":114,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":115,"startDateStruct":117,"completionDateStruct":119,"leadSponsor":121,"locationsCount":40},"100442129","contoura-vs-wfo-ablation-prk--lasik-100442129","NCT05037370","CONTOURA vs WFO Ablation PRK & LASIK","Topography-guided vs. Wavefront Optimized Corneal Refractive Surgery: A Prospective Contralateral Randomized Double-masked Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Meet requirements for PRK or LASIK i.e., Stable \\\u003C= .5 D change MRSE)\n* DOD beneficiaries age 21-50 years\n* Local pts (w\u002Fi 60 mi) who will be in the area for at least 6 months post surgery\n* Willing to complete all required follow-up visits\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* No meeting requirements for PRK or LASIK\n* Desiring monovision treatment\n* Anisometropia \\>2D spherical equivalent\n* Prior ocular surgeries \u002F trauma \u002F problem\n* History of dry eyes\n* Hyperopia\n* Mixed astigmatism\n* Inability to capture VARIO topolyzer scans\n* Pregnant (or who plans to be within 6 months after surgery)\n* Breastfeeding any time during the study\n* History of herpetic disease",true,"21 Years","50 Years",{"count":105,"type":20},400,[23],"This is a prospective randomized contralateral double-masked study. Each patient will be randomized as to which eye undergoes wave-front optimized (WFO) vs. wave-front guided (WFG) during Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or Laser-assisted in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery to determine which ablation profile provides the best visual outcome.",[27],[110,111,112,113],"Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)","Laser-assisted in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)","Wave-Front Optimized (WFO)","Topography guided ablation","2025-08-11",{"date":116,"type":32},"2025-08-14",{"date":118,"type":32},"2021-04-22",{"date":120,"type":20},"2026-12-31",{"name":122,"class":123},"59th Medical Wing","FED",{"id":125,"slug":126,"hasResults":11,"nctId":127,"briefTitle":128,"officialTitle":128,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":129,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":15,"minAge":47,"maxAge":74,"enrollmentInfo":130,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":131,"briefSummary":132,"conditions":133,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":58,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":135,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":136,"startDateStruct":138,"completionDateStruct":140,"leadSponsor":141,"locationsCount":142},"100591621","clinical-study-of-smile-40-visulyze-in-correcting-refractive-errors-100591621","NCT06982807","Clinical Study of SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE in Correcting Refractive Errors","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. The diopter is relatively stable (the diopter increases within -0.50D per year for 2 consecutive years);\n2. Age: 18 to 40 years old;\n3. Optimal preoperative corrected visual acuity ≥4.8;\n4. More than 2 weeks for soft contact lenses and more than 3 months for hard contact lenses before surgery\n5. Patients who are willing to perform SMILE surgery\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients with history of eye surgery and trauma;\n2. Patients with keratoconus tendency;\n3. systemic connective tissue diseases and autoimmune diseases;\n4. Patients with high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease history;\n5. Other eye disease history such as uveitis, scleritis and other eye inflammation patients;\n6. Patients with scar constitution.",{"count":76,"type":20},[23],"The aim of this study is to further optimize the surgical input parameters for patients undergoing Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) using the regression model established by the SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE system, thereby achieving satisfactory postoperative refractive outcomes.\n\nIn this study, patients scheduled for SMILE surgery at the investigators' hospital will be divided into two groups: a conventional group, where the input parameters are adjusted based on historical experience according to the patient's refractive error, and a 4.0-VISULYZE group, where the input parameters are optimized using the SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE system.\n\nThe investigators will compare the postoperative outcomes between the two groups, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical power, cylindrical power, spherical equivalent (SE), and the proportions of patients achieving postoperative visual acuity ≥0.8, ≥1.0, and ≥1.2 at 1 day, 10 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year post-surgery. Additionally, the investigators will evaluate the proportions of patients with postoperative SE within ±0.50D and ±1.0D, as well as postoperative cylindrical power within ±0.50D and ±1.0D, to assess the efficacy and safety of the SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE system in treating refractive errors.",[27,134],"Myopia; Refractive Error","2025-05-22",{"date":137,"type":32},"2025-05-28",{"date":139,"type":32},"2024-11-01",{"date":120,"type":20},{"name":93,"class":39},2,{"id":144,"slug":145,"hasResults":11,"nctId":146,"briefTitle":147,"officialTitle":148,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":149,"healthyVolunteers":101,"sex":15,"minAge":150,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":151,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":153,"briefSummary":154,"conditions":155,"keywords":157,"overallStatus":58,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":160,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":161,"startDateStruct":163,"completionDateStruct":165,"leadSponsor":167,"locationsCount":40},"100564174","evaluate-the-safety-and-effectiveness-of-the-accurasee-iopcl-for-secondary-implantation-in-the-capsular-bag-to-improve-near-andor-intermediate-vision-following-previous-cataract-surgery-100564174","NCT06625749","Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the AccuraSee™ IOPCL for Secondary Implantation in the Capsular Bag to Improve Near and\u002For Intermediate Vision Following Previous Cataract Surgery","Early Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the AccuraSee™ IOPCL for Secondary Implantation in the Capsular Bag to Improve Near and\u002For Intermediate Vision Following Previous Cataract Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAll ocular eligibility criteria refer to the study (non-dominant) eye only unless otherwise noted.\n\n1. Subjects aged 22 years and older.\n2. Subjects who have had cataract surgery with an Alcon monofocal intraocular lens model SN60WF, SA60WF, or SA60AT (with a lens power from 10.0D to 30.0D), or Johnson and Johnson monofocal lens model ZCB00 (with a lens power from 10.0D to 26.0D), or Zeiss monofocal lens model CT LUCIA 602 (with a lens power from 10.0D to 19.0D) clearly evidenced by photographic documentation with one of the following: patient medical record, clinic chart with labeling attached, surgical record with labeling attached, or patient identification card with make, model, power and serial number.\n3. Subjects who have had cataract surgery at least 6 months from the planned date of IOPCL surgery.\n4. Subjects who require a reading add of +1.50 to +2.50 to achieve an BCNVA of 20\u002F32 or better.\n5. Subjects with uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) 20\u002F50 or worse.\n6. Subjects with best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) 20\u002F25 or better in both eyes.\n7. Subjects with uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) 20\u002F25 or better in fellow eye.\n8. Subjects with best corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA) 20\u002F32 or better.\n9. Subjects with a manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) in the study eye between +0.25D and +1.50D.\n10. Subjects with \\\u003C1D of refractive cylinder determined by keratometry readings.\n11. Subjects with a minimum endothelial cell count of 1800 cells\u002Fmm2.\n12. Subjects with a tear break up time (TBUT) ≥ 7 seconds.\n13. Subjects with a documented monovision tolerance, or who have successfully completed a 1-week contact lens trial prior to implantation with the IOPCL.\n14. For subjects who are contact lens wearers, discontinuation of lens usage prior to the preoperative visit (at least 2 weeks for subjects using soft contact lenses and at least 3 weeks for hard or rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses) except as required to test monovision acceptance.\n15. For subjects who are contact lens wearers, two central keratometry readings with regular mires and two manifest refractions taken at least one week apart (keratometry values must not differ by more than ±0.50D in either principal meridian in the eye to be treated).\n16. Subjects able to comprehend and sign a statement of informed consent.\n17. Subjects willing and able to complete all required postoperative visits.\n18. Subjects willing to abstain from pursuing any other refractive surgery for the duration of the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Subjects who have had cataract surgery with other than a monofocal posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL).\n2. Subjects who have had previous laser refractive surgery.\n3. Subjects who have had cataract surgery with an Alcon monofocal intraocular lens model SN60WF, SA60WF, or SA60AT (with a lens power below 10.0D or greater than 30.0D), or Johnson and Johnson monofocal intraocular lens model ZCB00 (with a lens power below 10.0D or greater than 26.0D) or Zeiss monofocal lens model CT LUCIA 602 (with a lens power below 10.0D or greater than 19.0D).\n4. Subjects who were treated with a PCIOL in a manner that is not consistent with the labeling, contraindications, or indications for use statement.\n5. Subjects whose continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis is less than 4.5 mm or more than 6.0 mm in size at the time of the preoperative visit.\n6. Subjects who have had a Nd:YAG capsulotomy less than 1 month prior to the planned date of the IOPCL surgery.\n7. Subjects with a mesopic non-dilated pupil of greater than 5.5mm.\n8. Subjects with a mesopic dilated pupil of less than 7.0 mm.\n9. Subjects who have 1D or more of refractive cylinder determined by keratometry readings.\n10. Subjects who had cataract surgery less than 6 months from the planned date of the IOPCL surgery.\n11. Subjects whose PCIOL is substantially decentered (\\> 1.0 mm).\n12. Subjects with anterior capsule fibrosis and phimosis that, in the opinion of the investigator, may confound the outcome or increase the risk to the subject (e.g., excessive capsule contraction potentially obstructing the visual axis or causing late secondary complications to the PCIOL such as pseudophacodenesis and IOL tilt, decentration, or dislocation due to zonular laxity, weakness or dehiscence).\n13. Subjects with capsular instability.\n14. Subjects with an anterior capsular defect.\n15. Subjects with posterior capsular defect \\\u003C 0.5 mm from the edge of the existing IOL (caused by Nd:YAG capsulotomy).\n16. Subjects with a tear or rent in the anterior or posterior capsule.\n17. Subjects with any corneal pathology that is either progressive or sufficient to reduce BCDVA to 20\u002F25 or worse.\n18. Subjects with any corneal abnormality, other than regular corneal astigmatism, that prevents accurate assessment of fluorescein tear break up time or, in the opinion of the investigator, would confound the outcome(s) of the study.\n19. Subjects with active moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction.\n20. Subjects with clinically severe corneal dystrophy (e.g., epithelial, stromal, or endothelial dystrophy).\n21. Subjects with diagnosed degenerative visual disorders (e.g., macular degeneration or other retinal disorders) that would reduce BCDVA to 20\u002F25 or worse.\n22. Subjects with recurrent severe anterior or posterior segment inflammation of unknown etiology.\n23. Subjects with microphthalmos.\n24. Subjects with previous retinal detachment.\n25. Subjects with diabetic retinopathy.\n26. Subjects with iris neovascularization.\n27. Subjects with a history of steroid-responsive rise in intraocular pressure (IOP), uncontrolled glaucoma or preoperative IOP \\>21 mmHg.\n28. Subjects with amblyopia in either eye.\n29. Subjects who have current or historical significant binocular muscle imbalances or intermittent tropias and\u002For fail the cover test.\n30. Subjects who fail to demonstrate normal perception at near (33 cm) on the Worth 4 Dot Binocular Test for binocular function (using best corrected visual acuity).\n31. Subjects who fail to demonstrate at least gross stereopsis (i.e., pinching fly's wings in front of test booklet) with best corrected visual acuity on the Titmus Stereo Test (at near).\n32. Subjects with a fundus not visible.\n33. Subjects with aniridia.\n34. Subjects with optic nerve atrophy.\n35. Subjects with damaged or incomplete zonules.\n36. Subjects with inadequate anterior leaflet coverage of the PCIOL (defined as less than 0.5 mm of anterior leaflet of capsule above where the haptics will reside).\n37. Subjects with damage to the PCIOL.\n38. Subjects with a known history of pseudoexfoliation, or pseudoexfoliation diagnosed at the preoperative visit or prior to IOPCL implantation.\n39. Subjects with acute, chronic or uncontrolled systemic or ocular disease that in the opinion of the investigator would increase the operative risk or confound the outcome(s) of the study.\n40. Subjects taking medications that, in the opinion of the investigator, may confound the outcome or increase the risk to the subject (tamsulosin hydrochloride (Flomax)) or taking other medications with similar side effects (floppy iris syndrome).\n41. Subjects participating in any other ophthalmic drug or device trial during the time of this investigation.\n42. Subjects who are pregnant or nursing women; or women of child bearing age not using medically acceptable contraceptives.\n43. Subjects with certain occupational and environmental visual demands (i.e. piloting an airplane, working on and operating dangerous machinery) in the opinion of the investigator would increase the post-operative risk.","22 Years",{"count":152,"type":20},10,[23],"This is a study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the AccuraSee™ intraocular pseudophakic capsular lens (IOPCL) to improve near and\u002For intermediate vision following previous cataract surgery.",[27,156],"Refractive Error - Myopia",[158,159],"IOPCL","Refractive error","2024-10-01",{"date":162,"type":32},"2024-10-03",{"date":164,"type":32},"2024-09-23",{"date":166,"type":20},"2026-03",{"name":168,"class":169},"OnPoint Vision Inc","INDUSTRY",{"id":171,"slug":172,"hasResults":11,"nctId":173,"briefTitle":174,"officialTitle":174,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":175,"healthyVolunteers":101,"sex":15,"minAge":47,"maxAge":176,"enrollmentInfo":177,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":50,"phases":4,"briefSummary":179,"conditions":180,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":58,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":181,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":182,"startDateStruct":184,"completionDateStruct":186,"leadSponsor":187,"locationsCount":40},"100550545","analysis-of-ocular-surface-microbiota-in-dry-eye-patients-after-femtosecond-laser-assisted-in-situ-keratomileusis-fs-lasik-100550545","NCT06448468","Analysis of Ocular Surface Microbiota in Dry Eye Patients After Femtosecond Laser-assisted In-situ Keratomileusis (FS-LASIK)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age ≥ 18 years old;\n2. Stable refractive index (refractive index change less than 0.5D in the past 2 years);\n3. The best corrected far vision (CDVA) is 1.0 or better;\n4. Postoperative dry eye patients need to meet the following criteria: Patient's Eye Surface Disease Index (OSDI) ≥ 13 and two of the following three criteria are met: Tear film rupture time (BUT) ≤ 10S Schirmer I test (mm\u002F5min) ≤ 10mm, corneal fluorescein sodium staining exceeding 5 spots;\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of eye trauma or surgery;\n2. Suspected keratoconus;\n3. Previously suffering from other eye diseases such as keratitis or edema, glaucoma, uveitis, retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.;\n4. Preoperative history of severe dry eye disease;\n5. Patients with systemic diseases, such as hyperthyroidism or autoimmune diseases; Or severe mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression;","45 Years",{"count":178,"type":20},200,"By using 16S rRNA sequencing technology to analyze the changes in ocular surface microbiota before and after surgery, as well as the impact of changes in ocular surface microbiota on FS-LASIK induced DES, new treatment ideas are provided for corneal FS-LASIK induced DES patients, and the incidence of FS-LASIK related DES is reduced.",[27],"2024-07-29",{"date":183,"type":32},"2024-07-31",{"date":185,"type":32},"2024-05-01",{"date":139,"type":20},{"name":188,"class":39},"Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University"]