[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"satiety\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:satiety":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,9,0,[8,50,78,109,131,148,164,181,197],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":13,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":14,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":32,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":39,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":40,"startDateStruct":43,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100636963","slowly-digestible-carbohydrates-for-glp-1-secretion-100636963",false,"NCT07572513","Slowly Digestible Carbohydrates for GLP-1 Secretion","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Healthy population\n2. BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg\u002Fm2\n3. Adults 18 - 45 years old\n4. Men or women\n5. Able to read\u002Fspeak English\n6. Fasting blood glucose levels ≤100 mg\u002FdL\n7. HbA1c ≤ 5.7%\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Participants with 18 \\> Years of Age \\> 45 will be excluded.\n2. Subjects with 18.5 kg\u002Fm² \\> BMI \\> 24.9 kg\u002Fm² will be excluded.\n3. Diabetic individuals will be excluded.\n4. Individuals with history of gastrointestinal disease will be excluded from the study.\n5. Pregnant or nursing women will also be excluded.\n6. Individuals taking GLP-1 medications, or on weight-loss diets or restrictive eating patterns.\n7. Individuals suffering from dairy or gluten intolerance or allergies will be excluded.",true,"ALL","18 Years","45 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},19,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","The goal of this clinical trail is to learn if the hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is stimulated by slowly digestible carbohydrates (SDCs) in healthy adults. In the current study, researchers will observe the amount of SDC that results in clinically meaningful levels of GLP-1, shown by an increase in feelings of fullness and a decrease in hunger, and how long an elevated level of GLP-1 lasts after starch consumption. Researchers aim to address two questions: What amount of SDC maximizes GLP-1-mediated satiety, and does the impact to satiety continue in a second meal? The overall goal is to maximize ileal-digesting SDC's potential use as a food-based agent for weight loss.\n\nResearchers will compare 20, 40, and 60 g of raw corn starch compared to a maltodextrin control on total plasma GLP-1 concentrations, insulin, and blood glucose at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post-consumption of SDC. Researchers will also measure satiety at baseline, 60, 120, 180 minutes and after a second meal.\n\nThere will be a total of 4 study visits with a least a 7-day break between visits. At each study visit, participants will:\n\n* Consume a randomized test beverage (SDC or maltodextrin)\n* Receive a blood draw at 7 timepoints over 3 hrs\n* Take a satiety questionnaire 5 times over 3 hrs\n* Consume a standardized lunch 3 hrs after the test beverage consumption",[27,28,29,30,31],"Blood Glucose","GLP-1","Satiety","Second Meal Intake","Healthy Participant Study",[28,33,34,35,29,36,37,27],"Slowly-Digestible Starch","Ileal-Digesting Starch","Dietary Starch","Starch","raw corn starch","RECRUITING","2026-05-01",{"date":41,"type":42},"2026-05-07","ACTUAL",{"date":39,"type":21},{"date":45,"type":21},"2026-11-25",{"name":47,"class":48},"Purdue University","OTHER",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":11,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":56,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":57,"enrollmentInfo":58,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":60,"briefSummary":61,"conditions":62,"keywords":64,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":70,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":71,"startDateStruct":73,"completionDateStruct":74,"leadSponsor":76,"locationsCount":49},"100636307","effect-of-lemon-juice-and-apple-cider-vinegar-on-postprandial-blood-glucose-and-satiety-in-healthy-individuals-100636307","NCT07563985","Effect of Lemon Juice and Apple Cider Vinegar on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Satiety in Healthy Individuals","The Effect of Lemon Juice and Apple Cider Vinegar on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Satiety in Healthy Individuals","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy male and female volunteers aged 18-35 years\n* Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 25.0 kg\u002Fm²\n* Willingness to provide written informed consent\n* Ability to comply with study procedures and fasting requirements\n* No history of chronic metabolic, gastrointestinal, or endocrine diseases\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of any chronic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders)\n* Food allergies or intolerances to study foods (white bread, lemon juice, apple cider vinegar)\n* BMI \\\u003C18.5 or \\>25.0 kg\u002Fm²\n* Regular participation in high-intensity physical activity (≥5 days\u002Fweek)\n* Current or recent (past 3 months) smoking or smoking cessation\n* Use of any medication or supplements affecting glucose metabolism\n* History of eating disorders\n* Pregnancy, lactation, or menopause\n* Female participants currently in menstruation period (testing will be postponed during menstruation days)\n* Alcohol consumption within 24 hours prior to testing days\n* Caffeine intake or major dietary changes on the day before testing","35 Years",{"count":59,"type":21},15,[24],"This clinical study aims to examine how acidic drinks (lemon juice and apple cider vinegar) affect blood sugar when consumed with a starchy food. The study focuses on healthy individuals and aims to understand whether these drinks can slow the rise in blood sugar after meals and affect feelings of fullness.\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\nDo lemon juice or apple cider vinegar lower the rise in blood sugar after a meal? Do these drinks increase feelings of fullness? Do different amounts change their effects?\n\nResearchers will compare lemon juice and apple cider vinegar to see which one is more effective.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nConsume white bread in the morning on an empty stomach with one of the following drinks:\n\nWater only Water with lemon juice (50 g or 100 g) Water with apple cider vinegar (10 g or 20 g) Have a one-week break between each test. Have their blood sugar measured at regular intervals for 3 hours after eating. Report their level of fullness using a simple scale.\n\nThis study explores whether simple and practical dietary choices can help manage blood sugar levels. The findings may support new, easy-to-apply nutrition strategies for managing diabetes and weight.",[29,63],"Postprandial Glycemia",[65,66,67,68,29,69],"Lemon Juice","Apple Cider Vinegar","Glycemic Response","Starch Hydrolysis","Postprandial Glucose","2026-04-26",{"date":72,"type":42},"2026-05-04",{"date":39,"type":21},{"date":75,"type":21},"2026-07-01",{"name":77,"class":48},"Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University",{"id":79,"slug":80,"hasResults":11,"nctId":81,"briefTitle":82,"officialTitle":83,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":84,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":85,"maxAge":86,"enrollmentInfo":87,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":89,"briefSummary":90,"conditions":91,"keywords":95,"overallStatus":98,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":102,"completionDateStruct":104,"leadSponsor":106,"locationsCount":49},"100622949","a-clinical-trial-to-determine-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-an-origin-satiety-complex-on-self-reported-hunger-and-satiety-in-healthy-adults-100622949","NCT07390266","A Clinical Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of an Origin Satiety Complex on Self-reported Hunger and Satiety in Healthy Adults","A Randomized, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over Clinical Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of an Origin Satiety Complex on Self-reported Hunger and Satiety in Healthy Adults","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Males \\& females 21 - 50 years of age, inclusive\n2. BMI between 18.5 - 29.9 kg\u002Fm²\n3. Females not of child-bearing potential, defined as those who have undergone a sterilization procedure (e.g. hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, complete endometrial ablation) or have been post-menopausal for at least 1 year prior to screening Or,\n\n   Individuals of child-bearing potential must have a negative baseline urine pregnancy test and agree to use a medically approved method of birth control for the duration of the study. All hormonal birth control must have been in use for a minimum of three months. Acceptable methods of birth control include:\n   * Hormonal contraceptives including oral contraceptives, hormone birth control patch (Ortho Evra), vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing), injectable contraceptives (Depo-Provera, Lunelle), or hormone implant (Norplant System)\n   * Double-barrier method\n   * Intrauterine devices\n   * Non-heterosexual lifestyle and agrees to use contraception if planning on changing to heterosexual partner(s)\n   * Vasectomy of partner at least 6 months prior to screening\n   * Abstinence and agrees to use contraception if planning on becoming sexually active during the study\n4. Willingness to complete questionnaires, records, and diaries associated with the study and to complete all clinic visits\n5. Agrees to maintain current lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity, medications, supplements, and sleep) as much as possible throughout the study\n6. Agrees to consume the standardized dinner the night prior to study visits and comply with fasting requirements\n7. Agrees to avoid alcohol consumption in the 24 hours prior to clinic visits and caffeine consumption and physical exercise on the morning of each study visit\n8. Provided voluntary, written, informed consent to participate in the study\n9. Healthy as determined by medical history as assessed by the Qualified Investigator (QI)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Individuals who are pregnant, breast feeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study\n2. Allergy, sensitivity, intolerance, or dietary restriction preventing consumption of investigational product, placebo, or standardized meal ingredients\n3. Poor venous access as assessed by the QI\n4. Following a specific diet (e.g., vegetarian, paleo, ketogenic, carnivore, etc.), as assessed by the QI\n5. Unstable metabolic disease or chronic diseases as assessed by the QI\n6. Current or history of any significant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as assessed by the QI\n7. Current or history of eating disorders or restricted eating as assessed by the QI\n8. Unstable hypertension. Treatment on a stable dose of medication for at least 3 months will be considered by the QI (See Section 7.3)\n9. Type I or Type II diabetes\n10. Significant cardiovascular event in the past 6 months. Participants with no significant cardiovascular event on stable medication may be included after assessment by the QI on a case-by-case basis\n11. History of or current diagnosis with kidney and\u002For liver diseases as assessed by the QI on a case-by-case basis, with the exception of history of kidney stones in participants who are symptom free for 6 months\n12. Self-reported confirmation of current or pre-existing thyroid condition. Treatment on a stable dose of medication for at least 3 months will be considered by the QI\n13. Major surgery in the past 3 months or individuals who have planned surgery during the course of the study. Participants with minor surgery will be considered on a case-by-case basis by the QI\n14. Gastric bypass surgery or other surgeries to induce weight loss\n15. Cancer, except skin basal cell carcinoma completely excised with no chemotherapy or radiation with a follow up that is negative. Volunteers with cancer in full remission for more than five years after diagnosis are acceptable\n16. Individuals with an autoimmune disease or are immune compromised as assessed by the QI\n17. Self-reported confirmation of a HIV-, Hepatitis B- and\u002For C-positive diagnosis as assessed by the QI\n18. Self-reported confirmation of blood\u002Fbleeding disorders as assessed by the QI\n19. Self-reported confirmation of hypercalcemia and\u002For hypercalciuria diagnosis, as assessed by the QI\n20. Use of medical cannabinoid products\n21. Chronic use of cannabinoid products (\\>2 times\u002Fweek). Occasional users will be required to washout and abstain for the duration of the study period\n22. Regular use of tobacco or nicotine products in the past six months, as assessed by the QI. Occasional users will be required to washout and abstain for the duration of the study period\n23. Alcohol intake average of \\>2 standard drinks per day as assessed by the QI\n24. Alcohol or drug abuse within the last 12 months\n25. Current use of prescribed and\u002For over-the-counter (OTC) medications, supplements, and\u002For consumption of food\u002Fdrinks that may impact the safety and\u002For efficacy of the investigational product (Sections 7.3.1 and 7.3.2)\n26. Participation in other clinical research studies 30 days prior to baseline, as assessed by the QI\n27. Individuals who are unable to give informed consent\n28. Any other condition or lifestyle factor, that, in the opinion of the QI, may adversely affect the participant's ability to complete the study or its measures or pose significant risk to the participant","21 Years","50 Years",{"count":88,"type":21},30,[24],"The goal of this clinical trial is to the safety and efficacy of the investigational product (IP), Origin Satiety Complex, on hunger and satiety in healthy adults. The main question it aims to answer is what is the difference in the net incremental area under the curve (niAUC) for self-reported postprandial hunger and satiety (T = 0 - T = 10.5 h), as assessed by satiety and hunger items of the Eating Behavior Visual Analog Scales (VAS), between the IP and placebo.",[92,93,29,94],"High BMI","Hunger","Healthy Adults",[96,97],"Vora Life","Origin Satiety Complex","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-01-28",{"date":101,"type":42},"2026-02-05",{"date":103,"type":21},"2026-03",{"date":105,"type":21},"2026-04",{"name":107,"class":108},"Vora Life LLC","INDUSTRY",{"id":110,"slug":111,"hasResults":11,"nctId":112,"briefTitle":113,"officialTitle":113,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":114,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":115,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":117,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":119,"briefSummary":120,"conditions":121,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":123,"startDateStruct":125,"completionDateStruct":127,"leadSponsor":129,"locationsCount":49},"100369918","effects-of-watermelon-consumption-on-satiety-and-digestive-health-100369918","NCT04096586","Effects of Watermelon Consumption on Satiety and Digestive Health","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Generally healthy subjects\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smoker\n* Pregnant woman\n* Required dietary supplement use\n* Required medication of metabolic disorders\n* Allergy to watermelon","10 Years","55 Years",{"count":118,"type":21},80,[24],"The objective of the proposed research is to determine the effects of watermelon (fruit and rind blenderized) on satiety, metabolic markers, bowel habits, microbiome and weight management in children and adults",[29],"2026-01-16",{"date":124,"type":42},"2026-01-21",{"date":126,"type":42},"2019-08-01",{"date":128,"type":21},"2028-12-31",{"name":130,"class":48},"San Diego State University",{"id":132,"slug":133,"hasResults":11,"nctId":134,"briefTitle":135,"officialTitle":135,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":136,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":137,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":139,"briefSummary":140,"conditions":141,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":142,"startDateStruct":143,"completionDateStruct":145,"leadSponsor":147,"locationsCount":49},"100359273","effects-of-fresh-mango-pulp-consumption-on-satiety-and-cardiometabolic-health-100359273","NCT03957928","Effects of Fresh Mango Pulp Consumption on Satiety and Cardiometabolic Health","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-55 years old\n* BMI 27-40\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smoker\n* Pregnant woman\n* Required dietary supplement use\n* Required medication of metabolic disorders\n* Allergy to mango or gluten",{"count":138,"type":21},50,[24],"The objective of the study is to determine the effects of fresh mango pulp consumption on satiety and metabolic parameters in overweight\u002Fobese adults.",[29],{"date":124,"type":42},{"date":144,"type":42},"2019-03-01",{"date":146,"type":21},"2028-12",{"name":130,"class":48},{"id":149,"slug":150,"hasResults":11,"nctId":151,"briefTitle":152,"officialTitle":152,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":153,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":154,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":156,"briefSummary":157,"conditions":158,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":159,"startDateStruct":160,"completionDateStruct":162,"leadSponsor":163,"locationsCount":49},"100359171","effects-of-snack-types-on-acute-glucose-and-insulin-response-100359171","NCT03956602","Effects of Snack Types on Acute Glucose and Insulin Response","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-55 years old\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smoker\n* Pregnant woman\n* Required dietary supplement use\n* Required medication of metabolic disorders\n* Allergy to nuts or gluten (wheat)",{"count":155,"type":21},160,[24],"The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of different type of snack consumption on postprandial satiety, glucose, insulin, antioxidant capacity and anxiety in healthy subjects.",[29],{"date":124,"type":42},{"date":161,"type":42},"2018-01-15",{"date":146,"type":21},{"name":130,"class":48},{"id":165,"slug":166,"hasResults":11,"nctId":167,"briefTitle":168,"officialTitle":168,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":169,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":170,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":172,"briefSummary":173,"conditions":174,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":175,"startDateStruct":176,"completionDateStruct":178,"leadSponsor":180,"locationsCount":49},"100314953","effects-of-fresh-watermelon-consumption-on-satiety-and-cardiometabolic-health-100314953","NCT03380221","Effects of Fresh Watermelon Consumption on Satiety and Cardiometabolic Health","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-55 years old\n* BMI 25-40\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smoker\n* Pregnant woman\n* Required dietary supplement use\n* Required medication of metabolic disorders\n* Allergy to watermelon or gluten",{"count":171,"type":21},40,[24],"The goal of the proposed study is to determine the effects of fresh watermelon fruit consumption on satiety, metabolic parameters and weight management.",[29],{"date":124,"type":42},{"date":177,"type":42},"2017-09-15",{"date":179,"type":21},"2028-12-30",{"name":130,"class":48},{"id":182,"slug":183,"hasResults":11,"nctId":184,"briefTitle":185,"officialTitle":185,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":186,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":187,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":189,"briefSummary":190,"conditions":191,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":192,"startDateStruct":193,"completionDateStruct":195,"leadSponsor":196,"locationsCount":49},"100314618","effects-of-mixed-nut-consumption-on-satiety-and-weight-management-100314618","NCT03375866","Effects of Mixed Nut Consumption on Satiety and Weight Management","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-55 years old\n* BMI 27-40\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smoker\n* Pregnant woman\n* Required dietary supplement use\n* Required medication of metabolic disorders\n* Allergy to nuts or gluten",{"count":188,"type":21},56,[24],"The first goal of the proposed study is to determine acute and long-term effects of mixed nuts (almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and peanuts) on metabolic parameters and weight management. While numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of nuts on promoting negative energy balance and weight loss, mechanistic studies exploring how the inclusion of nuts in the diet promotes a negative energy balance and weight loss have not been conducted. The second goal is to determine the mechanisms by which mixed nut consumption regulates of food intake and body weight.",[29],{"date":124,"type":42},{"date":194,"type":42},"2016-12",{"date":146,"type":21},{"name":130,"class":48},{"id":198,"slug":199,"hasResults":11,"nctId":200,"briefTitle":201,"officialTitle":202,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":203,"healthyVolunteers":15,"sex":16,"minAge":204,"maxAge":205,"enrollmentInfo":206,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":208,"briefSummary":209,"conditions":210,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":215,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":216,"startDateStruct":218,"completionDateStruct":220,"leadSponsor":222,"locationsCount":49},"100597342","effects-of-protein-supplementation-on-brain-function-100597342","NCT07057245","Effects of Protein Supplementation on Brain Function","Effects of Daily Protein Supplementation on Brain Function in Older Adults With Overweight or Obesity","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Men and women, aged between 60-75 years (older adults)\n* BMI between 25-35 kg\u002Fm2 (overweight or obese)\n* Fasting plasma glucose \\\u003C 7.0 mmol\u002FL\n* Fasting serum total cholesterol \\\u003C 8.0 mmol\u002FL\n* Fasting serum triacylglycerol \\\u003C 4.5 mmol\u002FL\n* Systolic blood pressure \\\u003C 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure \\\u003C 100 mmHg\n* Stable body weight (weight gain or loss \\\u003C 3 kg in the past three months)\n* Willingness to give up being a blood donor from 8 weeks before the start of the study, during the study and for 4 weeks after completion of the study\n* No difficult venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Intolerant to milk products or fava bean allergy\n* Vegetarians\n* Left-handedness\n* Current smoker, or smoking cessation \\\u003C 12 months\n* Diabetic patients\n* Familial hypercholesterolemia\n* Abuse of drugs\n* More than 3 alcoholic consumptions per day\n* Use of products or dietary supplements known to interfere with the main outcomes as judged by the principal investigators\n* Use medication to treat blood pressure, lipid, or glucose metabolism\n* Use of an investigational product within another biomedical intervention trial within the previous 1-month\n* Severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis\n* Active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident\n* Contra-indications for MRI imaging (e.g., pacemaker, surgical clips\u002Fmaterial in body, metal splinter in eye, claustrophobia)","60 Years","75 Years",{"count":207,"type":21},25,[24],"Protein-rich foods may improve brain insulin-sensitivity, which is important for cognitive and metabolic health, and may also translate into an improved food intake regulation. It is therefore pertinent to delineate the effects of plant-derived proteins, which are a more sustainable alternative to animal-derived proteins, on brain insulin-sensitivity and related functional benefits. The hypothesis is that daily plant-derived or animal-derived protein supplementation improves brain vascular function and insulin-sensitivity, thereby improving cognitive performance and appetite control in overweight or obese older men and women.\n\nThe primary objective is to investigate in overweight or obese older adults the effect of daily protein supplementation for two weeks with either a plant-derived protein or an animal-derived protein on vascular function and insulin-sensitivity in the brain, while changes in cognitive performance and appetite-related brain reward activity will also be evaluated (secondary study objectives). Cerebral blood flow responses before (brain vascular function) and after the administration of intranasal insulin spray (brain insulin-sensitivity) will be quantified by the gold standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-perfusion method Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL).",[211,212,29,213,214],"Brain Vascular Function","Cognitive Function","Cerebral Blood Flow","Brain Insulin Sensitivity","2025-06-30",{"date":217,"type":42},"2025-07-09",{"date":219,"type":21},"2025-07-02",{"date":221,"type":21},"2025-12-31",{"name":223,"class":48},"Maastricht University Medical Center"]