[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"sternotomy\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:sternotomy":30},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,7,0,[8,54,77,104,139,169,194],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":42,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":43,"startDateStruct":46,"completionDateStruct":48,"leadSponsor":50,"locationsCount":53},"100637800","multimodal-fascial-plane-block-for-postoperative-analgesia-in-isolated-cabg-surgery-100637800",false,"NCT07587320","Multimodal Fascial Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Isolated CABG Surgery","Effect of Induction-Time Multimodal Fascial Plane Block on Postoperative Analgesia and Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","BLOCKCABG","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 80 years\n* Scheduled for elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with saphenous vein graft harvesting\n* ASA physical status II-IV\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known coagulopathy or contraindication to regional anesthesia\n* Use of anticoagulant therapy precluding regional block\n* Known allergy to local anesthetics\n* Local infection at planned block sites\n* Chronic opioid use or chronic pain syndrome\n* Emergency surgery\n* Redo sternotomy\n* Severe neurological disorder affecting pain assessment","ALL","18 Years","80 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},56,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","Postoperative pain following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via median sternotomy remains a significant clinical problem and is associated with increased opioid consumption and postoperative complications. Fascial plane blocks have emerged as part of multimodal analgesia strategies in cardiac surgery.\n\nThis prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded study aims to evaluate the effect of an induction-time multimodal fascial plane block package-consisting of bilateral superficial parasternal block, bilateral serratus anterior plane block, and adductor canal block-on postoperative analgesia, opioid consumption, and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing elective isolated CABG with saphenous vein graft harvesting.\n\nPatients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the multimodal fascial plane block package in addition to standard postoperative analgesia or standard postoperative analgesia alone. The primary outcome is total opioid consumption within the first 24 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes include pain scores, time to first opioid requirement, extubation time, postoperative pulmonary complications, atrial fibrillation, and length of ICU and hospital stay.",[28,29,30],"Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)","Postoperative Pain","Sternotomy",[32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40],"Parasternal Block","Serratus Anterior Plane Block","Adductor Canal Block","Opioid Consumption","Multimodal Analgesia","Randomized Controlled Trial","Cardiac Surgery","Fascial Plane Block","Coronary Artery Bypass Graft","RECRUITING","2026-05-12",{"date":44,"type":45},"2026-05-14","ACTUAL",{"date":47,"type":45},"2026-01-01",{"date":49,"type":22},"2026-09",{"name":51,"class":52},"Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","OTHER",1,{"id":55,"slug":56,"hasResults":11,"nctId":57,"briefTitle":58,"officialTitle":59,"acronym":60,"eligibilityCriteria":61,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":62,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":64,"briefSummary":65,"conditions":66,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":67,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":68,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":69,"startDateStruct":71,"completionDateStruct":73,"leadSponsor":75,"locationsCount":4},"100612307","supercable-vs-conventional-steel-wire-for-closure-after-a-median-sternotomy-100612307","NCT07251881","SuperCable vs. Conventional Steel Wire for Closure After a Median Sternotomy","Prospective-randomized Trial to Demonstrate Superiority of SuperCable vs. Conventional Steel Wire for Closure After a Median Sternotomy","SURE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Provision of Informed Consent: The subject must have signed and dated the informed consent form prior to any study-related procedures.\n* Willingness and Ability to Comply: The subject must express a stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study.\n* Age and Sex:\n\n  * Age: The subject must be at least 18 years old.\n  * Sex: Both male and female subjects are eligible. In line with the \"Sex and Gender in Research Involving Humans\" recommendations, data will be stratified and analyzed by sex to identify any potential differences in outcomes.\n* Language Competence: The subject must possess sufficient German language skills to accurately complete the postoperative survey\n* Travel Capability: The subject must have the ability to travel for all planned study visits, including scheduled CT scans\n* Surgical Procedure: The subject must be scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, as this is the focus of the investigation\n* Adherence to Visit Schedule: The subject must be willing to adhere to all scheduled visits and undergo CT scans as outlined in the study protocol\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pharmacological Restrictions: Current use of corticosteroids or any immunosuppressive medication\n* Prior Treatments and Therapies: History of radiation therapy to the thorax\n* Reproductive Considerations:\n\n  * Pregnancy, or the intent to become pregnant during the study period\n  * Lactation or current breastfeeding\n* Allergic Reactions: Known allergic reactions to components of the conventional steel wire or SuperCable, specifically any known metal allergies (e.g., nickel or titanium).\n\nExample: Patients with a documented history of nickel allergy, including previous adverse reactions to products such as sternal cerclages, will be excluded\n\n* Infectious or Febrile Conditions: Any febrile illness occurring immediately before the scheduled surgery\n* Concurrent Investigational Treatments: Treatment with another investigational drug or medical device within two months preceding surgery, as well as during the current investigation\n* Surgical History: Subjects who have undergone prior sternotomy and osteosynthesis (i.e., re-do patients) will be excluded\n* Anatomical Considerations:\n\n  * Known sternal deformities that could compromise the outcome of the investigation\n  * Off-midline sternotomy approaches, as these do not align with the surgical technique under investigation\n* Patient Residence and Follow-Up Feasibility: Subjects residing in remote regions, including those from interstate or overseas, where follow-up and adherence to the scheduled visits might be compromised\n* Other Specific Exclusions: Any additional criteria specific to the disease under investigation or identified by the investigator based on medical judgment (e.g., clinically significant concomitant disease states such as renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, or cardiovascular disease, if these conditions are deemed to interfere with study outcomes)",{"count":63,"type":22},86,[25],"During certain heart surgeries, the sternum is opened and must then be closed securely. The study compares two closure methods - steel wires and SuperCable - in terms of stability, healing, and patient satisfaction. This investigation aims to demonstrate that the iso-elastic properties of the SuperCable Sternal Closure System result in faster sternal bone healing, reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and improved physical recovery compared to conventional steel wire sternal closure. Eighty-six patients are participating and are randomly assigned to one of the two groups. After the operation, pain, healing, and possible complications are checked. The patients are examined 3 and 6 months after the operation.",[30],"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-04-28",{"date":70,"type":45},"2026-05-01",{"date":72,"type":22},"2026-05",{"date":74,"type":22},"2027-07",{"name":76,"class":52},"University of Zurich",{"id":78,"slug":79,"hasResults":11,"nctId":80,"briefTitle":81,"officialTitle":82,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":83,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":84,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":86,"briefSummary":87,"conditions":88,"keywords":91,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":95,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":96,"startDateStruct":98,"completionDateStruct":100,"leadSponsor":102,"locationsCount":53},"100627745","comparison-of-the-efficacy-of-combined-transversus-thoracic-plane-block-and-serratus-anterior-plane-block-versus-erector-spinae-plane-block-in-the-management-of-sternotomy-pain-100627745","NCT07452627","Comparison of the Efficacy of Combined Transversus Thoracic Plane Block and Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Erector Spinae Plane Block in the Management of Sternotomy Pain","STERNOTOMİ AĞRISININ YÖNETİMİNDE TRANSVERSUS TORASİK PLAN BLOK VE SERRATUS ANTERİOR PLAN BLOK KOMBİNASYONU İLE EREKTÖR SPİNA PLAN BLOK ETKİNLİĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged between 18 and 80 years.\n* Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I, II, or III.\n* Patients who provide written informed consent.\n* Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery via elective sternotomy.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy\n* Body Mass Index (BMI) \\> 35 kg\u002Fm²\n* History of allergy to local anesthetics or opioids\n* Suspected coagulopathy or infection at the injection site\n* Severe neurological, psychiatric, hepatic, or renal failure",{"count":85,"type":22},50,[25],"Background and Purpose: Median sternotomy is the standard surgical approach for cardiac procedures, yet it is associated with significant postoperative pain. Inadequate pain management can lead to pulmonary complications and chronic pain syndromes. While opioids are a cornerstone of multimodal analgesia, their side effects-such as sedation, respiratory depression, and nausea-can delay recovery. Furthermore, neuraxial techniques like epidural analgesia are often avoided in cardiac surgery due to the risks associated with systemic heparinization. This study aims to compare the efficacy of two non-neuraxial regional anesthesia techniques: the combination of Transversus Thoracic Plane Block (TTPB) and Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) versus the Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB).\n\nStudy Design and Population: This prospective, randomized study includes 50 patients (ASA I-III, aged 18-80) undergoing elective cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Patients are randomized into two groups:\n\nTTPB + SAPB Group: Patients receive ultrasound-guided blocks targeting the anterior and lateral chest wall.\n\nESPB Group: Patients receive ultrasound-guided blocks targeting the paravertebral and intercostal spaces from a posterior approach.\n\nIntervention and Procedures: Following standardized anesthesia induction and invasive monitoring, the respective blocks are performed under ultrasound guidance. Intraoperative hemodynamic data are recorded at key surgical stages (incision, sternotomy, CPB). In the postoperative period in the intensive care unit (ICU), all patients will receive a standardized multimodal analgesia protocol including intravenous (IV) paracetamol and IV tenoxicam. While patients are intubated, pain will be assessed using the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS). If the BPS score is above 3, IV fentanyl will be administered as rescue analgesia.\n\nFollowing extubation, pain levels will be evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at rest and during coughing at specific time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours). If the post-extubation VAS score is 4 or higher, intramuscular meperidine will be given as rescue analgesia. Additionally, IV ondansetron will be administered in case of nausea or vomiting. The study will also evaluate the time to extubation, time to clinical transport, and patient\u002Fsurgeon satisfaction using a 5-point Likert scale.\n\nPrimary and Secondary Outcomes:\n\nThe primary objective of this study is to compare postoperative pain intensity between the study groups using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (0-10) and the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) (3-12).\n\nSecondary objectives include:\n\nOpioid Consumption: Comparison of total intraoperative and postoperative opioid (IV fentanyl and IM meperidine) consumption within the first 24 hours.\n\nRecovery Milestones: Measurement of time to extubation, time to first mobilization, and time to clinical transport to the surgical ward.\n\nClinical Satisfaction and Safety: Assessment of patient and surgeon satisfaction using a 5-point Likert scale, and monitoring the incidence of opioid-related side effects, specifically postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) requiring ondansetron.\n\nExpected Impact:\n\nBy identifying the most effective regional anesthesia technique (TTPB+SAPB vs. ESPB) in conjunction with a standardized multimodal analgesia protocol (IV paracetamol and tenoxicam), this study seeks to maximize postoperative pain control and patient comfort. The results aim to achieve superior analgesia with lower pain scores, thereby facilitating earlier mobilization, reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, and enhancing the overall recovery process for patients undergoing cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. This approach ultimately contributes to the development of more effective, pain-centered recovery protocols in the intensive care unit.",[29,30,89,90],"Nerve Block","Patient Outcome Assessment",[92,33,93,94,38,36],"Transversus Thoracic Plane Block","Erector Spinae Plane Block","Sternotomy Pain","2026-03-06",{"date":97,"type":45},"2026-03-10",{"date":99,"type":45},"2025-12-01",{"date":101,"type":22},"2026-12",{"name":103,"class":52},"Uludag University",{"id":105,"slug":106,"hasResults":11,"nctId":107,"briefTitle":108,"officialTitle":109,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":110,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":111,"enrollmentInfo":112,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":114,"briefSummary":115,"conditions":116,"keywords":118,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":130,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":131,"startDateStruct":133,"completionDateStruct":135,"leadSponsor":137,"locationsCount":53},"100617183","preoperative-deep-parasternal-intercostal-plane-block-and-intraoperative-opioid-use-in-cardiac-surgery-100617183","NCT07315308","Preoperative Deep Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block and Intraoperative Opioid Use in Cardiac Surgery","Preoperative Ultrasound-Guided Deep Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block Reduces Intraoperative Opioid Consumption in Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Via Median Sternotomy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAdults aged 18 to 65 years Scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery via median sternotomy Planned general anesthesia Able to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nKnown allergy or contraindication to local anesthetics Coagulation disorders or ongoing anticoagulant therapy that contraindicates regional anesthesia Infection at or near the planned injection site Pre-existing chronic pain conditions requiring long-term opioid use Severe cognitive impairment or inability to communicate pain intensity Emergency surgery Refusal or inability to provide informed consent","65 Years",{"count":113,"type":22},80,[25],"Median sternotomy is commonly used in cardiac surgery and is associated with significant intraoperative and postoperative pain, often requiring substantial opioid administration. High opioid use during cardiac surgery may contribute to adverse effects such as respiratory depression, delayed extubation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and prolonged intensive care unit stay. Therefore, effective opioid-sparing strategies are an important component of modern perioperative care.\n\nThe deep parasternal intercostal plane (DPIP) block is a regional anesthesia technique that targets the anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves, which are responsible for transmitting pain from the sternum and adjacent tissues. When performed under ultrasound guidance, this block allows precise local anesthetic deposition while minimizing the risk of pleural or vascular injury.\n\nThe purpose of this randomized controlled study is to evaluate whether a preoperative ultrasound-guided DPIP block reduces intraoperative opioid consumption in adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either a bilateral DPIP block in addition to standard general anesthesia or standard general anesthesia alone.\n\nThe primary outcome of the study is total intraoperative opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes include time to extubation, postoperative opioid consumption within the first 24 hours, postoperative pain scores, and the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects. The results of this study may help define the role of the DPIP block as part of a multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesic strategy in cardiac surgery.",[29,30,35,117],"Intraoperative Pain Control",[119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129],"Deep parasternal intercostal plane block","Parasternal block","Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia","Sternotomy analgesia","Cardiac surgery pain management","Opioid-sparing analgesia","Multimodal analgesia","Anterior chest wall block","Regional anesthesia in cardiac surgery","Intraoperative Pain","Intraoperative Opioid Consumption","2026-03-02",{"date":132,"type":45},"2026-03-04",{"date":134,"type":45},"2026-02-12",{"date":136,"type":22},"2027-01-01",{"name":138,"class":52},"Gaziantep City Hospital",{"id":140,"slug":141,"hasResults":11,"nctId":142,"briefTitle":143,"officialTitle":144,"acronym":145,"eligibilityCriteria":146,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":147,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":149,"briefSummary":150,"conditions":151,"keywords":156,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":160,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":161,"startDateStruct":163,"completionDateStruct":165,"leadSponsor":167,"locationsCount":53},"100524978","rct-on-t-rex-twente-regimen-effects-on-quality-of-life-and-mobilisation-for-cardiac-surgery-patients-after-sternotomy-100524978","NCT06115759","RCT on T-REX Twente Regimen Effects on Quality of Life and Mobilisation for Cardiac Surgery Patients After Sternotomy","A Randomized Clinical Trial to Study the \"T-REX Twente Regimen\" (Thoracic Surgery Rehabilitation Experts Twente) on Quality of Life and Mobilisation Activities for Cardiac Surgery Patients After Median Sternotomy, Compared to Usual Care","T-REX Twente","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients who are preoperatively included if they are undergoing a total median sternotomy at Thorax Centrum Twente (TCT)\n* Patients with their treating cardiologist also working for TCT.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* \\>72 hours of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)\n* Postoperative delirium (diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) version V\n* Patients with dementia (or other significant cognitive disorders)\n* Dutch language barriers\n* Patients with a cardiologist from a location other than TCT",{"count":148,"type":22},154,[25],"The goal of this study is whether the T-REX Twente precautions have a positive impact on the quality of life (MAcNew QLMI), level of physical activity, and reduction of fear of movement in heart patients after a total median sternotomy compared to the (current) standard precautions? Do these precautions also have no adverse effects on pain, wound healing, and\u002For postoperative complications?\n\nParticipants will be instructed by the physiotherapist to both groups immediately postoperatively and are constantly repeated by the involved disciplines during the hospital stay.\n\nThe control group is not allowed to lift, push, or pull for the first 6 weeks. There is little to no evidence for the current strict precautions currently implemented in the department.\n\nThe intervention group receives the new T-REX Twente precautions, allowing for more independent activities through the use of the tube model (keeping elbows close to the sides).\n\nAll patients receive three questionnaires (MacNew QLMI, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) preoperatively, on the 4th day postoperatively, on the first day of cardiac rehabilitation, and at the end of cardiac rehabilitation, taking approximately 10 minutes each time. Additionally, during the clinical admission immediately postoperatively, two AX3 accelerometers are placed on the patient, one lateroproximal on the right upper arm and one anterodistal on the right upper leg.\n\nResearchers will compare heart patients after a total median sternotomy with T-REX Twente precautions (intervention group) to the (current) standard precautions (control group).",[30,152,153,154,155],"Cardiovascular Diseases","Physical Inactivity","Quality of Life","Surgery",[30,157,158,159],"Cardiac Surgical Procedures","Cardiac Rehabilitation","Early Ambulation","2025-02-05",{"date":162,"type":45},"2025-02-07",{"date":164,"type":45},"2024-05-21",{"date":166,"type":22},"2026-03",{"name":168,"class":52},"Medisch Spectrum Twente",{"id":170,"slug":171,"hasResults":11,"nctId":172,"briefTitle":173,"officialTitle":174,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":175,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":176,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":178,"phases":4,"briefSummary":179,"conditions":180,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":183,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":184,"startDateStruct":186,"completionDateStruct":188,"leadSponsor":190,"locationsCount":193},"100557150","affecting-factors-for-chronic-pain-after-sternotomy-100557150","NCT06534372","Affecting Factors for Chronic Pain After Sternotomy","Affecting Factors the Incidince of Chronic Pain After Sternotomy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Between the ages of 18-80\n* BMI 18-35 kg\u002Fm2\n* ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Scoring I-II-III\n* Elective open coronary artery bypass graft surgery\n* Elective open heart valve surgery\n* Patients who will undergo general anesthesia\n* Patients who agree to participate in the study and sign a form\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients under 18 and over 80 years of age\n* Patients who do not want to participate in the study\n* Patients with advanced organ failure (liver failure, renal failure)\n* Patients with chronic pain or chronic opioid use\n* Patients with alcohol, substance or drug addiction\n* Patients planned for surgery with thoracotomy\n* Patients with a history of previous sternotomy (redo)\n* Patients with limited cooperation such as dementia, psychiatric disorders\n* Pregnant and breastfeeding patients will be excluded from the study.\n* Patients who cannot communicate in their native language will be excluded from the study",{"count":177,"type":22},500,"OBSERVATIONAL","Chronic pain is common complication of surgery procedures. Rates of mortalits is getting lower in cardiac surgery. This situation has brought us to focus morbidity and long term life quality. Previous study show that chronic pain after cardiac surgery is experienced 11-40% patient. Multifactorial causes play a role in chronic pain etiology. The aim of our study is to determine the causes of chronic pain in patients who underwent sternotomy.",[38,30,181,182],"Pain, Acute","Pain, Chronic","2025-01-28",{"date":185,"type":45},"2025-01-29",{"date":187,"type":45},"2024-09-01",{"date":189,"type":22},"2026-03-30",{"name":191,"class":192},"Ankara Etlik City Hospital","OTHER_GOV",2,{"id":195,"slug":196,"hasResults":11,"nctId":197,"briefTitle":198,"officialTitle":199,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":200,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":201,"maxAge":202,"enrollmentInfo":203,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":205,"briefSummary":206,"conditions":207,"keywords":208,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":210,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":211,"startDateStruct":213,"completionDateStruct":215,"leadSponsor":217,"locationsCount":53},"100552720","combined-effects-of-active-cycle-breathing-technique-and-buteyko-technique-in-post-sternotomy-patients-100552720","NCT06476756","Combined Effects of Active Cycle Breathing Technique and Buteyko Technique in Post Sternotomy Patients","Combined Effects of Active Cycle Breathing Technique and Buteyko Technique on Airway Clearance in Post Sternotomy Patients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 40-60 years\n* Patient underwent cardiac surgery for first time\n* Having speaking, hearing, cognitive ability\n* Both genders ( Male and female)\n* On mechanical ventilation for less than 24h after surgery\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Hemodynamic ally unstable patients\n\n  * Patients with reopening of sternum\n  * Infection patients\n  * Renal failure\n  * Arrhythmia\n  * Patient on mechanical ventilator\n  * Cancer\n  * Tuberculosis","40 Years","60 Years",{"count":204,"type":22},32,[25],"This randomized clinical trial seeks to compare the efficacy of the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) and Buteyko breathing techniques in sternotomy patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, aged 30 to 60. Data will be collected from Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in selected hospitals. Participants will be assigned to intervention to receiving ACBT and Buteyko breathing techniques standard protocol including chest percussion , tissue blowing exercises, incentive spirometer , cough technique, breathing control, deep breathing, and deep breathing techniques.",[30],[209],"Buteyko","2024-06-24",{"date":212,"type":45},"2024-06-26",{"date":214,"type":45},"2024-03-10",{"date":216,"type":22},"2024-08-20",{"name":218,"class":52},"Riphah International University"]