[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"urethral-stricture\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:urethral-stricture":26},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,14,0,[8,47,71,101,127,151,175,203,231,255,280,309,332,356],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":22,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":27,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":41,"leadSponsor":43,"locationsCount":46},"100644857","intraoperative-lidocaine-or-dexmedetomidine-for-postoperative-pain-modulation-after-urethral-reconstruction-100644857",false,"NCT07676942","Intraoperative Lidocaine or Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Pain Modulation After Urethral Reconstruction.","Effects of Intravenous Lidocaine and Dexmedetomidine Infusions on Postoperative Pain and the Development of Chronic Pain Following Urethral Reconstruction Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* ASA status less or equal 3\n* Scheduled for reconstructive surgery of urethra\n* Able to understand information provided and to sign informed consent for participation in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* known allergy to one of the investigated medications\n* current chronic pain\n* known chronic use of opioids, gabapentinoids and antidepressants","MALE","18 Years",{"count":19,"type":20},80,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[23],"NA","The development of chronic postoperative pain (CPP) following surgery is influenced by several factors, among which the intensity of acute postoperative pain in the immediate perioperative period and mechanisms related to nerve fiber injury play a crucial role. Previous studies have demonstrated that factors such as the severity of early postoperative pain, patient age, and the extent of surgical intervention may increase the risk of transition from acute to chronic pain. In recent years, growing attention has been directed toward anesthetic techniques and adjuvant analgesics (co-analgesics) administered during surgery, which may potentially reduce the incidence of CPP.\n\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intraoperative intravenous infusions of dexmedetomidine or lidocaine during urethral reconstructive surgery on postoperative pain intensity, patient-reported quality of recovery, and the incidence and characteristics of chronic postoperative pain, including its neuropathic component. In particular, the study will investigate whether administration of these agents reduces pain intensity during the first 48 hours after surgery-which, according to existing evidence, may correlate with the risk of CPP development-and whether intraoperative infusion of lidocaine or dexmedetomidine translates into reduced pain severity and a lower risk of neuropathic pain at long-term follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months after surgery).\n\nAn important aspect of this project is that both investigational drugs-lidocaine and dexmedetomidine-have an established role in routine anesthesiology practice, and their safety profiles are well characterized and extensively documented in the medical literature. Intravenous lidocaine infusion has been used for many years as part of multimodal perioperative analgesia; numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have confirmed its efficacy in reducing postoperative pain intensity and opioid requirements, with a low risk of adverse effects when administered at therapeutic doses. Dexmedetomidine has been routinely used for years both in intensive care units and as a component of general anesthesia across a wide range of surgical procedures. Its analgesic, anxiolytic, and opioid-sparing effects have been supported by a substantial body of clinical evidence, and the doses used in the present protocol are consistent with established clinical practice.",[26],"Urethral Stricture",[28,29,30,31,32,33],"urethral reconstruction","buccal membrane graft","postoperative pain","neuropathic pain","lidocaine","dexmedetomidine","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-23",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-06-30","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":20},"2026-06",{"date":42,"type":20},"2028-07",{"name":44,"class":45},"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education","OTHER",1,{"id":48,"slug":49,"hasResults":11,"nctId":50,"briefTitle":51,"officialTitle":52,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":53,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":54,"enrollmentInfo":55,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":57,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":61,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":62,"startDateStruct":64,"completionDateStruct":66,"leadSponsor":68,"locationsCount":4},"100643895","comparison-between-excision-and-primary-anastomosis-urethroplasty-and-tunica-vaginalis-graft-urethroplasty-100643895","NCT07668973","Comparison Between Excision And Primary Anastomosis Urethroplasty And Tunica Vaginalis Graft Urethroplasty.","Comparison of Outcome Between Excision and Primary Anastomosis Urethroplasty and Tunica Vaginalis Graft Urethroplasty in Patients With Bulbar Urethral Stricture Upto 2cm in Length : A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with diagnosis of bulbar urethral stricture upto 2cm in length.\n* Patients aged between 18-50 years.\n* Patients with non-traumatic bulbar urethral stricture.\n* Isolated short (≤ 2 cm) bulbar urethral stricture\n* Patient is able and willing to comply with the postoperative protocol.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Urethral stricture which is completely obliterated stricture.\n* Patients with history of hypospadias or previous open urethral surgery.\n* Patients with uncontrolled diabetes or Immunocompromised patients.\n* Patients unwilling for the follow-up.\n* History of pelvic radiation therapy\n* Patient with history of urethral instrumentation in last 3 months.\n* Lichen sclerosus related strictures.\n* Patients with history of erectile dysfunction, priapism or treatment to enhance erectile function.","50 Years",{"count":56,"type":20},94,[23],"Urethroplasty is considered as a gold standard in treatment of urethral stricture disease having success rate of more than 93% in terms of recurrence of stricture. The objective of the study is to compare the outcome between excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) urethroplasty, a transecting urethroplasty technique and Tunica Vaginalis Graft (TVG) Urethroplasty, a non-transecting urethroplasty technique, in patients with bulbar urethral stricture upto 2cm in length. It will be a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in which 94 patients admitted in Sahiwal Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal will be included. The patients will be divided into two equal groups. Randomization will be performed using a computer-generated random sequence. The Group-A patients will undergo excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) urethroplasty while Group-B patients will undergo Tunica Vaginalis Graft (TVG) Urethroplasty. Non-probability convenience sampling will be carried out. Detailed history of urinary symptoms, Sexual function, catheterization, instrumentation, urinary tract infection and trauma will be taken to obtain the cause of stricture. Demographic information like name, age, and contact number will be recorded. Investigations will include preoperative complete blood count, renal function test, liver function test, urine complete examination, ultrasonogram kidney, ureter and bladder with post void residual volume (PVR) uroflowmetry and retrograde urethrogram for diagnosis and length of stricture. Other parameters of study will be length of hospital stay, postoperative complication such as graft failure, wound infection, urinary tract infection and fistula formation. Data will be collected through proforma, which will be entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 26.0. For quantitative variables mean and standard deviation will be calculated and for qualitative variables frequency and percentages will be calculated. Data will be presented in tables and graphs for both quantitative and qualitative variables. Chi-square test will be used to estimate the association between qualitative variables. An Independent sample t-test will be applied for quantitative variables. P-value \\\u003C0.05 will be considered significant. It is anticipated that the Tunica Vaginalis Graft (TVG) Urethroplasty provides better outcome as compared to excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) urethroplasty.",[26,60],"Erectile Dysfunction","2026-06-21",{"date":63,"type":38},"2026-06-25",{"date":65,"type":20},"2026-07",{"date":67,"type":20},"2027-07",{"name":69,"class":70},"Sahiwal medical college sahiwal","OTHER_GOV",{"id":72,"slug":73,"hasResults":11,"nctId":74,"briefTitle":75,"officialTitle":76,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":77,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":78,"maxAge":79,"enrollmentInfo":80,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":82,"briefSummary":84,"conditions":85,"keywords":89,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":91,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":92,"startDateStruct":94,"completionDateStruct":96,"leadSponsor":98,"locationsCount":100},"100305626","phase-1-safety-and-feasibility-study-of-autologous-engineered-urethral-constructs-for-the-treatment-of-strictures-100305626","NCT03258658","Safety and Feasibility Study of Autologous Engineered Urethral Constructs for the Treatment of Strictures","A Phase 1 Pilot Safety and Feasibility Study of Autologous Engineered Urethral","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Stricture of the urethra meeting the following criteria:\n\n  a) History of at least one 15-60 mm in length, as determined by urethrography. c) Contains at least 1 strictured segment through which a 16 Fr flexible cystoscope cannot be atraumatically passed.\n* Patients must be available for all follow-up visits.\n* Ability to speak English.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Strictures of the meatus or prostatic urethra; any urethral stricture associated with or suspected to be urethral carcinoma, or strictures due to pelvic distraction injuries. Strictures \\\u003C10 mm or \\>60 mm, as determined by urethrography, and criteria for bulbar urethral strictures excluding those with strictures \\\u003C20 mm and \\>60 mm, as described by urethrography.\n* Presence of untreated urinary tract infection.\n* Presence or prior history of lichen sclerosis et atrophicus (previously termed 'balanitis xerotica obliterans').\n* Uncontrolled bleeding disorder or patients with a platelet count less than 50,000, hemophilia or patients routinely receiving blood products for bleeding disorders.\n* Any urological condition that would be likely to require additional urethral instrumentation during the period of investigation, including, but not limited to benign prostatic hyperplasia requiring treatment, use of alpha blockers, active prostate cancer, an unevaluated elevated prostate surface antigen (PSA), bladder cancer, or any recurrent urinary stone formation. Patients with evidence or diagnosis of any coagulation disorder (including concomitant anti-coagulation therapy at enrollment).\n* Serum creatinine \\> 2.0 mg\u002Fdl or evidence of progressive renal disease.\n* Patients with abnormal urologic conditions, including vesicoureteral reflux, bladder stones, bladder tumors and renal impairment.\n* Subjects with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value \\>3 times the upper limit of normal.\n* Subjects with an albumin value \\\u003C3.0 g\u002FdL.\n* Subjects with uncontrolled diabetes, unstable cardiac and\u002For pulmonary disorders.\n* Subjects with active tuberculosis (TB) requiring treatment in the past 3 years. Subjects with a current positive (≥5 mm induration for high-risk subjects; otherwise ≥10 mm of induration) purified protein derivative (PPD) test are excluded unless they have completed a full course of treatment for latent TB and have a negative chest x-ray film at enrollment.\n* Subjects known to be colonized with either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), or gentamicin-resistant organisms.\n* Immunocompromised subjects or subjects receiving immunosuppressive agents (inhaled corticosteroids and chronic low-dose corticosteroids \\[≤0.25 mg\u002Fkg prednisone or equivalent per day\\] are permitted).\n* Any history of alcohol and\u002For drug abuse.\n* Current smoker.\n* Documented history of, or positive result of HIV, Hepatitis B or C, or any infectious disease. External signs, sequelae, or positive serology of sexually transmitted disease (including HPV).\n* Patients with a history of systemic conditions, including but not limited to HIV, diabetes and chronic liver disease (including Hepatitis B or C), that the Investigator believes may jeopardize the safety of the patient to participate in the study.\n* Concurrent participation in any other clinical investigation during the period of this investigation. Patients who have been treated with any other investigational drug or participated in any investigational study within 30 days prior to enrollment in this study.\n* Any current illness that might confound the results of this investigation, including but not limited to bladder atonia, neuropathic\u002Fneurogenic bladder, bladder outlet obstruction (other than urethral stricture), sphincteric dysfunction, or spinal cord injury.\n* Any circumstance in which the investigator deems participation in the study is not in the subject's best interest.\n* Inability to participate in all necessary study activities due to physical or mental limitations.\n* Inability or unwillingness to return for all required follow-up visits.\n* inability or unwillingness to sign informed consent.\n* Patients requiring concomitant use of or treatment with immunosuppressive agents.\n* Patients with neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease).","21 Years","75 Years",{"count":81,"type":20},10,[83],"PHASE1","This is a Phase I clinical study to determine the safety and efficacy of using autologous, engineered urethral constructs for the treatment of urethral strictures in adult males.\n\nThe proposed study design is a prospective non-randomized and uncontrolled single-center investigation. Autologous urothelial cells (UCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), obtained from enrolled male subjects' bladder tissue samples, will be culture expanded in vitro and used to seed tubular PGA scaffolds to create autologous urethral constructs for the repair of urethral strictures.",[86,87,26,88],"Urologic Diseases","Male Urogenital Diseases","Urethral Injury",[26],"RECRUITING","2026-06-03",{"date":93,"type":38},"2026-06-04",{"date":95,"type":20},"2026-08",{"date":97,"type":20},"2029-12",{"name":99,"class":45},"Wake Forest University Health Sciences",2,{"id":102,"slug":103,"hasResults":11,"nctId":104,"briefTitle":105,"officialTitle":105,"acronym":106,"eligibilityCriteria":107,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":108,"maxAge":109,"enrollmentInfo":110,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":112,"briefSummary":114,"conditions":115,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":116,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":117,"startDateStruct":119,"completionDateStruct":121,"leadSponsor":123,"locationsCount":126},"100468706","phase-4-optilume-post-approval-clinical-evaluation-of-andrology-parameters-100468706","NCT05383274","Optilume PoST AppRoval Clinical Evaluation of Andrology ParaMeters","STREAM","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male subjects between 22 and 65 years of age\n2. Subject diagnosed with a stricture in the anterior urethra that is able to be treated with the Optilume Urethral DCB in accordance with the approved Instructions for Use\n3. Subject is willing to provide written informed consent and comply with study required follow-up assessments\n4. Subject able to provide viable semen samples and baseline semen quality characteristics are above reference values based on below criteria (average of 2 samples):\n\n   1. total sperm ≥39 million\n   2. sperm concentration ≥15 million\u002FmL\n   3. total motility ≥40%\n   4. progressive motility ≥32%\n   5. morphology ≥4%\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Subjects with a known hypersensitivity to paclitaxel or structurally related compounds\n2. Subjects with a history of vasectomy or other condition that may inhibit semen\u002Fsperm production or ejaculatory function\n3. Subjects currently taking 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, alpha-blockers, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or hormone replacement therapy without appropriate washout\n4. Subject is unwilling to abstain or utilize a condom for 30 days after the procedure\n5. Subject is unwilling to utilize highly effective contraception for 6 months after the procedure if partner is of childbearing potential\n6. History of cancer in any body system that is not considered in complete remission","22 Years","65 Years",{"count":111,"type":20},34,[113],"PHASE4","Single-arm, prospective study assessing semen quality after treatment with the Optilume Urethral DCB in men between 22 and 65 years of age.",[26],"2026-04-27",{"date":118,"type":38},"2026-04-28",{"date":120,"type":38},"2022-02-14",{"date":122,"type":20},"2026-12-30",{"name":124,"class":125},"Urotronic Inc.","INDUSTRY",9,{"id":128,"slug":129,"hasResults":11,"nctId":130,"briefTitle":131,"officialTitle":132,"acronym":133,"eligibilityCriteria":134,"healthyVolunteers":135,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":136,"enrollmentInfo":137,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":139,"phases":4,"briefSummary":140,"conditions":141,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":142,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":143,"startDateStruct":145,"completionDateStruct":147,"leadSponsor":149,"locationsCount":46},"100623988","urethral-resistive-index-uri-a-new-parameter-for-diagnosing-urethral-obstruction-100623988","NCT07403786","Urethral Resistive Index (URI): A New Parameter for Diagnosing Urethral Obstruction","Urethral Resistive Index (URI): A New Uroflowmetric Parameter in the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Urethral Obstruction","URI","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male participants aged between 18 and 80 years.\n* For the Stricture Group: Patients scheduled for surgery (urethroplasty or internal urethrotomy) due to suspected urethral stricture, where the diagnosis is confirmed intraoperatively.\n* For the Control Group: Healthy male volunteers without any lower urinary tract symptoms.\n* Voluntary signing of the Informed Consent Form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Voiding volume less than 150 mL.\n* Causes of obstruction other than stricture, such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).\n* Diagnosis of neurogenic bladder dysfunction or a history of neurological disease affecting bladder function.\n* Presence of severe comorbidities.",true,"80 Years",{"count":138,"type":20},60,"OBSERVATIONAL","This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a new, non-invasive uroflowmetry parameter called the Urethral Resistive Index (URI) for detecting urethral stricture in men. Currently, diagnosing urethral stricture often requires invasive procedures like surgery or pressure-flow studies. This research seeks to develop URI as a practical and painless screening tool that could reduce the need for such invasive interventions.\n\nStudy Procedures:\n\nA total of 60 male participants (30 with suspected urethral stricture and 30 healthy volunteers) will be enrolled. Participants will undergo two standard, non-invasive uroflowmetry (voiding) tests. The first test is a routine natural voiding session. The second test involves a \"forced voiding\" (Valsalva maneuver) once the participant feels a sufficient urge to urinate again. The URI is then calculated by comparing the flow rates of these two sessions.\n\nGoals and Benefits: The primary goal is to determine the optimal \"cut-off\" value of the URI that accurately identifies a surgically proven urethral stricture. By demonstrating URI's effectiveness, the study aims to expedite the diagnostic process and spare patients from unnecessary invasive tests. The procedure involves minimal risk, primarily temporary discomfort or psychological stress during the voiding tests",[26],"2026-03-31",{"date":144,"type":38},"2026-04-06",{"date":146,"type":38},"2026-02-10",{"date":148,"type":20},"2026-07-10",{"name":150,"class":45},"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent",{"id":152,"slug":153,"hasResults":11,"nctId":154,"briefTitle":155,"officialTitle":155,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":156,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":79,"enrollmentInfo":157,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":159,"briefSummary":160,"conditions":161,"keywords":162,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":166,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":167,"startDateStruct":169,"completionDateStruct":171,"leadSponsor":173,"locationsCount":4},"100632044","a-comparative-study-of-the-antibacterial-effects-of-two-preoperative-hair-removal-methods-in-male-patients-with-urethral-stricture-100632044","NCT07508566","A Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Effects of Two Preoperative Hair Removal Methods in Male Patients With Urethral Stricture","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nMale patients aged ≥18 years with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of urethral stricture, who are scheduled to undergo lingual mucosal urethroplasty or end-to-end urethral anastomosis.\n\nPossess normal cognitive and communication abilities, and be able to cooperate with preoperative cleaning procedures and postoperative follow-up.\n\nNo history of topical antimicrobial therapy on the perineal region before surgery, and no systemic antibiotic administration within 1 week prior to surgery.\n\nVoluntarily participate in this study and sign the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nComplicated with severe systemic infectious diseases, or suffering from immunodeficiency diseases (e.g., AIDS, long-term use of immunosuppressants).\n\nPresence of skin damage, ulcers, eczema or other dermatoses on the perineal skin, which may interfere with cleaning procedures and bacterial sample collection.\n\nA definite history of allergy to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) or study-related supplies.\n\nHaving surgical contraindications such as severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, or coagulation dysfunction.\n\nInability to cooperate with preoperative cleaning procedures, or failure to complete postoperative follow-up due to personal reasons",{"count":158,"type":20},40,[23],"Male urethral stricture is one of the common diseases in urology, with risk factors including a history of hypospadias surgery, indwelling urinary catheterization or instrumental manipulation, trauma, transurethral surgery, and prostate cancer treatment. Its main clinical manifestations are dysuria, weak urinary stream and frequent micturition, which seriously affect patients' quality of life.\n\nSurgery is the main treatment for moderate to severe urethral stricture. Among various surgical procedures, lingual mucosal urethroplasty and end-to-end urethral anastomosis are widely used in clinical practice due to their high long-term patency rates. However, postoperative complications still plague patients. According to reports, the incidence of urinary tract infection within 30 days after surgery ranges from 6.7% to 21%, and the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) reaches 4.1%. SSI not only impairs surgical efficacy, but also may prolong hospital stay, increase medical costs and even lead to poor prognosis. As defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), SSI refers to surgery-related infections occurring within 30 days after surgery (or up to 1 year if an implant is present), which are specifically classified into three types: superficial incisional SSI, deep incisional SSI, and organ\u002Fspace SSI. There are significant regional differences in the global incidence of SSI: it is approximately 2.8% in developed countries, while it can be as high as 22.8% in resource-limited regions, indicating an urgent need to optimize perioperative infection prevention and control strategies.\n\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) has identified standardized preoperative skin preparation as one of the key measures for preventing SSI. The skin is the main source of bacterial colonization in the surgical area. In particular, the perineum, due to its moist environment, numerous folds and easy accumulation of secretions, is prone to becoming a breeding ground for opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis-all of which are common pathogenic bacteria causing postoperative infections in male patients with urethral stricture.\n\nEffective preoperative skin cleansing can significantly reduce the local microbial load and the risk of intraoperative contamination, thereby lowering the probability of postoperative infection. Therefore, preoperative skin preparation is not only a routine nursing procedure, but also a crucial component of perioperative infection control. Traditional preoperative skin preparation mostly involves wiping with warm water or normal saline, which can remove surface dirt but lacks sustained antibacterial effects and is difficult to effectively inhibit bacterial regrowth. In recent years, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) has gradually become the preferred product for preoperative skin disinfection due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, rapid bactericidal effect and persistent residual action. A number of high-quality studies have confirmed that preoperative showering or local wiping with CHG can significantly reduce the incidence of SSI in orthopedic surgery, cesarean section and implantation of cardiac electronic devices.\n\nHowever, in the field of urology, especially for complex urethral reconstructive surgeries involving the perineal region (such as lingual mucosal urethroplasty and end-to-end urethral anastomosis), studies on the inhibitory effect of local CHG application on skin bacterial colonization and its clinical value remain scarce. Such surgeries are classified as \"clean-contaminated\" procedures, characterized by long operative time and extensive tissue exposure. In addition, some surgical techniques require tissue harvesting from the oral cavity, which brings the risk of multiple infection sources and imposes higher requirements for aseptic management of the surgical area. Existing studies mostly take postoperative infection rate as the endpoint indicator, and few focus on the impact of preoperative interventions on the dynamic changes of skin microorganisms. Quantitative detection of colony-forming units (CFU) and bacterial species distribution in key anatomical sites can more objectively evaluate the immediate and sustained bacteriostatic effects of different skin preparation methods, thereby revealing their underlying mechanisms of action.\n\nTherefore, this study intends to conduct a prospective research to compare the bacteriostatic effects of different preoperative skin preparation methods in the target population, so as to provide clinical practice with more evidence-based guidelines for perioperative skin preparation procedures.",[26],[26,163,164,165],"surgical site infection","lingual mucosal urethroplasty","end-to-end urethral anastomosis","2026-03-27",{"date":168,"type":38},"2026-04-02",{"date":170,"type":20},"2026-04-01",{"date":172,"type":20},"2026-08-31",{"name":174,"class":45},"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University",{"id":176,"slug":177,"hasResults":11,"nctId":178,"briefTitle":179,"officialTitle":180,"acronym":181,"eligibilityCriteria":182,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":183,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":184,"briefSummary":185,"conditions":186,"keywords":188,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":194,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":195,"startDateStruct":197,"completionDateStruct":199,"leadSponsor":201,"locationsCount":46},"100631530","phase-4-reducer-trial-txa-in-urethroplasty-100631530","NCT07501884","REDUCER Trial (TXA in Urethroplasty)","Reduction of Perioperative Blood Loss in Urethral Reconstruction Using Tranexamic Acid (REDUCER Trial): A Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Study","REDUCER","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients (≥18 years old)\n* Undergoing urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease\n* Ability to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known contraindication to tranexamic acid (TXA)\n* History of thromboembolic disease (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke)\n* Known bleeding disorder or coagulopathy\n* Current use of anticoagulation that cannot be safely held perioperatively\n* Severe renal impairment\n* Allergy or hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid\n* History of seizures\n* Inability to provide informed consent",{"count":158,"type":20},[113],"This study will test whether tranexamic acid (TXA), a medication used to reduce bleeding, can decrease blood loss in patients having urethroplasty. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a single intravenous dose of TXA at the start of anesthesia or standard care without TXA. Researchers will compare hemoglobin change after surgery as well as estimated blood loss and complications.",[26,187],"Urethral Diseases",[189,190,191,192,193],"Tranexamic Acid","Urethroplasty","Blood Loss","Hemoglobin","Reconstructive Urology","2026-03-25",{"date":196,"type":38},"2026-03-30",{"date":198,"type":20},"2026-05-01",{"date":200,"type":20},"2027-03-30",{"name":202,"class":45},"Amjad Alwaal, MD, MSc, FRCSC, FACS",{"id":204,"slug":205,"hasResults":11,"nctId":206,"briefTitle":207,"officialTitle":208,"acronym":209,"eligibilityCriteria":210,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":211,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":212,"targetDuration":214,"studyType":139,"phases":4,"briefSummary":215,"conditions":216,"keywords":219,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":223,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":224,"startDateStruct":226,"completionDateStruct":228,"leadSponsor":229,"locationsCount":46},"100621824","the-impact-of-age-and-sex-on-anticipated-and-experienced-pain-in-first-time-outpatient-flexible-cystoscopy-100621824","NCT07375641","The Impact of Age and Sex on Anticipated and Experienced Pain in First-Time Outpatient Flexible Cystoscopy","The Effect of Age and Sex on Pre-procedural Anticipated Pain and Post-procedural Experienced Pain in Patients Undergoing Flexible Cystoscopy for the First Time in an Outpatient Setting","PAINCYST","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥18 years\n* Patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy for the first time under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting\n* Ability to understand the study procedures and provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Use of systemic analgesics, sedatives, or anxiolytics immediately before the procedure\n* Presence of active urinary tract infection at the time of cystoscopy\n* Presence of an indwelling urethral catheter at the time of cystoscopy","ALL",{"count":213,"type":20},150,"1 Day","Cystoscopy is a procedure frequently performed in daily urological practice for the diagnosis of various urological conditions, including bladder tumors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, recurrent cystitis, and urethral strictures. Cystoscopy can be performed either in the operating room under sedation, spinal anesthesia, or general anesthesia, or in the outpatient setting under local anesthesia. Performing cystoscopy under outpatient conditions for patients requiring the procedure for follow-up and treatment indications is important in terms of reducing the workload of operating rooms. Although cystoscopy is generally well tolerated under local anesthesia in the outpatient setting, it may cause pain and anxiety in some patients, even when a flexible cystoscope is used. This may lead to adverse outcomes, particularly in patients with bladder tumors, due to loss to follow-up. Despite the use of analgesic methods such as lidocaine-based lubricants to reduce pain and anxiety before cystoscopy, an optimal solution has not yet been achieved. Moreover, some studies have reported that the level of pain experienced during cystoscopy increases with advancing age.\n\nIn male patients, several studies have demonstrated that the most painful moment during cystoscopy occurs when the tip of the cystoscope passes through the external urinary sphincter. It has been shown that asking patients to take deep breaths or allowing them to watch cystoscopy videos while manually compressing the irrigation fluid bag during the passage of the cystoscope through the bulbar urethra, just distal to the external urinary sphincter, can reduce pain perception. Female patients tend to experience less pain due to the shorter urethral length. Various strategies have been employed to minimize pain and anxiety during the procedure, including listening to music, watching relaxing videos, or allowing patients to view their own cystoscopy recordings during the examination. Given the lack of prior cystoscopy experience, we planned this randomized prospective study to evaluate the effect of age and sex on pain perception during flexible cystoscopy. We believe that the findings of this study may be beneficial in counseling patients during cystoscopic evaluation of urological pathologies",[26,217,218],"Bladder (Urothelial, Transitional Cell) Cancer","Benign Prostate Obstruction (BPO)",[220,221,222],"flexible cystoscopy","outpatient urology","pain perception","2026-01-22",{"date":225,"type":38},"2026-01-29",{"date":227,"type":20},"2026-02-01",{"date":198,"type":20},{"name":230,"class":70},"Kayseri Education and Research Hospital",{"id":232,"slug":233,"hasResults":11,"nctId":234,"briefTitle":235,"officialTitle":236,"acronym":237,"eligibilityCriteria":238,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":211,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":239,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":241,"briefSummary":242,"conditions":243,"keywords":244,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":246,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":247,"startDateStruct":249,"completionDateStruct":250,"leadSponsor":252,"locationsCount":254},"100577190","phase-4-risk-of-recurrent-urethral-stricture-after-treatment-with-paclitaxel-coated-dilatation-balloon-optilume-compared-with-non-coated-dilatation-balloon-100577190","NCT06795074","Risk of Recurrent Urethral Stricture After Treatment With Paclitaxel-Coated Dilatation Balloon (Optilume) Compared With Non-coated Dilatation Balloon","Risk of Recurrent Urethral Stricture After Treatment With Paclitaxel-Coated Dilatation Balloon (Optilume) Compared With Non-coated Dilatation Balloon - a Prospective Randomised Multicentre Study","RUSTIC","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 18 years\n* Urethral stricture recurrence after at least one internal urethrotomy or dilatation\n* Penile or bulbar stricture\n* Length of stricture ≤ 2 cm\n* Eligible for open urethroplasty\n* Able to give informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Stricture of the meatus\n* Sclerosis of the bladder neck\n* Multiple strictures \\\u003C 16 Ch\n* Complete stricture without any lumen\n* Previous dilatation with paclitaxel-coated balloon\n* Previous radiation therapy of the pelvis (e.g. for prostate cancer)\n* Previous pelvic fracture\n* Urethral malignancy\n* Presence of urethral fistula\n* Presence of urethral condyloma\n* Previous open urethroplasty\n* Chronic urinary retention secondary to detrusor inactivity",{"count":240,"type":20},230,[113],"Urethral strictures are often initially treated endoscopically with dilatation or direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU), a procedure where the stricture is incised through the vision of a cystoscope. These methods are easy to perform, they are often well tolerated under local anesthesia and they have a low risk of complications. One disadvantage is the relatively low success rate which is 20-60% when used as a first intervention and considerably lower after several interventions. Instead of repeated endoscopic procedures, it is advisable to perform open urethroplasty. Urethroplasty has a success rate of 65-91% but a higher risk of complications and requires general anesthesia. Therefore, there is a need for a treatment option for recurrent urethral strictures after DVIU or dilatation, before the urethroplasty is performed.\n\nOptilume is a CE-marked paclitaxel-coated dilatation balloon used for treatment of urethral strictures. The industry-sponsored randomised ROBUST III trial from 2022 showed a 75% success rate with Optilume but it is not sure if the results can be generalised to patients who would otherwise be candidates for open urethroplasty and whether the drug coating per se increases the efficacy of balloon dilatation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the addition of paclitaxel-coating can increase the success rate and decrease the need for additional interventions and open urethroplasty for individuals who has a recurrent urethral stricture following at least one previous endoscopic intervention.",[26],[245],"drug-coated dilatation balloon","2026-01-15",{"date":248,"type":38},"2026-01-16",{"date":248,"type":38},{"date":251,"type":20},"2031-02",{"name":253,"class":70},"Vastra Gotaland Region",4,{"id":256,"slug":257,"hasResults":11,"nctId":258,"briefTitle":259,"officialTitle":260,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":261,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":262,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":263,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":264,"briefSummary":265,"conditions":266,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":271,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":272,"startDateStruct":274,"completionDateStruct":276,"leadSponsor":278,"locationsCount":46},"100598686","penile-skin-versus-buccal-mucosal-graft-in-augmentation-urethroplasty-for-long-anterior-urethral-stricture-100598686","NCT07074717","Penile Skin Versus Buccal Mucosal Graft in Augmentation Urethroplasty for Long Anterior Urethral Stricture","Penile Skin Versus Buccal Mucosal Graft in Augmentation Urethroplasty for Long Anterior Urethral Stricture: A Prospective Randomized Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with long segment anterior urethral stricture that was defined as a stricture with a length of more than 1 cm with spongiofibrosis.\n* Patients with previous failed urethral dilatation or direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with lichen sclerosus\n* Patients with history of hypospadias repair\n* Patients with recurrent urethral stricture after failed previous urethroplasty","18 Months",{"count":19,"type":20},[23],"The aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft (BMG) and penile skin graft (PSG) urethroplasty in the management of long segment bulbar urethral stricture.",[267,268,269,190,270,26],"Penile Skin","Buccal Mucosal Graft","Augmentation","Long Anterior","2025-07-10",{"date":273,"type":38},"2025-07-20",{"date":275,"type":38},"2025-01-01",{"date":277,"type":20},"2025-12-01",{"name":279,"class":45},"Tanta University",{"id":281,"slug":282,"hasResults":11,"nctId":283,"briefTitle":284,"officialTitle":284,"acronym":285,"eligibilityCriteria":286,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":287,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":289,"briefSummary":290,"conditions":291,"keywords":295,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":300,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":301,"startDateStruct":303,"completionDateStruct":305,"leadSponsor":306,"locationsCount":308},"100579662","treatment-of-bulbar-urethral-strictures-with-optilume-drug-coated-balloons-in-an-untreated-population-100579662","NCT06827210","Treatment of Bulbar Urethral Strictures With Optilume Drug-Coated Balloons in an Untreated Population","FIRST-CARE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male patients aged 18 years or older.\n* Diagnosed with a treatment-naive, single bulbar urethral stricture.\n* Stricture length ≤3 cm.\n* Eligible for local treatment with paclitaxel.\n* Able to provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female (chromosomal) sex.\n* History of prior urethral stricture or prior treatment thereof.\n* History of hypospadias repair.\n* History of genital lichen sclerosis.\n* Active or unresolved confounding etiology, including bladder neck contracture, neurogenic bladder, known or being evaluated for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or surgical treatment for BPH within the last 5 years.\n* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to paclitaxel or any component of the Optilume DCB.\n* Known peripheral artery disease.\n* Severe comorbidities with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 4 or higher.\n* Patients unable to comply with follow-up protocols or provide informed consent.",{"count":288,"type":20},140,[23],"This randomized controlled trial investigates the effectiveness and safety of the Optilume® drug-coated balloon (DCB) compared to standard direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) in the treatment of bulbar urethral strictures. The primary objective is to assess freedom from repeat intervention at 12 months. Secondary objectives include evaluating urethral patency, urinary symptoms, and sexual function through objective measures (Qmax, PVR, cystoscopy) and patient-reported outcomes (USS-PROM, IPSS, IIEF-5). The study will recruit 140 participants across multiple sites, with follow-ups conducted at 6 and 12 months. This trial seeks to provide evidence for Optilume DCB as a safe and effective alternative to standard treatment.",[26,292,293,294],"Urethral Stricture, Anterior","Urethral Stricture, Male","Urethral Stricture Less Than 2 cm",[26,296,297,298,299],"Optilume Drug-Coated Balloon","DVIU","Urology","Patient-Reported Outcomes","2025-02-13",{"date":302,"type":38},"2025-02-14",{"date":304,"type":20},"2025-02-07",{"date":67,"type":20},{"name":307,"class":45},"Aalborg University Hospital",3,{"id":310,"slug":311,"hasResults":11,"nctId":312,"briefTitle":313,"officialTitle":314,"acronym":315,"eligibilityCriteria":316,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":317,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":319,"briefSummary":320,"conditions":321,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":323,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":324,"startDateStruct":326,"completionDateStruct":328,"leadSponsor":330,"locationsCount":46},"100436573","multi-stage-urethroplasty-with-augmentation-using-a-dorsal-graft-inlay-technique-comparing-graft-use-in-first-or-second-stage-100436573","NCT04965025","Multi-stage Urethroplasty with Augmentation Using a Dorsal Graft Inlay Technique Comparing Graft Use in First or Second Stage","MAGIC I TRIAL - Multi-stage Urethroplasty with Augmentation Using a Dorsal Graft Inlay Technique Comparing Graft Use in First or Second Stage: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study","MAGIC I","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Voluntarily signed written informed consent according to the rules of Good Clinical Practice (Declaration of Helsinki) and national regulations.\n* Age ≥ 18 years.\n* Male patient.\n* Fit for operation, upon surgeon's discretion.\n* Isolated penile stricture that requires a multi-stage urethroplasty with dorsal inlay of a graft (upon surgeon's discretion).\n* Use of oral mucosa as graft material.\n* Patient is able and willing to comply with protocol.\n* Prior urethral surgery (dilation, urethrotomy of urethroplasty) is allowed.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Absence of signed written informed consent.\n* Age \\\u003C 18 years.\n* Female patients.\n* Transgender patients.\n* Patients unfit for operation.\n* Stricture disease extending beyond the penile urethra or concomitant stricture at a different urethral segment.\n* Use of graft other than oral mucosa.\n* Any condition or situation, which, in the investigator's opinion, puts the patient at significant risk, could confound the study results, or may interfere significantly with the patient's participation in the study.\n* Unwilling or unable to comply with study protocol.\n* Patients deciding not to undergo the second stage will be excluded post-hoc.\n* When the surgeon intra-operatively decides to carry out a single-stage procedure after all, the patient will also be excluded post-hoc.\n* If the surgeon decides that no graft is needed to retubularize the urethra, the patient will also be excluded post-hoc.\n* If the surgeon decides that a two-stage Bracka repair is needed, where the urethral plate is entirely cut away during the first stage and grafted, the patient will also be excluded post-hoc.",{"count":318,"type":20},30,[23],"The principal aim of this pilot study is to directly compare both approaches and analyze the failure rate after one year of follow-up. These data will serve as the basis to design a larger phase II or III trial in the future with failure rate as the primary end-point. Other study objectives are thoroughly described underneath.",[322,26],"Urethra Stenosis","2024-09-05",{"date":325,"type":38},"2024-09-19",{"date":327,"type":38},"2020-11-11",{"date":329,"type":20},"2025-03-01",{"name":331,"class":45},"University Hospital, Ghent",{"id":333,"slug":334,"hasResults":11,"nctId":335,"briefTitle":336,"officialTitle":337,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":338,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":339,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":139,"phases":4,"briefSummary":341,"conditions":342,"keywords":343,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":347,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":348,"startDateStruct":350,"completionDateStruct":352,"leadSponsor":354,"locationsCount":46},"100543915","urethral-stricture-database-100543915","NCT06362083","Urethral Stricture Database","Construction of a Clinical Urethral Stricture Database for a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nAll patients undergoing any of the following urethral surgeries are included:\n\n* Internal urethrotomy according to Sachse (endoscopic transurethral urethrotomy)\n* End-to-end anastomosis\n* Urethral plastic surgeries with oral mucosa graft (potentially penile skin)\n* Urethral plastic surgeries with mesh graft\n* Hypospadias corrections\n* Boutonniere\n* (Self) bougienage of the urethra\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Lack of capacity to consent",{"count":340,"type":20},500,"Establishment of a clinical urethral stricture database for a prospective longitudinal cohort study.",[26],[344,345,346],"Reconstructive surgery","Quality of life","Perioperative Outcomes","2024-04-08",{"date":349,"type":38},"2024-04-12",{"date":351,"type":38},"2024-01-15",{"date":353,"type":20},"2034-03-15",{"name":355,"class":45},"Medical University of Graz",{"id":357,"slug":358,"hasResults":11,"nctId":359,"briefTitle":360,"officialTitle":361,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":362,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":211,"minAge":363,"maxAge":364,"enrollmentInfo":365,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":139,"phases":4,"briefSummary":367,"conditions":368,"keywords":369,"overallStatus":90,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":374,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":375,"startDateStruct":377,"completionDateStruct":379,"leadSponsor":381,"locationsCount":100},"100368025","9000-urethra-study-a-study-about-urethroplasty-for-urethral-stricture-disease-100368025","NCT04071925","9000 URETHRA STUDY: a Study About Urethroplasty for Urethral Stricture Disease","9000 URETHRA STUDY: a Prospective, Observational Study About Urethroplasty for Urethral Stricture Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Voluntarily signed written informed consent according to the rules of Good Clinical Practice (Declaration of Helsinki) and national regulations.\n* Patient age ≥ 6 years.\n* If a patient reaches the age of 18 years, he or she will have to provide a new voluntarily signed written informed consent. All patients reaching the age of 18 years will be contacted by the Principal Investigator or Subinvestigator to provide a new voluntarily signed written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- Absence of signed written informed consent and thus a patient unwilling to participate.","6 Years","100 Years",{"count":366,"type":20},1000,"It has been demonstrated that urethroplasty should be considered the gold standard treatment for urethral stricture disease as it yields higher long-term success rates than endoscopic treatment options such as direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) or dilation. Many data about these procedures exist, although most of the publications about urethroplasty are retrospective and involve a tremendous risk of bias. To address these issues, this study is designed to prospectively gain evidence about this matter in all patient subgroups facing a potential treatment with urethroplasty: native men, native women, transmen, transwomen and children.",[26],[370,371,372,373],"urethral stricture disease","urethral stricture","urethra","urethroplasty","2024-01-02",{"date":376,"type":38},"2024-01-03",{"date":378,"type":38},"2019-09-01",{"date":380,"type":20},"2029-12-31",{"name":331,"class":45}]