[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"urolithiasis\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:urolithiasis":28},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,33,0,25,[9,60,88,117,147,175,203,233,252,268,295,318,345,370,392,419,441,468,490,518,542,566,590,618,647],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":16,"eligibilityCriteria":17,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":24,"briefSummary":26,"conditions":27,"keywords":32,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":48,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":49,"startDateStruct":52,"completionDateStruct":54,"leadSponsor":56,"locationsCount":59},"100645126","access-sheaths-with-aspiration-for-renal-retrograde-surgery-randomized-comparative-outcomes-100645126",false,"NCT07678255","Access Sheaths With Aspiration for Renal RetrOgrade Surgery, Randomized CompArative Outcomes","ACCESS SHEATHS WITH ASPIRATION FOR RETROGRADE RENAL SURGERY, RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES","ARROCA01","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥18 years\n* Diagnosis of intrarenal lithiasis with maximum stone diameter of 1-3 cm on preoperative non-contrast abdomino-pelvic CT scan\n* Candidate for treatment by flexible ureteroscopy (RIRS) as indicated by the treating urologist\n* Attended at the Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Seville, Spain)\n* Willing and able to provide written informed consent\n* Able to comply with the study follow-up schedule (CT scan at 1 and 3 months post-intervention)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active urinary tract infection or urosepsis at the time of the planned intervention\n* Known ureteral stricture precluding passage of a ureteral access sheath\n* Pregnancy\n* Prior urinary diversion incompatible with transurethral access (e.g., urinary conduit, neobladder)\n* Bleeding disorder or anticoagulant\u002Fantiplatelet therapy that cannot be safely interrupted perioperatively\n* Stone diameter \\\u003C1 cm or \\>3 cm on preoperative CT\n* Inability to provide informed consent (cognitive impairment, language barrier without interpreter availability)\n* Simultaneous participation in another clinical trial that could interfere with the outcomes of this study","ALL","18 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},156,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[25],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether the ClearPetra ureteral access sheath (Coloplast) is more effective than the Navigator ureteral access sheath (Boston Scientific) in treating intrarenal kidney stones of 1-3 cm in adult patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy (RIRS). The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes ClearPetra achieve a higher stone-free rate at 1 month post-intervention compared to Navigator, as assessed by non-contrast abdominal-pelvic CT scan?\n\nDoes ClearPetra reduce total surgical time compared to Navigator?\n\nDoes ClearPetra lower the retreatment rate at 3 months compared to Navigator?\n\nDoes ClearPetra present a rate of clinically significant complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ II) that is lower than or similar to Navigator?\n\nResearchers will compare flexible ureteroscopy using the ClearPetra vacuum-assisted flexible ureteral access sheath to flexible ureteroscopy using the Navigator standard rigid ureteral access sheath, to see if ClearPetra leads to higher stone clearance rates while maintaining a comparable safety profile.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nUndergo flexible ureteroscopy (RIRS) using one of two randomly assigned ureteral access sheaths (ClearPetra or Navigator), determined by computer-generated randomization immediately before surgery\n\nHave a non-contrast abdominal-pelvic CT scan at 1 month post-intervention to assess stone-free status\n\nHave a non-contrast abdominal-pelvic CT scan at 3 months post-intervention to evaluate residual fragments and the need for retreatment\n\nAttend follow-up visits at 1 month and 3 months post-surgery for clinical assessment and complication recording\n\nThe study will be conducted at the Urology Department of Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Seville, Spain), a tertiary reference centre. A total of 156 patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio (78 per group), with pre-defined subgroup analyses stratified by stone size (1-2 cm vs. \\>2 cm). The outcome assessor evaluating CT images for stone-free rate will be blinded to treatment allocation (single-blind).",[28,29,30,31],"Urolithiasis","Nephrolithiasis","Kidney Calculi","Ureteroscopy",[33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46],"Flexible ureteroscopy","Retrograde intrarenal surgery","RIRS","Ureteral access sheath","ClearPetra","Navigator","Stone-free rate","Laser lithotripsy","Intrarenal lithiasis","Vacuum-assisted sheath","Clavien-Dindo","Stone fragmentation","Endourology","Urinary tract calculi","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-25",{"date":50,"type":51},"2026-07-01","ACTUAL",{"date":53,"type":22},"2026-09-15",{"date":55,"type":22},"2030-05",{"name":57,"class":58},"Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío","OTHER",1,{"id":61,"slug":62,"hasResults":12,"nctId":63,"briefTitle":64,"officialTitle":65,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":66,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":67,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":69,"briefSummary":70,"conditions":71,"keywords":73,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":78,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":79,"startDateStruct":81,"completionDateStruct":83,"leadSponsor":85,"locationsCount":59},"100613909","pmcf-investigation-of-modulith-slx-f2-with-storm-track-in-patients-with-kidney-stones-100613909","NCT07272720","PMCF Investigation of MODULITH® SLX-F2 With StorM-Track in Patients With Kidney Stones","Post-Market Clinical Follow-Up Investigation of MODULITH® SLX-F2 With StorM-Track in Patients With Kidney Stones - A Confirmatory Parallel-Group, Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age ≥ 18 years\n2. Single kidney stone (6 - 15 mm) in the target kidney\n3. Stone density assessed by Hounsfield unit value (HU) ≤ 1,200 HU\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. BMI \\> 34.9\n2. Target stone that cannot be localised\n3. Presence of one or more additional stones \\> 4 mm in the target kidney\n4. Presence of one or more additional stones ≤ 4 mm located in the same calyx (upper, mid, or lower pole) or in the renal pelvis as the target stone\n5. Stones with a density value of \\> 1,200 HU\n6. Skin to stone distance (SSD) \\> 160 mm\n7. The presence of obstructions, malformations or other factors preventing targeting or passing of the stone, including but not limited to the following:\n\n   1. Skeletal malformations and obesity, preventing targeting of the stone\n   2. Malignant tumour in the shockwave path\n   3. Arterial aneurysm or calcium deposits, or thrombosis in shockwave path\n   4. Brain, spinal column or air-filled tissue, especially the lungs, in the shockwave path\n   5. Obstruction distal to the stone (as this would hinder the passage of fragments through collecting system or ureter)\n8. Any disease\u002Fmedical condition, prior or concomitant medication\u002Ftreatment\u002Fintervention, or implant that may affect this clinical investigation, and\u002For is contraindicated for the IMD, including but not limited to the following:\n\n   1. Severe nephrocalcinosis\n   2. Uncontrolled urinary tract infection\n   3. Coagulation disorders and bleeding diathesis, not compensated according to urological and hemostaseological guidelines\n   4. Anticoagulation or platelet inhibition therapy, not bridged according to urological and hemostaseological guidelines\n   5. Uncontrolled hypertension\n   6. Blood pressure \\> 180\u002F100\n   7. Active cardiac implants that are not authorized for use with ESWL\n   8. Pancreatitis\n   9. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome\n   10. Administration of contrast agents containing gases for ultrasound diagnostics less than 24 hours before treatment.\n9. Pregnancy",{"count":68,"type":22},126,[25],"Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive standard treatment for kidney stones.\n\nThis study will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ESWL using MODULITH® SLX-F2 with stone tracking, compared to MODULITH® SLX-F2 without stone tracking, in adult patients with kidney stones, as measured by stone-free status.",[72,28],"Kidney Stones",[74,28,75,76],"Kidney stones","Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy","ESWL","RECRUITING","2026-06-24",{"date":80,"type":51},"2026-06-29",{"date":82,"type":51},"2025-12-11",{"date":84,"type":22},"2028-10",{"name":86,"class":87},"Storz Medical AG","INDUSTRY",{"id":89,"slug":90,"hasResults":12,"nctId":91,"briefTitle":92,"officialTitle":93,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":94,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":95,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":97,"briefSummary":98,"conditions":99,"keywords":101,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":108,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":109,"startDateStruct":110,"completionDateStruct":112,"leadSponsor":114,"locationsCount":116},"100641920","antibiotic-irrigation-and-suction-ureteral-access-sheath-in-rirs-100641920","NCT07655050","Antibiotic Irrigation and Suction Ureteral Access Sheath in RIRS","The Combined Effect of Antibiotic Irrigation and Aspiration Ureteral Access Sheath on Infectious Complications in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Factorial Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients scheduled for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) due to kidney stones\n* Male and female patients aged 18 years or older\n* Patients who voluntarily sign the informed consent form\n* Patients with sterile urine culture or whose preoperative infection has been treated and urine culture has become sterile\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with active urinary tract infection before surgery\n* Patients with chronic kidney disease\n* Pregnant patients\n* Patients with allergy to aminoglycoside-group drugs used in the study protocol, specifically gentamicin\n* Cases in which the ureter cannot be accessed and the procedure is postponed by placing a double-J stent instead of performing dilation",{"count":96,"type":22},180,[25],"Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a widely used treatment for kidney stones; however, postoperative infectious complications remain a significant concern. This prospective randomized factorial trial aims to evaluate whether gentamicin-containing irrigation fluid and the use of a suction ureteral access sheath can reduce postoperative fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and sepsis after RIRS. The study will also investigate the independent and combined effects of these two interventions on infectious outcomes.",[30,28,100],"Urinary Tract Infections",[34,102,103,104,105,106,107],"Kidney stone","Gentamicin","Irrigation fluid","Infectious complications","Urinary tract infection","SEPSİS","2026-06-21",{"date":78,"type":51},{"date":111,"type":51},"2026-06-15",{"date":113,"type":22},"2027-05-08",{"name":115,"class":58},"Hitit University",2,{"id":118,"slug":119,"hasResults":12,"nctId":120,"briefTitle":121,"officialTitle":122,"acronym":123,"eligibilityCriteria":124,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":125,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":127,"briefSummary":128,"conditions":129,"keywords":132,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":138,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":139,"startDateStruct":141,"completionDateStruct":143,"leadSponsor":145,"locationsCount":59},"100639910","effects-of-virtual-reality-education-on-anxiety-and-learning-in-patients-undergoing-urolithiasis-surgery-100639910","NCT07620873","Effects of Virtual Reality Education on Anxiety and Learning in Patients Undergoing Urolithiasis Surgery","The Effects of Two-Tier Test-Based Virtual Reality Education on Anxiety, Knowledge, Self-Care Ability, and Cognitive Load in Patients Undergoing Urolithiasis Surgery","VR-URO","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients scheduled to undergo urolithiasis surgery with procedure codes 77026B, 77027B, 77028B, or 76016B.\n* Aged 18 years or older.\n* Conscious and mentally alert.\n* Able to communicate in Mandarin Chinese and read written text.\n* Able to understand and operate virtual reality equipment.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with current psychiatric disorders or substance abuse.\n* Patients with hearing or visual impairment.\n* Patients with visual dizziness, vertigo, or virtual reality motion sickness symptoms.\n* Patients who are unable to cooperate or unwilling to participate in the study.",{"count":126,"type":22},90,[25],"This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of two-tier virtual reality-based preoperative education on anxiety, learning knowledge, self-care ability, and cognitive load in patients undergoing urolithiasis surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to routine education, standard virtual reality education, or two-tier virtual reality education groups. Outcomes will be assessed using anxiety scales, knowledge questionnaires, self-care ability measures, and cognitive load assessments before and after the intervention.",[28,130,131],"Kidney Stone","Ureter Stones",[133,134,28,135,136,137],"Virtual Reality","Preoperative Education","Anxiety","Self-Care Ability","Cognitive Load","2026-06-01",{"date":140,"type":51},"2026-06-02",{"date":142,"type":22},"2026-07",{"date":144,"type":22},"2027-05",{"name":146,"class":58},"Wei-Lin, Huang",{"id":148,"slug":149,"hasResults":12,"nctId":150,"briefTitle":151,"officialTitle":152,"acronym":153,"eligibilityCriteria":154,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":155,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":157,"briefSummary":158,"conditions":159,"keywords":162,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":166,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":167,"startDateStruct":169,"completionDateStruct":171,"leadSponsor":172,"locationsCount":174},"100638175","comfij-versus-conventional-double-j-stent-for-ureteral-stent-symptoms-100638175","NCT07627828","ComfiJ Versus Conventional Double-J Stent for Ureteral Stent Symptoms","Evaluation of Stent-Related Symptoms After ComfiJ Ureteric Stent Versus Conventional Double-J Ureteric Stent: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial","COMFIJ-DJS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 to 80 years.\n* Adult patients undergoing unilateral ureteroscopy or retrograde intrarenal surgery for ureteric or renal stones.\n* Intraoperative confirmation that short-term postoperative ureteric stenting for approximately 2 weeks is clinically indicated.\n* Indications for postoperative stenting may include ureteric edema, minor ureteric mucosal trauma, need for ureteric dilatation, ureteral access sheath use with expected postoperative edema, impacted stone, residual dust or fragments requiring temporary drainage, or prolonged procedure.\n* Ability to understand and complete the Arabic Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire.\n* Ability to provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cases in which no postoperative ureteric stent is clinically indicated.\n* Cases requiring prolonged urinary drainage or major reconstructive decision-making.\n* Bilateral ureteroscopy or retrograde intrarenal surgery.\n* Solitary kidney.\n* Major ureteric injury or ureteric perforation.\n* Preoperative febrile urinary tract infection or sepsis.\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.\n* Neurogenic bladder.\n* Overactive bladder syndrome.\n* Major neurological disease or psychiatric disease affecting symptom reporting.\n* History of major bladder, prostate, or pelvic surgery likely to confound stent-related symptoms.\n* Concomitant use of alpha-blockers, anticholinergics, chronic analgesics, or other medications likely to alter symptom evaluation.\n* Other acute medical conditions that might influence the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire pain score, including acute pancreatitis, acute gastroenteritis, or musculoskeletal disorders.\n* Known allergy to any study-related medication or device material.\n* Inability to comply with the follow-up schedule.",{"count":156,"type":22},150,[25],"This prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial will compare stent-related symptoms after placement of a ComfiJ ureteral stent versus a conventional double-J ureteral stent in adult patients undergoing unilateral ureteroscopy or retrograde intrarenal surgery for urinary stones when short-term postoperative ureteral stenting is clinically indicated. Eligible patients will be randomized intraoperatively after the operating surgeon confirms the need for postoperative stenting. The primary outcome will be the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire urinary symptoms domain score on postoperative day 14 before planned stent removal.",[160,161,28],"Ureteral Stent-Related Symptoms","Ureteral Calculi",[163,164,165,31],"ComfiJ ureteral stent","Conventional double-J ureteral stent","Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire","2026-05-30",{"date":168,"type":51},"2026-06-04",{"date":170,"type":51},"2026-05-02",{"date":144,"type":22},{"name":173,"class":58},"Beni-Suef University",3,{"id":176,"slug":177,"hasResults":12,"nctId":178,"briefTitle":179,"officialTitle":180,"acronym":181,"eligibilityCriteria":182,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":183,"enrollmentInfo":184,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":186,"phases":4,"briefSummary":187,"conditions":188,"keywords":189,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":166,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":195,"startDateStruct":197,"completionDateStruct":199,"leadSponsor":200,"locationsCount":202},"100638554","iau-percutaneous-nephrolithotripsy-study-100638554","NCT07622238","IAU Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy Study","International Alliance of Urolithiasis Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy Study","IAUPCNL","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient age 18 years or older at the time of enrollment.\n* Diagnosed with single or multiple renal calculi (including complex and staghorn calculi) or proximal ureteral stones.\n* Scheduled to undergo any primary or secondary percutaneous surgical stone intervention, including standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or any of its miniaturized variations (Mini-PCNL, Ultra-mini PCNL, Super-mini PCNL, or Micro-PCNL).\n* Voluntarily provided written informed consent for participation and data utilization.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient age under 18 years.\n* Patients scheduled to undergo alternative primary treatment modalities for the targeted stone burden as a standalone procedure (e.g., retrograde intrarenal surgery \\[RIRS\\] or shockwave lithotripsy \\[SWL\\]).\n* Presence of an active, untreated urinary tract infection (UTI) or clinical urosepsis at the time of the scheduled surgical procedure.\n* Uncorrected severe coagulopathy or uncorrectable bleeding diathesis.\n* Missing, incomplete, or unavailable medical charts or follow-up records rendering outcome assessment impossible.","100 Years",{"count":185,"type":22},4000,"OBSERVATIONAL","During the past 10-15 years, important advancements have been witnessed in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques and instrumentation. The development of miniaturized PCNL techniques and modern laser technologies has contributed to lower complication rates, alongside changes in exiting strategies and postoperative drainage protocols. Ultrasound is increasingly utilized to create percutaneous access, and many medical centers have transitioned to the supine position for PCNL or perform Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery (ECIRS). All these developments have helped to individualize treatment strategies and to improve clinical outcomes for patients. However, there remains an ongoing discussion regarding the optimal indications and limitations of the different miniaturized PCNL techniques compared to standard PCNL and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).\n\nThis prospective observational study is organized under the auspices of the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) and focuses on the contemporary indications, surgical techniques, instrumentation, exiting strategies, efficacy, and risk factors for intraoperative and postoperative complications of PCNL. Participating investigators will collect data on the PCNL procedures performed in their respective clinical centers prospectively for a period of 12-18 months. The study will be initiated in each clinical center following formal approval from the IAU Scientific Committee, which will also announce the conclusion of the study.",[28,30],[190,191,192,28,72,193,194],"Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy","Standart PCNL","Mini-PCNL","Postoperative Complications","Efficacy",{"date":196,"type":51},"2026-06-03",{"date":198,"type":51},"2019-08-15",{"date":111,"type":22},{"name":201,"class":58},"Foundation Endourology",4,{"id":204,"slug":205,"hasResults":12,"nctId":206,"briefTitle":207,"officialTitle":208,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":209,"healthyVolunteers":210,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":211,"enrollmentInfo":212,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":214,"briefSummary":215,"conditions":216,"keywords":222,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":224,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":225,"startDateStruct":227,"completionDateStruct":229,"leadSponsor":231,"locationsCount":116},"100592122","endogenous-oxalate-synthesis-in-idiopathic-calcium-oxalate-kidney-stone-disease-100592122","NCT06989320","Endogenous Oxalate Synthesis in Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease","Endogenous Oxalate Synthesis in Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formers","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* age 18-80 yrs\n* Body Mass Index \\> 18.5 kg\u002Fm2\n* Normal fasting serum electrolytes on comprehensive metabolic profile\n* Willing to ingest fixed diets\n* Willing to stop supplements (vitamins including vitamin C, calcium (citrate or carbonate) and other minerals, herbal supplements, nutritional aids, probiotics) for 2 weeks before start and during study.\n* For stone formers: first time or recurrent Calcium Oxalate stone former. Composition of most recent stone ≥ 50% calcium oxalate if available, uric acid component \\\u003C20%\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Chronic Kidney Disease stage 4-5\n* Primary hyperoxaluria, Enteric (secondary) hyperoxaluria\n* Liver, bowel, endocrine or renal diseases (other than idiopathic Calcium Oxalate kidney stones) or any other condition that may influence the absorption, transport or urinary excretion of ions, which will compromise the interpretation of results, including: Cystic fibrosis, Celiac disease, Cystinuria, Uric acid stone former, Nephrotic syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Renal tubular acidosis, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Neurogenic bladder, Urinary diversion, Chronic diarrhea, Bariatric surgery, Inflammatory bowel disease\n* Pregnancy or breast-feeding\n* Incompatible dietary requirements with the study, food allergies or intolerance to any of the foods in study menus\n* Active malignancy or treatment for malignancy within 12 months prior to screening\n* Utilization of immunosuppressive medication\n* Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes\n* Diabetes type 1",true,"80 Years",{"count":213,"type":22},80,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial study is to test if patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones have an increased production of oxalate by the body, which would lead to increased urinary excretion of oxalate.\n\nThe study will recruit adult patients with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones and healthy volunteers without kidney stones.\n\nParticipants will\n\ningest fixed diets containing low amounts of oxalate for 5 days ingest a soluble form of glycolate and vitamin C collect urine, blood, stool during the dietary and oral dosing portions of the study and also collect breath sample during the oral glycolate test",[72,30,28,217,29,218,219,220,221],"Urolithiasis, Calcium Oxalate","Nephrolithiasis, Calcium Oxalate","Oxalate Urolithiasis","Healthy","Healthy Volunteer",[223],"oxalate synthesis","2026-05-27",{"date":226,"type":51},"2026-05-29",{"date":228,"type":51},"2025-05-27",{"date":230,"type":22},"2031-12-31",{"name":232,"class":58},"University of Alabama at Birmingham",{"id":234,"slug":235,"hasResults":12,"nctId":236,"briefTitle":237,"officialTitle":238,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":239,"healthyVolunteers":210,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":240,"enrollmentInfo":241,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":242,"briefSummary":243,"conditions":244,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":224,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":246,"startDateStruct":248,"completionDateStruct":250,"leadSponsor":251,"locationsCount":116},"100541567","gut-oxalate-absorption-in-calcium-oxalate-stone-disease-100541567","NCT06331546","Gut Oxalate Absorption in Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease","Gastrointestinal Oxalate Absorption in Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* age 18-70 yrs\n* Body Mass Index \\> 18.5 kg\u002Fm2\n* Normal fasting serum electrolytes on comprehensive metabolic profile\n* Willing to ingest fixed diets\n* Willing to stop supplements (vitamins including vitamin C, calcium (citrate or carbonate) and other minerals, herbal supplements, nutritional aids, probiotics) for 2 weeks before start and during study.\n* For stone formers: first time or recurrent Calcium Oxalate stone former. Composition of most recent stone ≥ 50% calcium oxalate if available, uric acid component \\\u003C20%\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Chronic Kidney Disease stage 4-5\n* Primary hyperoxaluria, Enteric (secondary) hyperoxaluria\n* Liver, bowel, endocrine or renal diseases (other than idiopathic Calcium Oxalate kidney stones) or any other condition that may influence the absorption, transport or urinary excretion of ions, which will compromise the interpretation of results, including: Cystic fibrosis, Celiac disease, Cystinuria, Uric acid stone former, Nephrotic syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Renal tubular acidosis, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Neurogenic bladder, Urinary diversion, Chronic diarrhea, Bariatric surgery, Inflammatory bowel disease\n* Pregnancy or breast-feeding\n* Incompatible dietary requirements with the study, food allergies or intolerance to any of the foods in study menus\n* Active malignancy or treatment for malignancy within 12 months prior to screening\n* Utilization of immunosuppressive medication\n* Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes\n* Diabetes type 1\n* Chronic NSAID use","70 Years",{"count":213,"type":22},[25],"The goal of this clinical trial study is to test if patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones have an increased absorption of dietary oxalate, which would lead to increased urinary excretion of oxalate.\n\nThe study will recruit adult patients with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones and healthy volunteers without kidney stones.\n\nParticipants will\n\n* ingest fixed diets containing low and moderately high amounts of oxalate for 5 days at a time\n* ingest a soluble form of oxalate and sugar preparations to test gut permeability\n* collect urine, blood, stool and breath sample during the fixed diets and the soluble oxalate test",[130,30,28,217,29,218,219,245,220],"Oxaluria",{"date":247,"type":51},"2026-05-28",{"date":249,"type":51},"2024-04-17",{"date":230,"type":22},{"name":232,"class":58},{"id":253,"slug":254,"hasResults":12,"nctId":255,"briefTitle":256,"officialTitle":257,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":258,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":240,"enrollmentInfo":259,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":261,"briefSummary":262,"conditions":263,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":224,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":264,"startDateStruct":265,"completionDateStruct":266,"leadSponsor":267,"locationsCount":116},"100541467","o-formigenes-colonization-in-calcium-oxalate-kidney-stone-disease-100541467","NCT06330246","O. Formigenes Colonization in Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease","Oxalobacter Formigenes Colonization in Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formers","Inclusion Criteria\n\n* age 19-70 yrs\n* Body Mass Index \\> 18.5 kg\u002Fm2\n* First time or recurrent Calcium Oxalate stone former. Composition of most recent stone ≥ 50% calcium oxalate if available\n* Not colonized with Oxalobacter formigenes\n* Normal fasting serum electrolytes on comprehensive metabolic profile\n* Willing to ingest fixed diets\n* Willing to stop supplements (vitamins including vitamin C, calcium (citrate or carbonate) and other minerals, herbal supplements, nutritional aids, probiotics) for 2 weeks before start and during fixed diet phases.\n* If on medications for stone prevention (e.g. thiazides, citrate, allopurinol), stable dose regimen for at least 2 weeks prior to and during study\n\nExclusion Criteria\n\n* Chronic Kidney Disease stage 4-5\n* Primary hyperoxaluria\n* Liver, endocrine or renal diseases (other than idiopathic Calcium Oxalate kidney stones) or any other condition that may influence the absorption, transport or urinary excretion of ions, which will compromise the interpretation of results, including: Cystic fibrosis, Cystinuria, Uric acid stone former, Nephrotic syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Renal tubular acidosis, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Neurogenic bladder, Urinary diversion\n* Pregnancy or breast-feeding\n* Incompatible dietary requirements with the study, food allergies or intolerance to any of the foods in study menus\n* Active malignancy or treatment for malignancy within 12 months prior to screening\n* Utilization of immunosuppressive medication\n* Uncontrolled Hypertension or diabetes\n* Diabetes type 1\n* Current Colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes",{"count":260,"type":22},40,[25],"The goal of this trial is to test if colonization with the gut bacteria Oxalobacter formigenes leads to a reduction in urinary oxalate excretion in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.\n\nThe study will recruit adult participants with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones who are not colonized with Oxalobacter formigenes.\n\nParticipants will\n\n* ingest fixed diets containing low and moderately high amounts of oxalate for 4 days at a time\n* collect urine, blood and stool samples during the fixed diets\n* ingest a preparation of live Oxalobacter formigenes to induce colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes",[130,30,28,217,29,218,219,245],{"date":247,"type":51},{"date":249,"type":51},{"date":230,"type":22},{"name":232,"class":58},{"id":269,"slug":270,"hasResults":12,"nctId":271,"briefTitle":272,"officialTitle":273,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":274,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":275,"enrollmentInfo":276,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":278,"briefSummary":280,"conditions":281,"keywords":283,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":288,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":289,"startDateStruct":290,"completionDateStruct":292,"leadSponsor":294,"locationsCount":59},"100637394","phase-2-l-citrulline-versus-tamsulosin-for-medical-expulsive-therapy-of-distal-ureteral-stones-100637394","NCT07617909","L-Citrulline Versus Tamsulosin for Medical Expulsive Therapy of Distal Ureteral Stones","L-Citrulline Versus Tamsulosin for Medical Expulsive Therapy of Distal Ureteral Stones: A Prospective Randomized Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 to 60 years.\n* Single distal ureteral stone.\n* Stone size 5 to 10 mm.\n* Normal renal function.\n* Controlled pain.\n* Willingness to comply with follow-up for 4 weeks.\n* Written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Fever or active urinary tract infection.\n* Severe hydronephrosis.\n* Solitary kidney.\n* Pregnancy.\n* Previous ureteric surgery.\n* Multiple ureteral stones.\n* Indication for urgent surgical intervention.\n* Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to L-citrulline or tamsulosin.\n* Inability to complete follow-up.","60 Years",{"count":277,"type":22},120,[279],"PHASE2","This study will compare L-citrulline and tamsulosin as medical expulsive therapy for adults with single distal ureteral stones.\n\nEligible participants with a single distal ureteral stone measuring 5 to 10 mm will be randomly assigned to receive either oral L-citrulline 750 mg twice daily or oral tamsulosin 0.4 mg once daily. Treatment will continue until documented stone passage or completion of 4 weeks of therapy, whichever occurs first.\n\nParticipants will be followed weekly for up to 4 weeks. The main outcome is stone expulsion within 4 weeks. The study will also assess time to stone expulsion, pain episodes, analgesic use, need for additional intervention, and adverse events.",[282,28,161],"Distal Ureteral Stone",[284,285,286,287],"L-Citrulline","Medical Expulsive Therapy","Ureteral Stone Passage","Tamsulosin","2026-05-25",{"date":138,"type":51},{"date":291,"type":51},"2026-05-06",{"date":293,"type":22},"2026-11",{"name":173,"class":58},{"id":296,"slug":297,"hasResults":12,"nctId":298,"briefTitle":299,"officialTitle":300,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":301,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":302,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":303,"briefSummary":305,"conditions":306,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":310,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":311,"startDateStruct":312,"completionDateStruct":314,"leadSponsor":316,"locationsCount":59},"100528273","phase-1-intra-nasal-ketorolac-for-acute-ureteral-stent-associated-pain-following-ureteroscopy-for-stone-disease-100528273","NCT06158620","Intra-nasal Ketorolac for Acute Ureteral Stent-associated Pain Following Ureteroscopy for Stone Disease","Intra-nasal Ketorolac Versus Oral Diclofenac for Acute Ureteral Stent-associated Pain Following Ureteroscopy for Stone Disease","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* ≥18 years old\n* English-speaking\n* Candidate for unilateral ureteroscopy for treatment of urolithiasis\n* Surgical plan includes placement of a ureteral stent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant\u002Fnursing, prisoners, cognitively impaired\n* Solitary kidney\n* Stone in transplant kidney\n* Anatomic abnormalities (i.e., ureteral stricture, infundibular stenosis, uretero-pelvic junction obstruction, horseshoe kidney, duplicated system)\n* History of ureteral reconstruction\n* History of nephrocalcinosis, medullary sponge kidney, cystinuria\n* Immobility or relative immobility\n* Planned staged ureteroscopy\n* History of ureteral stent complication or poor tolerance or a ureteral stent\n* Urinary tract infection or sepsis\n* Current anticoagulation use (81 mg Aspirin permissible)\n* NSAID contraindication (acute renal failure or chronic kidney disease, bleeding disorders, allergic reaction to NSAIDs, ulcer disease, auto-immune disease)",{"count":213,"type":22},[304,279],"PHASE1","Objective: To improve quality-of-life and health care delivery to patients receiving ureteral stents.\n\nSpecific Aims: Evaluate the feasibility, practicality, and qualitative outcomes of utilizing intra-nasal ketorolac in patients with indwelling ureteral stents (Phase I), followed by a randomized trial comparing two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-nasal Ketorolac versus oral Diclofenac.\n\nHypotheses: Due to its favorable pharmacokinetics in relieving acute pain, investigators expect improved pain scores and a lower rate of unplanned clinical encounters in patients receiving intra-nasal ketorolac compared to those taking oral diclofenac following ureteroscopic surgery for urolithiasis.\n\nStudy Rationale: Following ureteroscopic management of urolithiasis, patient with indwelling ureter stents have higher levels of discomfort compared to those without a ureter stent. Prior studies showed that intramuscular Ketorolac at time of ureter stent removal decreased the incidence of unplanned clinical encounters. Furthermore, onset of analgesic effect by intra-nasal ketorolac is faster than its oral form, and similar its intramuscular and intravenous counterparts.",[307,28,308,309],"Post Operative Pain","Ureter Calculi","Stent Complication","2026-05-22",{"date":224,"type":51},{"date":313,"type":51},"2025-03-01",{"date":315,"type":22},"2027-12-01",{"name":317,"class":58},"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center",{"id":319,"slug":320,"hasResults":12,"nctId":321,"briefTitle":322,"officialTitle":323,"acronym":324,"eligibilityCriteria":325,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":326,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":327,"briefSummary":328,"conditions":329,"keywords":332,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":336,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":337,"startDateStruct":339,"completionDateStruct":341,"leadSponsor":343,"locationsCount":174},"100600770","trial-of-ureteroscopy-vs-steerable-continuous-flow-aspiration-technology-100600770","NCT07101809","Trial of Ureteroscopy vs Steerable Continuous Flow Aspiration Technology","Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Steerable Ureteroscopic Renal Evacuation (SURE) With the CVAC® System Compared to Standard Ureteroscopy With no Suction for the Treatment of Renal Stones: a Prospective, Randomized Trial","TRUST","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Candidate for ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy\n* Be willing and able to return for and respond to all study-related follow up procedures\n* Have been informed of the nature of the study and has provided informed consent using the IRB approved informed consent (ICF)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Untreated urinary tract infection at the time of the index procedure\n* Significant comorbidities\n* Bladder, ureteral or kidney abnormalities\n* Pregnant individuals\n* Unable to meet the treatment and follow up protocol requirements",{"count":156,"type":22},[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to compare Steerable Ureteroscopic Renal Evacuation (SURE) using the CVAC System and standard ureteroscopy (URS) with laser lithotripsy for the treatment of urolithiasis. This is a prospective, randomized (1:1), multi-center study.",[28,330,331,72],"Stones, Kidney","Renal Stones",[333,334,335],"ureteroscopy","CVAC","SURE","2026-05-18",{"date":338,"type":51},"2026-05-20",{"date":340,"type":22},"2026-05",{"date":342,"type":22},"2029-07",{"name":344,"class":87},"Calyxo, Inc.",{"id":346,"slug":347,"hasResults":12,"nctId":348,"briefTitle":349,"officialTitle":350,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":351,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":352,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":353,"briefSummary":354,"conditions":355,"keywords":356,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":361,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":362,"startDateStruct":364,"completionDateStruct":366,"leadSponsor":368,"locationsCount":59},"100598523","comparing-efficiency-and-stone-free-rates-mini-pcnl-vs-flex-urs-100598523","NCT07072598","Comparing Efficiency and Stone-Free Rates Mini PCNL vs Flex URS","Comparing Efficiency and Stone-Free Rates After Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Flexible Ureteroscopy With Suction Access Sheaths","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients 18 years or older\n* Have a CT scan showing renal stones 1-3cm in length\n* Patients who will be able to read, understand, and complete patient questionnaires\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant individuals\n* Those with anomalous renal anatomy\n* Patients with a urinary diversion (ex: Ileal conduit, reservoir, bladder substitute, etc.)\n* Any condition rendering patient medically unfit to undergo either procedure (Bleeding diasthesis)\n* Patients who lack decisional capacity\n* Patients who are non-english speakers\\*\n\n  * Non-recruitment of non-english speakers is due to the study being a small pilot study that is used to assess the stone free rate for patients treated with a ureteroscopy or mini-PCNL using ClearPETRA suction access sheaths in a small portion of our patient population seeking treatment for stones. The team also does not possess the bandwidth or personnel to consent patients who are non-English speaking.",{"count":213,"type":22},[25],"The objective of the study is to compare the stone free rates with ureteroscopy utilizing the ClearPETRA suction ureteral access sheath, and mini-PCNL; both procedures and ClearPETRA sheaths are standard of care and are used regularly for stone treatment. Our primary objective is to assess the complete stone free rate with both procedures.",[72,29,28],[357,31,192,358,359,360],"kidney stone","ClearPETRA","kidney stone interventional treatment","kidney stone 1cm-3cm","2026-04-26",{"date":363,"type":51},"2026-04-30",{"date":365,"type":22},"2026-04-25",{"date":367,"type":22},"2027-12",{"name":369,"class":58},"Northwestern University",{"id":371,"slug":372,"hasResults":12,"nctId":373,"briefTitle":374,"officialTitle":375,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":376,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":377,"enrollmentInfo":378,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":380,"briefSummary":381,"conditions":382,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":384,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":385,"startDateStruct":387,"completionDateStruct":389,"leadSponsor":390,"locationsCount":59},"100611929","antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-ureteroscopy-with-a-negative-pressure-suction-sheath-100611929","NCT07246967","Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Ureteroscopy With a Negative Pressure Suction Sheath","An International Multicenter Study on the Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Strategy for Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy Combined With a Flexible Negative Pressure Suction Sheath","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age 18-75 years.\n2. Diagnosed by CT with renal and\u002For upper ureteral stones, with the longest stone diameter being ≤2cm.\n3. Scheduled to undergo fURS lithotripsy.\n4. No preoperative symptoms of infection such as chills and fever, and the most recent preoperative urine culture is negative.\n5. No immunosuppressive status and no urinary flow obstruction caused by anatomical abnormalities.\n6. No use of long-acting antimicrobial agents within 7 days prior to surgery, and no use of intermediate or short-acting antimicrobial agents within 72 hours prior to surgery.\n7. Has signed and dated an informed consent form, indicating that the patient or their legal representative has been fully informed about the study-related information and has agreed to participate.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Pregnant or lactating women.\n2. Allergy to the investigational drug(s).\n3. Participation in other clinical trials within 30 days.\n4. Presence of other active infection foci requiring antimicrobial treatment.\n5. Concomitant severe systemic diseases, such as cardiac or pulmonary disease, malignant tumors, and immunodeficiency states.\n6. Congenital malformations of the urinary tract.\n7. History of kidney transplantation or urinary diversion surgery.\n8. Unable to provide samples or complete follow-up according to the study protocol.\n9. Unable to provide informed consent.\n10. Inability to achieve complete placement of the flexible negative-pressure suction sheath.\n11. Any other conditions that the investigator deems unsuitable for participation in this study.\n12. History of diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised.\n13. Renal insufficiency, neurogenic bladder.\n14. Recent preoperative history of stone-related fever.\n15. Long-term indwelling urinary drainage tube.\n16. Urine white blood cells \\>5\u002FHPF (High Power Field) or positive for urine nitrites.\n17. Large stone burden (e.g., staghorn calculus) or moderate to severe hydronephrosis.\n18. Imaging findings showing turbid urine in the renal pelvis where pyonephrosis or infectious stones cannot be excluded.","75 Years",{"count":379,"type":22},500,[25],"This study, as a prospective, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, international multicenter clinical trial, aims to evaluate whether a strategy of no antimicrobial prophylaxis is non-inferior to the traditional single-dose prophylaxis regimen in patients with a low risk of infection undergoing single-use flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with a flexible negative-pressure suction sheath. It is anticipated that this will have a substantial impact on infection prevention strategies in urological surgery.",[28,383],"Antibiotics","2026-04-22",{"date":386,"type":51},"2026-04-23",{"date":388,"type":51},"2026-02-01",{"date":367,"type":22},{"name":391,"class":58},"Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine",{"id":393,"slug":394,"hasResults":12,"nctId":395,"briefTitle":396,"officialTitle":397,"acronym":398,"eligibilityCriteria":399,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":377,"enrollmentInfo":400,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":402,"briefSummary":404,"conditions":405,"keywords":407,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":410,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":411,"startDateStruct":413,"completionDateStruct":415,"leadSponsor":417,"locationsCount":59},"100632331","phase-4-pain-control-during-eswl-using-non-opioid-analgesics-100632331","NCT07512297","Pain Control During ESWL Using Non-Opioid Analgesics","Comparative Evaluation of Non-Opioid Analgesics for Pain Control During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","ESWL-PAIN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing ESWL for urinary stone disease\n* Patients with kidney or ureteral stones indicated for ESWL\n* Ability to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to ibuprofen, paracetamol, or tenoxicam\n\n  * Chronic pain conditions or regular use of analgesics\n  * Pregnancy or breastfeeding\n  * Severe renal or hepatic impairment\n  * Patients unable to complete pain assessment using VAS",{"count":401,"type":22},160,[403],"PHASE4","This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of three non-opioid analgesics (ibuprofen, paracetamol, and tenoxicam) during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). All patients undergoing ESWL will be randomly assigned into four groups including a placebo group.\n\nPain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th minutes during the procedure. In addition to comparing analgesic efficacy, the study will evaluate patient-related and stone-related factors affecting pain perception, including body mass index, subcutaneous fat thickness, and stone density measured by Hounsfield Units.\n\nThe study also aims to assess the relationship between analgesic efficacy, energy levels applied during ESWL, and treatment outcomes such as stone-free rates. The findings may contribute to optimizing individualized pain management strategies and improving treatment efficiency in ESWL procedures.",[28,72,406],"Ureteral Stones",[76,408,409],"pain","Analgesia","2026-04-05",{"date":412,"type":51},"2026-04-09",{"date":414,"type":22},"2026-04-01",{"date":416,"type":22},"2027-03-01",{"name":418,"class":58},"University of Gaziantep",{"id":420,"slug":421,"hasResults":12,"nctId":422,"briefTitle":423,"officialTitle":424,"acronym":425,"eligibilityCriteria":426,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":427,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":186,"phases":4,"briefSummary":429,"conditions":430,"keywords":431,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":433,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":434,"startDateStruct":436,"completionDateStruct":438,"leadSponsor":440,"locationsCount":4},"100604860","stone-clearance-with-aspiration-vs-other-technologies-a-real-world-evidence-study-100604860","NCT07155005","Stone Clearance With Aspiration vs Other Technologies: a Real-world Evidence Study","Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Steerable Ureteroscopic Renal Evacuation (SURE) With the CVAC® System Compared to Other Therapeutic Interventions for the Treatment of Renal Stones: a Prospective, Observational Trial","SCORE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Candidate for ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy or PCNL for the treatment of renal stones\n* Be willing and able to return for and respond to all study-related follow up procedures\n* Have been informed of the nature of the study and has provided informed consent using the IRB approved informed consent (ICF)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Untreated urinary tract infection at the time of the index procedure\n* Visual evidence of infection at the time of the index procedure\n* History of sepsis\n* Significant comorbidities\n* Bladder, ureteral or kidney abnormalities\n* Pregnant individuals\n* Unable to meet the treatment and follow up protocol requirements",{"count":428,"type":22},1000,"The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Steerable Ureteroscopic Renal Evacuation (SURE) with the CVAC System versus other commonly used renal-stone interventions.",[28,330,331,72],[333,334,335,432],"URS","2026-03-11",{"date":435,"type":51},"2026-03-12",{"date":437,"type":22},"2026-03-16",{"date":439,"type":22},"2029-04",{"name":344,"class":87},{"id":442,"slug":443,"hasResults":12,"nctId":444,"briefTitle":445,"officialTitle":446,"acronym":447,"eligibilityCriteria":448,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":449,"targetDuration":451,"studyType":186,"phases":4,"briefSummary":452,"conditions":453,"keywords":454,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":459,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":460,"startDateStruct":462,"completionDateStruct":464,"leadSponsor":466,"locationsCount":59},"100615693","risk-factors-for-postoperative-fever-and-sepsis-following-retrograde-intrarenal-surgery-100615693","NCT07295925","Risk Factors for Postoperative Fever and Sepsis Following Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery","Prospective Evaluation of Clinical, Laboratory and Operative Predictors of Postoperative Fever and Sepsis After Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)","SARIS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older.\n* Patients scheduled to undergo retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of renal or ureteral stones.\n* Completion of routine preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments required for RIRS.\n* Ability to provide informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Terminal-stage malignancy.\n* Bleeding diathesis or known immunodeficiency.\n* Active infectious condition at the time of surgery.\n* Patients deemed unsuitable for anesthesia or surgery by the Department of Anesthesiology.\n* Pregnancy.\n* Contraindications to RIRS or inability to complete required perioperative evaluations.",{"count":450,"type":22},250,"3 Days","This prospective clinical study aims to evaluate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics of patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for urinary stone disease. A total of approximately 250 patients will be assessed to identify clinical, laboratory, and operative factors associated with postoperative fever and sepsis. By systematically collecting and analyzing perioperative data, the study seeks to determine independent predictors that may support improved risk stratification and patient safety in endourological practice.",[28],[35,455,28,45,456,457,458,31],"Sepsis","Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery","Postoperative Fever","Postoperative Sepsis","2025-12-19",{"date":461,"type":51},"2025-12-22",{"date":463,"type":22},"2026-01",{"date":465,"type":22},"2026-12",{"name":467,"class":58},"TC Erciyes University",{"id":469,"slug":470,"hasResults":12,"nctId":471,"briefTitle":472,"officialTitle":473,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":474,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":475,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":476,"briefSummary":477,"conditions":478,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":481,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":482,"startDateStruct":484,"completionDateStruct":486,"leadSponsor":488,"locationsCount":59},"100614152","evaluation-of-quality-of-life-in-patients-after-placement-of-a-modified-double-j-ureteral-stent-100614152","NCT07275879","Evaluation of Quality of Life in Patients After Placement of a Modified Double J Ureteral Stent","Evaluation of Quality of Life in Patients After Placement of a Modified Double J Ureteral Stent. Randomized Clinical Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 18 years and older\n* Patients with kidney stones\n* Patients with ureteral stones\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract\n* Urinary tract infections\n* Upper urinary tract obstruction\n* Complicated ureteroscopy (e.g., ureteral perforation)\n* Pregnancy\n* Pre-stented patients",{"count":260,"type":22},[25],"Double-J (DJ) stents are commonly inserted after ureteroscopy. There are several complications associated with the presence of DJ stent: urinary tract infection, stent encrustation, stent migration, and stent-related symptoms (SRS).\n\nSRS occur in up to 80% of patients and include pain, hematuria, and dysuria, all of which negatively impact the patient's quality of life.\n\nPhysicians proposed the distal end of the ureteral stents might involve in SRS by over-simulating the trigone of bladder. The design of the distal end, made with a thinner loop than that of a standard DJ stent, is intended to mitigate SRS and reduce urine reflux.",[479,28,480],"Ureteral Double-J Stent","Quality of Life","2025-12-08",{"date":483,"type":51},"2025-12-10",{"date":485,"type":22},"2025-12-28",{"date":487,"type":22},"2026-04",{"name":489,"class":58},"St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, Russia",{"id":491,"slug":492,"hasResults":12,"nctId":493,"briefTitle":494,"officialTitle":495,"acronym":496,"eligibilityCriteria":497,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":498,"enrollmentInfo":499,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":500,"briefSummary":501,"conditions":502,"keywords":503,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":508,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":509,"startDateStruct":511,"completionDateStruct":513,"leadSponsor":515,"locationsCount":517},"100566139","efficacy-of-neorenal-forte-for-the-complete-elimination-of-residual-fragments-100566139","NCT06651294","Efficacy of Neorenal Forte for the Complete Elimination of Residual Fragments","Efficacy and Safety of Neorenal Forte as Adjuvant Treatment for the Complete Elimination of Residual Fragments After Flexible Ureterorenoscopy With Laser Lithotripsy for Renal Calculi.","NERFA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male or female 18 to 65 years of age.\n2. The subject has signed informed consent approved by an Ethics Committee and agrees to the on-site study visits.\n3. A stone confirmed by NCCT of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder for assessment of size, number, location and stone density, within 90 days of fURS.\n4. Single or multiple kidney stones with total size of 10x10 mm to 15x10 mm.\n5. Stone density 1001 - 1400 Hounsfield units (HU).\n6. Subjects post fURS for laser lithotripsy of kidney stone.\n7. Residual fragments \\\u003C 4 mm after fURS confirmed by ultrasound on first postoperative day.\n8. Subjects post one fURS.\n9. fURS uncomplicated by perforation of ureter, mucosal exfoliation, damage to kidney or urinary bladder, serious bleeding or other complications.\n10. No recent ureterorenoscopy within the last 6 months.\n11. Body mass index 17.0 - 29.99 kg\u002Fm2 118\n12. In Investigator's opinion, the subject can comply with the visit schedule and the treatment regimen and is capable of completing the study.\n13. The subject has a smartphone and is capable of using it.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Subjects with anatomical anomalies revealed by ultrasound - stenosis of the pyelo-ureteral junction, horseshoe kidney, kidney malrotation, calyceal diverticulum, and others.\n2. Ureteral stenosis.\n3. History of ipsilateral renal surgery.\n4. Hydronephrosis.\n5. Permanent JJ stent.\n6. Any conditional or absolute contraindications for fURS.\n7. Combined ipsilateral stone in the ureter or contralateral stone in the upper urinary canal or a stone in the lower urinary canal, requiring simultaneous surgery.\n8. Subjects with positive urine culture, until resolution.\n9. History of endourological intervention (e.g. nephrostoma, ureteral catheter) before fURS.\n10. Stone density \\\u003C1000 and \\>1401 HU;\n11. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c \\>9%).\n12. Renal insufficiency.\n13. Subjects with arterial hypertension.\n14. Subjects with prostate adenoma.\n15. Allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the investigational product.\n16. BMI ≥ 30 kg\u002Fm2.\n17. Women who are pregnant or lactating; women who plan on getting pregnant during the study.\n18. Alcohol or drug abuse in the last year.\n19. Unstable medical conditions, as determined by the Investigator.\n20. Inability to comply with the study protocol.\n21. Subjects who cannot understand or not capable of completing the study documents.\n22. Inability to give informed consent.","65 Years",{"count":277,"type":22},[25],"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a specialized formula of phytotherapeutic extracts (Neorenal Forte) aiding the complete elimination of residual fragments after fURS in adults.",[28],[504,505,506,507],"Elimination of residual fragments","Flexible ureterorenoscopy","Renal calculi","Phytotherapeutic extracts","2025-11-26",{"date":510,"type":51},"2025-11-28",{"date":512,"type":51},"2025-04-01",{"date":514,"type":22},"2026-11-30",{"name":516,"class":87},"Neopharm Bulgaria Ltd.",9,{"id":519,"slug":520,"hasResults":12,"nctId":521,"briefTitle":522,"officialTitle":523,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":524,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":525,"targetDuration":526,"studyType":186,"phases":4,"briefSummary":527,"conditions":528,"keywords":529,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":533,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":534,"startDateStruct":536,"completionDateStruct":538,"leadSponsor":540,"locationsCount":59},"100606597","retrolaminar-block-analgesia-and-patient-comfort-during-prone-eswl-100606597","NCT07177625","Retrolaminar Block Analgesia and Patient Comfort During Prone ESWL","Assessment of Patient Comfort and Analgesic Efficacy of Retrolaminar Block During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy : An Observational Prospective Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 18 years\n* ASA Physical Status I-III\n* Undergoing ESWL in prone position\n* Provided written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* ASA Physical Status IV or higher\n* Allergy to local anesthetics or sedatives\n* Coagulopathy or anticoagulant use\n* Local infection at injection site\n* Severe spinal deformity or anatomical abnormality preventing block\n* Cognitive impairment or inability to use VAS\n* Pregnancy\n* Chronic opioid use or chronic pain medication\n* Emergency ESWL\n* Previous open surgery at block site\n* Intraoperative hemodynamic instability or severe complications",{"count":126,"type":22},"1 Day","The purpose of this prospective, observational study is to evaluate the effect of retrolaminar block (RLB) on patient comfort and analgesic effectiveness during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) procedures. The main questions the study aims to answer are:\n\nDoes retrolaminar block reduce pain intensity during ESWL?\n\nDoes retrolaminar block improve patient comfort during ESWL?\n\nParticipants will undergo the following interventions:\n\nRLB Group: Retrolaminar block performed under ultrasound guidance prior to ESWL.\n\nSedation Group (S): Standard sedoanalgesia administered.\n\nControl Group (C): No additional regional block or sedoanalgesia applied.\n\nParticipants will be monitored for pain levels, procedural duration, hemodynamic parameters, and the need for additional analgesics. The study aims to determine whether retrolaminar block can serve as a safe and effective analgesic method during ESWL procedures.",[28],[530,531,532],"Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy","Retrolaminar block","Prone position","2025-09-16",{"date":535,"type":51},"2025-09-17",{"date":537,"type":22},"2025-09-15",{"date":539,"type":22},"2025-11-30",{"name":541,"class":58},"Elazıg Fethi Sekin Sehir Hastanesi",{"id":543,"slug":544,"hasResults":12,"nctId":545,"briefTitle":546,"officialTitle":547,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":548,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":549,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":551,"briefSummary":552,"conditions":553,"keywords":554,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":559,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":560,"startDateStruct":561,"completionDateStruct":563,"leadSponsor":564,"locationsCount":4},"100606193","safety-and-effectiveness-of-antegrade-flexible-ureteroscopy-assisted-percutaneous-nephrolithotomy-for-staghorn-calculi-100606193","NCT07172373","Safety and Effectiveness of Antegrade Flexible Ureteroscopy-Assisted Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Calculi","Safety and Efficacy of Antegrade Flexible Ureteroscopy-Assisted Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Calculi: A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nStaghorn calculi confirmed by non-contrast CT of the urinary system; Age ≥18 years; General condition suitable for surgical treatment; Ability to understand and voluntarily sign the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nSolitary kidney or congenital anomalies (such as horseshoe kidney or ectopic kidney); Patients with severe preoperative pyelonephritis; Patients with psychiatric disorders or unwilling to cooperate; Patients with uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension who cannot tolerate surgery; Patients with coagulation disorders; Patients deemed unsuitable for participation in this trial by the investigator.",{"count":550,"type":22},420,[25],"Objective This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antegrade flexible ureteroscopy-assisted PCNL for the treatment of staghorn calculi, compared with standard PCNL.\n\nMethods This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial plans to enroll 420 patients with staghorn calculi, randomly assigned into two groups: the experimental group (antegrade flexible ureteroscopy-assisted PCNL, n=210) and the control group (standard PCNL, n=210). The primary endpoint is stone-free rate (defined as no residual fragment ≥2 mm on postoperative CT). Secondary endpoints include operative time, number of percutaneous tracts, rate of secondary procedures, hemoglobin decrease, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification), and length of hospital stay. All patients will undergo CT evaluation on postoperative day 2. Subgroup analysis will be performed according to the number of stone branches (≥5 vs \\\u003C5).",[28,331],[555,556,557,558],"Percutaneous nephrolithotomy","Antegrade flexible ureteroscopy","Staghorn calculi","Stone branch number","2025-09-12",{"date":537,"type":51},{"date":562,"type":22},"2025-10-01",{"date":363,"type":22},{"name":565,"class":58},"Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital",{"id":567,"slug":568,"hasResults":12,"nctId":569,"briefTitle":570,"officialTitle":570,"acronym":571,"eligibilityCriteria":572,"healthyVolunteers":210,"sex":18,"minAge":573,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":574,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":576,"briefSummary":577,"conditions":578,"keywords":579,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":581,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":582,"startDateStruct":584,"completionDateStruct":586,"leadSponsor":588,"locationsCount":59},"100593270","butox-human-trial-an-open-label-prospective-cohort-study-to-investigate-the-effect-of-tributyrin-butyrate-precursor-molecule-supplementation-on-markers-of-calcium-oxalate-nephrolithiasis-100593270","NCT07004257","ButOx Human Trial: An Open Label Prospective Cohort Study to Investigate the Effect of Tributyrin (Butyrate Precursor Molecule) Supplementation on Markers of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis","ButOx","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age ≥ 19 years.\n2. History of nephrolithiasis, diagnosed with a kidney stone containing \\>80% calcium (from stone analysis of spontaneously passed or surgically removed kidney stone) within the past 3 years\n3. Written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Pregnant or lactating females\n2. Pharmacological therapy for stone disease over the last moth (aside from an increase in water intake)\n3. Antibiotic use in the last 3 months prior to the start of study procedures (start of baseline period)\n4. Subjects with comorbid conditions which may influence the microbiome or increase the risk of nephrolithiasis (inflammatory bowel diseases, bariatric surgery, active malignancy, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract obstruction, renal tubular acidosis)\n5. Chronic intestinal diseases, or bowel resection surgeries\n6. Inability to provide informed consent","19 Years",{"count":575,"type":22},10,[25],"Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a condition where there are crystal deposits in the kidney. The gut microbiome is a community of gut bacteria which can produce substances such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Individuals with KSD have a different gut microbiome composition and lower amounts of these SCFAs compared to healthy individuals. Tributyrin is a supplement which can increase levels of SCFAs. Our data from animal studies indicate that tributyrin supplementation may be able to reduce kidney stone formation. This pilot clinical trial will test if tributyrin supplementation helps in prevention or treatment of those with KSD.",[28],[28,72,580],"Urinary Caliculi","2025-05-26",{"date":583,"type":51},"2025-06-04",{"date":585,"type":22},"2025-07-01",{"date":587,"type":22},"2028-07-01",{"name":589,"class":58},"University of British Columbia",{"id":591,"slug":592,"hasResults":12,"nctId":593,"briefTitle":594,"officialTitle":595,"acronym":596,"eligibilityCriteria":597,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":598,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":600,"briefSummary":601,"conditions":602,"keywords":603,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":609,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":610,"startDateStruct":612,"completionDateStruct":614,"leadSponsor":616,"locationsCount":59},"100592681","ily-robotic-system-vs-manual-flexible-ureteroscopy-for-kidney-stone-treatment-100592681","NCT06996587","ILY Robotic System vs Manual Flexible Ureteroscopy for Kidney Stone Treatment","A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Efficacy, Ergonomics, and Safety of ILY Robotic System vs Manual Flexible Ureteroscopy in Patients Undergoing Laser Lithotripsy for Kidney Stones","iFURS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Males or females ≥ 18 years old\n* Patients with a normal pelvicalyceal anatomy\n* Patients with renal stone diagnosis confirmed by noncontrast computed tomography regardless of stone size, location, and multiplicity\n* ASA score I-III\n* Intact mental and cognitive ability to provide informed consent and willingness to participate in the study with 30-day follow-up\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children \\\u003C 18 and pregnant women\n* Patients with anatomically anomalous kidneys, known case of stricture or stenosis, or recent 3-month history of ureteroscopy (DJ stent placement only will be accepted) or known history of complicated ureteroscopy\n* Patients in whom stone measurement was not feasible on NCCT or those with concomitant ureteric stones.\n* ASA score IV\n* Mentally incapacitated patients unable to provide informed consent",{"count":599,"type":22},152,[25],"The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the efficacy, ergonomics, and safety of robotic versus manual flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for kidney stone treatment in adult patients undergoing laser lithotripsy.\n\n* Does robotic-assisted lithotripsy using the ILY® robot have the same efficacy as the manual fURS in treating kidney stones?\n* Is robotic flexible ureteroscopy associated with similar or improved safety outcomes, including perioperative and 30-day postoperative complication rates?\n* Does the robotic system offer improved ergonomics, lower surgeon radiation exposure, and favorable intraoperative metrics compared to manual flexible ureteroscopy? Researchers will compare the ILY robotic system with manual fURS to see if robotic intervention can match or improve clinical and ergonomic outcomes.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Be randomly assigned to undergo laser lithotripsy with either the ILY robot or manual flexible ureteroscopy\n* Complete standard pre- and postoperative assessments\n* Undergo evaluation for stone-free status using a non-contrast CT scan at 30 days postoperatively\n* Undergo evaluation for postoperative complications",[72,28],[604,605,606,607,608],"kidney stones","manual flexible ureteroscopy","fURS","ILY robot","robotic","2025-05-21",{"date":611,"type":51},"2025-05-30",{"date":613,"type":51},"2025-05-01",{"date":615,"type":22},"2027-08",{"name":617,"class":58},"Albert El Hajj",{"id":619,"slug":620,"hasResults":12,"nctId":621,"briefTitle":622,"officialTitle":623,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":624,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":625,"targetDuration":627,"studyType":186,"phases":4,"briefSummary":628,"conditions":629,"keywords":630,"overallStatus":77,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":639,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":640,"startDateStruct":641,"completionDateStruct":643,"leadSponsor":645,"locationsCount":174},"100462105","renal-stone-treatment-global-registry-100462105","NCT05297331","Renal Stone Treatment Global Registry","A Prospective Assessment of the Perioperative Parameter and Treatment Outcomes of Urinary Calculi - International Registry","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient at the age of 18 or above\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient is unable to give consent",{"count":626,"type":22},3000,"1 Year","This is an international prospective data registry to assess the treatment outcomes and complications of different treatment approaches for different surgical treatment of urolithiasis.",[28],[28,76,35,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638],"flexible ureteroscopy","PCNL","FANS","flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath","intrarenal pressure","IRP","intrarenal temperature","IRT","2025-03-26",{"date":512,"type":51},{"date":642,"type":51},"2022-03-01",{"date":644,"type":22},"2033-03-31",{"name":646,"class":58},"Chinese University of Hong Kong",{"id":648,"slug":649,"hasResults":12,"nctId":650,"briefTitle":651,"officialTitle":652,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":653,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":654,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":655,"briefSummary":656,"conditions":657,"keywords":658,"overallStatus":47,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":665,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":666,"startDateStruct":668,"completionDateStruct":670,"leadSponsor":672,"locationsCount":4},"100584416","comparison-of-flexible--navigable-suction-ureteral-access-sheath-vs-antegrade-suction-in-retrograde-flexible-ureteroscopy-for-lower-calyceal-stones-100584416","NCT06889051","Comparison of Flexible & Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheath vs. Antegrade Suction in Retrograde Flexible Ureteroscopy for Lower Calyceal Stones","Comparison Study Between Using Retrograde Flexible Ureteroscopy With Flexible & Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheath Versus Retrograde Flexible Ureteroscopy With Antegrade Suction in Lower Calyceal Stone: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients (≥18 years old)\n* Patients diagnosed with renal stones (1.5-2 cm) confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT)\n* Patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) as the primary treatment approach\n* Patients with no active urinary tract infection (UTI) at baseline\n* Patients who provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with anatomical anomalies (e.g., horseshoe kidney, PUJ obstruction)\n* Patients with a single functioning kidney\n* Pregnant women\n* Patients with a history of urological malignancy\n* Patients with active bleeding disorders or those on anticoagulant therapy that cannot be safely discontinued\n* Patients at high risk for anesthesia",{"count":277,"type":22},[25],"This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of two suction techniques during retrograde flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) for lower calyceal renal stones measuring 1.5-2 cm. The study evaluates Flexible \\& Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheath (FANS) versus Antegrade Suction (via percutaneous access) in improving stone-free rates (SFR), reducing operative time, and minimizing complications such as bleeding, ureteral injury, and infection. A total of 120 adult patients will be randomized into two groups, undergoing either flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) with Flexible \\& Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheath (FANS) or flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) with antegrade suction, at Banha University Faculty of Medicine.",[29,28,45],[659,660,661,662,663,664],"Flexible Ureteroscopy (FURS)","Ureteral Access Sheath (UAS)","Suction Ureteral Access Sheath (FANS)","Antegrade Suction","Percutaneous Nephrostomy (PCN)","Laser Lithotripsy","2025-03-15",{"date":667,"type":51},"2025-03-21",{"date":669,"type":22},"2025-03-30",{"date":671,"type":22},"2026-03-30",{"name":673,"class":58},"Benha University"]