[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-vats\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-vats":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,14,0,[8,45,66,99,122,152,180,206,228,245,272,298,334,360],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":33,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":34,"startDateStruct":37,"completionDateStruct":39,"leadSponsor":41,"locationsCount":44},"100641875","pre-incisional-infiltration-with-ropivacaine-plus-diprospan-for-relieving-postoperative-pain-after-thoracoscopic-surgery-100641875",false,"NCT07626489","Pre-incisional Infiltration With Ropivacaine Plus Diprospan for Relieving Postoperative Pain After Thoracoscopic Surgery","The Efficacy and Safety of Pre-incisional Infiltration With Ropivacaine Plus Diprospan in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic: a Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients scheduled for elective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for wedge resection, segmentectomy and lobectomy of the lungs under general anesthesia;\n2. 8 to 64 years old\n3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III\n4. Patients must be able to understand the nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial and cooperate with follow-up investigations\n5. signing of the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of allergies to experimental drugs such as opioids or steroids;\n2. Alcohol abuse; Long term use of opioid drugs (exceeding 2 weeks or 3 days per week for more than 1 month); Suspected use of sedatives and analgesics; Use analgesic drugs within 24 hours before surgery; Patients undergoing steroid therapy;\n3. Serious neurological disorders, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, heart failure, etc;\n4. Unable to use pain assessment scale;\n5. Pregnant or lactating patients.","ALL","18 Years","64 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},100,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy, but it is still reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process. If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge. Acute pain after VATS is mainly caused by the release of inflammatory mediators after soft tissue injury at the surgical site, which activates peripheral pain receptors and leads to abnormal action potentials transmitted along A δ and C fibers. Inflammatory mediators released from the soft tissues around incisions not only significantly alters the chemical microenvironment at the peripheral terminals of nociceptors, directly inducing pain, but also sensitizes afferent fibers, contributing to peripheral sensitization.\n\nIncisional infiltration is the simplest, safest, and most effective anesthesia method for preventing incision pain after VATS, but even using long-acting local anesthetics, the effectiveness of postoperative analgesia can only last for a relatively short period of time. To improve the efficiency of local incision infiltration in postoperative analgesia, at least two issues need to be addressed: prolonging the duration of analgesia and reducing inflammation of nerve surrounding tissues. Numerous studies have shown that glucocorticoids not only can achieve anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory responses but also can prolong the duration of action of local anesthetics. Preemptive incisional infiltration using local anesthetics with corticosteroids which have potent local anti-inflammatory properties may play a key role in preventing or reducing postoperative pain. The objective of this trial is to determine whether preemptive incisional infiltration with ropivacaine plus diprospan is superior to ropivacaine alone in relieving postoperative pain for adults undergoing VATS. The investigators also compare the effects of the two intervention measures on postoperative pain management, patient safety, and recovery quality.",[27,28,29,30,31],"Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)","Wedge Resection","Segmentectomy","Lobectomy","Infiltration Anesthesia","RECRUITING","2026-06-16",{"date":35,"type":36},"2026-06-17","ACTUAL",{"date":38,"type":21},"2026-05-30",{"date":40,"type":21},"2028-05-30",{"name":42,"class":43},"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","OTHER",1,{"id":46,"slug":47,"hasResults":11,"nctId":48,"briefTitle":49,"officialTitle":50,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":51,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":52,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":53,"briefSummary":54,"conditions":55,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":59,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":60,"startDateStruct":61,"completionDateStruct":63,"leadSponsor":65,"locationsCount":44},"100642912","pre-incisional-infiltration-with-ropivacaine-plus-triamcinolone-for-relieving-postoperative-pain-after-thoracoscopic-surgery-100642912","NCT07603921","Pre-incisional Infiltration With Ropivacaine Plus Triamcinolone for Relieving Postoperative Pain After Thoracoscopic Surgery","The Efficacy and Safety of Pre-incisional Infiltration With Ropivacaine Plus Triamcinolone in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic: a Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients scheduled for elective thoracoscopic wedge resection, segmentectomy, and lobectomy under general anesthesia;\n2. Ages 18 to 64 years old\n3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III\n4. Patients must be able to understand nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial and cooperation with follow-up investigations\n5. signing of the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of allergies to experimental drugs such as opioids or steroids;\n2. Alcohol abuse; Long term use of opioid drugs (exceeding 2 weeks or 3 days per week for more than 1 month); Suspected use of sedatives and analgesics; Use analgesic drugs within 24 hours before surgery; Patients undergoing steroid therapy;\n3. Serious neurological disorders, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, heart failure, etc;\n4. Unable to use pain assessment scale;\n5. Pregnant or lactating patients.",{"count":20,"type":21},[24],"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy, but it is still reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process. If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge. Acute pain after VATS is mainly caused by the release of inflammatory mediators after soft tissue injury at the surgical site, which activates peripheral pain receptors and leads to abnormal action potentials transmitted along A δ and C fibers. Inflammatory mediators released from the soft tissues around incisions not only significantly alters the chemical microenvironment at the peripheral terminals of nociceptors, directly inducing pain, but also sensitizes afferent fibers, contributing to peripheral sensitization. Incisional infiltration is the simplest, safest, and most effective anesthesia method for preventing incision pain after laparoscopic surgery but even using long-acting local anesthetics, the effectiveness of postoperative analgesia can only last for a relatively short period of time. To improve the efficiency of local incision infiltration in postoperative analgesia, at least two issues need to be addressed: prolonging the duration of analgesia and reducing inflammation of nerve surrounding tissues.\n\nNumerous studies have shown that glucocorticoids not only can achieve anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory responses but also can prolong the duration of action of local anesthetics. The investigators conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical study to explore whether preemptive incisional infiltration with ropivacaine plus triamcinolone is superior to ropivacaine alone in relieving postoperative pain for adults undergoing VATS. The investigators also compare the effects of the two intervention measures on postoperative pain management, patient safety, and recovery quality.",[27,28,29,56,57,58],"Lobectomy of the Lungs","Incisional Infiltration","Triamcinolone","2026-06-15",{"date":33,"type":36},{"date":62,"type":36},"2026-06-01",{"date":64,"type":21},"2028-03-31",{"name":42,"class":43},{"id":67,"slug":68,"hasResults":11,"nctId":69,"briefTitle":70,"officialTitle":71,"acronym":72,"eligibilityCriteria":73,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":74,"enrollmentInfo":75,"targetDuration":76,"studyType":77,"phases":4,"briefSummary":78,"conditions":79,"keywords":84,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":91,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":92,"startDateStruct":93,"completionDateStruct":95,"leadSponsor":97,"locationsCount":44},"100615091","target-controlled-infusion-tci-vs-inhalational-anesthesia-in-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-vats-100615091","NCT07288099","Target-Controlled Infusion (TCI) vs Inhalational Anesthesia in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)","Prospective Observational Cohort Study Comparing Recovery Profiles After Target-Controlled Infusion Versus Inhalational Anesthesia in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","TCI-INHALE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 to 65 years\n\nPatients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)\n\nASA physical status I-III\n\nAble to provide informed consent\n\nPlanned postoperative recovery in PACU and surgical ward\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* ASA IV or higher\n\nHemodynamic or respiratory instability before surgery\n\nKnown allergy or contraindication to commonly used anesthetic agents\n\nNeurological or psychiatric conditions that may interfere with recovery assessment\n\nEmergency surgeries\n\nPatients who decline participation","80 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},"1 Day","OBSERVATIONAL","This study is designed as a prospective observational cohort to evaluate recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In our clinic, anesthesia for VATS is commonly provided either with target-controlled infusion (TCI) or with inhalational agents, depending on the routine practice of the anesthesiologist. No randomization or additional intervention will be performed.\n\nDuring the study period, patients who receive either method as part of standard care will be followed, and perioperative and postoperative data will be recorded. Awakening time, extubation time, Aldrete score progression, pain levels, and early postoperative complications will be compared between the two groups. The aim is to better understand how these widely used anesthesia techniques may influence recovery in VATS patients and to support future clinical decision-making.",[27,80,81,82,83],"Thoracic Surgery, Video Assisted","Postoperative Recovery","General Anesthesia","Anesthesia Techniques",[85,86,87,88,89,81,90],"Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","VATS","Thoracic Surgery","Target-Controlled Infusion","Inhalational Anesthesia","Extubation Time","2026-06-12",{"date":59,"type":36},{"date":94,"type":36},"2026-01-12",{"date":96,"type":21},"2026-07",{"name":98,"class":43},"Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa",{"id":100,"slug":101,"hasResults":11,"nctId":102,"briefTitle":103,"officialTitle":104,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":105,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":106,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":108,"briefSummary":109,"conditions":110,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":114,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":115,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":116,"startDateStruct":118,"completionDateStruct":119,"leadSponsor":121,"locationsCount":4},"100642646","the-efficacy-and-safety-of-loxoprofen-sodium-patch-in-relieving-postoperative-pain-after-thoracoscopic-surgery-100642646","NCT07591220","The Efficacy and Safety of Loxoprofen Sodium Patch in Relieving Postoperative Pain After Thoracoscopic Surgery","The Efficacy and Safety of Incisional Preemptive Analgesia Using Loxoprofen Sodium Patch in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: a Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients scheduled for elective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for wedge resection, segmentectomy and lobectomy of the lungs under general anesthesia;\n2. 8 to 64 years old;\n3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III;\n4. Patients must be able to understand the nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial and cooperate with follow-up investigations\n5. signing of the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of chronic pain syndrome of any cause and mental illness;\n2. Excessive alcohol or drug abuse, chronic opioid use (more than 2 weeks or 3 days per week for more than 1 month), use of drugs with confirmed or suspected sedative or analgesic effects, or use of any painkiller within 24 h before surgery;\n3. History of hypertension (Grade 3, extremely high risk);\n4. Pregnancy or breastfeeding;\n5. Extreme body mass index (BMI) (\\\u003C 15 or \\> 35);\n6. Participation in another interventional trial that interferes with the intervention or outcome of this trial;\n7. Digestive system diseases (such as peptic ulcers, gastric bleeding);\n8. Patients with coronary artery disease;\n9. Patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine \\> 176 µmol\u002FL) and abnormal liver function(alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and\u002For aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \\> 2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin (TBIL) ≥ 1.5×ULN);\n10. Subjects with coagulation dysfunction (prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time is higher than the normal threshold) or patients who are taking oral anticoagulants for other medical reasons and have not stopped it before surgery, such as warfarin or new anticoagulants rivaroxaban or dabigatran;\n11. Patients with a history of allergy to anyone of the study drugs;",{"count":107,"type":21},156,[24],"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy, but it is still reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process. If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge. Acute pain after VATS is mainly caused by the release of inflammatory mediators after soft tissue injury at the surgical site, which activates peripheral pain receptors and leads to abnormal action potentials transmitted along A δ and C fibers. Inflammatory mediators released from the soft tissues around incisions not only significantly alters the chemical microenvironment at the peripheral terminals of nociceptors, directly inducing pain, but also sensitizes afferent fibers, contributing to peripheral sensitization. Therefore, drugs with potent local anti-inflammatory properties such as Loxoprofen Sodium may play a key role in preventing or reducing postoperative pain. The investigators conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical study to explore the use of Loxoprofen Sodium Patch for preoperative local incision analgesia in VATS patients. The investigators aim to observe whether this method can effectively alleviate postoperative incision pain, reduce the dosage of postoperative analgesics and the side effects caused using postoperative analgesics, improve patient satisfaction, and provide new ideas for postoperative analgesia in VATS patients, promoting rapid recovery after VATS.",[27,111,112,113,28,29,30],"Loxoprofen Sodium Patch","Local Incision","Postoperative Pain","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-06-07",{"date":117,"type":36},"2026-06-10",{"date":62,"type":21},{"date":120,"type":21},"2028-04-30",{"name":42,"class":43},{"id":123,"slug":124,"hasResults":11,"nctId":125,"briefTitle":126,"officialTitle":127,"acronym":128,"eligibilityCriteria":129,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":130,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":132,"briefSummary":133,"conditions":134,"keywords":136,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":142,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":143,"startDateStruct":145,"completionDateStruct":147,"leadSponsor":149,"locationsCount":44},"100627309","minimum-effective-volume-of-bupivacaine-for-serratus-posterior-superior-intercostal-plane-block-in-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-100627309","NCT07446959","Minimum Effective Volume of Bupivacaine for Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","Determination of the Median Effective Volume (ED50) of Bupivacaine for Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Using the Dixon Up-and-Down Method","SPSIP-EV50","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older\n* Scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III\n* Planned to receive ultrasound-guided serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block for postoperative analgesia\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refusal to participate in the study\n* Known allergy or contraindication to local anesthetics\n* Infection at the block injection site\n* Coagulation disorders or anticoagulant therapy contraindicating regional anesthesia\n* Severe respiratory insufficiency\n* Chronic opioid use or chronic pain syndrome\n* Pregnancy\n* Inability to cooperate or communicate postoperative pain scores",{"count":131,"type":21},27,[24],"This study aims to determine the minimum effective volume of bupivacaine required for the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane (SPSIP) block in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The SPSIP block is an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia technique used to provide postoperative pain relief after thoracic surgery.\n\nUsing a stepwise dose-adjustment method, the volume of local anesthetic will be increased or decreased based on the effectiveness of the block in each patient. The main outcome of the study is to identify the volume that provides effective pain control in 50% of patients. The results may help optimize pain management while minimizing drug exposure.",[135,27],"Postoperative Pain Management",[137,138,139,140,141],"SPSIP Block","Regional Anesthesia","Dose-Finding Study","Dixon Up-and-Down Method","Thoracic Analgesia","2026-05-11",{"date":144,"type":36},"2026-05-12",{"date":146,"type":36},"2026-03-15",{"date":148,"type":21},"2026-07-15",{"name":150,"class":151},"Bursa City Hospital","OTHER_GOV",{"id":153,"slug":154,"hasResults":11,"nctId":155,"briefTitle":156,"officialTitle":157,"acronym":158,"eligibilityCriteria":159,"healthyVolunteers":160,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":161,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":163,"briefSummary":164,"conditions":165,"keywords":168,"overallStatus":114,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":171,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":172,"startDateStruct":174,"completionDateStruct":176,"leadSponsor":178,"locationsCount":4},"100636612","revised-paravertebral-nerve-blocks-for-enhanced-recovery-after-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-pneumonectomy-100636612","NCT07567950","Revised-Paravertebral Nerve Blocks for Enhanced Recovery After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy","Revised-Paravertebral Nerve Blocks for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Observer-masked Noninferiority Trial.","r-PVB-1","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older\n* Scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy for benign or malignant diseases\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindications to nerve block, including skin infection at the puncture site, increased intracranial pressure, uncorrectable coagulopathy, bridging indication for therapeutic anticoagulation (CHADS-VASc ≥ 8), sepsis, or allergy to local anesthetics\n* Surgeon-estimated high likelihood of conversion to open surgery\n* Chronic opioid use\n* Heart failure, liver failure, or renal failure\n* Coagulation disorders\n* History of allergy to local anesthetics\n* Inability to comply with the study protocol, including severe psychiatric illness, refusal to provide informed consent, or anticipated difficulty with postoperative follow-up",true,{"count":162,"type":21},200,[24],"Revised-Paravertebral Nerve Block (r-PVB) is performed right after induction of general anesthesia and before lateral positioning of surgery. Under ultrasound guidance, an intercostal space between the 6th and 8th ribs at the midaxillary line is identified. Using an in-plane technique, the needle is advanced into the internal intercostal muscle, and 30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine is injected to achieve the block. Traditional Paravertebral Nerve Block (PVB) is performed right after the lateral positioning of surgery under ultrasound guidance. According to the operator's preference, choose any of the commonly used three traditional paravertebral block approaches. Among these 3 approaches, the axial plane approach is recommended as the first choice: use the convex probe to identify the 6th and 8th transverse processes, then scan cranially to display the superior costotransverse ligament, pleura, and paravertebral space. Under sterile conditions, insert the needle in-plane approximately 2 cm lateral to the probe, ensuring the ultrasound probe remains stable and dynamically visualizing the needle advancement. Stop advancing the needle when the tip passes through the superior costotransverse ligament. Administer 2% lidocaine in pulsatile injections, 1-2 ml per pulse, observing the spread of fluid at the needle tip on ultrasound and depression of the pleura. Repeat pulsatile injections until a total of 5 ml lidocaine is administered, and if necessary, increase with another 5 ml of pulsatile lidocaine. The fluid movement and pleura depression observed on ultrasound confirm proper needle placement. Then, use this needle to inject 30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine to complete the PVB. The surgical procedure will start right after the intervention blocks.",[27,113,166,167],"Quality of Recovery","Lung Diseases",[85,113,166,169,170],"Paravertebral Nerve Block","intercostal space block","2026-05-05",{"date":173,"type":36},"2026-05-08",{"date":175,"type":21},"2026-05-06",{"date":177,"type":21},"2027-12-31",{"name":179,"class":43},"Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University",{"id":181,"slug":182,"hasResults":11,"nctId":183,"briefTitle":184,"officialTitle":185,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":186,"healthyVolunteers":160,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":187,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":189,"briefSummary":190,"conditions":191,"keywords":194,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":197,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":198,"startDateStruct":200,"completionDateStruct":202,"leadSponsor":204,"locationsCount":44},"100634131","ultrasound-guided-erector-spinae-plane-block-versus-thoracoscopically-guided-intercostal-nerve-block-in-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-100634131","NCT07535697","Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Thoracoscopically-Guided Intercostal Nerve Block in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","Prospective, Randomized Comparative Study of an Anesthesiological, Ultrasound-Guided \"Erector Spinae Plane Block\" (ESPB) Versus a Surgical, Thoracoscopically-Guided \"Intercostal Nerve Block\" (ICNB) in \"Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic\" (VATS) Procedures, Evaluating Postoperative Analgesic Consumption, Postoperative Pain Perception, and Duration of the Procedure","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Provision of written informed consent\n* Adults (≥ 18 years of age)\n* Elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary resection (e.g., lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge resection)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Lack of informed consent\n* Language barrier\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding\n* Known allergy to local anesthetics used in the study\n* Infection at the injection site(s)\n* History of complex chest wall surgery\n* Revision surgery with a prior operation within the last 6 months\n* Intraoperative conversion to open thoracotomy\n* Chronic pain syndrome\n* Fibromyalgia\n* Chronic opioid use\n* Chronic alcohol abuse\n* Chronic substance abuse (e.g., THC, amphetamines, cocaine)\n* History of psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, schizophrenia)\n* Impaired consciousness, cognition, or ability to communicate\n* Known coagulopathy (including platelet count \\\u003C 80,000\u002FµL or prolonged PTT\u002FaPTT \\>1.5× the upper limit of normal)\n* Ongoing therapeutic anticoagulation",{"count":188,"type":21},72,[24],"Effective postoperative pain management is essential after thoracic surgery. Insufficient pain control may impair breathing and coughing, increasing the risk of pulmonary complications such as collapsed lungs (atelectasis) or pneumonia.\n\nAlthough minimally invasive lung surgery (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS) is less painful than open surgery, people can still have significant pain after the operation.\n\nThe goal of this randomized comparative study is to compare two commonly used regional anesthesia techniques for pain control after VATS in adults.\n\nResearchers will compare an ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB), performed by anesthesiologists, to a thoracoscopically-guided intercostal nerve block (ICNB), performed by surgeons.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Undergo elective VATS lung resection surgery\n* Receive either ESPB or ICNB, according to random assignment\n* Have the received amount of analgesics recorded during the first 24 hours\n* Have their pain levels assessed at predefined time points after surgery\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\n* Does ESPB result in similar analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours after surgery?\n* Does ESPB provide similar postoperative pain relief compared to ICNB?\n* Is the time needed to perform ESPB similar to ICNB?",[138,27,192,193],"Erector Spinae Plane Block","Intercostal Nerve Block",[138,27,192,195,193,196],"ESPB","ICNB","2026-04-27",{"date":199,"type":36},"2026-05-01",{"date":201,"type":21},"2026-05-04",{"date":203,"type":21},"2027-05-03",{"name":205,"class":43},"Sana Klinikum Offenbach",{"id":207,"slug":208,"hasResults":11,"nctId":209,"briefTitle":210,"officialTitle":211,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":212,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":213,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":214,"briefSummary":215,"conditions":216,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":220,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":221,"startDateStruct":223,"completionDateStruct":225,"leadSponsor":227,"locationsCount":44},"100626213","the-efficacy-and-safety-of-liposomal-bupivacaine-in-relieving-postoperative-pain-after-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-100626213","NCT07432711","The Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Relieving Postoperative Pain After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","The Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Local Incisional Infiltration for Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or wedge resection under general anesthesia;\n2. Ages 18 to 64 years old；\n3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III；\n4. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15；\n5. Patients must be able to understand the nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial, signing of the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of chronic pain syndrome of any cause.\n2. Patients with heart conduction block (sinus block or atrioventricular block).\n3. Patients with unstable coronary artery disease.\n4. Patients with gastric ulcer or gastric bleeding.\n5. Patients with diabetes and are being treated with insulin.\n6. Subjects with coagulation dysfunction (prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time is higher than the normal threshold) or patients who are taking oral anticoagulants for other medical reasons and have not stopped it before surgery, such as warfarin or new anticoagulants rivaroxaban or dabigatran.\n7. Patients with abnormal liver function: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and\u002For aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \\> 2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin (TBIL) ≥ 1.5×ULN.\n8. Patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine \\> 176 µmol\u002FL) or receiving dialysis treatment within 28 days before surgery.\n9. Patients with a history of diagnosed mental illness or currently taking psychotropic medication.\n10. Excessive alcohol or drug abuse, chronic opioid use (more than 2 weeks or 3 days per week for more than 1 month), use of drugs with confirmed or suspected sedative or analgesic effects, or use of any painkiller within 24 h before surgery.\n11. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.\n12. Extreme body mass index (BMI) (\\\u003C 15 or \\> 35).\n13. Participation in another interventional trial that interferes with the intervention or outcome of this trial.\n14. Patients with a history of allergy to local anaesthetics or one of the study drugs.",{"count":20,"type":21},[24],"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy. It is reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process.If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge. Local infiltration anesthesia at the incision site is one of the simplest, safest, and most effective methods for preventing postoperative incision pain. Liposomal bupivacaine(LB) is a novel, long-acting, sustained-release amide-type local anesthetic, providing localized analgesic effects for up to 72 hours. Some researchers have reported the analgesic effects of LB VS traditional local anesthetics infiltration, but the current research results are highly heterogeneous. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether LB infiltration is superior to the traditional local anesthetics for the management of postoperative pain. The investigators designed this study to compare the analgesic effect of using LB plus bupivacaine for local infiltration with bupivacaine along for patients after VATS.",[27,217,218,219],"Pain Management","Liposomal Bupivacaine","Local Injection","2026-03-05",{"date":222,"type":36},"2026-03-06",{"date":224,"type":36},"2026-03-02",{"date":226,"type":21},"2027-06-30",{"name":42,"class":43},{"id":229,"slug":230,"hasResults":11,"nctId":231,"briefTitle":232,"officialTitle":233,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":234,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":235,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":237,"briefSummary":238,"conditions":239,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":220,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":241,"startDateStruct":242,"completionDateStruct":243,"leadSponsor":244,"locationsCount":44},"100626920","the-efficacy-and-safety-of-liposomal-bupivacaine-for-rhomboid-intercostal-nerve-block-in-relieving-postoperative-pain-after-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-100626920","NCT07441902","The Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Rhomboid Intercostal Nerve Block in Relieving Postoperative Pain After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","Ultrasound-Guided Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Rhomboid Intercostal Block for Postoperative Pain Relief in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or wedge resection under general anesthesia;\n* Ages 18 to 64 years old；\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III；\n* Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15；\n* Patients must be able to understand the nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial, signing of the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of chronic pain syndrome of any cause.\n* Patients with heart conduction block (sinus block or atrioventricular block).\n* Patients with unstable coronary artery disease.\n* Patients with gastric ulcer or gastric bleeding.\n* Patients with diabetes and are being treated with insulin.\n* Subjects with coagulation dysfunction (prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time is higher than the normal threshold) or patients who are taking oral anticoagulants for other medical reasons and have not stopped it before surgery, such as warfarin or new anticoagulants rivaroxaban or dabigatran.\n* Patients with abnormal liver function: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and\u002For aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \\> 2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin (TBIL) ≥ 1.5×ULN.\n* Patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine \\> 176 µmol\u002FL) or receiving dialysis treatment within 28 days before surgery.\n* Patients with a history of diagnosed mental illness or currently taking psychotropic medication.\n* Excessive alcohol or drug abuse, chronic opioid use (more than 2 weeks or 3 days per week for more than 1 month), use of drugs with confirmed or suspected sedative or analgesic effects, or use of any painkiller within 24 h before surgery.\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.\n* Extreme body mass index (BMI) (\\\u003C 15 or \\> 35).\n* Participation in another interventional trial that interferes with the intervention or outcome of this trial.\n* Patients with a history of allergy to local anaesthetics or one of the study drugs.",{"count":236,"type":21},134,[24],"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy. It is reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process.If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge.In recent years, multimodal postoperative analgesia protocols have been increasingly adopted in clinical practice. The Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB), as a novel regional anesthesia technique within the multimodal analgesia framework, has been widely utilized in various thoracic surgical procedures. Liposomal bupivacaine, an innovative long-acting sustained-release amide local anesthetic, provides prolonged analgesia for up to 72 hours. However, its efficacy and safety in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) have not yet been fully validated. Based on this premise, the present study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) utilizing liposomal bupivacaine combined with conventional bupivacaine for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing VATS.",[27,217,218,240],"Rhomboid Intercostal Block",{"date":222,"type":36},{"date":224,"type":36},{"date":226,"type":21},{"name":42,"class":43},{"id":246,"slug":247,"hasResults":11,"nctId":248,"briefTitle":249,"officialTitle":250,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":251,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":252,"enrollmentInfo":253,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":255,"briefSummary":256,"conditions":257,"keywords":259,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":264,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":265,"startDateStruct":267,"completionDateStruct":269,"leadSponsor":271,"locationsCount":44},"100610850","esp-vs-spsip-block-in-vats-analgesia-100610850","NCT07232940","ESP vs SPSIP Block in VATS Analgesia","Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block on Postoperative Analgesia Management in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 18-65 years with ASA physical status I-III who will undergo elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) will be included.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who do not consent to participate in the study\n\nPatients with coagulopathy\n\nPatients with a history of local anesthetic allergy or toxicity\n\nPatients with hepatic or renal failure\n\nPatients with uncontrolled diabetes\n\nPatients with uncontrolled hypertension\n\nMentally disabled patients\n\nPatients receiving chronic pain treatment (opioid users)\n\nPatients using antidepressant medication\n\nPatients with neuropathic pain\n\nMentally disabled patients\n\nPresence of infection at the injection site\n\nPregnant or breastfeeding women, or those with suspected pregnancy","65 Years",{"count":254,"type":21},90,[24],"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure performed through small thoracic incisions, but postoperative pain remains significant due to tissue and rib trauma. Poorly controlled pain may lead to chronic postoperative pain; therefore, optimal analgesia is essential.\n\nAccording to PROSPECT guidelines, erector spinae plane block (ESPB) or paravertebral block (PVB) are recommended for VATS. The recently defined serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) provides analgesia between C3-T10 levels, but its efficacy compared with ESPB has not been studied.\n\nThis study aims to compare postoperative analgesic efficacy and patient satisfaction between ESPB and SPSIPB in VATS patients.",[27,258],"Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block",[260,261,262,263],"Serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block","erector spinae plane block","pain management","Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)","2025-12-14",{"date":266,"type":36},"2025-12-16",{"date":268,"type":36},"2025-11-15",{"date":270,"type":21},"2026-05-15",{"name":150,"class":151},{"id":273,"slug":274,"hasResults":11,"nctId":275,"briefTitle":276,"officialTitle":277,"acronym":278,"eligibilityCriteria":279,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":280,"enrollmentInfo":281,"targetDuration":76,"studyType":77,"phases":4,"briefSummary":283,"conditions":284,"keywords":286,"overallStatus":114,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":289,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":290,"startDateStruct":292,"completionDateStruct":294,"leadSponsor":296,"locationsCount":4},"100611266","analgesic-effectiveness-of-spsipb-versus-thoracic-epidural-and-systemic-opioid-analgesia-after-vats-spsipb-vats-100611266","NCT07238348","Analgesic Effectiveness of SPSIPB Versus Thoracic Epidural and Systemic Opioid Analgesia After VATS (SPSIPB-VATS)","Prospective Evaluation of Analgesic Outcomes of Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block Versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia and Systemic Opioid Analgesia After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","SPSIPB-VATS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18-75 years\n* Scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)\n* ASA physical status I-III\n* Ability to understand study procedures and provide written informed consent\n* Hemodynamically stable preoperatively\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known allergy or contraindication to local anesthetics or study medications\n* Coagulopathy or use of anticoagulants not suitable for regional anesthesia\n* Local infection or skin lesions at the injection site\n* Severe pulmonary disease (e.g., severe COPD, uncontrolled asthma)\n* Chronic opioid use or chronic pain disorders\n* Neurological or psychiatric disorders impairing cooperation\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding\n* BMI \\> 35 kg\u002Fm²\n* Conversion from VATS to thoracotomy\n* Inability to comply with postoperative assessments","75 Years",{"count":282,"type":21},120,"This prospective observational study aims to compare the postoperative analgesic effectiveness of three commonly used pain management strategies in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS): Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block (SPSIPB), Thoracic Epidural Analgesia (TEA), and systemic opioid analgesia. The study evaluates postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, and the need for rescue analgesics within the first 24 hours after surgery. By analyzing analgesic performance and safety profiles of these techniques, the study seeks to provide evidence to guide optimal postoperative pain management for patients undergoing minimally invasive thoracic procedures.",[135,27,285,258],"Thoracic Epidural Analgesia",[258,285,287,85,288,217],"Systemic Opioid Analgesia","Opioid Consumption","2025-11-18",{"date":291,"type":36},"2025-11-20",{"date":293,"type":21},"2025-12-15",{"date":295,"type":21},"2026-08-15",{"name":297,"class":43},"Karadeniz Technical University",{"id":299,"slug":300,"hasResults":11,"nctId":301,"briefTitle":302,"officialTitle":303,"acronym":304,"eligibilityCriteria":305,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":74,"enrollmentInfo":306,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":308,"briefSummary":309,"conditions":310,"keywords":321,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":325,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":326,"startDateStruct":328,"completionDateStruct":330,"leadSponsor":332,"locationsCount":44},"100609205","intraoperative-paravertebral-block-and-postoperative-complications-100609205","NCT07211529","Intraoperative Paravertebral Block and Postoperative Complications","Perioperative Paravertebral Block Reduces Postoperative Complications in Thoracic Surgery: An Observational Study","IPVB and POCs","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male or female participants aged 18 years or older.\n2. Scheduled to undergo thoracic surgery via Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) or Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (RATS), including wedge resection, segmentectomy, lobectomy, or mediastinal surgery.\n3. Signed informed consent obtained prior to study participation. -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients who refuse to provide informed consent.\n2. Anesthesiologists who have not received training in ultrasound-guided paravertebral block (PVB-US).\n3. History of ipsilateral thoracic surgery.\n4. Conversion to open thoracotomy during the procedure.\n5. Patients who did not complete the scheduled surgery due to disease progression or medical reasons.\n6. Patients who are lost to follow-up or refuse postoperative follow-up. -",{"count":307,"type":21},500,[24],"This study aims to evaluate the clinical association between intraoperative paravertebral block and the reduction of postoperative complications following thoracic surgery.",[27,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320],"Lung Cancer (Diagnosis)","Pulmonary Infections","Respiratory Failure Without Hypercapnia","Pleural Effusion Due to Another Disorder (Disorder)","Atelectasis","Bronchospasm","Pneumothorax","Pulmonary Embolism (Diagnosis)","Bronchopleural Fistula","Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)",[322,323,324],"Paravertebral Block (PVB)","Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)","Postoperative Complications","2025-09-30",{"date":327,"type":36},"2025-10-08",{"date":329,"type":36},"2025-03-25",{"date":331,"type":21},"2028-12-31",{"name":333,"class":43},"Tongji Hospital",{"id":335,"slug":336,"hasResults":11,"nctId":337,"briefTitle":338,"officialTitle":339,"acronym":340,"eligibilityCriteria":341,"healthyVolunteers":160,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":342,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":344,"briefSummary":345,"conditions":346,"keywords":348,"overallStatus":114,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":351,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":352,"startDateStruct":354,"completionDateStruct":356,"leadSponsor":358,"locationsCount":4},"100607600","a-prospective-randomized-double-blind-study-on-the-effects-of-different-anesthesia-strategies-on-postoperative-cough-in-patients-undergoing-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-100607600","NCT07190664","A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study on the Effects of Different Anesthesia Strategies on Postoperative Cough in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery.","A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Different Anesthesia Strategies for Postoperative Cough in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","Chronic cough","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. planned wedge resection, segmentectomy or lobectomy;\n2. more than 18 years old;\n3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade ≤Ⅲ;\n4. body mass index (BMI) ≤24 kg\u002Fm2;\n5. Normal pulmonary function, predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) \\>50%, resting blood gas analysis showed arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) ≥75 mmHg and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) \\\u003C45 MMHG;\n6. Normal cardiac function with ejection fraction (EF) \\> 50% of predicted value;\n7. Informed consent and signed informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* (1) patients who refuse surgery and\u002For anesthesia; (2) preoperative pulmonary infection; (3) previous history of ipsilateral surgery or other medical history that may cause extensive pleural adhesions; (4) phrenic nerve palsy on the non-operative side; (5) patients with high risk of preoperative reflux (fasting \\\u003C6 hours) or gastroesophageal reflux disease; (6) patients with heart, kidney, liver and other organ dysfunction and surgical contraindications; (7) with severe cognitive, psychological and communication disorders.",{"count":343,"type":21},228,[24],"This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of different anesthesia methods on postoperative chronic cough in lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection (VATS), and to clarify the effectiveness and safety of each anesthesia airway management strategy in reducing the incidence of postoperative chronic cough, shortening the duration of cough, alleviating the severity of symptoms, and improving the postoperative quality of life of patients.",[347,27],"Chronic Cough",[349,350],"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery","chronic cough","2025-09-17",{"date":353,"type":36},"2025-09-24",{"date":355,"type":21},"2025-10-01",{"date":357,"type":21},"2025-12-30",{"name":359,"class":43},"Fujian Medical University Union Hospital",{"id":361,"slug":362,"hasResults":11,"nctId":363,"briefTitle":364,"officialTitle":365,"acronym":366,"eligibilityCriteria":367,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":74,"enrollmentInfo":368,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":370,"briefSummary":371,"conditions":372,"keywords":376,"overallStatus":114,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":382,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":383,"startDateStruct":384,"completionDateStruct":386,"leadSponsor":387,"locationsCount":4},"100606620","monarch-robotic-bronchoscopy-for-lung-nodule-icg-dye-marking-before-vats-100606620","NCT07177924","Monarch Robotic Bronchoscopy for Lung Nodule ICG Dye Marking Before VATS","Effectiveness, Safety and Learning Curve of Monarch Robotic Assisted Bronchoscopy for Lung Nodule ICG Dye Marking Before VATS Sublobectomy","REALM","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18-80 years\n* Clinically indicated sub-lobar resection\n* Tolerates general anesthesia\n* Single\u002Fmultiple small nodules \\\u003C20 mm in peripheral lung field\n* Nodules difficult to locate intraoperatively by inspection\u002Fpalpation\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindications to bronchoscopy\u002Fanesthesia\n* Coagulopathy or bleeding tendency\n* Implanted devices interfering with navigation\n* Allergy to ICG or iodinated contrast\n* Pregnant\u002Flactating women\n* Intraoperative findings not suitable for procedure",{"count":369,"type":21},50,[24],"This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm clinical study conducted at Beijing Cancer Hospital to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and learning curve of preoperative indocyanine green (ICG) dye marking mixed with iodinated contrast agent under Monarch Robotic Assisted Bronchoscopy (RAB) with Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) for small pulmonary nodules that are difficult to locate during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) sublobectomy. Eligible patients will undergo RAB localization immediately followed by VATS in the same operative session. The primary endpoints include the success rate of localization, effective localization, and VATS sublobar resection. Secondary endpoints include navigation success rate, operation times, reaching depth, complication rates, and health economic outcomes. The learning curve will be analyzed using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method. A total of 50 patients will be enrolled and followed up for 14 days postoperatively.",[373,374,375,27],"Small Pulmonary Nodules","Pulmonary Nodule Localization","Lung Cancer (Suspected or Confirmed)",[377,378,379,323,380,381],"Robotic Assisted Bronchoscopy","Monarch Platform","Lung Nodule Localization","Pulmonary Nodules","Lung Cancer Surgery","2025-09-10",{"date":351,"type":36},{"date":385,"type":21},"2025-10-10",{"date":38,"type":21},{"name":388,"class":43},"Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute"]