[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"visual-snow-syndrome\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:visual-snow-syndrome":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,4,0,[8,63,86,108],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":25,"briefSummary":27,"conditions":28,"keywords":32,"overallStatus":51,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":52,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":53,"startDateStruct":56,"completionDateStruct":58,"leadSponsor":60,"locationsCount":62},"100590011","investigating-brain-function-in-people-with-and-without-visual-snow-syndrome-using-adaptation-to-visual-stimuli-100590011",false,"NCT06961864","Investigating Brain Function in People With and Without Visual Snow Syndrome Using Adaptation to Visual Stimuli","Visual Perception in Visual Snow Syndrome","VPVSS","Inclusion Criteria for People with Visual Snow Syndrome:\n\n* Between the ages of 18 and 60 years old\n* Normal (20\u002F25 or better in each eye) or corrected-to-normal vision (MR-compatible glasses will be provided as needed)\n* Ability to comply with study instructions\n* Individuals who have a current diagnosis of VSS from a neuro-ophthalmologist or meet diagnostic criteria of VSS (experience of dynamic dots across the visual field persisting longer than 3 months and at least 2 of the following additional visual symptoms: palinopsia, entoptic phenomena, trails behind moving objects, photophobia, or nyctalopia)\n* Individuals living in Minnesota within 2 hours of the study site\n\nInclusion Criteria for Non-snow Controls:\n\n* Between the ages of 18 and 60 years old\n* Normal (20\u002F25 or better in each eye) or corrected-to-normal vision (MR-compatible glasses will be provided as needed)\n* Ability to comply with study instructions\n* Individuals living in Minnesota within 2 hours of the study site\n\nExclusion Criteria for People with Visual Snow Syndrome:\n\n* Not being fluent in English or another language for which interpretation\u002Ftranslation services are available\n* A diagnosed or self-reported intellectual disability\n* Current substance dependence (besides nicotine), or drug dependence with tolerance or withdrawal within past 12 months\n* Hallucinogenic substance use within the past 12 months or hallucinogenic substance use within 12 months prior to onset of VSS symptoms\n* Severe central nervous system disease\n* Head injury with skull fracture or loss of consciousness for more than thirty minutes\n* Presence of a physical problem that would render study measures difficult or impossible to administer or interpret (e.g., visual field loss)\n* Age less than 18 years or greater than 60 years\n* MRI exclusions (for MR visits only):\n\n  * Metal in the body that cannot be approved by the CMRR safety committee\n  * Pregnancy\n  * Conditions that affect neuro-hemodynamic coupling\n  * Claustrophobia\n  * Inability to lie still for at least an hour\n  * Weight in excess of 440 lbs\n  * CT scan exclusion only: Research-related radiation exposure within the last 12 months\n* Any vision anomaly aside from VS or refractive error (e.g., strabismus\u002F crossed eyes, lazy eyes, color blindness)\n* Current psychotic episode\n\nExclusion Criteria for Non-snow Controls:\n\n* Not being fluent in English or another language for which interpretation\u002Ftranslation services are available\n* A diagnosed or self-reported intellectual disability\n* Current substance dependence (besides nicotine), or drug dependence with tolerance or withdrawal within past 12 months\n* Hallucinogenic substance use within the past 12 months\n* Severe central nervous system disease\n* Head injury with skull fracture or loss of consciousness for more than thirty minutes\n* Presence of a physical problem that would render study measures difficult or impossible to administer or interpret (e.g., visual field loss)\n* Age less than 18 years or greater than 60 years\n* MRI exclusions (for MR visits only):\n\n  * Metal in the body that cannot be approved by the CMRR safety committee\n  * Pregnancy\n  * Conditions that affect neuro-hemodynamic coupling\n  * Claustrophobia\n  * Inability to lie still for at least an hour\n  * Weight in excess of 440 lbs\n  * CT scan exclusion only: Research-related radiation exposure within the last 12 months\n* Any vision anomaly or refractive error (e.g. strabismus\u002F crossed eyes, lazy eyes, color blind)\n* A personal history of VSS symptoms or a diagnosis with VSS\n* Current psychotic episode",true,"ALL","18 Years","60 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},100,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[26],"NA","The goal of this study is to learn more about the brain pathways and activity involved in creating Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS). The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n* Does VSS arise from spontaneous activity in brain pathways?\n* Where in the brain does the activity contributing to VSS arise?\n* How does brain activity contribute to VSS?\n\nParticipants will:\n\n1. Undergo assessments and questionnaires to understand visual and mental symptoms, cognitive, and sensory function.\n2. Make visual judgements based on images presented to them both inside and outside a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine.\n3. Undergo scanning of their brain while inside of an MRI machine.",[29,30,31],"Visual Snow Syndrome","Migraine","Healthy",[29,33,30,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50],"Visual Snow","Floaters","Palinopsia","Photophobia","Nyctalopia","Entoptic phenomena","Visual trailing","Adaptation","Magnetic resonance spectroscopy","MRS","Magnetic resonance imaging","MRI","University of Minnesota","Afterimages","Poor night vision","Light sensitivity","Persistent positive visual phenomena","Static","RECRUITING","2026-01-12",{"date":54,"type":55},"2026-01-14","ACTUAL",{"date":57,"type":55},"2025-04-11",{"date":59,"type":23},"2030-03-31",{"name":45,"class":61},"OTHER",1,{"id":64,"slug":65,"hasResults":11,"nctId":66,"briefTitle":67,"officialTitle":67,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":68,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":69,"enrollmentInfo":70,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":72,"phases":4,"briefSummary":73,"conditions":74,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":51,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":76,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":77,"startDateStruct":79,"completionDateStruct":81,"leadSponsor":83,"locationsCount":85},"100479554","high-field-mr-imaging-in-migraine-visual-snow-and-epilepsy-100479554","NCT05524493","High-field MR Imaging in Migraine, Visual Snow and Epilepsy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPatients:\n\n* Patient must be able to read and sign the informed consent form\n* Stable prophylactic medication for 2 months prior to MRI\n* At leat one of the two criteria applies:\n* Patients diagnosed with migraine (with or without aura, episodic or chronic). Diagnosis is ensured by clinical interview (at least 8 weeks prior to MRI). Also, patients complete a migraine questionnaire (HARDSHIP) (at least 8 weeks before MRI). Migraine frequency ≥ 2 migraine attacks\u002Fmonth.\n* Patients with drug resistent epilepsy accroding to ILAE crtieria\n* Patients with diagnoses of Visual snow syndrome\n\nHealthy participants;\n\n* No migraine (validated by questionnaire) or epilepsy\n* Participants must be able to read and sign the informed consent form\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Treatment of migraine disease with Botox within \\\u003C 4 months before baseline and during the study period\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding women\n* Intention during the course of the trial to become pregnant\n* Women with bilateral ovariectomy, with or without hysterectomy, and postmenopausal women (\\>2 years of age) are not considered childbearing.\n* Other clinically significant comorbidities (e.g., renal insufficiency, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, etc.),\n* Known or suspected noncompliance with the protocol, drug or alcohol abuse,\n* Patient's inability to follow trial procedures, e.g., due to language problems, mental illness, dementia, etc.,\n* Prior participation in the clinical trial\n* Enrolment of the investigator, his\u002F her family members, employees and other dependent persons of the test personnel\n* Metallic objects in the body (e.g., splinters, MR incompatible implants).\n* Pacemaker\n* Claustrophobia\n* Obesity (body mass index \\> 35 kg\u002Fm2)","65 Years",{"count":71,"type":23},200,"OBSERVATIONAL","In this project, the aim is to recruit patients with drug resistant epilepsy and those suffering from migraine. Interestingly, patients suffering from epilepsy are also more often reporting to suffer from migraine. The pathobiology is understudied, but it is believed that both etiologies results from brain networks changes. A clinical certified 7T Terra Siemens scanner will be employed to assess in all participants (including healthy controls) how the microstructure differs in disease specific areas. Patients will further be clinically assessed as well as undergo questionnaires.\n\nMigraine is also a common comorbidity to visual snow syndrom and has been shown to impact similar brain regions. However, the pathophysiology is still understudied and a better understanding of the two diseases is needed.",[30,75,29],"Epilepsy","2025-10-02",{"date":78,"type":55},"2025-10-08",{"date":80,"type":55},"2025-03-01",{"date":82,"type":23},"2026-06-30",{"name":84,"class":61},"University of Zurich",2,{"id":87,"slug":88,"hasResults":11,"nctId":89,"briefTitle":90,"officialTitle":90,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":91,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":69,"enrollmentInfo":92,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":94,"briefSummary":95,"conditions":96,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":51,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":102,"completionDateStruct":104,"leadSponsor":106,"locationsCount":62},"100601438","study-of-visual-perception-phenomena-phosphene-mapping-induced-by-tms-and-its-relationship-with-eye-movements-100601438","NCT07110493","Study of Visual Perception Phenomena: Phosphene Mapping Induced by TMS and Its Relationship With Eye Movements","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nFor the \"Patients with Visual Snow Syndrome\" Arm:\n\nConfirmed diagnosis of Visual Snow Syndrome according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria.\n\nPresence of persistent, dynamic, tiny dots (\"visual snow\") across the entire visual field.\n\nPresence of at least one of the following additional visual symptoms:\n\nPalinopsia (prolonged afterimages). Photophobia (hypersensitivity to light). Nyctalopia (impaired night vision). Blurred vision. Patients whose symptoms appeared after a SARS-CoV-2 viral illness may be included.\n\nFor the \"Color-blind Participants\" Arm:\n\nPresence of a color perception disorder. Must have a formal diagnosis of color blindness confirmed by specific ophthalmologic tests (e.g., Ishihara, Rabkin, Justova, or Stilling polychromatic plates, or the Farnsworth-Munsell test).\n\nFor the \"Healthy Controls\" Arm:\n\nAbsence of any active or past neurological, psychiatric, or ophthalmological disorders.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nGeneral Criteria (Applicable to all participants):\n\nUse of psychotropic drugs. Any contraindications to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), such as a history of epilepsy, seizures, or metallic implants in the head.\n\nPregnancy.\n\nSpecific to the \"Patients with Visual Snow Syndrome\" Arm:\n\nPresence of any organic abnormalities in the eyes or visual system identified during a standard ophthalmologic examination.\n\nPresence of comorbid psychiatric disorders or other medical conditions (e.g., migraine with aura) that could explain the symptoms.\n\nSpecific to the \"Color-blind Participants\" Arm:\n\nAny non-congenital cases of color blindness. Presence of concomitant visual impairments that could affect visual perception independently of color blindness, such as cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration.\n\nPresence of concomitant neurological or psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, or mood disorders, that could affect the study results.",{"count":93,"type":23},50,[26],"The purpose of this basic science study is to better understand human visual perception. Phosphenes are flashes of light that can be induced using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). The location of these phosphenes is known to change with eye movements, but the exact influence of these movements is not fully understood.\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\nHow does stimulating specific areas of the visual cortex relate to where a person perceives a phosphene? How do eye movements affect the accuracy of mapping these sensations? The study will enroll three groups of adults (aged 18-65): patients with Visual Snow Syndrome, color-blind participants, and healthy volunteers.\n\nDuring the experiment, participants will receive single-pulse TMS to their visual cortex. Simultaneously, their eye movements will be monitored with an eye-tracker, and their brain activity will be recorded with EEG. Participants will be asked to report the location of the perceived light flashes. This will help create a map of the brain areas responsible for visual sensations and clarify how eye movements influence this process.",[29,97,98],"Color Blindness","Healthy Volunteer","2025-07-31",{"date":101,"type":55},"2025-08-07",{"date":103,"type":23},"2025-09-10",{"date":105,"type":23},"2026-12-10",{"name":107,"class":61},"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology",{"id":109,"slug":110,"hasResults":11,"nctId":111,"briefTitle":112,"officialTitle":113,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":114,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":115,"maxAge":116,"enrollmentInfo":117,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":119,"briefSummary":120,"conditions":121,"keywords":122,"overallStatus":124,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":125,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":126,"startDateStruct":128,"completionDateStruct":130,"leadSponsor":132,"locationsCount":4},"100517481","mbct-vision-vss-rct-100517481","NCT06018103","MBCT-vision VSS RCT","MBCT-vision to Treat Visual Snow Syndrome: a Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* People with VSS according to the ICHD-3 criteria; previously diagnosed by a Neurologist, Ophthalmologist or Neuro-Ophthalmologist\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with co-morbid conditions affecting vision\n* Patients with a current severe depressive or psychotic episode as determined by the psychologist\n* Patients with severe difficulties in emotional regulation as determined by the psychologist\n* Patients unable to provide informed consent for participation\n* Patients with insufficient understanding of spoken English (due to need to participate in group discussions)\n* Patients who have previously completed MBCT or similar mindfulness interventions\n* Persons aged \\\u003C16 or \\>80 years\n\nAn exploratory sub-study on the change in metabolomics will recruit healthy controls, inclusion criteria:\n\nHealthy Control Inclusion Criteria\n\n* Family or household member of a similar age (+\u002F- 8years) to a participant with VSS recruited into the MBCT-vision VSS RCT study\n* Person with no symptoms of VSS\n* Person who self-declares as fit and well with no current medical conditions including anxiety or migraine\n\nHealthy Control Exclusion Criteria\n\n* Person unable to provide informed consent\n* Person with other co-morbid medical or psychological conditions\n* Person aged \\\u003C16 or \\>80years","16 Years","80 Years",{"count":118,"type":23},60,[26],"Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) is a neurological condition with bran network dysregulation involving the visual pathway. This is a research trial comparing the effect of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention via a group-learning course, the MBCT-vision programme, to treat Visual Snow Syndrome, compared to people on a standard care (wait-list control). Participants will be randomly allocated to either the Treatment group (MBCT-vision), or the Control group (wait-list control). After a waiting period, people allocated to the Control group will also be offered the MBCT-vision treatment. The primary outcome is to compare the severity of the visual symptoms on a 0 to 10 scale between the two groups.",[29],[29,123],"Mindfulness","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2023-08-30",{"date":127,"type":55},"2023-08-31",{"date":129,"type":23},"2024-01",{"date":131,"type":23},"2026-12",{"name":133,"class":61},"Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust"]