12-mm Partial Covered Versus Bare Self-Expandable Metallic Stents for Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction

Metallic stents are commonly used for biliary drainage in patients with unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction. However, it is unclear whether a 12-mm partially covered self-expandable metallic stent or a 12-mm bare self-expandable metallic stent provides better effectiveness and safety. This prospective, randomized clinical trial will compare these two stent types in adult patients who have already undergone percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and are scheduled for metallic stent placement through the existing PTBD tract. A total of 60 participants will be enrolled. After stent placement, participants will be followed for 12 months, with assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months. The study will evaluate recurrent biliary obstruction, stent patency duration, reintervention, overall survival, and procedure-related complications. The results are expected to provide evidence for selecting the most appropriate 12-mm metallic stent for patients with unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction.