Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), a prevalent pediatric disorder, suffers from therapeutic limitations characterized by low efficacy and high relapse rates. Targeting its core pathophysiology could significantly improve treatment outcomes. Growing evidence implicates circadian dysregulation in PNE pathogenesis. Our preliminary fMRI cohort identified abnormal functional connectivity between the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN, the central circadian pacemaker) and superior temporal gyrus in PNE patients, with clinical data confirming circadian realignment correlates with symptom remission. Small-scale pilot studies and clinical observations indicate that modulating central and peripheral circadian rhythms significantly alleviates PNE symptoms. This study will establish a circadian-focused PNE cohort to quantify therapeutic efficacy and elucidate underlying mechanisms, ultimately driving the development of mechanism-based therapies for PNE.
Age: 5 to 15 years (inclusive), regardless of gender.
Right-handedness (as assessed by the Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire)
Secondary nocturnal enuresis;
History of head trauma, neurological disorders, psychosurgery, or major physical conditions (including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, cerebral palsy);
Contraindications to fMRI.
Note: Mild comorbidities commonly associated with primary nocturnal enuresis (e.g., ADHD) are permitted but must be included as covariates in statistical analyses.