Surgical pain is a common complication after surgery, affecting patient recovery and treatment quality. \>20% of patients suffer from chronic postoperative pain. China has \>70 million surgeries yearly. Nerve block manages postoperative pain, with developing nerve block needles now used in clinics. Developed needles may have better pain management effects than non-developed ones, but their effect on reducing chronic pain remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of developed nerve block needles on postoperative pain and compare them to non-developed needles, providing new ideas and methods for pain management.
The age is above 18 years old and below 70 years old.
patients whose surgical sites were in the chest, abdomen, upper limbs or lower limbs, including lobectomy, cholecystectomy, gastrointestinal resection, hysterectomy and other elective operations.
This operation was the first operation during the hospitalization.
Consent to participate in this study and sign an informed consent form.
Patients with a history of alcohol or drug addiction.
Patients with disturbance of consciousness before operation.
Other conditions considered by the attending physician or researcher to be inappropriate for the study;
History of chronic pain.