This prospective randomized double-blinded controlled trial will include 60 pediatric patients aged 1 - 6 years old, both sexes, with American society of anesthesiologists (I and II) and undergoing elective infra-umbilical surgeries with anticipated duration ≤ 90 minutes. Patients will be randomly divided into two equal groups: Weight-based dosing (Group A) and age-based dosing group (Group B). Both groups will receive hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using age based dosing of Bupivacaine compared with standard method of weight based dosing in pediatric spinal anesthesia.
Children aged 1-6 years
Both genders.
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II.
Elective infra-umbilical surgeries with anticipated duration ≤ 90 minutes.
Guardian refusal.
Children with significant congenital heart disease (e.g., septal defects requiring surgical intervention)
Children with neuromuscular disorders or high intracranial pressure.
Children with spinal deformities or morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI) above the 99th percentile).