Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the UK, with over 35,000 deaths annually and most cases diagnosed at a late stage. Current screening programmes using low-dose CT scans target only high-risk individuals, missing around 30% of lung cancer cases, including many women and never-smokers. There is no simple, non-invasive tool to help triage patients with persistent respiratory symptoms who fall outside formal screening criteria. Inflammacheck® measures hydrogen peroxide and other breath biomarkers linked to airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Preliminary studies (VICTORY and ExPeL) have shown strong diagnostic performance for distinguishing lung cancer from other respiratory conditions. VICTORY 2 aims to validate and refine the AI model supporting Inflammacheck®, enabling accurate, rapid, and affordable triage for suspected lung cancer in NHS settings.
Group A: Lung cancer confirmed by multidisciplinary team (MDT) diagnosis.
Group B: Suspected lung cancer (biopsy negative or awaiting further investigation).
Group C: Pneumonia (radiologically or clinically confirmed).
Group D: Non-malignant airways diseases (asthma or COPD).
1. Active respiratory infection (e.g., tuberculosis, bronchopneumonia) other than pneumonia (e.g., tuberculosis) at the time of breath sampling.