This study attempts to learn more about the health of persons with Down syndrome after treatment for acute leukemia. Children with Down syndrome are at increased risk for side effects during treatment for acute leukemia, but it is unclear of their risk for long-term effects of cancer treatment. By learning more about the factors that may contribute to chronic health conditions and long-term effects after treatment for leukemia in persons with Down syndrome, clinical practice guidelines for survivorship care can be developed to help improve their quality-of-life.
Patients age >= 6 and < 40 years at the time of enrollment
A diagnosis of Down syndrome is required, and may include any of the three recognized types: trisomy 21 resulting from chromosomal nondisjunction (most common), translocation (the patient has 46 chromosomes, but all or part of an additional copy of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome), or mosaicism (trisomy 21 that is present in only a fraction of cells)
All patients must be DS-AL survivors (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] or acute myeloid leukemia [AML])
Note 1: Myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) is included in the AML category above. Per the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of ML-DS, this diagnosis encompasses both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and overt AML. Also, note that survivors of relapsed disease are eligible, so long as the patient otherwise meets eligibility criteria, i.e., treatment for relapse was completed at least 36 calendar months prior to enrollment and did not include stem cell transplant
Patients with history of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are excluded
Note: Patients with previous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy, and other cellular cancer therapies can participate, as long as all other eligibility criteria are satisfied
Patients with a history of cancers prior to their ALL or AML diagnosis are excluded. Patients that developed a subsequent malignant neoplasm following their ALL or AML diagnosis are also excluded
Note: Prior history of transient abnormal myelopoiesis is allowed, but is not sufficient for eligibility