This study will use a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the added effects of coherent breathing combined with aerobic exercise versus aerobic exercise alone in 40 adults aged 30-65 with stage 1 hypertension. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (aerobic exercise plus coherent breathing) or a control group (aerobic exercise only) and will undergo a 4-week program with 5 sessions per week.
Cardiopulmonary parameters-including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rate pressure product-will be measured, and quality of life will be assessed using the MINICHAL questionnaire at baseline, 2 weeks, and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.
The study aims to determine whether coherent breathing provides additional benefits, offering a cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management in low-resource settings.
Both male and female genders.
Adults aged 30-65 years.
Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80-89mm Hg according to ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines.
Mild to moderate physical activity level on IPAQ questionnaire.
Diagnosed uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
Unstable angina, MI, heart failure, advanced CAD patients, COPD, Asthma.
Severe neurological, musculoskeletal or gynecological conditions which limit participation in the study.
Recent history of fracture.
Parallel
Coherent Breathing.
Other interventionCoherent breathing technique involve consciously reducing the breathing rate, typically to fewer than 10 breaths per minute, often around 6 breaths per minute. Coherent breathing is performed for 10 minutes. Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a period of 30 min.
Aerobic Exercises
Other interventionAerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a periof of 30 min.
Heart Rate (beats per minute)
Measured using calibrated digital monitor after 5 minutes rest at baseline and post-intervention.
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂, %)
Measured using pulse oximeter under resting conditions at baseline and post-intervention.
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