This multicenter retrospective study evaluates whether artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography (AI-ECG) can identify individuals at high risk for left ventricular dysfunction and whether targeted guideline-directed medical therapy can mitigate subsequent risk. Using a large multicenter cohort of patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function, the investigators applied an AI-ECG-based risk stratification approach and emulated a target trial to examine the association between guideline-directed therapies and the risk of incident left ventricular functional decline.
With an ECG followed by an echocardiogram within a 90-day interval
With preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 50%)
missing essential variables or ECG lead data
any prior LVEF < 50%
loss to follow-up or death during the 90-day assessment window
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Taiwan