AI-Enhanced Optimization of Acute Levodopa Challenge Test

Parkinson's disease (PD) group: 1. Patients with confirmed Parkinson's disease diagnosed based on the 2015 International Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Parkinson's Disease Diagnostic Criteria; 2. Patients with early-stage PD meet the Hoehn-Yahr score ≤ 2.5 points, and patients with intermediate and advanced PD meet the Hoehn-Yahr score of 2.5-5 points; 3. Subjects are 50-75 years old (including boundary values), gender is not limited; 4. Agree to undergo study-related examination evaluation and sign informed consent.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) group : 1. Patients with confirmed or probable MSA diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria for MSA published by the International Movement Disorder Society (MDS) in 2022 ;2. Subjects are 50-75 years old (including boundary values), gender is not limited; 3. Agree to undergo study-related examination evaluation and sign informed consent.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) group: 1. Patients with confirmed or probable PSP diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria of the 2017 International Movement Disorder Association PSP Collaborative Group; 2. Subjects are 50-75 years old (including boundary values), gender is not limited; 3. Agree to undergo study-related examination evaluation and sign informed consent.

Vascular parkinsonism (VP) group: 1. In line with the diagnostic recommendations of vascular parkinsonism in accordance with the 2004 International Association for Movement Disorders and the 2017 Chinese expert consensus; 2. Subjects are 50-75 years old (including boundary values), gender is not limited; 3. Agree to undergo study-related examination evaluation and sign informed consent.