Investigating the association between intestinal Ruminococcus gnavus and its derived biogenic amines with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
1.Healthy individuals without a history of liver disease or related underlying diseases; or patients diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) according to the latest guideline, Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic (Dysfunction-Associated/Non-Alcoholic) Fatty Liver Disease (2024 Edition), meeting the following criteria: (i) imaging-based diagnosis of fatty liver and/or liver biopsy showing ≥5% macrovesicular steatosis in hepatocytes; (ii) presence of at least one component of metabolic syndrome (MetS); and (iii) exclusion of other causes of fatty liver, including excessive alcohol consumption (weekly ethanol intake ≥210 g for men and ≥140 g for women), malnutrition, hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease), and other potential etiologies.
1. History of severe organic diseases in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or other systems, malignant tumors, or autoimmune diseases.