Antibiotic Prophylaxis Versus Placebo in Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Tooth extraction sites often require alveolar bone grafting to preserve ridge dimensions and improve conditions for future implant placement. Although systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly prescribed after grafting procedures, there is limited evidence supporting its necessity in healthy patients undergoing intraoral bone grafting. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to compare the effects of prophylactic amoxicillin versus placebo on postoperative outcomes in alveolar bone graft procedures using Plenum® Oss HP biomaterial, a synthetic biphasic bioceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP; 70:30 ratio).

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either amoxicillin 500 mg every 8 hours for 7 days or a matching placebo. Clinical parameters, postoperative complications, and patient-reported outcomes will be assessed. The study seeks to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis provides measurable clinical benefits or whether placebo yields comparable results, contributing to more rational antibiotic use and supporting antimicrobial stewardship in oral surgery.