Application of Multiple Vertical Jump Tests in Return-to-Play Assessment for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Athletes

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports-related injury, particularly in sports that require extensive jumping and cutting movements. Although anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery can restore knee stability, many athletes still face the risk of re-injury after returning to competition.Current return-to-play assessment relies primarily on single-plane horizontal hop tests and symmetry indices (LSI ≥ 90%); however, an increasing body of research suggests that these tests may not comprehensively reflect functional deficits in the vertical plane, repeated hopping, or high-intensity sport-specific activities.This study hypothesizes that incorporating multiple vertical jump tests-including single-leg vertical jumps and 10-second repeated vertical jumps-combined with advanced force plate analytics (such as Reactive Strength Index \[RSI\] and Time to Stabilization \[TTS\])-can more sensitively reveal residual neuromuscular control deficits following surgery. This approach would provide evidence-based guidance for return-to-play decision-making, thereby improving athletes' long-term athletic performance and safety.